Chapter Six
语言学教程Chapter 6. Language and Cognition
2. Recognition of words in print
1).Two questions in printed word recognition (1). Two different processes for…… A lexical route A non-lexical route Connectionist theories （连接主义模型理论） claim that…… (2). Quantitative analyses……
(1) Word recognition
Recognition of spoken words and words in print 1.recognition of spoken words 1)Features of speech could cause difficulty for listeners. (1). (2). (3).
Six research subjects within it
1)acquisition 2)comprehension 3)production 4)disorders 5)language and thought 6)neurocognition We will focus on the former three subjects, say, acquisition, comprehension and production.
The conceptual approach
Cognitive linguistics has addressed : 1) 2) 3) 4) Above all, it seeks to ascertain the global integrated system of conceptual structuring in language.
chpt6-cognition语言学
使用更多的功能词： 岁之前的话语象电报， 使用更多的功能词：3岁之前的话语象电报，忽略功能词 和曲折形式；语言的各方面都可在四岁前掌握（除了罕用、 和曲折形式；语言的各方面都可在四岁前掌握（除了罕用、 主要用于书面语中的句式结构或者成人也要费力掌握的句 式结构） 式结构）
2.2 Language comprehension- （1） comprehensionWord recognition 单词辨识 Mental lexicon（心理词汇库）: information 心理词汇库） about the properties of words, retrievable when understanding language
Mature speaker
Purpose
I don’t want to go to sleep I am not tired Where is the doll? The truck is on the table Daddy is running I (Joe) pushed (the cat) I pushed the car Give me the candy
chapter six Word Formation I 英语词汇学 教学课件
morphemes, such as antecedent, student
Bound root
• A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. For example:
• Prefix comes before the word, changing the meaning of the original words: subway, maltreat, forehead, etc
• Suffix comes after the word, changing the word class: northward, bloody, purify…
Chapter Six
Word Formation I
Introduction
• We have discussed that the borrowing plays an active role in the expansion of vocabulary. In modern times, vocabulary is largely enriched on an internal basis, that is through word formation.
英语总复习 单词 & 句型
Chapter One第一章Starting school 开始上学啦Words单词:Good好的morning 早上boy 男孩girl 女孩boys 男孩们girls 女孩子们sir 先生hello喂what什么is是your你的name名字my我的I我am是afternoon下午Miss Brown布朗女士 goodbye再见children 孩子们teacher 老师spell 拼写know 知道good 好welcome 欢迎present到，礼物we我们Sentences句型：Good morning！早上好！What is your name？你叫什么名字？My name is Tom. 我叫Tom。
I am Tom. 我是Tom。
Good afternoon. 下午好！Goodbye. 再见！I am your teacher.我是你的老师。
Present.到。
Spell your name, please. 请拼写你的名字。
Chapter Two第二章Nice to meet you见到你很高兴2A单词：father 爸爸mother 妈妈brother 兄弟sister 姐妹friend 朋友classmate 同学my我的this这个is是he他she她2C单词how怎样are 是fine好的thank 谢谢you你in在class 班级book 书come来with和here这里nice好的meet 见面，开会love爱2A 句型：This is Peter 这是Peter.He is my classmate. 他是我同学。
She is my sister. 她是我姐妹。
2C句型：How are you? 你好吗？I am fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢。
Mary is in Class 1A . Mary 在1A班。
I know Mary. 我知道Mary。
Chapter Six The Vincent Van Gogh Exhibition
Chapter SixThe Vincent Van Gogh Exhibition(Post-reading Section)Teacher:Zhu Y anwenStudents: Class 13, Senior Two, Caoyang No.2 High SchoolDate：June 11th, 2006I. Teaching Objects:（教学目标）Language Objects:1.Students will review some key words and expressions in the text to understand the textbetter2.Students are supposed to acquire necessary vocabulary of the description of paintingsand the painter.Skill Objects:1.Students’ ability of describing paintings and their desire to express their own opinions onworks of art and the artist should be promoted and inspired .2.Students’ critical thinking through communication will be properly guided and fostered. Emotional Object:Students’ability to appreciate works of art is supposed to be fostered and students’pondering over the significance of art and life through the topic character of the readingpart---V an Gogh’s life experience and works will be guided.II. Teaching Methods:（教学方法）Cooperation study pattern, BrainstormIII. Teaching Aid:（教学辅助）Paper slips, Multi-media, Over-head Projector, blackboardIV. Teaching Points:（教学知识点）1.Revision of the vocabulary in the textplementary vocabulary (mainly adjectives which are used to describe someone andsomething.)V. Key Points:（教学重点）1.With the previous three periods of the text, students have been well informed of the key wordsand expressions which are essential for them to understand the text and prepare for further study. Help students review the key words and encourage them to apply the vocabulary for further practice.2.Guide the students to grasp how to describe works of art and encourage them to give theiropinions on the works as well as the artist.VI. Difficult Points:（教学难点）1.Students should be inspired to apply the acquired vocabulary in the reading part to the furtherstudy. Also, the vocabulary acquired in previous chapters could be reviewed and applied as well. (The vocabulary used to talk about colors in Chapter Two; the vocabulary used to describe people’s characters in Chapter Five)2.Students’ original while serious thinking about arts should be under correct guidance.VII. Teaching Procedure:（教学过程）1.Lead-in: 导入Brainstorm: Describe Van Gogh with an adjective(A group competition: the students will be encouraged to name an adjectivewhich pops into their mind when referring to V an Gogh. )2. Consolidation of the text and skill development:Step One:The review of V an Gogh’s life experience●Outline of his experience●Practice retelling the life experience of V an GoghStep T wo：The appreciation of V an Gogh’s works●Listening: Appreciate one of V an Gogh’s Masterpieces●List the outline and useful structures●Describe a specific painting of V an GoghStep Three:Further ThinkingThe students are required to choose a painting of V an Gogh. Describe it andgive their opinions on it. They are not only encouraged to comment on V anGogh’s work, the person himself and most important, students are supposedto give comments on V an Gogh’s pursuit of arts.3. Assignment:作业Please make a profile of V an Gogh, focusing on his life experience and hisworks. Use as many words we’ve learnt as possible.Vocabulary for reference:review, a success, produce, during one’s lifetime, deserve one’sreputation, abandon, turn to, depend on, take one’s own life, sane,admire,… and all the adjectives that we’ve talked about in the lesson.牛津英语高二年级第二学期第六课（第三教时）教学设计一、课程标准在这一章节的要求：语言能力目标：1、复习巩固课文知识内容，更好的理解课文，掌握课文内容---对梵高生平的了解；2、学会描述评价艺术家及其作品，并能有条理，有理有据地表述自己对艺术家及其作品的观点。
Chapter Six, Lecture Nine (Key to the Assignments)
KeyAssignments1. Questions:(1) What is the process of making a wood block picture?1) the sketch is drawn;2) the outline is inked before it is placed on the smoothed cherry or pear wood;3) engrave the wood block;4) different colors are applied to make a colored copy (process printing and monochromatic printing);5) mounting(2) What is “Paper-cut”?1) Paper-cut takes the scissors or engraving knife as the tool and colored paper as the material to cut out various motifs or patterns.2) Paper-cuts are either worn by women on the hair or pasted on windows, gates, or lintels of doors to bring good luck and avoid disasters.3) It is not only one of the most popular handicraft arts among the people, but also one of the most widespread decorative arts in China.4) In many part of China, paper-cutting skill has become the symbol of a clever mind and nimble fingers for Chinese ladies.5) The secret of paper-cut is the patterns are cut out but not broken.(3) Use examples to illustrate the enormous influence of China’s textile on world culture. Ancient Greece and Rome referred to China as “Seres” meaning “silk country”, and its pronunciation is similar to Chinese si (silk). English word “silk”was derived from the word “Seres”. From an etymological (语源的) perspective, silk as a representative of China’s textile has exerted an enormous influence on world culture. (P119)(4) Why Tang Dynasty was said to be the first peak period of porcelain development in the history?The proof can be found in three aspects:1) The number of famous kilns.2) Advanced technology.3) Widespread application. (P122)(5) What special meanings does jade bear in China’s traditional culture ?1) In the Origin of Chinese Characters, jade is acclaimed as having five virtues; for this reason, jade has special implication in China’s traditional culture.2) Jade articles used to be used as sacrificial and funerary articles, and they were assumed to have mysterious anti-evil effect. As a privilege to the nobility, jade is symbolic of power, wealth and status. A jade pendent, especially ring or penannular shaped, could mean reunion or farewell. (P122)(6) Explain “Yuan Xiao”.The name derives itself from the fact that the first lunar month is called yuan month and in the ancient times people called night xiao. The 15th day is the first night to see a full moon. So the day is also called Yuanxiao Festival, when thousands of colorful lanterns hung out for people to appreciate. At this time, people will try to solve the puzzles on the lanterns and eat yuanxiao and get all their families united in the joyful atmosphere. (P128)(7) Why is “Tug-of-war” called “Bahe” in Chinese?1)Generally, there are two explanations. One is that the river is symbolic of the boundary line between the State of Ch u and the State of Han in China’s Western Han Dynasty.2)Another explanation is that it came from an ancient sacrificial service, the purpose of which was to pray for rainfalls in order to ensure harvest. Bahe meant “pulling the river of heaven to make wa ter fall onto earth”, a belief that man could conquer the heaven. (P137)2. Translation:Section 1:民间工艺folk handicraft木版年画block-printed Chinese New Year Pictures装裱mounting彩印process printing勾线技法sketching techniques求福避祸bring good luck and avoid disasters 剪纸paper-cut门签gate labels心灵手巧a clever mind and nimble fingers 高手master-hands国际风筝都International Capital Of Kites潍坊风筝节Weifang Kite Festival龙头蜈蚣风筝dragon-headed centipede “尊龙”传统the tradition of dragon worship 刺绣作品embroidery article双面绣Double-faced embroidery纺车spinning wheel织机weaving machine麻织品时期flax fabric period民间纺织folk textile印染printing and dyeing蜡染wax-dyeing扎染tie-dyeing陶瓷ceramics/ pottery and porcelain兵马俑terra cotta warriors and horses青瓷blue porcelain白瓷white porcelain唐三彩tricolored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty五大名窑five kilns紫砂壶the boccaro teapot金银玉器gold, silver and jade wares金缕玉衣jade clothes sewn with gold thread 避邪anti-evil 玉佩jade pendent竹木藤器bamboo, wood and rattan work木雕wood carving柳编wickerwork草编straw-knitted work泥塑clay figure modelling面塑dough figure modeling生肖zodiac animals八仙the eight immortals西游记Pilgrimage to the WestSection 2&3:烟花爆竹firecrackers and fireworks闹花灯lantern show元宵节Lantern Festival/ Yuanxiao Festival 猜灯谜solving the puzzles on the lanterns踩高跷stilts-walking舞龙dragon lantern dance锣鼓drums and gongs舞狮lion dance跑旱船boating dance/ land-boat dance花鼓colored drum dance腰鼓waist drum dance精通十八般武艺skill in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons文臣武将men of letters and men of military capacity太极拳shadow boxing中国象棋Chinese chess龙舟竞渡the dragon-boat race拔河tug-of-war。
科技英语翻译-第6章
Chapter Six Translation of Prepositions
介词的翻译
介词是一种虚词，主要用来表示词与词之间的关系，在英语中 应用十分广泛。由于介词用在不同的地方，与不同的词搭配时 表示的意思截然不同。故介词的翻译往往会给译者带来许多麻 烦。
翻译英语介词最根本的原则是：一方面要认真理解和掌握介词 本身的含义，仔细地分析和确定介词在英语原文中的特定意义； 另一方面要在准确理解的基础上，用符合汉语习惯的方式，将 介词所含的特定意义准确地表达出来。
但也可以根据汉语表达需要灵活翻译。如： The axis about which the lever can turn is called the fulcrum. 杠杆绕之转动的轴称为支点。
Chapter Six Translation of Prepositions
介词的翻译
二、after的译法 1．表示时间、空间、顺序方面，译为“在…之后”。 2. 表示遵循、按照的意思，可以译为“按照”“依照”等。 For maximum precision, we can make the thermal measurements after his
call button.
每个电梯间的呼叫按钮上方有烟火探测器、
The grouping of molecules around a given molecule change continually.
牛津英语8A chapter6
From listening, we know that trees can help us to fight pollution. • Air pollution • Water pollution • Noise pollution
Trees are so important.
Do you think trees live shorter than people and animals? P78-A.1
4. Do exercise E on P81
1. R: We get some useful things from trees, don’t we ?
Yes wood and rubber M: ______ . Two examples are ___________ .
2. R: Is it true that trees do two main things to the air?
Yes cool it and M: _____. They ________. clean it.
3. R: I’ve heard that one tree has the power of 15 air conditioners. Is that right? M: ______. One tree has the power of _______. No 4. R: Scientists know a lot about trees, don’t they? only now M: _____. They are _______. beginning to No
True or False
( F ) 1. The pollution fighters are probably scientists. ( F ) 2. A few useful products come from trees. ( F ) 3. Trees produce harmful gases. ( T ) 4. Trees can pass information to one another.
Chapter 6英文曼昆宏观经济学-7版-讲义PPT-Principles_of_Macroeconomics-7e
Chapter Six
f U=sE
Number of people finding jobs Number of people loosing jobs
Steady-state unemployment rate From an earlier equation, we known that E = L – U, that is the number of employed equals the labor force minus the number of unemployed. If we substitute (L-U) for E in the steady-state condition, we find:
8
The government causes wage rigidity when it prevents wages from falling to equilibrium levels. Many economists and policymakers believe that tax credits are better than increases in the minimum wage—if the policy goal is to increase the incomes of the working poor. The earned income tax credit is an amount that poor working families are allowed to subtract from the taxes they owe.
Chapter Six
The unemployment resulting from wage rigidity and job rationing is called structural unemployment. Workers are unemployed not because they can’t find a job that best suits their skills, but rather, at the going wage, the supply of labor exceeds the demand. These workers are simply waiting for jobs to become available.
国际商务函电Chapter_six ppt课件
▪ enable sth.
使某事成为可能
Please amend the L/C immediately to enable October shipment.
请立即修改信用证以便十月装船。
➢国际商务函电 Chapter_six
4. make n. （工业）产品；制造方 法或式样
▪ Chinese makes 中国牌子的产品；中国货
• execution n 执行；履行
We believe you will do your utmost to execute our first order as it will lead to a series of transactions between us. 1) 我们认为你方会尽最大努力执行我方第一个
订货信分为： • 1.行文式：适合对单一商品的订购 • 2.列表式：适合对多种商品的订购 • 3.填写订货单 • 4. 填写购货确认书 • 订货信是对报盘信的答复，因而具备答复信的特点。
• 订单(order)是为了要求供应具体数量的货物而提 出的一种要求。它是对报盘或询盘后发出报价而 促成的结果。订单可以用信或印制好的订单、传 真或email来发送。订单的主要特点是正确和清楚。 订单或订购信函应：
1. 包含所定购货物的品质、规格、数量、价格以 及货号等
2. 说明包装方式、目的港以及装运期
3. 确认在初期洽谈时所同意的付款条件
Key Words & ➢acceptance ➢confirmation of order ➢sales contract ➢purchase contract ➢sales confirmation ➢purchase confirmation ➢sign ➢signature ➢counter-signature
《摘金奇缘(2018)》完整中英文对照剧本
拜托我是科林的伴郎
Come on, I'm Colin's best man.
你不想去看看我长大的地方吗
Don't you wanna see where I grew up?
见见我的家人我的阿嬷
Meet my family, my Ah Ma?
别忘了你们关于条件概率的小论文
Don't forget your essays on conditional probability
下周截止
are due next week.
纽约
太棒了
Yes! Mmm-hmm.
你知道吗你可以点你自己的
You know what? You can order your own.
Get a mop.
摘金奇缘
全压
I'm ang?
原来你一直什么都没有
This whole time you had nothing?
好了那么
All right, so
我是怎么把柯蒂斯助教打得落花流水的呢
how did I beat T.A. Curtis so very, very badly?
再去见见你那个奇怪的大学舍友
And meet up with that strange college roommate of yours.
林佩
Peik Lin.
-林佩-她一直求我
- Mmm-hmm. Peik Lin. - She has been begging me
去看看她呢
to come visit her, you know.
《福尔摩斯探案集》阅读思考题参考答案和梗概范文
Level 4 Sherlock Holmes< Answer Key >Silver BlazeChapter 1Preview questions1.I have heard of Sherlock Holmes. He is famous for being an excellent detective.2.I do not know any detectives in real life, but I read a book about a girl detective called Nancy Drew.3.I think Silver Blaze is the name of a thoroughbred racing horse.Review questions1.Colonel Ross, a rich man who owns King’s Pyland farm, owns Silver Blaze.2.Dr. Watson found out that John Straker was murdered when he read it in the newspaper.3.John Straker was responsible for looking after Silver Blaze. He also trained it and exercised it.Chapter 2Preview questions1.I think the curry dinner will be important because it will provide Sherlock Holmes with a clue towardsolving the mystery.2.At King’s Py land, I think Watson and Holmes will find some clues about what happened to SilverBlaze.3.I think in this chapter, Holmes and Watson will talk to Colonel Ross and Edith Baxter, in order to findout what happened to Silver Blaze.Review questions1.Edith did not like the look of the man who talked to her because his face was white and he was verynervous. Also he took an envelope from his pocket and offered her money if she would give it to Ned Hunter.2.When Ned found out about the man, he shouted at the man and undid the rope that tied up his dog. Heset the dog on the man.3.John Straker couldn’t sleep because he was worried that something was going to happen to SilverBlaze.1Chapter 3Preview questions1.The title does give a clue about what will happen in the chapter. It tells me there will be a murder inthis chapter.2.I think John Straker will be murdered.3.In this chapter, I think Holmes will tell about a how John Straker was murdered.Review questions1.Watson thought the man had put a drug into Ned Hunter’s cur ry dinner.2.Holmes thought Inspector Gregory was a good detective, but did not have much imagination.3.The evidence against Fitzroy Simpson included the fact that he had lost a lot of money betting onhorses, he was interested in another horse that was Silve r Blaze’s main rival, he owned a heavy stick, and his coat was wet from the rain.Chapter 4Preview questions1.I think the murderer’s blood is on the knife.2.I do not think Fitzroy Sim pson is the murderer because I don’t think his blood will be found on th eknife in John Straker’s hand.3.I think Holmes will go to King’s Pyland farm in this chapter.Review questions1.Holmes did not believe Fitzroy Simpson had murdered John Straker because there were manyquestions about Simpson’s involvement in the case that h ad no good answer.2.Inspector Gregory asked Watson about the special knife because he thought it was a special kind ofknife, one that a doctor might need.3.The bills for Mr. Darbyshire were sent to King’s Pyland because Mr. Darbyshire was a friend of JohnStraker, and sometimes had letters for him sent to the Straker house.Chapter 521.I think there are binoculars i n Inspector Gregory’s bag.2.I do not believe Fitzroy Simpson murdered John Straker because there are many things aboutSimpson’s involvement in the murder that can not be explained.3.In this chapter, I think Mrs. Straker will talk to Sherlock Holmes about what she thinks happened toher husband.Review questions1.The fact that there was no wind on the night of the murder is important because that meant it could nothave been wind that blew the coat into the bush. Someone must have put it there.2.The missing horse was called Silver Blaze because of a white mark on its face, between the eyes.3.Holmes thought Silver Blaze is still near because horses like to be with other horses, and it was toofamous to sell.Chapter 6Preview questions1.I think the footprints will lead to Capleton Farm.2.There were two sets of footprints because there were two horses. I think the second set of footprintsbelongs to Silver Blaze’s main rival, Desborough.3.I think Holmes and Watson are going to Capleton Farm.Review questions1.Holmes and Watson went to Capleton Farm because the horse footprints led them there.2.Dr. Watson had to wait about twenty minutes while Sherlock Holmes talked to Silas Brown.3.Watson thought Holmes was not interested in solving the murder because Holmes said they wouldreturn on the train to London that night.Chapter 731.I think Holmes will have some fun with the Colonel by pretending he does not know where SilverBlaze is.2.I think Holmes will ask Inspector Gregory for a pair of binoculars, because Watson forgot to bring his.3.I think Holmes will prove that Silas Brown was the person who stole Silver Blaze and murdered JohnStraker.Review questions1.The sheep were not able to walk properly. Ned thought they had injured their legs.2.The colonel was puzzled because his horse wasn’t listed as one of the runners, and the jockey he choseto ride Silver Blaze was riding a big black horse.3.Silver Blaze’s face had been painted black so no one would recognize him.Chapter 8Preview questions1.I think the murderer is Silas Brown.2.I think this person murdered Mr. Straker because Mr. Straker tried to stop him from stealing SilverBlaze.3.I think the colonel will be very happy that his horse won and the murder has been solved.Review questions1.The scarf was significant because John Straker was going to use it to tie around the leg he was goingto cut on Silver Blaze.2.Straker needed money because he was heavily in debt. He was in debt because he kept a fashionablewife in London as well as his wife at King’s Pyland farm.3.The curious thing about the dog was that it did not bark when the man stole the horse. Holmesconcluded the dog must have known the person who stole the horse.4The Speckled BandChapter 1Preview questions1.I think a ‘speckled band’ is a strip of dots on a person’s skin.2.I think Holmes likes to solve all types of mysteries, but he likes the interesting and difficult mysteriesbest.3.I think Dr. Watson will help Mr. Holmes solve the mystery.Review questions1.Sherlock Holmes thought that the case was serious because the young woman visited so early.2.Holmes surprised the young woman when he knew she had had a long drive in a dog-cart alongmuddy roads before she got to the station to catch an early train.3.The young woman found out about Sherlock Holmes when she read about him in the newspaper.Chapter 2Preview questions1.I think the woman is so afraid because she thinks someone wants to kill her.2.I think this will be a murder mystery.3.I think Holmes will help her by traveling with her to her home and finding out who wants to kill her. Review questions1.I think Dr. Grimesby Roylott is a violent man. I know this because he had to go to jail for beating aman to death.2.When Helen Stoner’s twin sister told her stepfather that she was g etting married, nothing happened atfirst, but a fortnight before the wedding something strange happened.3.Helen Stoner didn’t hear the whistle because she slept more deeply than her sister.5Chapter 3Preview questions1.I think Julia Stoner was murdered by Dr. Roylott.2.I think the sisters always locked their doors at night because they were scared of Dr. Roylott’s animals.3.I think Dr. Roylott will act very violently and kill Julia Stoner.Review questions1. A burnt match and a matchbox were found in the hands of the dead woman.2.We know that Helen’s sister died alone because her bedroom door was locked.3.Dr. Watson knew that Holmes did not think the gypsies were involv ed in Julia’s death because he sawSherlock Holmes shake his head.Chapter 4Preview questions1.I do not think Miss Stoner is protecting her stepfather because he was a violent man who was not kindto Helen Stoner or her sister.2.I think Helen Stoner will get married.3.I think Holmes will say that Miss Stoner’s story is very interesting and agree to take the case.Review questions1.Miss Stoner had to sleep in her d ead sister’s bedroom because building work was started next to herown room, and there was a hole in her bedroom wall.2.It would be safe for Holmes and Watson to visit Dr. Roylott’s house because Dr. Roylott was away forthe day.3.Holmes thinks the ‘clang’ sound was made by an iron lock being opened.Chapter 561.I think Dr. Roylott visits Sherlock Holmes because he wanted to warn Sherlock Holmes to stay awayfrom him and his stepdaughter.2.I think Dr. Roylott will punch Sherlock Holmes in order to prove he is a very strong man.3.I think Holmes asks Watson to take a gun with him when they visit Miss Stoner.Review questions1.Dr. Roylott accuses Holmes of changing the subject because Holmes refused to tell him what HelenStoner had said.2.Holmes proves that he is as strong as Dr. Roylott by picking up the poker and bending it straight again.3.Dr. Roylott said he wanted to do some repairs to her room in order to get Helen Stoner to changerooms.Chapter 6Preview questions1.I think Holmes and Watson will find animal hairs in the rooms.2.I thi nk the fake bell rope is for Dr. Roylott’s animals to pla y on.3.I think Dr. Roylott will return to the house when Holmes and Watson are looking around at thebedrooms.Review questions1.The ventilator was put in at the same time as the fake bell rope, about two years earlier.2.Holmes thinks that Dr. Roylott may have a cat as a pet because there was a saucer of milk on top ofthe safe.3.When she hears Dr. Roylott go to bed, Helen Stoner must open her windows and unlock the shutters,leave a lamp on in the window, and go and sleep in another room.Chapter 771.I think the title refers to an animal or insect biting a person a killing them.2.I think the bell rope and ventilator would be used for Dr. Roylott to spy on Helen Stoner and kill her.3.Holmes and Watson will catch Dr. Roylott trying to kill Helen Stoner.Review questions1.The sound the two men heard that made Holmes use his cane was a hissing sound.2.The leash had a loop at the end because it was used for holding a snake.3.Sherlock Holmes is not sorry he caused the death of Dr. Roylott because he thinks Dr. Roylott was avery evil man.The Engineer’s ThumbChapter 1Preview questions1.An engineer is a person who knows how to design, build, or operate machinery.2.I think Watson no longer lived with Holmes because Watson had got married.3.I think this story will be about an engineer getting his thumb cut off by a big machine.Review questions1.Dr. Watson quickly washed and got dressed when he learned that his patient had come fromPaddington Station because he knew from experience that cases to do with railway workers were often serious.2.Dr. Watson gave Mr. Hatherly some brandy and water to make him feel better.3.Mr. Hatherly wanted to go to the police because he thought the men who cut off his thumb meant tomurder him.Chapter 281.I think Mr. Hatherly will want to visit Sherlock Holmes because he thinks Holmes might be able tosolve the mystery and help him.2.I think Holmes will help Mr. Hatherly by visiting the place where Mr. Hatherly’s accident happened.3.I think the “evil men” mentioned earlier by Mr. Hatherly will not be in this chapter, because afterreading the title of this chapter, I think it will be about Mr. Hatherly’s visit to Sherlock Holmes. Review questions1.Sherlock Holmes was dressed in his dressing gown when Dr. Watson and his patient arrived.2.Colonel Stark suddenly walked to the door and opened it because he wanted to be sure nobody waslistening to his conversation with Mr. Hatherly.3.Colonel Stark wanted Mr. Hatherly to go to Eyford because he wanted Mr. Hatherly to tell him whatwas wrong with a hydraulic stamping machine that was not working properly.Chapter 3Preview questions1.I think Colonel Stark wants Mr. Hatherly to go so late at night so that everybody will be sleeping andhe won’t be seen.2.I do not think Colonel Stark can be trusted because he acted so secretively and asked so many strangequestions.3.In this chapter, I think Hatherly will go to Eyford and see the hydraulic stamping machine.Review questions1.Colonel Stark said he had the hydraulic press because he was using it to press a valuable mineral intobricks.2.One horse pulled the carriage.3.Mr. Hatherly couldn’t see much outsi de of the house because it was very dark and they were in such ahurry.9Chapter 4Preview questions1.The books on the table were written in the same language the young lady spoke. I think that languageis German.2.I think the woman will try to persuade Hatherly to leave the house immediately.3.I think the machine has an electrical problem.Review questions1.Hatherly said he opened the door because he was hot and needed some air.2.The floor of the machine was made of metal.3.Hatherly was angry because the colonel had deceived him about what the machine was used for.Chapter 5Preview questions1.I think Hatherly will be trapped by the hydraulic press.2.I think the young woman will help Hatherly.3.I think Hatherly will be trapped and injured in this chapter.Review questions1.When he could not stand up in the hydraulic press, Hatherly crawled through a gap between twoplanks of wood.2.The woman said jumping out a high window was Hatherly’s only chance.3.Colonel Stark wanted Hatherly dead because he thought Hatherly had seen too much.Chapter 6101.I think when Hatherly regains consciousness, he will be at the Eyford train station.2.I think Colonel Stark’s carriage took him there.3.I think Colonel Stark will go to the police and accuse Hatherly of being a robber.Review questions1.Hatherly woke up at dawn.2.Holmes said Mr. Hatherly was lucky because Colonel Stark was very dangerous and could easily havemurdered Mr. Hatherly.3.The inspector thinks the drive Mr. Hatherly took was about ten miles because Mr. Hatherly said it wasat least an hour’s drive.Chapter 7Preview questions1.I think the house is to the north of the station.2.I think the house will catch fire because Sherlock Holmes drops his pipe during a fight with ColonelStark.3.The people in the house have been murdering people with the hydraulic press.Review questions1.Dr. Becher owned the house that caught fire.2.The firemen were puzzled because there was a hydraulic press in the house, and a human thumb.3.Hatherly was carried back to the railway station, as the station was very close to the house.The Empty HouseChapter 1111.I think Sherlock Holmes is a very intelligent and interesting person.2.I think this mystery will be about strange things happening in an empty house.3.This story happens four years after the mystery about Silver Blaze.Review questions1.Ronald Adair liked to play cards and was a member of several card clubs.2.Ronal d Adair’s mother and sister went to his room because they wanted to say good night to him.3.Ronald Adair was murdered by being shot in the head.Chapter 2Preview questions1.I think the title means that Sherlock Holmes will come into the story.2.I think Wats on will go to Ronald Adair’s house and look for clues in his bedroom.3.The connection between Ronald Adair and Sherlock Holmes is that they both know Colonel Moran. Review questions1.Holmes wanted people to think he was dead so that his enemies would leave him alone.2.Two members of the Moriarty gang had escaped.3.Dr. Watson’s wife had died.Chapter 3Preview questions1.Watson thinks they are going to the Baker Street house to talk about the case.2.The people that know Holmes is still alive are his brother Mycroft, and the man who tried to kill himon the cliff path.123.Mrs. Hudson moves the dummy every fifteen minutes.Review questions1.Holmes knows that people have been watching 221B Baker Street because he saw one of their spiesthat morning.2.Watson begins to be suspicious of the walking stick when he put it on the floor, and it made a noisethat sounded like metal not wood.3.Holmes calls for help from the police by blowing a whistle.Chapter 4Preview questions1.I think the remaining member of Moriarty’s gang has been trying to kill Holmes.2.I think this man does have something to do with the Park Lane mystery.3.Colonel Moran’s special ability is shooting a rifle.Review questions1.Holmes suspected Colonel Moran of being the murderer of Adair because he knew Colonel Moranwas one of the best rifle shots in the world.2.The gun that Colonel Moran used was interesting because it was an air rifle made from a walking stick.3.Ronald Adair was killed by Colonel Moran, who shot him with an air gun through an open window.< Summaries >Silver BlazeChapter One.Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes, the well known detective, shared a house in London. Dr. Watson kept a diary of their adventures together. This adventure is about a stolen horse.13Chapter TwoWhile they were traveling on the train Holmes told Dr. Watson the facts about murder of John Straker. Edith Baxter had been taking Ned his curry supper. Ned was guarding the horse Silver blaze in his stable. On her way to the stable Edith was surprised by an evil looking man who offered her money if he could talk to Ned. Edith ran away from the man to the stable and told Ned what had happened. Ned got his friends to tell John Straker what had occurred. Mr. Straker was worried and got up early to check that everything was alright.Chapter ThreeHolmes and Watson continued their journey. We learned of the discovery of John Straker’s body. He was killed by a blow to the head and there was a cut on his leg. Watson thought the curry supper might have been drugged. The policeman in charge of the case was Inspector Gregory. He had arrested Fitzroy Simpson, whose scarf was found in the dead man’s hand. Edith and Ned both recognized the scarf as belonging to the evil-looking man.Chapter Four.Holmes and Watson arrived at the country station. They were met by the police inspector and Colonel Ross, the owner of Silver Blaze. They were shown the body of John Straker.Chapter FiveHolmes inspected the scene of the crime and found some important clues. Because it had been raining on the night of the murder there we re a horse’s foot prints in the damp soil. Holmes and Watson follow ed the hoof prints and discovered the foot prints of a second horse.Chapter Six.Holmes and Watson followed the footprints to Capleton farm and met Silas Brown. At first Brown was very angry but Holmes said something that changed him into someone friendly. Watson was amazed when Holmes said he was going back to London.14Chapter SevenSherlock Holmes surprised everyone by leaving Kings Pyland. The Colonel’s horse won the big race. Holmes told Colonel Ross to wash the face of the winning horse!Chapter EightHolmes shocked the Colonel and Watson by telling them who murdered John Straker. It was not who they thought! John Straker was a bad man who needed money because he was in debt. He hoped to make a lot of money on the race by cheating.The Speckled BandChapter OneSherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were woken up early by a young woman in trouble. Her story was one of the strangest in Dr. W atson’s d iary. The young woman was very frightened, Sherlock Holmes promised to help her. Holmes surprised the young woman by appearing to know so much about her recent movements. Holmes explained that he could tell things by looking carefully at her clothing and what she was holding in her hand.Chapter TwoDr. Grimesby Roylott had worked in India where he developed a liking for strange pets. He had married Helen Stoner’s mother. The marriage made him rich and he moved back to England to live in a big old house. However, there was a mysterious death in the house which appeared to have something to do with a strange whistle.Chapter Three15Helen Stoner’s sister die d a horrible death. A court investigation couldn’t find out how she had died, but Helen Stoner thought her twin had died of fright. The last words Julia Stoner spoke to her sister were very mysterious, she talked of a “speckled band” and then died. There were some gypsies camped nearby and Helen thought they may have had something to do with the death.Chapter FourHelen told Holmes and Watson that she was planning to marry in the spring. Her stepfather took the news calmly, but then began building work in her room, so she had to sleep in her sister’s old room. Holmes wa s able to determine that Dr. Roylott had been violent with her. After Helen left, Holmes and Watson discussed the case.Chapter FiveDr. Grimesby Roylott visits Holmes and Watson. He is very angry warns them not to listen to his stepdaughter. He threatens them and shows off his strength. Holmes and Watson travel to the old house to meet Helen Stoner and look for clues.Chapter SixSherlock Holmes found many strange things in the old house. He worked out a plan. Dr. Watson and he would stay the night in Helen Stoner’s bedroom to see if they could solve the mystery. Holmes and Watson stayed in a hotel near the old house until it was dark. Helen Stoner agreed to the plan to leave a window open and to light a lamp when it was safe for the two friends to climb in.Chapter SevenHolmes and Watson waited at the hotel for the lamp to be lit. In the garden outside the old house they got a big surprise! They got inside the house and waited for a long time. At three o’clock in the morning they hear d a strange noise and Holmes jumped into action. There was the sound of the strange whistle, then a terrible scream and Doctor Roylott was found dead. Holmes and Watson discovered the horrible truth about the“s peckled band.”16The Engineer’s ThumbChapter OneDr. Watson, who no longer lived in the same house Sherlock Holmes, was awoken to find a new patient waiting for him. A young man had had a terrible experience during the night and needed a doctor and a detective. Dr. Watson looked after the man’s injured hand and discover ed that his name was Mr. Victor Hatherly and that he was an engineer. The man believed that someone was trying to murder him.Chapter TwoDr. Watson took his patient to meet Sherlock Holmes. The hydraulic engineer told Holmes about a man called Colonel Lysander Stark who visited him yesterday. He asked Hatherly some very strange questions and made him promise not to tell anyone about his visit or the work he was being asked to do. Mr. Hatherly promised. Colonel Stark said that he will pay a lot of money for one night’s work.Chapter ThreeMr. Hatherly asked about the work he had to do. He was told that the machine he was to look at was used in helping to mine a very valuable mineral. He traveled at night by train into the country to see the machine.Chapter FourA frightened woman tried to warn Mr. Hatherly that he was in danger. Hatherly was shown the machine and could quickly tell why it was not working properly. He realized he had been tricked and was very angry.Chapter FiveHatherly was trapped inside the machine and it looked as though he would be killed. Just before he was about to be crushed the frightened woman helped him escape. During his escape he was attacked by Colonel Stark with an axe. The colonel chopped off Hatherly’s thumb.17Chapter SixHatherly was unconscious but when he recovered was amazed to find himself at Eyford Station. Holmes found an important clue in a newspaper article written about a year earlier. Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, Mr. Hatherly, and the police traveled back to Eyford Station. With the help of a map they tried to find the house where Hatherly was almost murdered.Chapter SevenHolmes surprised everyone by telling them where the house that Mr. Hatherly was taken to was. Mr. Hatherly found out the real reason for the press. Local firemen were surprised to find a human thumb and the mystery of how Hatherly got back to Eyford Station was solved.The Empty HouseChapter OneDr. Watson thought that Sherlock Holmes was dead. Because of his close friendship with the great detective, Dr. Watson continued to take an interest in the crimes reported in the newspaper. He tried to solve them in the way that Sherlock Holmes would have done. In this story, Watson began to tell us of the murder of Ronald Adair. He was a young man who liked to play cards and gamble for large sums of money.Chapter TwoDr. Watson investigated the crime scene at Park Lane but could not solve the crime. While there, he accidentally met a strange old bookseller who later came to Watson’s house. Watson wa s shocked to find that the old bookseller was none other than his old friend Sherlock Holmes! Holmes told Watson how he cheated death and had been travelling the world for nearly three years.Chapter ThreeHolmes had more surprises for Watson when he took him to an empty house opposite of 221B Baker Street. Once inside, Watson was amazed to see what looked like Sherlock Holmes moving about in the rooms where18they used to live. Suddenly a man entered the dark room in which Holmes and Watson were waiting. He carried a false walking stick which is really a gun and shot the model of Sherlock Holmes.Chapter FourHolmes and Watson caught Colonel Moran and handed him over to Inspector Lestrade of the London police. Lestrade wanted to accuse Colonel Moran of trying to murder Sherlock Holmes but Holmes surprised everyone by telling the inspector that he had caught the killer of Ronald Adair. Holmes and Watson returned to their old home where Watson saw the model of Sherlock Holmes which was used to trick Colonel Moran. They also found the special bullet that was fired from an air rifle at the dummy of Sherlock Holmes.19。
Chapter six Phonetics
Places of articulation
Valars
[k] [g] [ŋ]. Another class of sounds is produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum. Uvulars [R] [q] [G]. Uvular sounds are produced by raising the
back of the tongue to the uvula.
Glottals[h]
[?].
Voiced and voiceless sounds.
If
the vocal tracts are apart when speaking, air flows freely through the glottis into the oral cavity, sounds produced in this way are voiceless. If the vocal tract are together, the airstream forces its way through and causes them to vibrate, such sounds are voiced.
International Phonetics Alphabet
Speech organs
Speech organs: those parts of human body involved in the production of speech, also known as ‘vocal organs’.
Identity of speech sounds
机电工程专业英语（第二版）（可编辑）
机电工程专业英语（第二版）CatalogChapter One Chapter TwoChapter Three Chapter FourChapter Five Chapter SixChapter Seven Chapter EightChapter One Fundamentals of Mechanical EngineeringLesson 1 Properties of MaterialsLesson 2 Classification of SteelsLesson 3 Heat TreatmentLesson 4 Types of GearLesson 5 Rolling-Typedensity [ 5densiti ]n.密度, 比重specific heat 比热coefficient [ kEui5fiFEnt ]n.系数conductivity [ 7kCndQk5tiviti ]n.传导性, 传导率Lesson 1-1melt [ melt ]v.使融化, 使熔化, 使软化ductility [ dQk5tiliti ]n.展延性, 柔软性toughness [ 5tQfnis ] n.韧性, 坚韧abrasion [ E5breiVEn ]n.磨损girder [ 5^E:dE ] n.桁架, 大,纵,横梁armor [ 5B:mE ]n.装甲bumper [ 5bQmpE ] n.缓冲器,减震器stamp [ stAmp ]n.邮票, 印, 图章 v. 压印, 冲压penetration [ peni5treiFEn ] n.穿过, 渗透, 突破fender [ 5fendE ]n.防卫物, 挡泥板mill [ mil ] n.磨粉机, 磨床,工厂vt.碾磨Lesson 1-11.be distinguished fromThe true is to be distinguished from the false 真假必须辨明。
跨文化商务沟通 Chapter 6
business card) Protocols in business workplace (telephone and e-
Moreover, the professional image requires the design to be concise and information-oriented, which means the blackand-white color is preferred.
6.2.1 Etiquette in Initiating Business Credential
While protocol is the customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic etiquette and courtesies expected in official dealings, like contacting and negotiations with persons in various cultures (Chaney & Martin, 2002).
2) Exchanging of Business Card As for exchanging business card, you should master the
appropriate time and graceful etiquette about how to do it. Firstly, when to exchange business card When someone asks for it or you are engaged in a
数据仓库 Chapter 6 需求-数据仓库的驱动力
所有的规划都基于：商业需求
§6.2 体系结构规划
体系结构规划组成部分的构成
规划体系结构包括决定每一个组成部分的规模大小和内容。 需求定义中必须包含的信息类型
源数据
操作型元数据 计算机平台、OS、数据库、文件 内部数据 外部数据源
数据准备
数据源和数据准备区数据结构之间的数据映射 ETCL 数据整合
§6.3 数据存储规范
存储规模的估计
商业需求必须有足够的信息回答存储规模的大小。
数据准备区：根据商业主题的源系统数据结构的大小，估计
数据模型中，必须突出反映用户分析商业指标时使用的商业维度 数据包表中的合适的维度和正确的内容非常重要 Example：数据模型中的商业维度
信息主题：汽车制造商的销售
维度 维 度 数 据 模 型 时间 年 产品 名称 付款 贷款 客户 Age Sex 经销商 名称 City Provience 事实：实际销售价格、受益、贷款
数据抽取和转换 数据抽取、转换、质量保证 仓库存储 数据集市 元数据 信息访问、传递 报表生成器 查询处理器 OLAP 报警系统 DSS 数据挖掘
Chapter Six 需求－数据仓库的驱动力
Contents
数据设计 体系结构规划 数据存储规范 信息传递策略
如果工具来自于不同的开发商，则这些工具的应用前提 失必须是开放的，必须和前、后端工具是兼容的。
数据准备区 每个统一的数据集市 OLAP需要的多维数据库
§6.3 数据存储规范
数据库管理系统的选择
用户的经验程度 查询的类型 开放性 数据载入 元数据管理 数据存储库位置 数据仓库的发展
中国企业的国际化战略
国际竞争力的跨国企业集团
整体发展
持续重组
Байду номын сангаас
低成本发展
技术创新
跨国经营
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
三、海尔集团国际化战略
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
第二节
企业国际化战略概述
一、企业国际化战略的定义
在本国（母国）市场以外 的区域销售公司产品。
谢谢大家与我们一起在
企业战略管理
课中度过的充满激情与理性的时光!
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
二、企业国际化的动力
追求扩大的市场规模
追求更高的投资回报
追求规模效应与学习效应 追求动态区位优势
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
三、企业国际化战略
1、业务层国际化战略 国际化成本领先战略
国际差异化战略 国际集中战略
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
2、公司层国际化战略 国际本土化战略 全球化战略 跨国战略：
思考全球化，行动本土化
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
四、国际市场进入方式
出口 许可协议 战略联盟 兼并与收购： 资本运作 直接投资（FDI）： 全资子公司
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
Chapter six
第 六 章
Globalization Strategies
企业国际化经营战略
CHAPTER SIX 第六章 企业国际化战略
第一节
中国企业的国际化战略
语言学课件Chapter 6 Pragmatics
e.g. My bag is heavy.
Semantic analysis: BAG ( BEING HEAVY)
Pragmatic analysis: a statement; an indirect, polite request; a refusal
Utterance meaning is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.
话语是句子意义与语境的结合，是句子意 义在特定语境中的具体化，体现了说话人 的意g is much richer than sentence meaning.
It varies with the context in which the sentence is used.
Context consists of the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
It includes the knowledge of the language they use, and the knowledge about the world, which can be subdivided into the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which communication is taking place.
1) The room is messy.
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Samples were sent airmail last week. We have duly received your airmail samples. 3.Cover Our business lines cover a wide range of articles. The rules cover all possible cases. They have to cover their short positions. We would like to open an irrevocable L/C to cover the goods we ordered. The goods are to be covered against all risks.
Chapter Six Conclusion of Business
Learning objectives
Contents of letters of such kind Language points-words, expressions and sentences
Lead-in Activity:
The Inspection Certificate covering this shipment states clearly that the goods were in sound condition when shipped. We enclose our Sales Contract No.66 covering this transaction. We have shipped on board s.s “Daqing” 2500 pairs of rubber shoes covered by your L/C No.235.
Please fax marks and destination. Your last shipment was somewhat below the mark. 3. Order sheet (订单 订单) 订单 Place / file / grant / favour / make / send / pass an order for sth with sb. 4. Note Please take good note of the above. The matter is worthy of note. Please note down all the details. Please note that we don’t have much ready stock on hand.
Closing sentences We are pleased to conclude the initial transaction with you and look forward to the further expansion of our trade to our mutual benefit. Please note that as these goods are urgently needed here, we should be grateful if you could dispatch the goods as soon as possible. we appreciate your cooperation and look forward to receiving from you further orders.
Other requirements As we are in urgent need of the goods, you are requested to effect shipment during May as promised in your offer. Please note that the goods are required to reach us regularly from May. Please have the goods carefully examined before shipment, we பைடு நூலகம்ely on your special attention on this.
Placing an order We have pleasure in making / placing / sending an order of the following goods with you. We have pleasure in ordering the goods as follows. Please send / supply / arrange to deliver us the following goods mentioned in your quotation.
Specimen Letter (4)
1. Lot (一批货 ) 一批货 This is the only lot available and others are after it. The goods are to be shipped in three lots of 20 tons each on separate bills of lading. 2. Mark Please mark the case as per the drawing given. Mark down the number of packages that are discharged into the lighter.
Specimen Letter (1)
1. allow Please amend your L/C No.123 to read “partial shipment and transhipment are allowed”. This is already the lowest price, we cannot allow any discount on this item. 2. 5000 or more P147 金额 数量的表示方法 金额/数量的表示方法
Q: do we have to sign the contract when we close a deal? Explain the reasons. 1. As a proof of the transaction 2. Avoid unnecessary disputes 3. Provide the basis for executing the transaction.
Enclosed are our two copies of Sale Confirmation No.234 . Please send back one copy duly countersigned. We attach hereto our purchase Contract No.236 in duplicate with our signature. Please countersign and return one copy for our file as soon as possible.
Contents of letters of such kind
1.Confirm the offer / counter-offer and state your acceptance. 2. Details of the terms and conditions about the transaction. Or Sending contract and asking for a copy for records. 3.Other specific requirements.
3.Dispatch(等同于 等同于despatch) 等同于 Please hasten the dispatch of our Order No.123 because the goods are urgently needed. Please do your best to dispatch the shipment. Please act with dispatch. Dispatch money has been paid according to the stipulated rate of $×× ××per running day. ××
3. Relative （有关的、关于） 有关的、关于） We have not yet received your relative L/C until now. We would like to confirm the order of Apr. 4 relative to Children’s Bicycle. 4. Amendment (修改、修改书 修改、 修改 修改书) Please rush the amendment to the L/C. Enclosed please find the amendment advice of L/C No.69.
Sending contract Enclosed please find our Order No.03 in duplicate, one of which please sign and return for our file. We enclose herewith our Sale Confirmation No.234 in duplicate. Please sign and return one copy to us for records. We are handing / sending you our Sale Confirmation No.234 with the request that you will sign and return to us the duplicate as soon as possible.
Useful sentences
Opening sentences Thank you for your quotation / product presentation / product booklets / the visit of your representative of Apr. 10. Further to our telephone / fax / e-mail this morning, we would like to confirm details of the order which we discussed.