高中英语中的否定转移以及部分否定

英语中的否定转移○1

“I don’t think he is a good doctor.”

翻译：我认为他不是个好医生。

I don’t think you will have any difficulty in finding the boy’s dormitory.

翻译：我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难。

否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分为两类：

A:表示看法的动词：

be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think，fancy，guess，should say 等表示主观意见和猜想的动词在句中作谓语时，按习惯其宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句。

如：

1. I didn’t think I have seen you before.

2. She didn’t imagine that we would say

anything.

B:表示感觉的动词：

在seem，feel，taste，sound，appear，look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if作联系动词的句子中，特别是seem，按习惯以它的否定来代替其他部分的否定。例如：

1. The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.

2. It doesn’t look（看起来） like it’s

（天不会）going to rain.

3．English doesn't seem easy to learn. 英语好像不容易学。

4．It didn't seem during those years that there could be anyone else who might share my own peculiar tastes. 在那些年月里，似乎没有人会有我这样的特殊情趣。

类似的情况还有半助动词happen。

例如：He didn't happen to be at home. 他碰巧不在家。

C:以because引导的从句或because of引导的介词短语在句中作原因状语时，其否定常常转移。例如：

1．I don't teach because teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others. (＝ I teach not because… neither because…) 我当教师，并不是因为我觉得教书轻松……也不是因为我认为自己能够解答各种问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。

2.I didn't go there because of his request. (＝I went there not because of his request.) 我不是因为他的要求而去的。

在有些情况下，否定显然是在主句，而不在从句，并未转移。例如：

I couldn't concentrate because I was so hungry, because I hadn't had my breakfast. 我无法集中精力，因为我很饿，因为我没有吃早饭。

有时，特指否定和一般否定界线不明，因而产生歧义。例如：

I didn't go because I was afraid. 特指否定：我去了，但不是因为我害怕。一般否定：我没有去，因为我害怕。

当句子是一般否定时，为避免歧义，在口头表达时，需在because前稍作停顿。在书面表达时，可在because前用逗号将从句和主句分开。例如：

He didn't go to school, because he was ill. 他没去上学，因为他病了。

D:不转移否定的几种情况

在以下特殊情况中，即使有允许否定转移的动词，也不能将其否定转移到主句中。

1.I think是插入语，可看作与其他部分无关时。如：

I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.

2. 主句中有情态动词can’t, mustn’t, wouldn’t等时。如：

I can’t believe that they are married.

You mustn’t think he’s stupid.

3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离时。如：

I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.

“I think the angel is not at all in heaven.” Redmond said.

4.由于受not just…but, just not…enough, not much, not quite等以not为核心的副

词短语的影响，也不便把其否定转移到主句中。如：

I think I’m just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.

But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定词时。如：

I should think you never have seen many.

I thought it explained nothing.

英语中的否定转移○2

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形

式。

I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.

看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.