广西医科大学病理学2019年考博真题考博试卷
博士病理生理学试题及答案
博士病理生理学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 病理生理学是研究什么的科学？A. 正常生理功能B. 疾病的病因和发病机制C. 疾病的预防和治疗D. 疾病的诊断方法答案：B2. 细胞凋亡与哪种病理生理过程有关？A. 肿瘤形成B. 炎症反应C. 组织修复D. 细胞老化答案：A3. 炎症反应中，哪种细胞是主要的效应细胞？A. 红细胞B. 淋巴细胞C. 巨噬细胞D. 血小板答案：C4. 以下哪项不是病理生理学研究的内容？A. 细胞损伤B. 细胞死亡C. 细胞分裂D. 细胞再生答案：C5. 病理生理学中的“应激反应”是指什么？A. 身体对外界刺激的适应性反应B. 身体对疾病状态的防御性反应C. 身体对感染的免疫反应D. 身体对药物的代谢反应答案：A二、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1. 病理生理学是医学的一个分支，主要研究疾病的病因、发病机制和转归。
（对）2. 病理生理学与临床病理学是同一概念。
（错）3. 细胞凋亡是一种病理性死亡过程。
（错）4. 炎症是机体对损伤因子的一种防御性反应。
（对）5. 病理生理学研究的重点是疾病的预防和治疗。
（错）三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. 简述病理生理学的主要研究内容。
答案：病理生理学主要研究疾病的发生、发展过程，包括病因、发病机制、病理变化以及机体对疾病的反应和适应。
2. 描述细胞凋亡与细胞坏死的区别。
答案：细胞凋亡是一种程序化的细胞死亡过程，通常没有炎症反应，是机体正常生理过程的一部分。
而细胞坏死是非程序化的，通常由于外界因素如缺氧、感染等引起，伴随炎症反应。
3. 炎症反应的四个主要表现是什么？答案：炎症反应的四个主要表现是红、肿、热、痛。
4. 什么是病理性应激反应？它在疾病中的作用是什么？答案：病理性应激反应是机体在疾病状态下对内外环境变化的适应性反应。
它有助于机体抵抗损伤，但过度或不适当的应激反应可能导致疾病的发展和恶化。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述病理生理学在临床诊断和治疗中的重要性。
2019医学考博英语真题电子版
2019医学考博英语真题电子版part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B, C D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.appetite2.purition(水净化步骤)3.gratitude(感激烈士牺牲做贡献)4.surveyed(调查一堆人)5.futile(没有用)6.accidental7.vulnerable8.likewise9.in turn10.turn toSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.disaster(灾难)2.malformation(畸形)3.increased4.immerse(好像是什么腿肿了浸泡在冰里)5.restrain6.Maintenance (保养维修什么东西)7.inactive8.tedious(好像是什么)monotonous(单调的乏味的)9.apparent(明显的划线的词是)distinct10.slender(说的女性什么追求苗条划线词是slim)。
广西医科大学病理生理学2012--2013,2016--2019年考博真题
广西医科大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.应激原 2.肝性脑病 3.循环性缺氧 4.DIC 5.真性分流 二、简答题 1.钙超载在缺血再灌注损伤的机制。 2.休克初期腹腔及皮肤血管收缩的机制。 3.肺通气血流不足、弥散障碍引起呼吸衰竭的病因和机制，血气变化？ 三、问答题 1.右心衰竭体循环淤血的临床表现和机制。 2.自由基在缺血再灌注损伤的机制。 3.滤过分数？何时升高？如何致水钠潴留？
第1页 共1页
广西医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释（共5个）： 1.钙超载 2.尿毒症 3.水中毒 4.混合性酸碱平衡紊乱 5.外源性致热源 二、简答题（共3个小题）： 1.低渗性脱水尿量有何改变？ 2.慢性肾功能衰竭时钾离子有何代谢紊乱？ 3.酸中毒对心泵功能的影响是什么？ 三、论述题（共3个小题）： 1.输入大量库存血所致缺氧与贫血性缺氧机制有何不同。 2.心脏衰竭时机体如何代偿及其代偿的调控机制。 3.DIC血液高凝的机制。
第1页 共1页
第1页 共1页
广西医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（3分*5题） 1，组织性缺氧 在组织供氧正常的情况下，由各种原因引起的组织利用氧的能力降低所致的缺氧 ，称为组织性缺氧。 2，心源性休克 大面积急性心肌梗死，急性心肌炎，心脏压塞及严重的心律紊乱（房颤或室颤）， 引起的心排血量急剧减少，有效循环血量和灌流量显著下降，称为心源性休克。 3，晶体渗透压 4，脱水热 5，慢性肾功能衰竭
广西医科大学考博真题
广西医科大学考博真题一、选择题1.在细胞分裂的过程中，下列哪个阶段发生了交叉互换？A. 同源染色体分离B. 转录前RNA加工C. 重附着D. 遗传重组正确答案：D解析：遗传重组包括同源染色体的交配（二倍体细胞的减数分裂中）和交换。
答案排除了同源染色体分离（答案A）、转录前RNA 加工（答案B）和重附着（答案C），因此答案为D。
2.抗原的特征不包括哪一个？A. 能导致免疫反应B. 有特异性C. 对致病微生物有保护作用D. 由细菌、病毒等微生物产生正确答案：D解析：抗原是引起免疫反应的物质，具有特异性，能够识别和结合特定的抗原受体，对致病微生物有保护作用。
答案排除了由细菌、病毒等微生物产生（答案D），因此答案为D。
3.抗生素对细胞壁的作用不包括哪一项？A. 拦截底物B. 破坏细胞壁合成C. 抑制酰基载体蛋白D. 阻断跨膜电子传递正确答案：D解析：抗生素对细胞壁的作用主要包括拦截底物、破坏细胞壁合成和抑制酰基载体蛋白，而阻断跨膜电子传递并不是抗生素对细胞壁的作用。
因此答案为D。
二、填空题1.对数值进行描述时，通常需要提供以下几个参数：_______、中间值和_______。
答案：平均值，标准差。
解析：数值描述需要提供平均值和标准差等参数，以便了解数据的中心趋势和离散程度。
2._______是一种可持续的发展战略，旨在通过以人为中心的方法创建有益的商业、环境和社会影响。
答案：企业社会责任。
解析：企业社会责任是指企业在营运过程中关注其对社会与环境的影响，采取绿色环保、公益慈善等行动来回馈社会。
三、论述题1.现代企业管理的最高原则是什么？请谈谈你的看法。
现代企业管理的最高原则是以客户为中心。
企业无论在进行产品设计、生产制造、销售服务等方面，都应该以满足客户需求作为第一目标。
只有满足客户的需求，才能得到客户的信任和支持，并赢得市场优势。
我的看法是，以客户为中心不仅是现代企业管理的最高原则，也是企业生存和发展所必须遵循的原则。
广西医科大学大一医学专业病理学试卷及答案
广西医科大学202 年第学期《病理学》课程考试试题姓名年级层次专业学号、一、名词解释（15）1、病理学：2、肉芽组织：3、变质：4、癌：5、休克：二、填空（30）1、坏死的主要类型有、、和。
2、血栓形成的条件有、和。
3、炎症的局部临床表现有、、、和。
4、常见的肿瘤转移途径有、和。
5、根据血浆渗透压的不同可将脱水分为、和。
6、心源性水肿早期容易发生在部位，肾性水肿早期容易发生在部位7、大叶性肺炎最常见的致病菌是，最特征性的临床表现是。
8、门脉高压症的临床表现主要有、、、、9、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病常见的临床类型有、、及10、脂肪变性最常累及器官是，液化性坏死最常见的器官是三、是非题（对的打对√。
错的打错×）共5分。
1、我国肝硬化最常见的病因是酒精中毒。
（）2、良恶性肿瘤的根本区别是肿瘤细胞的异型性。
（）3、股骨骨折最可能引起栓塞。
（）4、癌就是肿瘤的统称。
（）5、稀释性低钠血症就是水中毒。
（）四、单选题：（每题2分共10分）1、坏死组织经腐败菌作用后常可发生（）A栓塞B脂肪坏死C坏疽D梗死D凝固2、左心衰竭首先引起淤血的是（）A肝B肺C脾D肠E四肢3、急性化脓性炎症的早期，炎症部位最多的炎细胞是（）A 巨噬细胞B中性粒细胞C淋巴细胞D嗜酸性粒细胞E浆细胞4、肿瘤实质指的是（）A结缔组织B肿瘤细胞C血管D淋巴管E神经5、肿瘤组织分化程度越低（）A恶性程度越低 B 恶性程度越高C转移越晚D预后较好E生长时间越长6、动脉粥样硬化病变主要发生于（）A大中等动脉B小动脉C细动脉D微动脉E后微动脉7、心肌梗死的好发部位多见于（）A左心室前臂B左心室后臂C左心室前臂心尖部室间隔前2/3 D室间隔后1/3及右心室壁大部E右心室前壁8、最易发生休克的水电解质失衡是（）A高渗性脱水B 等渗性脱水C低渗性脱水D水中毒E低钾血症9、一氧化碳中毒的皮肤粘膜颜色是（）A咖啡色——高铁血红蛋白血症B樱桃色C鲜红色D紫红色酱油色10、休克的本质是（）A动脉血压下降B心肌收缩力减弱C中心静脉压下降D微循环障碍E以上都部不是五、多选题：每题3分共15分1、动脉粥样硬化的继发性改变有（）A斑块内出血B斑块玻璃样变C 溃疡形成D血栓形成E动脉瘤形成2、栓塞的类型有（）A血栓栓塞B脂肪栓塞C羊水栓塞D空气栓塞E细菌栓塞3、细胞和组织的适应在形态学上一般表现有（）A萎缩B肥大C增生D化生E变性4、钠水潴留的原因有（）A抗利尿激素分泌减少B心房肽分泌减少C肾小球滤过分数增加D醛固酮分泌增加E肾小球肾炎5、引起代谢性酸中毒的原因有（）A严重腹泻B缺氧C糖尿病D剧烈呕吐E肾衰竭六、简答题（25分）1、肉芽组织主要功能是什么？（5分）2、炎症状的局部表现和全身反应是什么？（5分）3、什么是肝硬化？门脉高压症包括哪些临床症状？（7分）。
广西医科大学内科学(心内科)2019年考博真题试卷
4.小细胞低色素性贫血包括哪些
5.糖尿病高血糖急性慢性并发症
专业题
心内科:
1.什么是顽固性高血压，原因包括？最新的非药物治疗进展？疗效和风险评估？
2.心源性猝死定义？病因？预防？
广西医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（心内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ方一律不给分。
公共课题：
一、30题单选，涉及各个内科系统的比较典型的疾病
二、简答题:
1.肺结核的化疗选择和阶段
2.UA的治疗原则
2019年广西医科大学真题
2019年广西医科大学研究生考试（公共卫生综合试题）
一.选择题
60道
二.名词解释
1.R N I推荐膳食摄入量
2.食物中毒
3.生物地球化学病
4.挥发性盐基总氮
5.B i o m a r k e r o f e f f e c t
6.听谷
7.环境内分泌干扰物
8.C o f o u n d i n g f a c t o r
9.介水传染病
10.领先时间偏移
11.克山病
12.肢段溶骨症
三.问答题
1.常见的营养膳食调查法都有哪些？特点是什么？
2.试叙述糖尿病患者的营养治疗原则？
3.大气颗粒物对健康会产生什么影响？
4.环境流行病学的定义和环境流行病学都常用哪些研究方法？
5.流行病学研究中常用哪些抽样方法？
6.病例对照中会产生哪些偏移？
7.影响矽肺发病因素都有哪些？
8.试叙述一氧化碳中毒和氢化氰中毒为什么都能使皮肤粘膜变粉红色的机制
四.论述题
1.2016年发布的中国膳食指南比2007有什么新内容增加，他们的区别是什么？
2.设计调查，证明某地区水质与癌症发病的关系
3.筛查的串联并联的列表的整理，计算灵敏度，特异度，漏诊率，误诊率，正确指数
4.有机磷农药和拟草虫菊酯类农药和氨基甲酸酯类农药的中毒机制和临床表现和处理原则有哪些异同点。
广西医科大学病理学博士初试真题汇编(2009-2019)
广西医科大学病理学博士初试真题汇编
（2009-2019）
本文档汇编了广西医科大学病理学博士初试的真题，涵盖了2009年至2019年的内容。
2009年
1. 请简述病理学的定义和分类。
2. 请介绍细胞凋亡的机制及其在疾病中的作用。
3. 请解释肿瘤的概念，并列举常见的肿瘤类型。
4. 请阐述炎症反应的发生机制及其在疾病中的意义。
5. 请简述免疫系统的组成和功能。
2010年
1. 请解释病理学基本术语中的“炎症”和“肿瘤”。
2. 请介绍肾小球疾病的分类及其病理特点。
3. 请简述肝脏病理学中的肝硬化和肝癌。
4. 请解释免疫组化技术在病理学中的应用。
5. 请简述病理学研究的意义和方法。
2011年
1. 请解释病理学基本术语中的“炎症”和“肿瘤”。
2. 请简述细胞凋亡的机制及其在疾病中的作用。
3. 请介绍肝脏病理学中的肝硬化和肝癌。
4. 请解释免疫组化技术在病理学中的应用。
5. 请阐述病理学研究的意义和方法。
......（继续列举2012年至2019年的题目）
请注意，以上题目仅为真题的部分示例，具体内容以实际考试为准。
广西医科大学内科学(消化内科)2018--2019 年考博初试真题
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（消化内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共课题：
一、30题单选，涉及各个内科系统的比较典型的疾病
二、简答题:
1.肺结核的化疗选择和阶段
广西医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（消化内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共部分：（60分）
一、单选题（1*30分）
主要集中的方向有，呼吸5题，心内8题，消化6题，内分泌5题，血液4题，肾内3题
难度不大，都是书本上的常见知识点
2.UA的治疗原则
3.原发性肝癌的的并发症
4.小细胞低色素性贫血包括哪些
5.糖尿病高血糖急性慢性并发症
专业题
消化内科学:
1.病例分析：
（1）胆源性急腺炎的演变过程重症胰腺炎
（4）还需要哪些检查明确病因。
2.肠易激综合征罗马III的诊断标准
3.自身免疫性肝炎的诊断标准及临床分型。
二、简答题（6*5=30分）
1,简述耐药性肺结核的治疗原则
2,主动脉夹层的临床分型
3,急性胰腺炎与那些疾病鉴别
4,糖尿病酮症酸中毒的治疗原则
5,形态学上表现为小细胞低色素性贫血的疾病有哪些？
专业方向：（40分）
1,腹水的临床诊断思路
2,肠易激综合症的病因及分型
3,肝性脑病的分期
4,自身免疫性肝炎的分型和治疗原则
医学博士生考试真题
医学博士生考试真题
下列哪种药物是常用的β受体阻滞剂，用于治疗高血压和心绞痛？
A. 硝酸甘油
B. 阿司匹林
C. 美托洛尔
D. 卡托普利
哪种病原体是引起肺炎的主要细菌之一？
A. 流感病毒
B. 结核杆菌
C. 肺炎链球菌
D. 柯萨奇病毒
关于心肌梗死，下列哪项描述是错误的？
A. 常常由于冠状动脉阻塞引起
B. 症状包括胸痛、呼吸困难等
C. 可以通过心电图和心肌酶检测诊断
D. 治疗方法主要是溶栓和手术治疗，药物治疗无效
下列哪种疾病属于自身免疫性疾病？
A. 流感
B. 疟疾
C. 糖尿病
D. 类风湿性关节炎
哪种检查是诊断肺癌常用的影像学检查方法？
A. X线胸片
B. 腹部B超
C. 血液生化检查
D. 肺部CT扫描
关于艾滋病（HIV），下列哪项是正确的？
A. 艾滋病是一种可以通过空气传播的疾病
B. 艾滋病病毒主要攻击人体的呼吸系统
C. 艾滋病病毒可以通过血液、性接触和母婴传播
D. 目前已有完全治愈艾滋病的药物
下列哪项不是抗生素的主要作用？
A. 抑制细菌生长
B. 杀灭细菌
C. 治疗病毒感染
D. 预防细菌感染
哪种药物常用于降低血脂，预防心血管疾病？
A. 利尿剂
B. 胰岛素
C. 他汀类药物
D. 抗生素。
广西医科大学公共卫生学2009,2012--2019年考博初试真题
广西医科大学公共卫生学2009,2012--2019年考博初试真题2009年考博初试真题名词解释1. 环境卫生学2. 流行病学3. 卫生统计学4. 营养学5. 卫生管理学简答题1. 简述环境卫生学的研究内容。
2. 简述流行病学的的研究方法。
3. 简述卫生统计学在公共卫生领域的应用。
4. 简述营养学的基本概念。
5. 简述卫生管理学的的研究内容。
论述题1. 论述公共卫生学的发展历程。
2. 论述环境卫生学在我国的重要性。
3. 论述流行病学在公共卫生决策中的作用。
4. 论述卫生统计学在疾病预防控制中的应用。
5. 论述营养与健康的关系。
2012年考博初试真题名词解释1. 卫生政策2. 公共卫生服务体系3. 疾病预防控制中心4. 健康教育5. 卫生法规简答题1. 简述卫生政策的基本构成。
2. 简述公共卫生服务体系的功能。
3. 简述疾病预防控制中心的主要职责。
4. 简述健康教育的目标。
5. 简述卫生法规的分类。
论述题1. 论述我国公共卫生事业的发展现状及挑战。
2. 论述卫生政策在公共卫生领域的应用。
3. 论述疾病预防控制中心在疫情防控中的作用。
4. 论述健康教育在公共卫生中的重要性。
5. 论述卫生法规在公共卫生管理中的作用。
2013年考博初试真题名词解释1. 健康危险因素2. 慢性病3. 免疫接种4. 食品安全5. 卫生监督简答题1. 简述健康危险因素的分类。
2. 简述慢性病的影响因素。
3. 简述免疫接种的原则。
4. 简述食品安全的含义。
5. 简述卫生监督的任务。
论述题1. 论述健康危险因素与慢性病的关系。
2. 论述免疫接种在预防传染病中的作用。
3. 论述食品安全在公共卫生中的重要性。
4. 论述卫生监督在公共卫生管理中的作用。
5. 论述公共卫生学在疾病预防控制中的应用。
2014年考博初试真题名词解释1. 卫生应急2. 突发公共卫生事件3. 生物统计学4. 健康素养5. 环境卫生监测简答题1. 简述卫生应急的基本任务。
广西医科大学病理学2019年考博真题试卷
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้广西医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
第1页 共1页
一、名词解释 1. apoptosis 2. 结核结节 3. 桥接坏死 4. 肿瘤细胞异型性 5. 阿米巴肿 二、问答题 1. 列举两种形成心脏血栓的疾病，并说明病理变化及转归 2. 慢性空洞型肺结核的病理特点及继发病变 3. 病毒性肝炎的病理变化 4. 急性细菌性痢疾病理变化 5. 动脉硬化发病机制以及病理过程 6. 肉芽肿性炎的形成条件和组成
广西医科大学病理学2009年考博真题考博试卷
医学考博真题试卷
第1页 共1页
广西医科大学
2009 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 1.转移性钙化 2.Brown duration 3.滋养细胞疾病 4.Intraepithelial neoplasia 5.败血性梗死 6.隐性肺癌 7.小肝癌 8.Barrett 食管 9.虎斑心 10.荧光原位杂交 二、简答题 1.试述细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的病理变化。 2.简述高血压细动脉硬化的发病机制。 3.简述类风湿性关节炎的病理变化。 4.简述 ARDS 的主要病理变化。 三、论述题 1.急性炎症时血管通透性增高的机制。 2.肾小球肾炎的基本病理变化。 3.糖尿病的病理变化。 4.慢性纤维空洞型肺结核的病理特点及并发症。 5.酒精性肝病的病理变化。 6.试述生物芯片技术及其在病理学中的应用。
第ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ页 共1页
2019年全国医学博士外语统一考试真题仿真试卷及答案_044713
2019年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语仿真试卷说明：本年度考试延后，具体考试时间未知。
基于版权考虑，本试卷对真题存在一定程度改编（比如词汇题保留正确选项，但对题干进行改写；部分阅读理解保留文章或主题一致而改编部分题目等）。
该试卷与真题考点高度一致，以最大程度达到“从真题入手”进行复习的效果。
试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Part II Vocabulary(10%)S ection ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes thesentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Gradually he lost his______and wasted away till he was nothing but skin and bones.A.willingB.appetiteC.interestD.enthusiasm32.There are many ways to purify water,among which distillation is the best process for water______because the water does not contain other impurities.A.purityB.clearingC.cleansingD.purition33.They came to the monument to pay tribute to the martyrs on such a special day,full of the_______for their contribution in that history.A.altitudeB.multitudeC.gratitudeD.magnitude34.A________of more than1,000philosophers,teachers and students by the authoritative Philosophers’Magazine placed Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species as the third most important work.A.researchB.surveyC.listD.writing35.It is_______because the truth will turn out and dangerous because secrecy delays the necessary remedial action.A.exaggeratingB.futileC.figurativeD.fugitive36.This ensures that concurrent updates to an item do not result in_______data loss.A.incidentalB.constantC.accidentalD.instant37.Hospitals,clinics and other infrastructure of health systems in many countries are_______to disasters.A.weakB.destroyableC.vulnerableD.subject38.All information reported to or_______obtained by the commission is considered confidential.A．directly B．similarly C.likewise D.clockwise39.Some measures of the hospital can better serve the patients;_______,the feedback evaluationof the patients can also improve the medical quality of the hospital.A.in turnB.neverthelessC.howeverD.whereas40.Armed with this tooling,analysts no longer________diagrams for knowledge in the same way.A.turn fromB.turn toC.turn outD.turn downS ection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep themeaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The war’s impact on the population of the country was catastrophic.A．influential B．disastrous C．apparent D．critical42.Different congenital deformity fetuses have different effects in the development of fetus's colon.A.malformationB.malnutritionalC.degradedD.reformed43.Attempts to restrict parking in the city center have further aggravated the problems of trafficcongestion.A.amelioratedB.deterioratedC.duplicatedD.increased44.I tripped over on the pavement and my ankle was swollen.I had to soak in the ice water.A.immerseB.immenseC.emergeD.merge45.The three branches of government—the legislative,the executive,and the judicial—curb andstabilize one another through their separated functions.A.relateB.restrainC.associateern46.With the rapid development of aerial technology,aircraft security and reliability are ever increasing.However,insecure events related to aircraft up-keeping by people are on the rise.A.maintenanceB.retainingC.pertainingD.entertaining47.If you pick the high-fat fries and shake,you may feel sluggish and blow that test.A.worriedB.inactiveC.hurriedD.anxious48.Reading from a monotonous technical brief for hours on end,he would stray into difficult territory.A.difficultB.tediousC.sophisticatedD.mountainous49.The war’s impact on the population of the country was distinct.A．influential B．disastrous C．apparent D．critical50.It will be never be too slim for women,so variety of diet pills are often over-marketed.A.slenderB.longC.skinnyD.thinPart III Cloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letterof your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.54.A.constantly B.originally C.always D.presumably55.A.another B.other C.the other D.others56.A.question B.object C.determine D.express57.A.threat B.threaten C.threatening D.threatened58.A.related B.decided C.relation D.decision59.A.suggest B.suggested C.to suggest D.suggesting60.A.to B.of C.at D.aboutPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.P assage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive"attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone---far from it.Certainty,Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibilities that day care had delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime15or20years later can only explored by the use of statistics.However,statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would certainly be complicated and controversial.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly,in the last decade,there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to dealwith.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61.According to the passage,the consequence of parental separation______.A.still needs more statistical studiesB.has been found negativeC.is obviousD.is more serious in modern times62.The author thinks that John Bowlby’s concern______.A.is relevant and justifiableB.is too strong to believeC.is utterly groundlessD.has something that deserve our attention63.What’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A.The children’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B.The bad effects of parental separation were had to deal with.C.The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children’s development.D.Early care was reasonable for babies since it’s practiced by so any people nowadays.64.According to the passage,which of the following is probably a reason for parents to send their children under three to day care?A.They don’t know about day care’s negative effect.B.They are too busy to care for their children.C.They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D.They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65.What’s the author’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three?A.He supports most of their belief because Bowlby’s proposition is well-grounded.B.He is sympathetic for them,for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C.He doesn’t totally agree with them,since the long-term effect of day care still needs further study.D.He doesn’t quite understand them,as they are contradictory in themselves.P assage T woLess than a year ago,a new generation of diet pills seemed to offer the long sought answer to our chronic weight problems.Hundreds of thousands of pound-conscious Americans had discovered that a drug combination known as“fen-phen”could shut off voracious（贪吃的）appetites like magic,and the FDA had just approved a new drug,Redux,that did the same with fewer side effects.Redux would attract hundreds of thousands of new pill poppers within a few months.But now the diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash.Some of the nation’s largest HMOs,including Aetna U.S.Healthcare and Prudential Healthcare have begun cutting back or eliminating reimbursement （退款补偿，报销）for both pills.Diet chains like Jenny Craig and Nutri/System are backing away from them too.Several states,meanwhile,have restricted the use of st week the Florida legislature banned new prescriptions entirely and called on doctors to wean（使断绝）current patients from the drug within30days.It also put a90-day limit on Redux prescriptions.Even New Jersey doctor Sheldon Levine,who touted Redux last year on TV and in his book The Redux Revolution,has stopped giving itto all but his most obese patients.The reason for all the retrenchment:potentially lethal side effects.Over the summer,the FDA revealed that82patients had developed defects in their heart values while on fen-phen,and that seven patients had come down with the same condition on Redux.As if that weren’t bad enough,physicians reported that a woman who had been taking fen-phen for less than a month died of primary pulmonary hypertension,a sometimes fatal lung condition already associated with Redux.And an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association last month confirmed earlier reports that both fen-phen and Redux can cause brain damage in lab animals.These findings led the New England Journal to publish editorial admonishing doctors to prescribe the drugs only for patients with severe obesity.Meanwhile,FDA asked drug makers to put more explicit warnings on fen-phen and Redux labels.Since mid-July,prescriptions for fen-phen have dropped56%, and those for Redux36%,according to IMS America,a pharmaceutical market research firm.All that really does,however,is to bring the numbers down to where they should have been all along. Manufacturers said from the start that their pills offered a short-term therapy for the obese,not for people looking to fit into a smaller bathing suit.FDA approved Redux with just such a caveat,and when limited to these patients,the drugs may still make sense—despite the risks—because morbid obesity carries its own dangers,including heart disease,diabetes and stroke.Too often,however,Redux and fen-phen were peddled to all comers,almost like candy.The current backlash,says Levine,is a“roller coaster that never should have happened”.66.What does the phrase“pill poppers”in the first paragraph mean?A.pill distributorsB.pill manufacturersC.pill promotersD.pill takers and abusers67.The worst case that revealed the fatal dark side of the diet pills is.A.82patients on fen-phen and seven on Redux had developed heart diseaseB.a woman patient on fen-phen had died of abnormally high blood pressureC.a woman patient on fen-phen had died of a lung diseaseD.both diet pills have caused brain damage68.New England Journal admonished doctors to.A.give the pills only to the severely overweight personsB.take the obese patients off the drugs completelyC.reduce prescriptions of the pills drasticallyD.put clearer warnings on the drug labels69.According to the drug manufacturers,the pills.A.only offer temporary treatment for patients with morbid obesityB.are meant for all the people who yearn for slimnessC.are the best cure to our chronic weight problemsD.are the most important weight-loss discoveries70.We can infer from the last paragraph that.A.the severe obesity carries the potential of illnessB.the pills were sold to all comers without discriminationC.the pills may still be effective if properly administeredD.the pills shouldn’t have been hailed as miraculous cures and then discardedP assage T hreeThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police,perplexed scientists,and fascinated writers for centuries.There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers.Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs,solve mathematical problems,compose music,walk through plate-glass windows,and commit murder in their sleep.How many of these stories have a basis in fact,and how many are pure fakery？No one knows,but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrel of salt,others are a matter of record. In Revere,Massachusetts,a hundred policemen combed a waterfront neighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room,with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep.And the great French writer V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed,dressed himself,made a polite bow, danced a minuet,and then undressed and went back to bed.At the University of Iowa,a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River.He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian,Pandit Ramrakha,who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that he had left his bed.Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer.The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep.The farmer,in his sleep,visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker.He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman,a physiologist at the University of Chicago.He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man,and during the last thirty-five years has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep.Says he,"Of course,I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers.But none of my sleepers ever walked,and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment,I doubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking,nevertheless,is a scientific reality.Like hypnosis,it is one of those dramatic,eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic.It lends itself to controversy and misconceptions,what is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance,and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it.Doctors say that somnambulism is much more common than is generally supposed.Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States.Others set the figure even higher.Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record,which means that an accurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vivid dream.The dream usually comes from guilt,worry,nervousness,or some other emotional conflict.The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth.Her nightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder.Shakespeare said of her;"The eyes are open but their sense is shut."The age-old question is:Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep？Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half.Like Lady Macbeth,he has weighty problems on his mind.Dr.Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject,says,"Some people stay awake all night worrying about their problems.The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep.He is awake in the muscular area,partially asleep in the sensory area."In other words,a person can walk in his sleep,move around,and do other things,but he does not think about what he is doing.71.The second sentence in the second paragraph means that______.A.no one knows,but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB.the sleepwalking stories are like salt adding flavor to people’s lifeC.sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD.the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions,yet there are still truthfully recorded stories72.______was supposed to be the world’s champion sleepwalker.A.The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB.The man danced a minuet in his sleepC.The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD.The boy walked five hours in his sleep73.Sleepwalking is the result of______according to the passage.A.emotional disorderB.a vivid dreamck of sleep and great anxietyD.insanity74.Dr.Zelda Tepltz seemed to______.A.agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB.conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC.disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD.think that sleepwalking can turn into madness75.The writer makes it obvious that______.A.sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB.most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC.it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD.sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisP assage F ourHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby's liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood,according to a study published in the Journal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights,altered growth and stress hormone levels and impaired liver development.The study findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to2-3cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development,and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of300mg/day or more in women, which is approximately2to3cups coffee per day,can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animal studies have further suggested that prenatal caffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liver development with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a debilitating condition normally associated with obesity and diabetes.However,the underlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver development remains poorly understood.A better understanding of how caffeine mediates these effects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study,Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China,investigated the effectsof low(equivalent to2-3cups of coffee)and high doses(equivalent of6-9cups of coffee)caffeine,given to pregnant rats,on liver function and hormone levels of their offspring.Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone,insulin like growth factor(IGF-1),and higher levels of the stress hormone,corticosteroid at birth.However,liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up'phase,characterised by increased levels of IGF-1,which is important for growth.Dr Yinxian Wen,study co-author,says,"Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother,which inhibits IGF-1activity for liver development before birth. However,compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normal liver function,as IGF-1activity increases and stress hormone signalling decreases.The increased risk of fatty liver disease caused by prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced, compensatory postnatal IGF-1activity."These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lower birth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our current understanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest the potential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future.However,these animal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr Wen comments,"Our work suggests that prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findings still need to be confirmed in people,I would recommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."76.Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats given caffeine?A.lower birth weightB.smaller stressC.liver development problemD.growth problem77.If a pregnant woman takes3cups of coffee,what will probably happen?A.Her weight will get lower and lower.B.The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C.She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D.Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.78.Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A.A better understanding of the relationship between caffeine and effects has been achieved.B.4-5cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C.Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D.The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.79.What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development when taking in prenatal caffeine?A.lower stress hormone,lower birth weight before birth.B.higher stress hormone,lower growth hormone before birth.C.lower stress hormone,more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D.lower stress hormone,less accelerated growth of liver after birth.80.What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A.The research hasn’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B.The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C.Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D.We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the health problems.P assage F iveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain,Freud identified two sources of psychic energy,which he called“drives”:aggression and libido.The key to his theory is that these were unconscious drives,shaping our behavior without the mediation of our waking minds;they surface, heavily disguised,only in our dreams.The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplay the role of unconscious universal drives,focusing instead on rational processes in conscious life.But researchers have found evidence that Freud’s drives really do exist,and they have their roots in the limbic system,a primitive part of the brain that operates mostly below the horizon of consciousness.Now more commonly referred to as emotions,the modern suite of drives comprises five: rage,panic,separation distress,lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers.Although like the others it originates in the limbic system,it also involves parts of the forebrain,the seat of higher mental functions. In the1980s,Jaak Panksepp,a neurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio,became interested in a place near the cortex known as the ventral tegmental area,which in humans lies just above the hairline.When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse,the animal would sniff the air and walk around,as though it were looking for something.Was it hungry?No.The mouse would walk right by a plate of food,or for that matter any other object Panksepp could think of.This brain tissue seemed to cause a general desire for something new.“What I was seeing,”he says,“was the urge to do stuff.”Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London,that sounds very much like libido.“Freud needed some sort of general,appetitive desire to seek pleasure in the world of objects,”says Solms.“Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically.”Solms studied the same region of the brain for his work on dreams.Since the1970s,neurologists have known that dreaming takes place during a particular form of sleep known as REM—rapid eye movement—which is associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons.Accordingly,they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest.When Solms looked into it, though,it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental,the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the“seeking”emotion.Dreams,it seemed, originate with the libido—which is just what Freud had believed.Freud’s psychological map may have been flawed in many ways,but it also happens to be the most coherent and,from the standpoint of individual experience,meaningful theory of the mind.“Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin,who lived before the discovery of genes,”says Panksepp.“Freud gave us a vision of a mental apparatus.We need to talk about it,develop it,test it.”Perhaps it’s nota matter of proving Freud wrong or right,but of finishing the job.81.Freud believed that aggression and libido.A．were the only two sources of psychic energyB．could sometimes surfact in our conscious lifeC．affected our behavior unconsciouslyD．could appear clearly on our dreams82.Which of the following terms is equivalent to what Freud called libido?A．Emotion.B．Lust.C．Seeking D．Urge.83.Jaak Panksepp’s study on a mouse proves that the seeking drive.A．originates in the limbic systemB．involves parts of the forebrainC．controls how we respond to stimulusD．exists in many other animals84.According to Mark Solms,dreaming.A．takes place during the whole sleeping periodB．involves a primitive part of the brain known as the ponsC．originates in the forebrainD．just takes place in a certain period85.It can be inferred that Freud and Darwin are similar in that their theories.A．have long been discreditedB．provided good guide for further researchC．are placed in the same categoryD．are concerned about human beingP assage S ixYou are what you eat,or so the saying goes.But a new generation of molecular biologists is starting to give that old adage a decidedly high-tech twist.By combining the latest discoveries in human genetics with a deeper understanding of the hundreds of compounds found in food,investigators have begun to tease apart some of the more complex interactions between your diet and your DNA.In the process,they hope eventually to give consumers more personalized advice about what to eat and drink to stave off heart disease,cancer and other chronic conditions of aging."We are trying to put more science behind the nutrition,"says Jose Ordovas,a geneticist at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts."We want to finally understand why nutrients do what they do and to whom--why a low-fat diet may not work for some but works for others."Do you drink three cups or more of coffee a day?Genetic tests can now determine whether you--like approximately10%to20%of the population--have a specific genetic variation that makes it harder for your body to absorb calcium in the presence of caffeine,thus increasing your rate of bone loss.Are you getting enough folic acid,found in beans,peas and fortified grains?Researchers have learned that many people have a genetic predisposition that puts them at greater risk of developing heart disease because they need more folic acid than the average person to maintain normal blood chemistry.Would a high-fat diet be particularly damaging to your health,given your genetic makeup?About 15%of folks are born with a form of a liver enzyme that causes their HDL,or good cholesterol,level to go down in response to dietary fat.In most people the HDL level goes up,counterbalancing some of the bad effects of dietary fat on LDL--the dangerous cholesterol.None of those genetic variations are immediately life threatening.In fact,most of them have no apparent effect.The variants are not like the mutations most of us learned about in school--alterations that cause entire genes or series of genes to malfunction and that result in diseases like sickle-cell anemia and。
2019全国博士考试病生真题-10页文档资料
2009年全国医学博士入学考试专业基础（病理生理学）一、选择题（1分X40）A型30道，B型5道，X型5道二、简答题（5分X4）1、左心衰竭出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难的机制。
2、ARDS出现I型呼吸衰竭的机制。
3、肾性贫血的机制。
4、产科意外导致DIC的机制。
三、论述题（10分X4）1、一位流感病人体温39.7C，试述其发热的基本机制。
2、缺氧的类型以及各型的血氧指标的变化。
3、病例分析题，考水、电解质、酸解平衡紊乱的。
4、假神经递质在肝性脑病发病中的作用。
09病生1. 恶性肿瘤发生过程中有哪些细胞调控障碍？原因？2. 细胞信号转导异常的环节有哪些？3. 低钾血症对机体的影响？4. 自由基在缺血-再灌损伤中的作用？5. 血液性缺氧的原因及血气变化？6. 何谓抑癌基因？举例说明其失活机制。
7. 肝功能异常时血氨升高的原因？8. 原发性高血压中有哪些离子转运障碍？有什么结果？9. DIC引起休克的机制？10. 患者车祸后，表情淡漠，面色青灰，血压70/50mmHg，脉快，补液后尿量≤30ml/24h。
该患者处于哪一时期？发生机理？08病生1.哪些因素可以引起细胞信号转导异常？2.何谓水中毒？产生机制与对机体的影响？3.呼酸的发生原因基对机体的影响？4.低张性缺氧的原因血氧变化特点?5.DIC的主要临床表现？产生机制？6.钙超载在心肌缺血-再灌损伤中的作用？7.主要细胞癌基因的致癌机制?8.心衰使兴奋-收缩偶偶联障碍机制?9.女，65岁，支气管哮喘15年，近来呼吸困难加重，且出现嗜睡等表现，血气PaCO2 75mmHg ，PaO2 50mmHg。
试述患者发生上述临床表现的机制？10.男，22岁，因胆囊炎滴注庆大霉素4周后出现少尿，恶心，呕吐等症状，PH7.25 BE-15mm ol/l PaCO2 28mmHg, SB 18 mmHg, K 6.8 mmol/l ,BUN 25.8 mmol/l.试述该患者有哪些病理生理过程，是怎样发生的？南方医科大学2019年病理生理学（博士）一、简答题：4题×5分_1.简述gaba在肝性脑病中的作用2.为什么部分肺泡通气/血流比例下降只导致低氧血症，而不会导致paco2升高？:3.简述dic时出血的机制TY M6P"_Ep4.肾性高血压的发病机制二、论述题：1.一患者，血压波动于160/100近十年，近期发生左心衰竭，，请分析其发病机制（15分）2.试述休克i 期微循环变化的特点、机制和代偿意义（10分）3.一肺心病患者，入院呈昏睡状态，查：ph 7.26，paco2 65.5, hco3－30,cl－92, na＋145,试分析患者为何种酸碱失衡及电解质紊乱？根据是什么？并分析期昏睡的机制？（15分）2009年病理生理题目：简答题：1．肾性贫血发病机制2．产科意外导致DIC机制3．阵发性夜间呼吸困难的发病机制4．ARDS发生1型呼吸衰竭的机制问答题：1．感染发热的机制2．缺氧的类型以及血液氧指标的变化3．病例分析（酮症酸中毒），写出该病例的水、电介质、酸碱平衡混乱的类型及机制4．假性神经递质在肝性脑病发病中的作用2009年中山大学博士入学考试病理生理学专业基础真题！一、名词解释（5分一个）1、paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea2、SIRS3、stress disease4、renal tubular acidosis二简答题（20分一个）1、DIC引起出血的发病机制。
广西医科大学病理学2009-2019年博士入学考试真题
广西医科大学病理学2009-2019年博士入学考试真题2009年真题1. 病理学的定义是什么？2. 简要描述肿瘤的形成过程。
3. 什么是病理诊断？它的作用是什么？4. 请列举三种常见的炎症类型，并简要描述它们的特点。
5. 什么是免疫组织化学？它在病理学中的应用有哪些？2010年真题1. 请列举三种常见的遗传性疾病，并简要描述它们的特点。
2. 什么是细胞凋亡？请描述细胞凋亡的发生机制。
3. 简要描述肝硬化的病理变化和临床表现。
4. 请列举三种常见的免疫缺陷病，并简要描述它们的特点。
5. 什么是免疫荧光检测？它在病理学中的应用有哪些？2011年真题1. 简要描述心肌梗死的病理变化和临床表现。
2. 请列举三种常见的恶性肿瘤，并简要描述它们的特点。
3. 什么是组织学？它在病理学中的作用是什么？4. 请简要描述肾小球肾炎的病理变化和临床表现。
5. 什么是原位癌？它的发展过程是怎样的？2012年真题1. 请列举三种常见的免疫性疾病，并简要描述它们的特点。
2. 简要描述急性炎症的病理变化和临床表现。
3. 什么是电镜？它在病理学中的应用有哪些？4. 请简要描述胃溃疡的病理变化和临床表现。
5. 什么是肿瘤的恶性转化？它的发生机制是什么？2013年真题1. 什么是肺癌？请简要描述肺癌的病理变化和临床表现。
2. 请列举三种常见的遗传性肿瘤，并简要描述它们的特点。
3. 简要描述慢性炎症的病理变化和临床表现。
4. 什么是组织化学方法？它在病理学中的应用有哪些？5. 请简要描述乳腺癌的病理变化和临床表现。
2014年真题1. 请列举三种常见的肝炎病毒，并简要描述它们的特点。
2. 什么是遗传性代谢病？简要描述一种常见的遗传性代谢病。
3. 简要描述急性白血病的病理变化和临床表现。
4. 什么是免疫组织化学方法？它在病理学中的应用有哪些？5. 请简要描述胃癌的病理变化和临床表现。
2015年真题1. 什么是病理生理学？它与病理学的关系是什么？2. 请列举三种常见的肺部疾病，并简要描述它们的特点。
广西医科大学内科学(传染内科)2018--2019年考博初试真题
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（传染内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共部分：（60分）
一、单选题（1*30分）
主要集中的方向有，呼吸5题，心内8题，消化6题，内分泌5题，血液4题，肾内3题
难度不大，都是书本上的常见知识点
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（传染病）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共课题：
一、30题单选，涉及各个内科系统的比较典型的疾病
二、简答题:
1.肺结核的化疗选择和阶段
2.UA的治疗原则
3.原发性肝癌的的并发症
4.小细胞低色素性贫血包括哪些
二、简答题（6*5=30分）
1,简述耐药性肺结核的治疗原则
2,主动脉夹层的临床分型
3,急性胰腺炎与那些疾病鉴表现为小细胞低色素性贫血的疾病有哪些？
专业方向：（40分）
1，根据2015年乙肝防治指南，乙肝抗病毒治疗的适应症
2，肝衰竭的治疗原则
3，病例分析题目，一个乙肝大三阳患者的诊断治疗
5.糖尿病高血糖急性慢性并发症
专业题
传染病:
1.H7N9的诊断标准
2.人体感染乙肝后为何难以清除
3.细菌耐药机制及防治措施
4.新传染病的流行特点及主要原因
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第1页 共1页
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
广西医科大学
第1页 共1页
2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 1. apoptosis 2. 结核结节 3. 桥接坏死 4. 肿瘤细胞异型性 5. 阿米巴肿