何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义(完美打印版)

考研英语长难句突破讲义适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。

课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。

为英语写作夯实基础。

课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练第一部分方法论讲解引子我们为什么要精读句子1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读）自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读）目标：快速技能：高职阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生思想：博士阅读在句子层面的障碍1．含义2．语序简单句的障碍来源简单句：只有一套谓语的句子基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表定语，状语，同位语，插入语简单句的障碍识别及处理方法定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式）前置定语：adj+名词后置定语：形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your futureVing a woman walked on the roadVed a painting painted by Janen. + to do a way to solve the problem介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。

【不定代词定语置后】定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句引导词物主代词：whose +完整句关系连（副）词：where why when how +完整句介词+关系代词：1宾语+非完整句 This is the expert/( to whom )we are turning.2状语+完整句 There is something([ by the virtue of] which)(指代something) the man is the man . 3定语+完整句 There are a lot of problems (of which )the fetching fresh water is the forest. 【 1拆分 2找指代 3定成分】同位语:在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分。

普通同位语 A, B A or B A of B 正式同位语从句that+完整句；处理办法：删除（中文中没有同位语）插入语 处理办法：删除状语 ： 处理方法：剥离/隔离修饰谓语—— 修饰动词副词 adv ， 介词短语,修饰定语——修饰形容词 Ving, Ved, to do, 独立主格结构 第三课时例1：Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP ’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean ’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.例2：A few art collectors James Bowdoin Ⅲ of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.非简单句的障碍来源非简单句的障碍解决方案 关联词和主句专一原则 关联词that/as 不能加介词 in that=because主句专一原则 句子之间的关联方式 1.并列并列联词的用法2.嵌套常见的复杂句形式层次化句子阅读方法 1.层次化结构的表示形式2.括号匹配法 画左括号的条件画右括号的条件笔记区 小结区3.完整信息链法 规则描述：笔记区例3：The history of clinical nutrition or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents.例4：The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also inthe North, though less spectacularly.例5：The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteen-century tradition in which the making of aclay model was considered the creative act and the work was then turned over to studio assistants tobe cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.倒装句的分析方法1.部分倒装的处理方法2.完全倒装的处理方法完全倒装的存在环境能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份完全倒装的判断流程笔记区 例 impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, and North American entrepreneurs —evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements —hadbroadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process.例2． Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.例3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilledworkers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.例4：Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious different being that it is often much heavier.笔记区例8：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.例9：Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.例10：Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration from town and farm to city, within the United States.例11：Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs.强调句的分析方法 1.强调句的构成2.强调句的处理方法笔记区 小结区例1：It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions.例2：It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies.例3：It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.1、对句子的完整处理流程2、强调：阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。