【解析版】山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年八年级(下)期末物理试卷(教与学)
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级下学期期末质量检测数学试题 缺答案
EDA CB八年级数学期末试题 马尹庄中学 王清学一、选择题（下列各题中，每题只有一项正确的答案，请把该项的序号填在题后的括号内，每题2分，共24分）1、下列说法中，不正确的是(A) 所有正方形的形状都是相同的 (B) 国旗上所有的五角星形状是相同的 (C) 所有邮票的形状是相同的(D) 所有2008年奥运会标记---“中国印”的图案的形状是相同的 2、调查某班级的 的对数学老师的喜欢程度,下列最具有代表性的样本是( ) A 、调查单数学号的学生 B 、调查所有的班级干部 C 、调查全体女生 D 、调查数学兴趣小组的学生3、若032=-b a ，则ba= (A) 23 (B) 23- (C) 32 (D) 32-4、不等到式032≥-x 的解集是( ) A 、23≥x B 、x >23 C 、32<x D 、32<x5、化简yx y x --22的结果是（ ）A 、x+yB 、x- yC 、y- xD 、- x- y 6、如图,ΔABC 中,DE ∥BC,如果AD=1,DB=2,那么BCDE的值为( ) A 、32 B 、41 C 、31 D 、217、下列各式能用完全平方公式分解因式的是( )A.222y x x ++ B.442-+x x C.224y xy x ++ D.2244x xy y +-8、下列说法中，错误的是( ) A.21-=x 是不等式0<x 的一个解 B.不等式组⎩⎨⎧><31x x 无解C.不等式32<-x 的解集是23-<x D.不等式13-≤-x 的正整数解是1和2 9、 用幻灯机将一个三角形ABC 的面积放大为原来的16倍，下列说法中正确的是 (A) 放大后∠A 、∠B 、∠C 是原来的16倍(B)放大后周长是原来的4倍 (C)放大后对应边长是原来的16倍(D)放大后对应中线长是原来的16倍 10．方程132+=x x 的解为……………【 】 A 、2 B 、1 C 、-2 D 、-111、已知:如图，下列条件中不能判断直线l 1∥l 2的是（ ） A.∠1＝∠3 B.∠2＝∠3 C.∠4＝∠5 D.∠2＋∠4＝180 10、某班学生在颁奖大会上得知该班获得奖励的情况如下表：已知该班共有28人获得奖励，其中只获得两项奖励的有13人，那么该班获得奖励最多的一位同学可能获得的奖励为（ ）A ．3项B ．4项C ．5项D ．6项 二、填空题(每小题3分，共30分) 1、已知31b b a 2=-，那么ba的值为______. 2、不等式组⎩⎨⎧<->-0102x x 的解集是 ；3、如图1，∠2=115º，∠3=∠4，则∠1= 。
2024届山东省济宁市马营镇初级中学语文八年级第二学期期末学业质量监测试题含解析
2024届山东省济宁市马营镇初级中学语文八年级第二学期期末学业质量监测试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
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一、语文基础知识（12分）1．（2分）在下面语段的空白处，填上恰当的一句是（）六月，并不是好时候，没有春光，没有雪，没有秋意。
那几天有的是满湖烟雨，山光水色俱是一片迷蒙。
西湖，仿佛半睡半醒。
空气中，弥漫着经了雨的栀子花的甜香，使我记起。
A．白居易的诗句：“日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。
”B．苏东坡的诗句：“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇。
”C．林升的诗句：“山外青山楼外楼，西湖歌舞几时休。
”D．杜牧的诗句：“南朝四百八十寺，多少楼台烟雨中。
”2．（2分）下面对病句的修改不正确的一项是（）。
A．据调查，我国超80%左右的成年人全谷物摄入不足，导致维生素B、膳食纤维等的缺失。
（删去“超”或“左右”）B．通过在广州购书中心举办的《人生自由境界——郦波品诗词与人生》专题讲座，使更多年轻人深入了解了经典词。
（删掉“使”）C．有些家长为自己的孩子购置了多功能电话手表，是一种可以双向通话，能准确定位，并具有防水功能的电子设备。
（“电子设备”改为“电子产品”）D．一个人能取得卓越的成就，并不在于他就读的学校名气如何，而在于他是否具备成功的特质。
（在“一个人能”后面加“否”）3．（2分）下列句子没有语病的是（）A．国内外大型展会成为重庆小面拓展市场的重要舞台，实现产业化发展的重庆小面正朝着百亿元“名小吃”的目标迈步前行。
B．我市新能源汽车的生产和研发迈出了新步伐，跨上了新台阶，其中由广大消费者参与试驾的长安逸动EV460在大街小巷风头正健。
山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学2016-2017学年八年级上学期第一次月考生物试题(解析版)
2016-2017上学期八年级生物第一次质量检测一、选择题部分1. 植物果实内的种子数目取决于A. 受精卵的数目和子房内胚珠的数目B. 子房内胚珠的数目C. 受精极核的数目D. 花粉里精子的数目【答案】B【解析】试题分析：实和种子的形成如图所示：由图可知果实中种子的多少是由胚珠的多少决定的。
考点：果实和种子的形成。
2. 取一粒浸软的玉米种子(果实)，用刀片将种子从中央纵向剖开。
在剖面上滴一滴稀释的碘酒，再用放大镜仔细观察，被碘酒染成蓝色的是A. 果皮和种皮B. 胚C. 胚乳D. 胚芽、胚轴、胚根、子叶【答案】C【解析】试题分析：淀粉遇碘液变成蓝色，玉米种子中的营养物质是淀粉，玉米种子的营养物质主要储存在胚乳中，所以在玉米种子剖面上滴一滴碘酒，被碘酒染成蓝色的是胚乳，故选C。
考点：种子的结构。
3. 我们在吃玉米果穗时，常会发现有缺粒现象，其原因A. 缺乏水分B. 缺乏阳光C. 缺乏肥料D. 传粉不足【答案】D【解析】异花传粉往往容易受到环境条件的限制，得不到传粉的机会，如风媒传粉没有风，虫媒传粉因风大或气温低，而缺少足够昆虫飞出活动传粉等，从而降低传粉和受精的机会，影响到果实和种子的产量。
因此我们在吃玉米果穗时，常会发现有缺粒现象，其原因主要是传粉不足。
点睛：玉米的果穗常有缺粒现象，向日葵的子粒常有空瘪的，最大的可能是传粉不足也就是由于植物开花时，由于受外界因素的干扰，柱头没有接受到花粉而导致的。
4. 描述花生果实的谚语中所说“麻屋子”、“红帐子”、“白胖子”依次指的是A. 果皮、种皮、胚B. 果皮、种子、胚C. 子房、种子、胚D. 果实、种皮、胚【答案】A【解析】描述花生果实的谚语中所说“麻屋子”、“红帐子”、“白胖子”中，麻屋子是指果皮，是由子房壁发育而成，红帐子是种皮，是由胚珠的珠被发育而成的，白胖子指的是胚，是由胚珠里面的受精卵发育而成。
5. 在花的结构中，最主要的部分是A. 花柄B. 花被C. 花托D. 花蕊【答案】D【解析】试题分析：由于花蕊与果实和种子的形成有直接关系，所以，一朵花的最主要的部分是雄蕊和雌蕊（合称花蕊）。
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇中学2017-2018学年八年级上学期生物12月月考试题(解析版)
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇中学2017-2018学年八年级上学期生物12月月考试卷一、选择题1. 亲代的许多性状之所以在子代身上体现，原因是（）A. 精子和卵细胞中携带着亲代的性状B. 精子和卵细胞中携带着控制性状的基因C. 总在一起生活，长相就会相像D. 父母所有的性状都遗传给了子代【答案】B【解析】生物体的各种性状都是由基因控制的，性状的遗传实质上是亲代通过生殖细胞把基因传递给了子代，在有性生殖过程中，精子与卵细胞就是基因在亲子代间传递的桥梁．如图：故选B．2. 下列关于染色体的叙述中，正确的是（）A. 染色体是生物的主要遗传物质B. 每种生物的细胞内染色体的形态和数目都是一定的C. 生物体内的染色体数目只要变化不大，就不会导致严重的遗传病D. 每条染色体上都有许多个DNA分子【答案】B【解析】DNA是生物的主要遗传物质，呈双螺旋结构，A错误；每一种生物细胞内的染色体的形态和数目都是一定的，不同种生物细胞内的染色体的形态和数目不同，B正确；人的体细胞中，多了或者少了一条染色体，可能导致严重的遗传病，C错误；一条染色体上包含一个DNA分子，一个DNA分子上包含有多个基因，D错误。
3. 下列能正确反映所列各概念间关系的是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】考点：染色体、DNA和基因的关系。
分析：遗传信息载体的结构层次由简到繁的顺序：基因→DNA→染色体→细胞核→细胞。
解答：细胞核是遗传信息库，是细胞的控制中心；染色体是细胞核中容易被碱性染料染成深色的物质，染色体是由DNA和蛋白质两种物质组成；DNA是遗传信息的载体，主要存在于细胞核中，DNA分子为双螺旋结构，像螺旋形的梯子；DNA上决定生物性状的小单位，叫基因。
基因决定生物的性状。
一条染色体有一个DNA分子组成，一个DNA分子上有许多个基因。
因此，细胞、细胞核、染色体、DNA、基因大小关系如图：故选：A4. 20世纪90年代，我国科学家通过转基因技术将细菌的抗虫基因成功地转移到棉花的受精卵中，培育出抗虫效果明显的棉花新品种．以上事实说明（）A. 细胞中的基因具有显性与隐性之分B. 生物的性状由基因控制C. 基因存在于染色体上D. 细胞中的基因是成对存在的【答案】B【解析】试题分析：将细菌的抗虫基因转移到棉花的受精卵中，由于棉花体内具有细菌的抗虫基因，抗虫效果明显。
2018-2019学年山东省菏泽市郓城一中初中部八年级(上)期末政治试卷(解析版)
2018-2019学年山东省菏泽市郓城一中初中部八年级（上）期末政治试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）1.人民日报载文：“人非孤立存在，而是存在于一定的社会中。
因此，人的发展、人的素质提高，需要社会发展为之提供必需的物质和文化条件。
”从个人和社会的关系看，上述材料表明（）A. 个人与社会相互区别，不能等同B. 社会离不开个人，个人是组成社会的细胞C. 个人的生存、发展离不开社会D. 个人的存在和发展对社会产生巨大影响2.有一幅漫画描述了这样一个情景：一位父亲对着家里的电脑大声指责：“都是因为你，我儿子才经常考不及格！”对此，下列认识不正确的是（）A. 网络用于学习，利大于弊；沉迷玩乐，弊大于利B. 想提高成绩，父母必须禁止孩子上网C. 父亲对网络的认识有一定的片面性D. 青少年自身要提高自我保护意识，抵御来自网络的不良诱惑3.社会公共秩序是人类共同生活的需要，遵守社会公共秩序要从小事做起。
下列行为中属于遵守社会公共秩序的是（）A. 经常收拾自己的房间B. 主动扶起路边跌倒的老人C. 排队上下车，有序进出站D. 阻止流浪者乘坐公交车4.下列的表现中属于尊重他人的是（）①在商场里光着膀子浑身是汗②无视交通警察的指挥，我行我素③上课认真听讲，认真回答老师提出的问题④对队友的成功给予真诚的称赞。
A. ①②B. ③④C. ①③D. ②④5.“君子不失足于人，不失色于人，不失口于人”是中国的古训，意思是：有道德的人举止应彬彬有礼，态度不能粗暴傲慢，更不能出言不逊。
可见（）①礼貌待人是中华民族的传统美德②文明礼貌能通过端庄的举止体现出来③礼貌促进社会和谐④对人礼貌主要表现在语言、态度和行为等方面A. ①②④B. ①②③C. ①③④D. ②③④6.2017年3月18日，一名旅客在从宁波飞往昆明的航班上谎称其同伴携带了炸弹。
飞机抵达昆明机场后，这名旅客因涉嫌扰乱公共秩序被机场公安治安拘留15日。
【解析版】山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初八年级中学学年八年级(下)
2014学年山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级（下）期末物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（每空1分，共14分）1．（2分）人们常说：“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”．从物理学角度来理解这句话，前半句﹣﹣“宝剑锋从磨砺出”是说利用减小受力面积的方法，可以来增大压强．可知，要增大压强有三种方法：一是当压力一定时，减小受力2．（2分）一架我国自行研制的歼8Ⅱ型战斗机的质量为1.5×103kg，发动机用8×104N的推力使飞机在10s内前进5000m，则飞机推力的功率为4×107W．为使飞机飞上蓝天，人们把飞机的机翼做成图的形状，是利用在气体中流速越大的位置压强越小（填“大”或“小”）的原理，使机翼上下表面产生压力差，从而产生升力．解决功率的=3．（4分）为保护船只的通行，打击猖狂的海盗，中国海军护航编队169舰、171舰及微山湖号补给舰于2008年12月26日下午1点从三亚出发，开赴亚丁湾．军舰在匀速驶向亚丁湾的过程中，由于消耗了燃料，则军舰所受到的浮力变小，所排开水的体积变小；其动能变小，重力势能不变（“变大”“不变”或“变小”）．4．（4分）图中，甲、乙两容器中盛满水，置于水平桌面上，两容器的容积相同，形状互为倒置则两容器对水平桌面的压力相比较F甲=F乙，对桌面的压强相比较P甲＜P乙，水对容器底部的压强相比较P甲′=P乙′，水对容器底部的压力相比较F甲′＞F乙′．（填“＞”“=”或“＜”），倒置后底面积减小，，．5．（2分）日常生活常见的物品中，铡刀属于省力杠杆，食品夹子属于费力杠杆．（填“费力”、“省力”或“等臂”）．二、选择题（每题2分，共20分．请将个体的正确选项填在下面表格对应的位置上）6．（2分）如图所示，公路两侧的甲、乙两条水渠由路面下的倾斜涵洞相连，两渠水面相平，涵洞中的水流方向，正确的说法是（）7．（2分）（2008•河南）少林功夫名扬天下，“二指禅”绝活令人称奇．表演时，人体倒立，只用中指和食指支撑全身的重量，如图．这时两手指对地面的压强最接近于（）==8．（2分）（2010•包头）如图所示，小鱼在水中吐出气泡，在气泡升至水面的过程中，体积会逐渐变大．下列关于气泡受到的浮力和气泡内气体的压强变化情况的描述中．正确的是（）9．（2分）（2007•山东）（菏泽市）在做托里拆利实验时，下列情况会对测量结果产生影响10．（2分）（2006•大连）西藏地区海拔高．关于西藏地区的气压与水的沸点，下列说法正13．（2分）（2012•内乡县模拟）如图所示，用滑轮组提升重物时，重800N的物体在10s内匀速上升了1m．已知拉绳子的力F为500N，则提升重物的过程中（）计算出拉力的功率．判断出===100W=80%14．（2分）（2006•白银）赵晶和王霞两同学讨论大气压的应用，举出了下列四种事例，其15．（2分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，甲、乙两支完全相同的试管，分别装有质量相等的液体，甲试管竖直放置，乙试管倾斜放置，两试管液面相平．设液体对两试管底的压强分别为p甲和p乙，则（）可知三、作图题（16题4分，17题2分，共6分）16．（4分）在我国古代，简单机械就有许多巧妙的应用，护城河上安装的吊桥装置就是一个例子，如图所示，在拉起吊桥的过程中，请你在图中画出动力臂L1和阻力F2．17．（2分）（2007•安徽）站在地面上的人想用尽可能小的力提升水桶．请在图中画出滑轮组绳子的绕法．四、实验探究题（18题6分，19题6分，20题4分，共22分）18．（6分）（2007•淮安）小明同学利用砝码、小桌、装有沙子的容器等实验器材，做“探究压力作用的效果”实验，如图甲所示．（1）保持小桌对沙子的压力不变，改变小桌与沙子的接触面积，小明发现接触面积越大．小桌陷入沙子越浅，说明压力的作用效果与受力面积的大小有关．（2）保持小桌与沙子的接触面积不变，改变小桌对沙子的压力，小明发现压力越大，小桌陷入沙子越深，说明压力的作用效果与压力的大小有关．（3）实验过程中，压力的作用效果是通过沙子的形变程度表现出来的．（4）小明将小桌和砝码又放到一块木板上，如图乙所示，比较甲、乙两种情况后，小明认为压力的作用效果还与接触面的材料有关，请对此结论作出简要评价．压力的作用效果是使物体发生形变，在压力大小和受力面积相同时，接触面材料不同，形变也不同，压力作用效果与接触面材料有关．19．（6分）（2009•丰泽区）某小组在测滑轮组的机械效率时得到的数据如下表所示，实验是用图甲做的实验，实验2是用图乙做的实验．（2）通过实验1和实验2的数据分析可得出结论：使用不同的滑轮组提升相同的重物时，动滑轮的个数越多，滑轮组的机械效率越小．（3）比较实验1和实验3可得结论：使用同一套滑轮组，增加钩码的重可以提高滑轮组的机械效率．n=段n==20．（4分）（2004•无锡）如图是研究小球动能与小球的质量和速度关系的实验装置示意图．表中记录了用甲、乙两球分别进行实验的数据．由表中数据可知：甲球的动能小于（选填”大于”、”小于”、或”等于”）乙球的动能；在质量和速度两个物理量中，对动能影响较大的五、计算题（8分）21．（8分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，边长为10cm的实心正方体木块，密度为0.6×103kg/m3，静止在装有足量水的容器中，且上下底面与水面平行，求：（1）木块的质量；（2）木块在水中所受浮力的大小；（3）木块浸在水中的体积；（4）水对木块下底面的压强．（取g=10N/kg），得===0.06m。
山东省郓城一中初中部2018-2019学年度八年级语文下学期期末学业水平测试(扫描版)
2018――2019学年度第二学期期末学业水平测试初二语文试题参考答案及评分标准1.D(2分)(A间jiàn B瞭liào C哺bǔ)2.D(2分)(A自圆其说 B打抱不平 C抉择)3.B(2分)4.A(2分)(B语序不当。
将“解决并发现”改为“发现并解决”C搭配不当。
改为“空气质量不断改善”D句式杂糅。
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)5.B(2分)(《庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上》节选自《秋水》)6.(1)海运则将徙于南冥 (2)讲信修睦 (3)晓驾炭车辗冰辙 (4)曲径通幽处 (5)挥手自兹去，萧萧班马鸣。
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（2分，意思对即可） (2)保尔在神父家补课时，把一撮烟末撒在神父家的复活节蒸蛋糕用的面团上了随母亲在车站的食堂里负责烧茶炉(4分。
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艾子用体罚来教育孙子，艾子的儿子溺爱自己的儿子。
山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学2019-2020学年八年级下学期开学考试数学试题(无答案)
初二下册数学测试卷(1-3章）注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;3.考试结束后只交答题卡。
卷I（选择题）一、选择题（本题共计 10 小题，每题 3 分，共计30分）1. 如图，△ABC中，AB=AC=10，BC=8，AD平分∠BAC交BC于点D，点E为AC的中点，连接DE，则△CDE的周长为（）A.20B.12C.14D.132. 等腰三角形一腰上的高与另一腰的夹角为30∘，则顶角的度数为（）A.60∘B.120∘C.60∘或150∘D.60∘或120∘3. 下列说法不正确的是：()A.一个命题是真命题，它的逆命题不一定是真命题B.在一个角的内部，到角两边距离相等的点在这个角的平分线上C.不等式两边都乘以或除以同一个数，不等号方向不变D.成中心对称的两个图形中，对应点所连线段经过对称中心，且被对称中心平分4. 如图，在△ABC中，∠ACB＝90∘，BE平分∠ABC，ED⊥AB于D．如果∠A＝30∘，AE＝8cm，那么CE等于（）A.1cmB.2cmC.3cmD.4cm5. 下列式子，其中不等式有（）①2>0；②4x+y≤1；③x+3＝0；④y−7；⑤m−2.5>3．A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个6. 如果a<b<0，下列不等式中错误的是（）A.ab>0B.a+b<0C.a<1 D.a−b<0b7. 如图，数轴上所表示关于x的不等式组的解集是()8. 下列图形变换中，是平移变换的为( )A. B. C. D.9. 如图是我国几家银行的标志，其中既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是（ ）A.B.C.D. 10. 若线段AB//y 轴，且AB =3，点A 的坐标为(2,1)，现将线段AB 先向左平移1个单位，再向下平移2个单位，则平移后B 点的坐标为( )A.(1,2)B.(1,−4)C.(−1,−1)或(5,−1)D.(1,2)或(1,−4)卷II （非选择题）二、 填空题 （本题共计 6 小题 ，每题 3 分 ，共计18分 ）11. 用反证法证明“a <b ”时，应假设________．12. 如图，在△ABC 中，∠C =90∘，∠ABC =60∘，BD 平分∠ABC，若AD=6，则AC=________．13. 如图,OC是∠BOA的平分线，PE⊥OB，PD⊥OA，若PE=4，则PD=________．14. 如果−3x n−1<2是一元一次不等式，则n=________，其解集是________．15. 一次函数y=kx+b的图象如图所示，则当kx+b>0时，x的取值范围为________．16. 如图，△ACD≌△ECB，A、C、B在一条直线上，且A和E是一对对应顶点，如果∠BCE=130∘，那么将△ACD绕着C点顺时针旋转________度与△ECB重合．三、解答题（本题共计 8 小题，共计72分，）17. （6分） 解下列不等式，并把它的解集在数轴上表示出来． 4−2(x −3)≥4(x +1)18. （8分） 解不等式组{x −1>2x 12x +3≤−1 ，并把解集在数轴上表示出来．19.(8分) 如图，在△ABC 中，∠C =90∘.(1)用尺规作图法作∠ABC 的平分线BD ，交AC 于点D ，(保留作图痕迹,不要求写作法和证明)；(2)若BD =AD =2，求BC .20.(10分) 如图，△ABC 中，AD ⊥BC ，EF 垂直平分AC ，交AC 于点F ，交BC 于点E ，且BD =DE ．（1）若∠BAE=40∘，求∠C的度数；（2）若△ABC周长13cm，AC=6cm，求DC长．21.(10分) 如图，在△ABC中，D为BC上一点，BD=CD，AD⊥AC于点A，∠BAD=30∘．AB；（1）求证：AC=12（2）当AB=4，AD=√3时，求S△ABD．22.(10分) 如图，在平面直角坐标系中，每个小正方形的边长为1，点A的坐标为(−3, 2)．请按要求分别完成下列各小题：(1)把△ABC向下平移4个单位得到△A1B1C1，画出△A1B1C1，点A1的坐标是________；(2)画出△ABC关于y轴对称的△A2B2C2；点C2的坐标是________；(3)求△ABC的面积．23.(10分) 如图，在Rt△ABC中∠A＝90°，CM平分∠ACB交AB边于点M，过点M作MN//BC交AC边于点N，且MN平分∠AMC，若AN=2.(1)求∠B的度数；(2)求CN的长.24.(10分) 某商场计划购进一批甲、乙两种玩具，已知一件甲种玩具的进价与一件乙种玩具的进价的和为40元，用90元购进甲种玩具的件数与用150元购进乙种玩具的件数相同．(1)求每件甲种、乙种玩具的进价分别是多少元？(2)商场计划购进甲、乙两种玩具共48件，其中甲种玩具的件数少于乙种玩具的件数，商场决定此次进货的总资金不超过1000元，求商场共有几种进货方案？。
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯初级中学2017-2018学年度第一学期第二次月考八年级英语试题[含答案]
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郓城县随官屯中学第一学期第二次月度单元检测八年级英语试题一、单项选择（每小题1分，满分10分做完后答案写在第4页，否则不予批改）1.—When is Thanksgiving? —It’s ___________Thursday in November.A. on fourthB. on the fourthC. in the fourthD. in fourth,,2._______ yogurt do you need?A. HowB. How muchC.How oftenD. How many3.First put some salt on the water, and then ______.A. mix them upB. mix up themC. mix it upD. mix up it4.I need two _______.A. spoon of honeyB. spoons of honeysC. spoons of honeyD. spoon of honeys5.What _____ the future ____ ?A. will, likeB. is, likeC. will be, likeD. will, be like6.There ________ an English film this evening.A. willB. is going to haveC. is going to beD. will have7.Japanese scientistscan made robots _______.A. to walkB. walkingC. walkD. walked8.Some jobs are so______,but robots will not feel _______.A. boring, boringB. bored, boredC. bored, boringD. boring, bored,,,9.My brother is going to Canada when he ______up.A. growsB. growC. will growD. grew10.14. Jim put the turkey on a plate, then _______it into pieces .A. cutB. cutted C cuts D. cutting11.15.Not everyone_____ what they want to be in the future.A.knowsB. knowC. toknowD. knowing12.I think we should plant_______trees and use ________water.A. more, lessB. fewer, fewerC. fewer, lessD. less, fewer13.It’s getting dark. Can you ______ the light?A. turn offB. turn onC. turn overD. turn down,14.I am going to take _________A. piano lessonB. piano lessonsC. pianos lessonD. piano15.Ale is studying in________ university and he wants to be_______ engineer.A. a; aB. a; anC. an; aD. an; an16.A student may have ______ more time ______A. to find, to studyB. to find, studyC. find, to studyD. find, study17. We should cook the beef for _________10 minutes.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others18. ___ the beginning of the year, we often make resolutions.A. At,B. On,C. In,D. From,19. The book will be _____paper. A. at, B. on, C. in, D. /20. Will people use money ____100 years?A. at,B. on,C. in,D. / 第二节：完形填空（每小题1分，满分10分做完后答案写在第4页，否则不予批改）What will our life be like in the future？Each family will have a __1__in the future. Y ou can ask it to do everything__2__you. It will serve you__3__hours a day. The robot will__4__like a human. It can talk with you when you are __5__. You won't know whether it is a human__6__ a robot when you meet it on the street. People will have__7__time to work and more time to travel. The vehicles 交通工具in the future will fly freely in the sky because every vehicle will have wings with it. They will__8__ you to any place you want to visit. You can go to__9__during your travel when you feel tired. All vehicles will be__10__because they're driven by robots.21.A．rocket B．robot C．car puter22.A．on B．about C．around D．for23.A．eight B.twenty C．twenty-four D．forty-eight24.A．sound B．live C．look D．take25.A．happy B．alone C．comfortable D．ill26.A．so B．and C．or D．but27.A．less B．few C．more D．most28.A．make B．take C．let D．turn29.A．school B．work C．parks D．sleep30.A．safe B．dangerous C．unpleasant D．impossible第三节：阅读理解(15小题, 每小题2分，满分30分)做完后答案写在第4页，否则不予批改）AThe Spring Festival is the biggest festival for Chinese people all around the world. The celebration usuallylasts for 15 days. There is a lot to do.On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have big meals. Their favorite dish on this day is dumplings.Days before the Spring Festival, families will clean their homes. People think cleaning sweeps away badluck. It makes the house ready for good luck.The color red is everywhere during the Spring Festival. People think red is a happy colour and will bringthem a bright future. People wear red, too. They decorate (装饰) their homes with pieces of red paper. Kidsget a lot of "hongbao". It is a red paper bag with money in it. Usually, older people give younger ones hongbao. They think it brings good luck.The Spring Festival is the time to make everybody happy. So don't say any bad words or do anything that will bring unhappiness to other people.For instance, you'd better not say any bad words like "death". Don't break anything. People think that itmeans your luck is running out.Also, don't borrow or lend money on these days. If you have borrowed money, return it before theSpring Festival.31.What do most people do on the eve of the Spring Festival?A. Family members gather for a big meal.B. Friends eat dumplings together.C. They borrow money from friends.D. They give each other hongbao.32.Why do people clean their houses days before the Spring Festival?A. Because they enjoy being clean.B. Because it is believed that cleaning will sweep away bad luck.C. Because they think it will bring happiness to others.D. Because it is thought that cleaning brings inmoney.33.Which of the following things is not supposed to happen during the Spring Festival?A. Returning money before the Spring Festival.B. Saying words that have to do with death.C. Wearing red clothes.D. Decorating houses with red paper.34.The underlined phrase "running out" probably means "____".A. 跑出去B. 打碎C. 耗尽D. 离开35.We can tell from the story that the Spring Festival is ____.A. a time of harvest and funB. celebrated for one whole monthC. only celebrated in ChinaD. a time for families to get togetherBTom and Fred are talking about the year 2020. “What will our world be like in the year 2020?” asks Tom.“I don’t know,” says Fred.“What do you think?” asks Tom.“Well, no one knows, but it’s interesting to guess,” says Fred.“In the year 2020 everyone will carry a pocket computer. The computer will give people the answer to all their problem. We will have telephones in our pockets, too, and we will be able to talk to our friends,” says Tom.“A lot of people will live and work under the sea. Machines will do most of the work, and so people will have more holidays. They will be able to fly to the moon by spaceship and spend their holi days there,” says Fred. “And I hope I will be able to live under the sea,” says Tom. “Won’t that be very interesting? Just like a fish.”36.Tom and Fred are talking about _______.A．their school life B．some interesting informationC．their life now D．their life in the future37.Machines will do _______ of the work.A．most B．some C．much D．little38.In 2020, we’ll talk to friends at all times and everywhere, because we’ll have ______.A．pocket computers B．more holidays C．pocket telephones D．go on sale39.Tom says _______.A．he likes fish very much B．he’d like to live under the sea like a fish.C．he will go fishing under the sea. D．he will spend holidays on the moon.40.Which of the following is NOT mentioned?A．People will be able to fly to the moon in a spaceship. B．People will have more holidays.C．Many people will live and work under the sea. D．People will build farms under the sea.CThe best thing about going to school is learning how to read. Books are great friends. They can help you to learn about anything you want to know. They can go anywhere with you. You can read about animals, faraway places, people, and anything else.Books are written by people called authors(作者). Authors think of things they want to write about. They make a plan for a book and start to write .Some authors write books that give us information(信息)and teach us things. Authors are very important people because they help us learn. Find a good book to read and read every day .You will enjoy your time with a good book. 41.What can you read about in books?A. Animals.B. People.C. Places.D. All of the above42.What is the best part about going to school?A. Playing.B. Having lunch.C. Learning to read.D. Seeing friends.43.What are authors?A. They are people who drive cars.B. They are people who live in big houses.C. They are people who write books.D. They are people who have animals.44.What do authors do before they write a book?A. They think about what they want to write about.B. They eat lunch.C. They make a plan for the book.D. Both A and C.45.Authors are important people because .A. they sing great songsB. they help us learnC. they take time to playD. they have animals第II部分主观题第四节任务型阅读理解（10分做完后答案写在第4页，否则不予批改）It was a Saturday afternoon. Mr Green was reading a newspaper ___①_____ he heard his wife crying in the next room. He hurried to her and asked, "What happened, my dear?""Oh,dear!" his wife called out. "My head hurts! Send for a doctor. Hurry up!"Their two children were both out at that moment and something was wrong with the telephone. ②Mr Green had to go to a hospital himself . Bad luck! That day all the hospitals in the town were closed. Mr Green didn't know where to go. Just then a friend of his saw him and asked,"What is the matter?"Mr Green told his friend. The man said,"Why not go to Mr Black? He can help you. "Mr Green was told by his friend Mr Black was a good doctor. He hurried toMr Black. When he got there, Mr and Mrs Black were having their evening meal.The doctor asked Mr Green to drink with him. He was happy and sat at the table.After that they began to chat(聊天). And when Mrs Black asked," How is your wife?" "She is fine,thanks..."Mr Green stopped at once-he remembered his wife was waiting for a doctor at home.46.What was wrong（错误，毛病）with Mrs Green on a Saturday afternoon?_____________________________________________________47.Who helped Mr Green when he didn’t know where to go ?_____________________________________________________48.What was the doctor doing when Mr Green found him?He was________________________________________________49.文中①处应该填如连词_____________________.50.将文中画线的句子②译成汉语。
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2022八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2022-2022学年八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择：15分1 I ___ thin there ____ more e, come B wi come, comeC come, wi comeD wi come, wi come10 Tom aed me _____ him a boo A give B to give C giving D gave11 –How ong ha the weather been ie thi - ______A Unti at nightB Since at nightC Two da agoD Two da ater12 The bo awa ta there for ____A one and haf hourB one and a hafC one and a haf hourD one and a haf hour13 It’ too hot Woud ou mind ____ the doorA to oChinae bac”bright ight in the wa______A the unB VenuC a machineD a e the trange beingD the wanted to ee thetrange being ver muchBHundred of ear ago, ife wa much harder than it i toda odern machine Life toda habrou ght new e angr more eai Air e, ocut change to the ame brown coor a croe broenuae food from unight, water and thing in the oi and aira can on ue the un’ energ after it ha been changed into foodb e anima feed directon aer anima Meat-eating anima are on eating an being（人类） We are member of manfood chain We eat wheat, rice, vegetabe, fruit and o on We ao eat meat and drin miBut men often brea ua and mae the river, ae, and ea dirt When thee river, ae andea are cannot be eaten If men eat the fih, the wi get trange dieae疾病Each form 形式, 方式 of ife i ined to a the other Breaing the in ae food from_______________________________________________________________________________ 4、在文中找出与下面意思相近的句子并写在下列的横线上。
山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学八年级物理下册10.1在流体中的运动 学案
§10.1在流体中的运动【学习目标细解考纲】（1）、让学生初步知道流体具有流动性．（2）、了解流体流动时压强的特点．（3）、让学生初步了解机翼升力产生的原因．（4）、培养学生用所学流体的压强知识分析解决实际问题的能力【知识梳理双基再现】一、伯努利原理做一做：１．向乒乓球中间吹气，两球会向中间靠近，说明中间的压强较_______(“大或小”），原因是中间气体的流速较_______(“大或小”）。
２．向两张纸片中间吹气，两张纸片会向______靠近。
(“中间或两边”）说明中间的压强较_______(“大或小”），原因是中间气体的流速较_______(“大或小”）。
３．用注射器向两船中间喷水，两船会向_______靠近。
(“中间或两边”）说明中间的压强较_______(“大或小”），原因是中间气体的流速较_______(“大或小”）。
４．向水平管子吹气，竖直管子的管口处气体的流速会_______(“减慢、不变、加快）。
压强会_______（减小、不变、增大），竖直管中的水会_______（下降、上升）。
总结规律：流体在______________的地方压强小，流速小的地方压强_______。
这个规律叫做_____________________原理。
二、飞机的升力飞机前进时，机翼与周围空气发生相对运动，相当于有空气迎面流过机翼。
飞机的机翼形状如右图所示，在相同时间里，机翼上方的气流流过的路程较长，因而速度较__________，上方的气体对机翼向下的压强较__________；下方气流流过的路程较短，因而速度较__________，下方的气流对机翼向上的压强较_________，因而在机翼上下表面形成压强差，这就产生了向上的升力。
【小试身手轻松过关】1．想象一下，如果在气体和液体中流速越大的地方压强也越大，则不会出现的情况是（）A．飞机翅膀的截面形状应该反过来B．两艘并列同向行驶的船不会相撞C．火车站不必设置安全线D．再怎么用力喷雾器也喷不出雾来2．沙漠中有一个沙丘如右图所示，当水平方向的风不断吹过沙丘时，沙丘会慢慢（）A．向左移动B．向右移动C．仍停在原处D．无法确定3．龙卷风的实质是高速旋转的气流，它能把地面上的物体或人畜“吸”起卷入空中（如图所示），龙卷风能“吸”起物体的主要原因是（）A．龙卷风内部的气压远小于外部的大气压B．龙卷风增大了空气对物体的浮力C．龙卷风使物体受到的重力变小了D．龙卷风产生了强大的静电，将物体吸上天空4.下图是北美草原犬鼠洞穴的横截面示意图。
山东省菏泽市鄄城县随官屯镇初级中学【最新】八年级上学期第一次月考生物试题
山东省菏泽市鄄城县随官屯镇初级中学【最新】八年级上学期第一次月考生物试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．“借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村”。
一朵正常的杏花，最主要的部分是（）A．花蕊B．雄蕊C．雌蕊D．花冠2．根适于吸水的特点是（）A．成熟区有大量根毛B．有分生区C．有伸长区D．有根冠3．园林工人移栽树木时，常采取一些措施来提高成活率，下列措施及原因分析中错误的是（）A．移栽前根部带一个土坨，可保护树木的幼根和根毛B．移栽前去掉一部分枝叶，可以减弱树木的蒸腾作用C．移栽后给树木输入营养液，可为根部提供营养物质D．移栽后保持较强的光照条件，可促进叶的光合作用4．人工辅助受粉的意义是（）A．可以弥补自然状态下异花传粉的不足B．使植物提前开花结果，产生种子C．协助植物的自花传粉D．虫媒花在自然环境下传粉的几率很低5．种子萌发时需要一定的条件，霉烂的种子不能萌发是因为A．缺水B．温度低C．缺空气D．胚不完整6．花粉受精后继续发育的结构是（）A．花冠B．柱头C．子房D．雄蕊7．某同学为探究光照对种子的萌发有无影响，设计如下探究方案:将两份等量的大豆种子分别放在两个培养皿中，均置于30°C和水分适量、空气充足的环境下，一个给予光照，另一个放在黑暗中。
10天后，两个培养皿中的种子均未萌发。
最可能的原因是A．种子无生命B．环境温度太高C．光照不适宜D．实验时间太短8．下图为花的结构示意图，下列有关此图的各种说法中，错误的是（）A．这朵花的主要部分是[8]雄蕊和[9]雌蕊B．若每个花瓣细胞含有n条染色体，则7中的染色体也为n条C．[7]受精后形成的受精卵将来发育成种子中的胚D．[5]子房由子房壁和胚珠组成，它将来发育成植物的果实9．茎是大多数植物生长在地上的营养器官，其中具有运输有机物功能的部位是（）A．周皮B．韧皮部C．形成层D．木质部10．某名贵花卉感染了植物病毒，叶呈现泡疱状，欲培育无病毒的后代，应采取的方法是（）A．用带毒植株的种子培养后代B．用带毒植株无明显症状的枝条进行扦插C．用带毒植株的茎尖进行组织培养诱导出植株D．用带毒植株的叶进行组织培养诱导植株11．如图是绿色开花植物受精过程示意图。
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题 人教新目标版
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择：15分( )1. I ___ think there ____ more pollution.A. /, won’t beB. don’t, will beC. /, won’t haveD. don’t, have( )2. I’m going to be a doctor ____ five years. A. after B. during C. in D. for( )3. You always say ____ words as our teacher. A. so B. as C. the D. the same ( )4. She has ____ to buy a car.A. money enoughB. many moneyC. enough moneyD. a few money( )5. Is there ____ in the classroom now?A. someone elseB. else someoneC. anyone elseD. else anyone( )6. ___the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.A. WhileB. WhenC. WhatD. Where( )7. This book is very ___ and I am ____ in it.A. interest, interestB. interesting, interestedC. interested, interestingD. interested, interested( )8. –Could you please tell me ____? -It’s next to the post office.A. where is the supermarketB. where the supermarket isC. where was the supermarketD. where the supermarket was( )9. I want to know if he _____ tomorrow. If he _____, let me know.A. come, comesB. will come, comesC. comes, will comeD. will come, will come( )10. Tom asked me _____ him a book. A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave ( )11. –How long has the weather been like this? - ______.A. Until last nightB. Since last nightC. Two days agoD. Two days later ( )12. The boy always stays there for ____.A. one and half hourB. one and a halfC. one and a half hourD. one and a half hours( )13. It’s too hot. Would you mind ____ the door?A. to open B. opening C. opens D. opened( )14. He often helps me ____ my English. A. on B. with C. at D. in ( )15. The young man is _____ to carry the heavy stone.A. enoughB. too strongC. so strongD. strong enough二、完型填空：10分There is good news for the children in the countryside. We may still remember the girl 21 big eyes. Her big eyes are 22 us her dream: I wish to 23 ! In China, there are still 24 girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their25 are too poor. If the family has two or three children, it is harder to 26 the money for all the children. So the parents often ask 27 to stay at home, and boysto go to school.Now they needn’t 28 the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for freein some poor places. They don’t have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can even get money from the government to make their life 29 . Soon, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All families are very happy with the news. It is 30 great.( )1. A. with B. on C. to D. in( )2. A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. talking ( )3. A. go to work B. go to bed C. go to school D. go home ( )4. A. a lot B. lot of C. a lot of D. much ( )5. A. schools B. cities C. houses D. families ( )6. A. pay B. take C. buy D. lend( )7. A. teachers B. girls C. boys D. all the children( )8. A. look up B. turn on C. worry about D. make sure ( )9. better B. shorter C. longer D. worse ( )10. A. not B. never C. hardly D. really三、阅读理解：4 0分A.One day an Australian farmer, Joe, saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field nearby.The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings(怪物) climbed out. They seemed to be half man and half bird. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship. They asked him questions about Earth. “We’ re from Venus(金星)，”they said, “but it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we haven’ t much time left. We are trying to find a new home.”After some time they freed Joe and at last the space-ship took off and could not be seen.Joe told his friends about the spacemen, but no one believed(相信) his story. “You will believe me one day”, Joe told them. “The spacemen will come back...”( ) 1.The bright light in the sky was______.A. the sunB. VenusC. a machineD. a spaceship( ) 2.The strange beings came to Earth to______.A. visit JoeB. catch JoeC. find a new homeD. live with Joe( ) 3.Joe was ______the spaceship.A. invited toB. afraid ofC. carried intoD. happy to get into( )4.The strange beings ______before they let him go.A . had asked Joe to mend their machine B. had asked Joe several questionsC. had given Joe some wiresD. had made Joe help them find a new place( )5.People didn’ t believe Joe because______.A. he told a lieB. it hadn’ t been seen beforeC. they didn’ t we lcome the strange beingsD. they wanted to see the strange beings very muchB.Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. Life today has brou ght new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water, noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.Polluted air from cars, planes and factories is to thick that it is like a quilt(被子)over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog(烟雾). Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away. And they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car, if there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.Rules are not enough, every person must help to fight pollution.( )6. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _____.A. there were fewer modern machines at that time than today.B. people didn’t like to use modern medicines.C. there were no modern machines at all.D. there were not so many people( )7. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?A. Dirty water. B. Smog. C. Noise.D. Pollution.( )8. The most serious kind of pollution is ______.A. noise pollutionB. air pollutionC. water pollutionD. from waste things( )9. Factories must clean their water ______.A. before they use itB. when they use itC. after i t is thrown awayD. before it is thrown away( )10. From the passage we know that ____.A. a few years ago, there was no smog at allB. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voiceC. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakesD. people are making rules in order to fight pollutionC.Do you know why different animals or pests(昆虫)have their special c olors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts(蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters(猎人). This is because they have the colors much like thetrees.Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over(散开), its enemies(敌人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.( )11. From the passage we learn that locusts _______.A. are small animalsB. are easily found by birdsC. are dangerous to their enemiesD. change their colors to protect themselves( )12. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?A. They run away quickly.B. They have the colors much like their enemies.C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.D. They have to move quietly. ( )13. Bears and lions can keep safe because _______.A. they have the colors much like the treesB. they move quietlyC. they like brown and gray colorsD. they live in forests( )14. Why can the kind of fish live up to now?A. Because it is very strong.B. Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemiesC. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.D. Because it swims faster than any other fish.( )15. W hich is the best title for this passage?A. The Change of Colors for Animals and PestsB. Colors of Different Animals and PestsC. The Main Use of Colors for Animals and PestsD. Some Animals and Pests四、选词填空：10分much, arm, wait, see, when, spend, she, worry, have, growOnly Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life. 51 you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as pos sible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her 52 . When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 53 . When you are 54 up day and day, she feels very happy. When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tell s you to put on 55 clothes. She always stands in the wind 56 for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels 57 about you at home. She usually knows about your study and 58 much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be 59 on her face. Mother is always ready to give everything she 60 to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love forever(永远).1. ________2. ________3. ________4. _________5. _______6. ________7. ________8. ________9. _________ 10. ________五、句型转换：10分1. The teacher told us, “The earth travels around the sun.” (改为间接引语)The teacher told us _____ the earth ______ around the sun.2. I’ve been skating for 2 hours.(对画线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ you beenskating?3. They were doing their homework at six yesterday.(改为否定句)They ______ ______ their homework at six yesterday.4. He would like to play games with his friends. (同义句)He ____ ___ play games withhis friends.5. It looks like rain, ______ _______(反意疑问句)?六、任务型阅读。
山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年七年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题 人教
某某省某某市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年七年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择。
(每小题各1分，计15分)( )1 Is ___ woman in red your mother? –Yes. She is ____ teacher and works in our school.A. the, /B. a, theC. the, aD. a, a( )2. --- What _____ your mother ______?--- She’s a r eporter.A. does, doB. are, doC. do, doD. are, does( )3. ____ do you live and_____ language can you speak?A. Where, whereB. Where, whatC. What, whatD. What, what( )4. --- Is there a post office _______ the neighborhood?--- Yes, it’s on Center Str eet _______ the right.A. on, inB. in, onC. in, downD. on, down( )5. I like _____ dolphin shows. They are interesting.A. readingB. lookingC. watchingD. seeing( )6. Can you ____ it in English? --- Sorry, I can’t ____ English.A. speak, tellB. speak, talkC. talk, sayD. say, speak( )7. There ____________ a bank and two pay phones near here.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is( )8. --What do you want to be?--I want to be _______. I like talking to people and writing.A. a reporterB. a waiterC. an actorD. a bank clerk( )9. ---______is the weather in Shanghai?--- ______windy.A. What ; It’sB. How ; It’sC. How ; ItsD. What ; Its( )10. The students often________ games after class. They ______ volleyball over there now.A. play, are playingB. are playing, playC. play, playD. are playing, are playing( )11 Thank you for _____ the school play.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinsD. is joining( )12.---Let’s ____. ---- Sounds good. I like thrillers.A. play sportsB. go shoppingC. go to a movieD. have dinner( )13. What do you do when it _____? --- I often stay at home and read books.A. rainingB. rainC. rainsD. is rains( )14. ---Isn’t it cute?---_______. I like it very much.A. Yes，it isn’tB. No，it isC. Yes，it isD. No, it isn’t.( )15. Thanks for telling me the way to the post office.A. SureB. Pretty good.C. You’re weleD. Excuse me二、完形填空 (每小题各1分，计10分)The sun is shining and it’s very hot. 31 many people don’t want to go out after 32 . Mrs West has to(不得不) 33 her father at the airport. Her fa ther doesn’t feel well, he wants to see a 34 in the city hospital.Now she’s 35 in the street. There 36 no trees and she feels very 37 . But she’s too 38 and can’t walk fast(快). Suddenly she finds(发现) a 39 walking behind her. She gets angry and her face tu rns red. “Why are you walking 40 me, boy?” She asks strictly. “It’s cooler”. The boy answers. .( )16. A、But B、Because C、So D、Then( )17. A、breakfast B、dinner C、supper D、lunch( )18. A、watch B、meet C、help D、ask( )19. A、nurse B、waiter C、policeman D、doctor( )20. A、walking B、walks C、walk D、to walk( )21. A、be B、is C、are D、am( )22. A、cold B、cool C、relaxed D、hot( )23. A、happy B、fat C、short D、tall( )24. A、boy B、man C、woman D、dog( )25. A、on B、in front of C、behind D、across from三、阅读理解 (每小题2分，计30分)(A)SUNNY SCHOOLWe are a bilingual(双语) school for children of 6-15. We want a cook, a library assistant, a sports coach and a language teacher.Job Age Language Skill Other terms(其它条件)cook 25~40 Chinese can cook Chinese and Western(西方) food healthylibrary assistant 20~35 Chinese,English has the knowledge(知识) on all kinds of books careful(仔细)sports coach 20~40 Chinese, English major in(主修) P.E. healthy strongteacher 30~45 Chinese,English major in English --( )26. Who can’t go to SunnySchool?A. A four-year-old child.B. An eleven-year-old boy.C. A fifteen-year-old girlD. An eight-year-old kid.( )27. Who is not wanted by SunnySchool?A. A PE teacher.B. An English teacher.C. A library assistantD. A math teacher.( )28. We know ______ may not speak English in SunnySchool.A. the sports coachB. the cookC. the library assistantD. the language teacher( )29. The coach must major in _______.A. ChineseB. EnglishC. foodD. P.E.( )30 The Sunny School wants a teacher ________.A. aged between 25 and 40B. who can cook Western foodC. who is careful and strongD. who can speak English and Chinese(B)Tom lived in a town near New York. His father had a shop there and his mother was a doctor. He was seven years old this year and began to go to school this September. It was a little far(远的) from their shop and his father drove a car to take himto school five days a week. So he was never(从不) late for class and his teachers likes him very much.It was Monday that day. Miss Green was teaching them to count(数数) from one to ten in the morning. Tom was studying hard. Soon he could count them. Green was happy and asked, “How many people are there in your family, Tom?”Tom stood up and said, “Two, Miss.”“Who are they?”“My father and my mother.”“Oh,” Miss Green was surprised. She then said, “There’re three people in your family.”“But now I’m not at home. I’m at school, you know!”( )31、Where did Tom’s father work? ______________A、In a factory.B、In a school.C、In a shop.D、In a hospital.( )32、Tom was now a student of_______.A、Grade OneB、Grade TwoC、Grade ThreeD、Grade Four( )33、Tom was never late for school because________.A、all his teachers liked himB、he went to school in a carC、his house was next to the schoolD、he just began to school a month ago( )34、Miss Green taught her children to count from one to ten_______.A、every dayB、one Monday morningC、in Tom’s houseD、five days a week( )35、Which is the best title(题目) for this story? ____________A、Two or Three?B、From One to TenC、Tom and his familyD、Miss Green and Her Students( )36. If you go to ______, maybe some people can understand you.A. RussiaB. SingaporeC. EgyptD. India( )37. Egyptians speak _________.A. ChineseB. RussianC. ArabicD. French( )38. If you go to ______, you must learn Russian well.A. RussiaB. CanadaC. SingaporeD. India( )39. The capital of Singapore is _______.A. MoscowB. CairoC. New DelhiD.Singapore city( )40. From the form(表格), we can see that ______ is the most important language.A. EnglishB. RussianC. FrenchD. Tamil四、词汇运用。
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2 012-2013学年山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学
八年级（下）期末物理试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、填空题（每空1分，共14分）
1．（2分）人们常说：“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”．从物理学角度来理解这句话，前半句﹣﹣“宝剑锋从磨砺出”是说利用减小受力面积的方法，可以来增大压强．
考点：增大压强的方法及其应用．
专题：应用题；压强、液体的压强．
分析：根据压强的定义式p=可知，要增大压强有三种方法：一是当压力一定时，减小受力面积；二是当受力面积一定时，增大压力；三是在条件允许的情况下，可以同时增大压力，减小受力面积．
解答：解：“宝剑锋从磨砺出”是说利用减小受力面积的方法来增大压强的．
故答案为：减小受力面积；增大．
点评：很多谚语、古诗都包含一定的物理意义，要多了解这些谚语、古诗的含义，让学科知识联系更紧密．
2．（2分）一架我国自行研制的歼8Ⅱ型战斗机的质量为1.5×103kg，发动机用8×104N的推力使飞机在10s 内前进5000m，则飞机推力的功率为4×107W．为使飞机飞上蓝天，人们把飞机的机翼做成图的形状，是利用在气体中流速越大的位置压强越小（填“大”或“小”）的原理，使机翼上下表面产生压力差，从而产生升力．
考点：功率的计算；流体压强与流速的关系．
专题：计算题；简答题；气体的压强、流体压强与流速的关系；功、功率、机械效率．
分析：（1）根据功的计算公式W=Fs求出推力做的功，再根据功率的公式P=解决功率的大小；
（2）据气体流速和压强的关系，分析机翼上下方空气流速的大小判断机翼上下方气压的大小来解释飞机升力的产生．
解答：
解：（1）飞机的推力所做的功是：W=Fs=8×104N×5000m=4×108J；则功率P==
=4×107W；
（2）飞机的机翼做成如图所示的形状，在相同时间内，空气经过上方的路程长，速度大；经过下方的路程短，速度小．上方空气流速越大，压强越小；下方空气流速越小，压强越大．所以机翼下方的气压大于上方的气压，便形成向上的升力．
故答案为：4×107；小．
点评：本题主要考查功、功率的计算和流体压强与流速的关系，将力与距离对应后解决功的大小，利用功率的公式就可解决功率大小．知道流体在流速大的地方压强小，在流速小的地方压强大．
3．（4分）为保护船只的通行，打击猖狂的海盗，中国海军护航编队169舰、171舰及微山湖号补给舰于2008年12月26日下午1点从三亚出发，开赴亚丁湾．军舰在匀速驶向亚丁湾的过程中，由于消耗了燃料，则军舰所受到的浮力变小，所排开水的体积变小；其动能变小，重力势能不变（“变大”“不变”或“变小”）．
考点：阿基米德原理；动能和势能的大小变化．
专题：简答题；浮力；机械能及其转化．
分析：军舰都漂浮，受到的浮力都等于军舰受到的重力；得出了受到浮力的大小关系，根据阿基米德原理分析排开水体积的大小关系．
动能的大小和物体的质量以及运动的速度快慢有关，判断动能的大小看它的质量和运动快慢是否变化就可以了；重力势能的大小和物体的质量以及所处位置的高度有关，判断重力势能是否改变，看它的质量和高度是否变化就可以了．
解答：解：Ⅱ军舰漂浮，
ⅡF浮=G，
Ⅱ军舰在匀速驶向亚丁湾的过程中，由于消耗了燃料，军舰受到的重力变小；
Ⅱ军舰所受到的浮力变小；
根据F浮=ρ液gv排可知：排开水的体积将变小．
Ⅱ军舰在匀速行驶，且军舰受到的重力变小，质量减小；
Ⅱ其动能变小；
Ⅱ军舰始终漂浮在水面上，重力势能为零，Ⅱ在匀速行驶重力势能不变．
故答案为：变小；变小；变小；不变．
点评：本题考查物体漂浮条件和阿基米德原理的应用，解决此题型的关键是知道军舰一定是处于漂浮状态．掌握动能、重力势能的影响因素，理解重力势能和动能的转化可从高度和速度来理解，可以帮助我们更好的理解能量的转化．
4．（4分）图中，甲、乙两容器中盛满水，置于水平桌面上，两容器的容积相同，形状互为倒置则两容器对水平桌面的压力相比较F甲=F乙，对桌面的压强相比较P甲＜P乙，水对容器底部的压强相比较P ′=P乙′，水对容器底部的压力相比较F甲′＞F乙′．（填“＞”“=”或“＜”）
甲
考点：压强的大小及其计算；液体的压强的计算．
专题：推理法．
分析：因容器倒置后，液面深度不变，由液体压强公式p=ρgh可得液体对容器底部的压强变化情况，再由F=Ps可得水对容器底部压力的变化；
由容器质量不变，则可知容器对水平面的压力不变，受力面积减小，则由压强公式可得容器对水平面的压强．
解答：解：由题知，水的质量不变，容器和水的总重不变，
Ⅱ在水平面上，F=G，
Ⅱ容器对水平面的压力不变，即F甲=F乙；
Ⅱp=，倒置后底面积减小，
Ⅱ容器对水平面的压强增大，即P甲＜P乙；
Ⅱp=ρgh，将容器倒置后，液面深度不变，
Ⅱ水对容器底部的压强不变，即P甲′=P乙′；。