艺术设计专业英语翻译考试范围
【艺术类院校大学英语第二册】课文翻译及课后答案
南京艺术学院第二册英语课文翻译（1~10）第一单元你去过古玩店吗？如果你能像买家那样博学，你就有可能买到不同凡响但又很便宜的东西。
幸运的发现古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。
高档一点的古玩店为了防尘，把文物漂亮地陈列在玻璃柜子里，那里往往令人望而却步。
而对不太装腔作势的古玩店，无论是谁都不用壮着胆子才敢往里进。
人们还常常有希望在发霉，阴暗，杂乱无章，迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的，一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。
一个到处找便宜货买的人必须具有耐心，而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品的能力。
要做到这一点，他至少要像古董商一样懂行。
他必须像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家一样抱有这样的希望，即终有一天，他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。
我的老朋友弗兰克哈利戴正是这样一个人。
他多次向我详细讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。
一个星期六的上午，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。
由于他从未去过那儿，结果他发现了许多有趣的东西。
上午很快过去了，弗兰克正准备离去，突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。
古董商告诉他那只货箱刚到不久，但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。
经弗兰克恳求，古董商才勉强把货箱撬开了。
箱内东西令人失望。
除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外，货箱内装满了陶器，而且大部分都已破碎。
弗兰克轻轻地把陶器拿出箱子，突然发现在箱底有一幅微型画，画面构图与线条使他想起了一幅他所熟悉的意大利画，于是他决定将画买下来。
古董商漫不经心看了一眼那幅画，告诉弗兰克那画值50英镑。
弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己兴奋的心情，因为他明白自己发现了一件珍品。
那幅不大的画原来是柯勒乔的一幅未被发现的杰作，价值几十万英镑。
第二单元无论是男人、女人还是儿童，都可以从他们的衣着和外表的其他方面感受到时尚的影响。
时装流行的原理时尚一直在变化和发展。
时尚的五条基本原理是识别时尚及其流行趋势的基础。
这些时尚原理保持不变。
艺术设计专业英语
How to write a research paper
❖ 1 Preliminaries for starting, continuing,and completing
a research paper ❖ 2 How to write an abstract for a research paper ❖ 3 How to prepare an introduction for a research paper ❖ 4 Method section of a research paper ❖ 5 Results section of a research paper ❖ 6 Discussion section of a research paper ❖ 7 Conclusion section of a research paper ❖ 8 References section of a research paper
English for Design Art
ZENG LI
References
1.Art English艺术类专业英语 周小儒主编，化学工业出版社，2005.1. 2.English for industrial design and art design 工业设计与艺术设计专 业核心基础英语，戴力农编著，机械工业出版社,2007.7. 3.English for art 艺术英语，王玉华主编，复旦大学出版社，2007.3. 4.设计艺术专业英语，杨正编著，武汉大学出版社，2006.1. 5.International standards for students’ writing, Brian Devlin英语论文 写作教程——基于国际标准的学术写作于发表，清华大学出版社， 2003.1. 6.How to write a research paper, 英语学术论文写作，黄国文等编著， 重庆大学出版社，2006.1. 7.如何撰写和发表科技论文，（美）罗伯特• 戴，巴巴拉• 盖斯特尔， 2007.1.
艺术设计专业英语Unit 1 Back to Basics — Understanding Color
RED is a bright, warm color that evokes strong emotions. It stimulates a faster heartbeat and breathing. Red is associated with love, warmth, passion, strength, energy, fire, sex, excitement, speed, heat, arrogance, ambition, leadership, masculinity, danger, blood, war, anger, revolution, radicalism, aggression, summer, autumn, stop, Mars (planet), respect, Aries (star sign), December.
And a hue will vary according to its brightness. This is known as thesaturation. The saturation of the hue ranges from full intensity to low intensity, from bright to grey.
Complementary colors such as red and green lie opposite each other the color wheel create a strong contrast bringing energy, vigor and excitement to any design.
Advancing and Receding Colors containing red create the illusion of advancing towards the viewer while colors that contain blue (like green or violet) seem to recede.
多媒体及艺术设计专业英语Chapter 3 Web Design
Chapter 3 Web Design本章目标设计：通过本章关于网页设计的学习，能利用已有专业知识理解本章中的英语专业文章，运用构词法与记忆技巧识记本章中的专业词汇，翻译专业词汇、句子和段落，进而为掌握专业英语其它相关专业知识打下基础。
I．能力目标：1．能利用已有专业知识理解英语专业文章；2．能完成关于网页制作相关知识的实训；3．会利用网络查找最新的网页设计技术动态；4．运用翻译技巧进行专业词汇、句子和段落翻译。
II．知识目标：1．了解网页设计的编程语言；2．分析网页设计在艺术设计中的作用；3．掌握本章中的专业词汇；4．掌握翻译技巧。
III．情感目标：1．培养专业英语学习的兴趣；2．形成良好的英语学习方法。
3.1 Internet Service FunctionTask 1: Enumerate the Web browsers we often use.Task 2: Write down what did you do with the Internet in English.Task 3: Talk about how to send out an E-mail.Task 4: Explain how to use FTP in your studying.Task 5: Contrasts FTP with the World Wide Web, then speaks out the difference between them.Once your computer enters into a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information. The two most popular Web browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. A Web browser presents data in multimedia on Web pages that use text, graphics, sound and video.The Web pages are created with a formal language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The term hypertext is used to describe an interlinked system of documents in which a user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear way. Hyperlink makes the Internet easy to navigate. It is an object (word, phrase, or picture) on a Web page that, when clicked, transfers you to a new Web page. The Web page contains an address location known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL). When hypertext pages are mixed with other media, the result is called hypermedia.The following are the important service functions that Internet provides.1. E-mailThe most widely used tool on the Internet is electronic mail or E-mail. E-mail enables you to send messages to America, Australia and so on, no matter how far between individuals. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail. Once a server has received a message it directs it to the specific computer that the E-mail is addressed to. To send E-mail, the process is reversed. As a very convenient and inexpensive way to transmit messages, E-mail has grammatically affected scientific, personal, and business communications. In some cases, E-mail has replaced the telephone for carrying messages.2. File transferFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a method of transferring files from one computer to another over the Internet, even if each computer has a different operating system or storage format. FTP is designed to download files or upload files. The ability to upload and download files on it is one of the most valuable features the Internet has to offer. This is especially helpful for those people who rely on computers for various purposes and who may need software drivers and upgrades immediately. Network administrators can rarely wait even a few days to get the necessary drivers that enable their network servers to function again. The Internet can provide these files immediately by using FTP. FTP is a client-server application just like E-mail and Telnet. It requires server software running on a host that can be accessed by client software.3. The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet. It provides access to multipleservices and documents as Gopher does but is more ambitious in its method. A jump to other Internet service can be triggered by a mouse click on a “hot-linked” word, image, or icon on the Web pages. One of the main reasons for the extraordinary growth of the Web is the ease in which it allows access to information. One limitation of HTTP is that you can only use it to download files, and not to upload them.4. TelnetTelnet allows an Internet user to connect to a distance computer and use that computer as if he or she were using it directly. To make a connection with a Telnet client, you must select a connection option: “Host Name” and “Terminal Type”. The host name is the IP address (DNS) of the remote computer to which you connect. The terminal type describes the type of terminal emulation that you want the computer to perform.The Internet has many new technologies, such as global chat, video conferencing, free international phone and more. The Internet becomes more and more popular in society in recent years. So we can say that Internet is your PC’s window to the rest of the world.Key Termshypertext 超文本hyperlink 超链接hypermedia 超媒体client-server 客户-服务器mail server 邮件服务器FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 文件传输协议WWW(World Wide Web) 万维网Telnet 远程登录DNS(Domain Name Server) 域名服务器video conferencing 电视会议HTML(hypertext Markup Language) 超文本链接标示语言URL(Uniform Resource Locator) 统一资源定位符IP(Internet Protocol) 互联网协议，网际协议Vocabularyrepository n.仓库，资源丰富的地方nonlinear adj.非线性的dedicate to 用做…，奉献ambitious adj.雄心的，野心的trigger v.引发，引起，触发extraordinary adj.特别的，非常的terminal n.终端emulation n.竞争，效法TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1.Once your computer enters into a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information.2. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail.3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a method of transferring files from one computer to another over the Internet, even if each computer has a different operating system or storage format. FTP is designed to download files or upload files.4.The World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet.5. Telnet allows an Internet user to connect to a distance computer and use that computer as if he or she were using it directly. To make a connection with a Telnet client, you must select a connection option: “Host Name” and “Terminal Type”.II. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement.1. The term hypertext is used to describe an interlinked system of documents in which a user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear way.2. It is an object (word, phrase, or picture) on a Web page that, when clicked, transfers you toa new Web page.3. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail.4. The World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet.III. Fill in the blanks with proper words.The Web pages are created with a formal language called ___ ___, and __ ____ makes the Internet easy to navigate. The main Internet service functions are ______, ______,______ and ______.3.2 Website DesignTask 1: Finish a website according to the knowledge you have learned, and then describe the process in English.Task 2: Write down the six step tutorial helps you develop a premier website in you own words.Task 3: Discuss the website development in group. Explain how many have you exercised in your course of dynamic website design.Task 4: How many methods have been referred to create balanced page layout in the text? Which method have you often used in your experience? Write down why you have used the method so often.Many people wish they had software to create a flashy website. But creating a great website doesn’t happen at the tips of the fingers; it happens in the depths of the brain. Outst anding websites result from extensive planning. Prior preparation saves time and avoids frustration both during page creation and when updates and additions are required. Based on recommendations by professional web designers, the 6-step design tutorial helps you develop a premier website.Website Design Steps1. Establish an identity and use it consistently on all pagesIt doesn’t mean every page looks the same, but the colors and graphics we use should be consistent throughout the website. Even before knowing the number or type of pages, or a navigation scheme, create a homepage template and three or four sub-page templates using the chosen colors and graphics in combinations that are eye-catching and carrying forth your identity.2. Determine who uses your site and their information needsSuccessful websites know who their customers are and why they visit, and they provide aresponsive and attractive display to those viewers. Customers don’t visit our site because we spend time creating it; customers deserve maximum benefit from the time they allocate to us.3. Create user-friendly navigationOn a well-planned website it’s quick and easy to get to information pages—that’s navigation. Plan navigation before pages are created. Establish a navigation plan now to ensure that viewers quickly get what they need, and that webmasters can quickly insert new pages of content.4. Page layoutTo begin layout, analyze the information to be displayed and decide how it will be most readable. Pick the template that best accommodates that display. As your templates were created, page layout may have been anticipated. There are three methods to create balanced page layout: blockquote margins, tables, and frames. Each method has pros and cons; it can be advantageous to use all three to build a website.5. Focus on textThe best websites pack essential information into well-organized and well-written text. WebPages should not, however, be too heavily texted. Surveys show that web users will not read long paragraphs of information. They prefer concise, bite-sized sections, clearly delineated so they can scan for the information they need. You should write essential content as clearly and concisely as possible with brief topic headers.6. Use graphic images to enhance, not overpowerGraphics are a special challenge for web designers, requiring balance between overuse and skimpiness. A site filled with graphic images can have charm and impact. The secret for effective graphics is to stick to the theme and identity of the website.Website Development1. Interactive Dynamic WebsitesWebsites have grown from static online to become interactive dynamic sites. This is usually achieved by the use of a database, which is linked to the WebPages to serve content on the fly. The creation of sites involves programming skills and is known as website development.2. Real Time UpdatesThis means that sites can be updated in real time. For example a Discount Travel site could show availability and prices of all their available flight packages. When a particular flight is fullybooked the site would show this. Another example of website development would be an auction site that has constantly changing prices in response to bids from auction visitors to the site.3. Database ApplicationsThere are thousands of more applications for database website development and in the near future database driven sites are going to become the norm. This is partly due to the fact that web development sites are growing larger all the time and it is unpractical to update a large site in any other way. The most common databases for website development are Access, for simple databases; SQL, for more complex databases and Oracle, for the largest, most complex jobs.4. Active Server PagesASP (Active Server Pages ) —a programming language based on server side—as the best solution to create and implement dynamic websites is introduced in 1996 by Microsoft. Active Server Pages is an open, compile-free application environment in which you can combine HTML, Scripts and reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic and powerful Web-based business solutions.Key Termstemplate n.(=templet)样板，模板navigation n.导航webmaster n.站点管理员，网络设计师compile v.编译static adj.静态的dynamic website 动态网站real time update 实时更新database application 数据库应用程序ASP(Active Server Pages) 动态服务器页面Vocabularywebsite n.网站prior adj.优先的，在先的frustration n.挫折，挫败，受挫premier adj.首要的，第一的n.总理homepage n.主页allocate v.分配，分派layout n.布置，安排，规划，设计accommodate v.容纳，适应，供给，供应blockquote margin 块边缘frame n.框架pros and cons 优缺点concise adj.简明的，简洁的delineate v.描绘，叙述，描写auction n.拍卖v.拍卖norm n.标准，规范TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1. Prior preparation saves time and avoids frustration both during page creation and when updates and additions are required.2. Even before knowing the number or type of pages, or a navigation scheme, create a homepage template and three or four sub-page templates using the chosen colors and graphics in combinations that are eye-catching and carrying forth your identity.3. Establish a navigation plan now to ensure that viewers quickly get what they need, and that webmasters can quickly insert new pages of content.4. There are three methods to create balanced page layout: blockquote margins, tables, and frames. Each method has pros and cons; it can be advantageous to use all three to build a website.5. They prefer concise, bite-sized sections, clearly delineated so they can scan for the information they need.6. The secret for effective graphics is to stick to the theme and identity of the website.7. Websites have grown from static online to become interactive dynamic sites.8. Another example of website development would be an auction site that has constantlychanging prices in response to bids from auction visitors to the site.9. There are thousands of more applications for database website development and in the near future database driven sites are going to become the norm.10. Active Server Pages is an open, compile-free application environment in which you can combine HTML, Scripts and reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic and powerful Web-based business solutions.II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. This passage introduces 6-step website design tutorial, which includes ,, , , and.2. Nowadays the most popular language to create dynamic website is . Use some words to describe it.3.3 Five Most Common Web Design MistakesTask 1: Design a website everybody and then discuss the mistakes group by group. Then compare with the text write down your own idea about the web design mistakes.Task 2: Combine with the knowledge you have learned explain the function of counters and banners.As you’re designing your new web site,you’ll be tempted with web design ideas that could turn into fatal mistakes. Below are five of the most common mistakes to avoid at all costs...1. Too Many GraphicsHaving too many graphics (particularly large graphics),can cause your site to load entirely too slow, Visitors will get impatient and oftentimes click out of your site—never to return.SOLUTION: When possible save your graphics as GIF files rather than JPEG, Also, reduce your graphic in actual size as much as you can without distorting the graphic or picture.2. CountersA visitor counter or hits counter should not be seen on your site unless you have tremendous traffic. The reason for this is that visitors really don’t want to know which visitor they are, especially if they’re Visitor number four. There’s no benefit to your visitor,nor is there anybenefit to you. The only way showing a counter is advantageous is if you’ve had millions of visitors and wish to display the popularity of your site or would like to attract advertisers with the large numbers.Otherwise, you can use this space for a headline that leads your visitor to another part of your site.SOLUTION: Most web hosts offer web statistics that reveal daily visitors,hits, etc. This feature will let you know how many people are visiting your site without me whole world seeing the information.If you’re just starting out, make sure your web host offers this free service.3. BannersLimit your banners to the bare necessities.Why? Because banners are graphics that can slow loading time and are a turn-off for many surfers on the Internet.For most,“banner” is just another word for“ad” and they avoid clicking on them.SOLUTION: If you do have a banner or two, place the banner at the very top or bottom of your page. Or you could place a small banner in your sidebar. Most people will look at the first picture they see and then start reading below the picture, so any writing or links that are above the banner may remain unnoticed.Also, the banners on your site should be related to your product or service.Remember, everything on your site should work together to benefit your target customer.4. Scattered Web SiteWhen designing your site, make sure it has a pattern that leads your visitor. Get several people (friends or relatives) to visit your site and watch them as they navigate. Notice the places where they stop and links that they click on. Organizing your site to lead visitors is very important whether you’re leading them to buy something or just to click and go to another place in your site.SOLUTION: Make sure t hat graphics don’t get in the way of your lead. If the visitor stops in the middle of the home page to click on a graphic or banner before getting to your sales page, they may never return.5. GeneralizationThe most effective way of selling on the Internet is to personalize your web site to reach your target audience. Many web sites are general and try to reach everybody. The reality is that you can’t be everything to everybody. The business owners who are successful on the web normally have very specific products or services that target a niche market.SOLUTION: Make your site as personal as possible. As you’re writing pretend that you areface 10 face with the customer. Present your web site in such a way that the visitor feels like he just walked into a store in his hometown. Also. stay focused on your target customer (one who would be inte rested in “your” product.)These five mistakes should be avoided at all costs if you want to build an effective and successful web business.Vocabularyfatal adj.致命的，毁灭性的avoid v.避免，消除at all cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何oftentimes adv.时常地distort v.歪曲，扭曲，弄歪counter n.计数器，计算器tremendous adj.巨大的，极大的traffic n.流量，访问量headline n.大字标题host n.主机reveal v.展示，展现，揭示，暴露banner n.旗帜，横幅，标语turn off <口语>令人厌烦的事物sidebar n.边注，其他选项，工具条personalize v.使成私人的，人格化niche market 有利可图的市场TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1. Having too many graphics (particularly large graphics),can cause your site to load entirely too slow, Visitors will get impatient and oftentimes click out of your site—never to return.2. The only way showing a counter is advantageous is if you've had millions of visitors and wish to display the popularity of your site or would like to attract advertisers with the large numbers.Otherwise, you can use this space for a headline that leads your visitor to another part ofyour site.3. Limit your banners to the bare necessities.Why? Because banners are graphics that can slow loading time and are a turn-off for many surfers on the Internet.4. If the visitor stops in the middle of the home page to click on a graphic or banner before getting to your sales page, they may never return.5. The most effective way of selling on the Internet is to personalize your web site to reach your target audience.II. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement.1. When possible save your graphics as JPEG files rather than GIF.2. A hits counter should not be seen on your site unless you have tremendous traffic.3. Most people on the Internet are interested in banner.4. Your web site can be very general and be everything to everybody.。
艺术设计专业 英语
艺术设计专业英语Art and Design Major in EnglishIntroduction:Art and design is a field that combines creativity and technical skills to create visual and aesthetic experiences. It involves various forms of artistic expression, including painting, sculpture, graphic design, fashion design, and architecture. In this article, we will explore the importance of studying art and design as a major and its potential career opportunities.1. The Importance of Studying Art and Design:Art and design majors provide students with the opportunity to develop their creative thinking and problem-solving skills. It encourages students to think outside the box and explore innovative ideas. Through the study of art history and theory, students gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical context of art, which enhances their ability to create meaningful and impactful artwork.2. Skills Developed in Art and Design Major:Studying art and design equips students with a wide range of skills that are applicable in various industries. Theseskills include visual communication, critical thinking, project management, and technical skills in using different artistic mediums and tools. The ability to effectively communicate ideas visually is highly valued in fields such as advertising, marketing, and web design.3. Career Opportunities in Art and Design:Graduates with a degree in art and design have a diverse range of career options. They can work as professional artists, graphic designers, fashion designers, animators, illustrators, art directors, or curators. Many art and design majors also choose to become freelance artists or start their own creative businesses. The demand for creative professionals is increasing in industries such as advertising, film and television, publishing, and gaming. 4. The Impact of Art and Design on Society:Art and design have a significant impact on society. It has the power to inspire, provoke emotions, and challenge societal norms. Art can be used as a means of social commentary, raising awareness about important issues and advocating for change. Design plays a crucial role in shaping our daily lives, from the layout of our cities tothe functionality of our technological devices.5. The Role of Technology in Art and Design:Advancements in technology have revolutionized the field of art and design. Digital tools and software have expanded the possibilities for artistic expression and opened up new career opportunities. Artists and designers now have access to a wide range of digital mediums, such as digital painting, 3D modeling, and animation. Technology has also made it easier for artists to showcase and sell their work online, reaching a global audience.6. The Cross-Cultural Influence in Art and Design:Art and design are influenced by various cultures and traditions from around the world. Studying art and design allows students to appreciate and understand different cultural perspectives, fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. This cross-cultural influence can be seen in various art movements throughout history, such as the Renaissance, Impressionism, and Cubism. Conclusion:Studying art and design as a major offers numerous benefits, including the development of creative and technical skills,a wide range of career opportunities, and the ability to make a positive impact on society. It is a field that requires passion, dedication, and continuous learning. Art and design majors have the opportunity to shape the world around them through their creativity and artistic expression.。
艺术设计专业《专业英语》课程标准
艺术设计专业《专业英语》课程标准课程名称：专业英语 Specialized English课程编号：适用专业：艺术设计（传媒艺术与公关设计）课程学时/学分：32 / 2实验（创作、制作、上机）学时/学分：审定人：开课部门：一、本课程的性质与目的课程性质：《专业英语》是艺术设计学院传媒艺术与公关设计专业的一门体现本专业的学科方向和特色的必修课程。
该课程，也是一门与社会、经济和人文的发展密切相关的综合性学科。
主要任务：专业英语的教学目的是在完成基础阶段的教学后让学生及时转入专业英语的听、说、读、写阶段。
使学生从学习性听说读写到应用性听说读写，通过一定学时的专业英语学习，巩固已经掌握的基本词汇和语法知识，提高英语应用能力，使学生能达到以英语为工具，获得专业所需要的信息，并能根据场合需要进行基本的语言交流。
二、课程讲授的主要内容1．单元主题(Recognizing the bases for marketing management)Needs wants and Demands(需求、欲望和要求)Offerings and brands(产品和品牌)2．单元主题(Assessing market orientation and customer value)Economic environment(经济环境)Demand measurement(需求测量)3．单元主题(Choosing value)Local marketing(本地市场)Brand Image Differentiation(品牌形象区分)4. 单元主题（Offering value）Why new products fail-and succeed(为什么新产品失败和成功)Customer expectations (客户期望)5. 单元主题（Delivering value）Conflict, cooperation, and competition(冲突、合作与竞争)Trends in wholesaling （批发趋势）6. 单元主题（Communicating value）Design the communications (设计沟通方式)Coordinating media (协调媒体)7. 单元主题（Review）Review (复习)8．单元主题（机动）三、课程教学的基本要求听说：能听懂课堂用语和老师用学生学过的简单英语解释词语的意义。
艺术设计专业英语
ZENG LI
References
1.Art English艺术类专业英语 周小儒主编，化学工业出版社，2005.1. 2.English for industrial design and art design 工业设计与艺术设计专 业核心基础英语，戴力农编著，机械工业出版社,2007.7. 3.English for art 艺术英语，王玉华主编，复旦大学出版社，2007.3. 4.设计艺术专业英语，杨正编著，武汉大学出版社，2006.1. 5.International standards for students’ writing, Brian Devlin英语论文 写作教程——基于国际标准的学术写作于发表，清华大学出版社， 2003.1. 6.How to write a research paper, 英语学术论文写作，黄国文等编著， 重庆大学出版社，2006.1. 7.如何撰写和发表科技论文，（美）罗伯特• 戴，巴巴拉• 盖斯特尔， 2007.1.
Preliminaries
❖ 2 focusing on a topic ❖ There are many aspects to any subject or
discipline that we study at a university.One way of breaking down a subject into a number of smaller sub-topics is to look at the subject classifications provieded by a library.
Preliminaries
❖ 4 research a we choose,how we design our research paper,
大二艺术英语知识点
大二艺术英语知识点艺术英语是艺术专业学生需要学习和掌握的一门重要学科。
掌握艺术英语的知识点可以帮助学生更好地理解和表达艺术作品、风格和理论等方面的内容。
本文将介绍大二艺术英语的一些重要知识点，以帮助学生更好地学习和应用艺术英语。
I. 艺术作品和风格在学习艺术英语时，了解不同类型的艺术作品和风格是非常重要的。
以下是一些常见的艺术作品和风格的英语表达：1. 绘画作品：- 油画（oil painting）- 水彩画（watercolor painting）- 素描（sketch）- 点彩画（pointillism）2. 雕塑作品：- 石雕（stone sculpture）- 木雕（wood sculpture）- 陶瓷雕塑（ceramic sculpture）- 金属雕塑（metal sculpture）3. 建筑风格：- 古典主义建筑（classical architecture）- 后现代主义建筑（postmodern architecture）- 新艺术运动（Art Nouveau）- 未来主义建筑（futurist architecture）II. 艺术理论和批评除了艺术作品和风格外，掌握艺术理论和艺术批评的英语表达也是非常重要的。
以下是一些常见的艺术理论和批评的英语术语：1. 艺术风格与主题：- 抽象艺术（abstract art）- 表现主义（expressionism）- 现实主义（realism）- 符号主义（symbolism）2. 艺术形式和技巧：- 立体主义（cubism）- 装饰艺术（decorative arts）- 形式主义（formalism）- 拼贴艺术（collage）3. 艺术批评和评论：- 评论家（critic）- 评价（evaluation）- 鉴赏（appreciation）- 观众反应（audience response）III. 艺术史和艺术家了解艺术史和艺术家的英语表达是学习艺术英语的关键部分。
2021年全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译综合能力题库【历年真题+章节题库+模拟试题】
2021年全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译综合能力题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】
目录
•第一部分历年真题
–英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（一）
–英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（二）
–英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（三）
–英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（四）
–英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（五）
•第二部分章节题库
–第1章词汇和语法
•词汇选择题
•词语替换题
•改错题
–第2章阅读理解
•教育文化类
•科普科技类
•商业经济类
•社会生活类
•生态环境类
•医疗健康类
•艺术文学类
–第3章完形填空
•教育文化类
•经济商业类
•科普科技类
•社会生活类
•艺术文学类
•资源环境类
•第三部分模拟试题
–英语三级笔译综合能力模拟试题及详解（一）
–英语三级笔译综合能力模拟试题及详解（二）
内容简介
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译综合能力题库包括历年真题、章节题库和模拟试题三部分。
具体如下：
第一部分为历年真题。
精选5套官方考试真题，系统自动评分，既可以体验真实
考试，也可以测试自己的水平。
第二部分为章节题库。
遵循《全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语笔译三级考试大纲》和英语三级《笔译综合能力》考试样题，按照考试题型的章目编排，共分为3章，分别为：词汇和语法、阅读理解和完形填空。
第三部分为模拟试题。
由英语三级笔译辅导名师根据历年命题规律及热门考点进行考前预测，其试题数量、试题难度基本仿真。
专业英语考试范围 (1)
第一大题：填空（10）P8: 2，6，P30：1, P53：2，4 P77：5, 6 P102：4 P125：3 P147：3第二大题：词组翻译（40）artificial intelligence 人工智能中央处理器central processing unitneural network 神经网络数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data instruction set 指令集个人计算机personal computerparallel processing 并行处理数字计算机digital computerfunction key 功能键，操作键，函数键操作指令operating instructionsvoice recognition module 语音识别模块输入设备input deviceaddress bus 地址总线操作系统operating systemstorage register 存储寄存器数据总线data busfunction statement 函数语句串行连接serial connectionprogram statement 程序语句易失性存储器volatile memoryobject-oriented language 面向对象语言磁盘驱动器disk driveassembly language 汇编语言基本输入／输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) data declaration 数据声明可执行程序executable program Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言程序模块program moduleinference engine 推理机条件语句conditional statementsystem call 系统调用赋值语句assignment statementparallel computing 并行计算逻辑语言logic languagesource file 源文件程序设计语言programming languagesystem specification 系统规格说明运行计算机程序run a computer programunit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试计算机程序员computer programmersoftware life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）源程序source programdatabase administrator 数据库管理员调试程序debugging programrelational database model 关系数据库模型目标代码object codedatabase management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统应用程序application programfile server 文件服务器需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition distributed database 分布式数据库系统集成system integrationbus topology network 总线拓扑网络数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集全局控制总线global control bus局域网local area network (LAN) 无线网络wireless network客户机／服务器模型client/server model 广域网wide area network (WAN)第三大题：句子翻译(50)1、A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information.计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
艺术设计专业英语翻译考试范围
段落翻译1、Shopping centers provide building enclosures to enable the buying public and the retailing industry to do business. For thousands of years,these enclosures and the spaces between have been evolving as a changing reflection of the overall society,its products and delivery systems.After World War II significant programmatic changes in society broadly changed the design of shopping centers.A more affluent middle-class spread into the emerging suburbia and relied on the automobile as if it were a body part. The result was the development of the typical enclosed mall and strip center accessed only by car and located in the suburbs.购物中心是为购物的大众和零售行业提供做生意的场所，千百年来，这些场地及其空间在不断演进，反映着整个社会的边画，包括其产品及传送系统，“二战”之后，重大的，有步骤的社会变革极大地改变了购物中心的设计，更富裕的中产阶层嵌入不断涌现的城郊居住区，并且像对待自身的一部分那样依赖汽车。
结果就是典型的封闭式商场以及只有汽车才能进入的位于城郊的下场商业街区的发展。
艺术专业中文词汇及其英文翻译
设计的分类（英语）1 设计Design2 现代设计Modern Design3 工艺美术设计Craft Design4 工业设计Industrial Design5 广义工业设计Genealized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计Product Design8 传播设计Communication Design8 环境设计Environmental Design9 商业设计Comercial Design10 建筑设计Architectural11 一维设计One-dimension Design12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计Three-dimension Design14 四维设计Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢Decoration16 家具设计Furniture Design17 玩具设计Toy Design18 室内设计Interior Design19 服装设计Costume Design20 包装设计Packaging Design21 展示设计Display Design22 城市规划Urban Desgin23 生活环境Living Environment24 都市景观Townscape25 田园都市Gardon City26 办公室风致Office Landscape27 设计方法论Design Methodology28 设计语言Design Language29 设计条件Design Condition30 结构设计Structure Design31 形式设计Form Design32 设计过程Design Process33 构思设计Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design35 改型设计Model Change36 设计调查Design Survey37 事前调查Prior Survey38 动态调查Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计Compact type40 袖珍型设计Pocktable Type41 便携型设计Protable type42 收纳型设计Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计Knock Down Type44 集约化设计Stacking Type45 成套化设计Set (Design)46 家族化设计Family (Design)47 系列化设计Series (Design)48 组合式设计Unit Design49 仿生设计Bionics Design50 功能Function51 独创性Originality52 创造力Creative Power53 外装Facing54 创造性思维Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法Method of K.J57 戈顿法Synectice58 集体创造性思维法Brain Storming59 设计决策(Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系O-R-M system62 印象战略Image Stralegy63 AIDMA原则Law of AIDMA64 功能分化Functional Differentiation65 功能分析Functional Analysis66 生命周期Life Cycle67 照明设计Illumination Design44 孟塞尔表色系Munsell's Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系Practical Color Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程Color Engineering48 色彩管理Color Control49 色彩再现Color Reproduction50 等色操作Color Matching51 色彩的可视度Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性Color Constancy53 色彩的对比Color Contrast54 色彩的同化Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色Heavy Color and Light Color60 色价Valeur61 色调Color Tone62 暗调Shade63 明调Tint64 中间调Halftone65 表面色Surface Color66 平面色Film Color67 色彩调和Color Harmony68 配色Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony72 色彩的感情Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性Color Symbolism74 色彩的嗜好Color Preference75 流行色Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性Color Functionalism77 色彩规划Color Planning78 色彩调节Color Conditioning79 色彩调整Color Coordinetion80 色彩设计Color Design材料与加工成型技术（英）1 材料Material2 材料规划Material Planning3 材料评价Material Appraisal4 金属材料Metal Materials5 无机材料Inorganic Materials6 有机材料Organic Materials7 复合材料Composite Materials8 天然材料Natural Materials9 加工材料Processing Materials10 人造材料Artificial Materials11 黑色金属Ferrous Metal12 有色金属Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷Ceramics21 水泥Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅Enamel23 玻璃Glass24 微晶玻璃Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料Plastics30 通用塑料Wide Plastics31 工程塑料Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶Rubber35 粘接剂Adhesives36 涂料Paints37 树脂Resin38 聚合物Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂Allyl Resin56 硅树脂Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂Polyurethane Resin58 密胺Melamine Formaldehyde Resin59 ABS树脂Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨Printing Ink63 印刷用纸Printing Paper64 铜板纸Art Paper65 木材Wood66 竹材Bamboo67 树脂装饰板Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板Veneer70 曲木Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸Waxed Paper72 青铜Bronge73 薄壳结构Shell Construction74 技术Technic75 工具Tool76 金工Metal Work77 铸造Casting78 切削加工Cutting79 压力加工Plastic Working80 压力加工Plastic Working81 焊接Welding82 板金工Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克Mosaic84 塑性成型Plastic Working85 灌浆成型Slip Casting86 挤出成型Sqeezing87 注压成型Injection Molding88 加压成型Pressing89 水压成型Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法Hot Pressing91 HIP成型Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型Blow Molding94 压延成型Calendering95 转送成型Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型Slash Molding97 铸塑成型Casting98 喷涂成型Spray Up99 层积成型Laminating100 FW法Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离Adhesion and Excoriation 102 木材工艺Woodcraft103 竹材工艺Bamboo Work104 表面技术Surface Technology105 镀饰Plating106 涂饰Coating107 电化铝Alumite108 烫金Hot Stamping109 预制作Prefabrication110 预制住宅Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁Cantilever112 金属模具Mold113 型板造型Modeling of Teplate114 染料Dyestuff115 颜料Artist Color传播与传媒设计（英）1 传播Communication2 大众传播Mass Communication3 媒体Media4 大众传播媒体Mass Media5 视觉传播Visual Communication6 听觉传播Hearing Communication7 信息Information8 符号Sign9 视觉符号Visual Sign10 图形符号Graphic Symbol11 符号论Semiotic12 象征Symbol13 象征标志Symbol Mark14 音响设计Acoustic Design15 听觉设计Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计Visual Design19 视觉传播设计Visual Communication Design20 图形设计Graphic Design21 编辑设计Editorial Design22 版面设计Layout23 字体设计Lettering24 CI设计Corporate Identity Design25 宣传Propaganda26 广告Advertising27 广告委托人Advertiser28 广告代理业Advertising Agency29 广告媒体Advertising Media30 广告目的Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理Morality of Advertising32 广告法规Law of Advertising33 广告计划Advertising Planing34 广告效果Advertising Effect35 广告文案Advertising Copy36 广告摄影Advertising Photography37 说明广告Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报Poster39 招牌Sign-board40 小型宣传册Pamphlet41 大型宣传册Portfolio42 商品目录Catalogue43 企业商报House Organ44 户外广告Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示Display47 橱窗展示Window Display48 展示柜Cabinet49 博览会Exposition50 万国博览会World Exposition51 包装Packaging52 工业包装Industrial Packing53 标签Label54 企业形象Corporate Image55 企业色Company Color56 动画Animation57 插图Illustration58 书法Calligraphy59 印刷Initial60 设计费design fee61 标准standard62 注册商标registered trade mark设计美学与设计实验(英语)1 美Beauty2 现实美Acture Beauty3 自然美Natural Beauty4 社会美Social Beauty5 艺术美Artisitc Beauty6 内容与形式Content and Form7 形式美Formal Beauty8 形式原理Principles and Form9 技术美Beauty of Technology10 机械美Beauty of Machine11 功能美Functional Beauty12 材料美Beauty of Material13 美学Aesthetics14 技术美学Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学Design Aesthetics16 生产美学PAroduction Aesthetics17 商品美学Commodity Aedthetics18 艺术Art19 造型艺术Plastic Arts20 表演艺术Performance Art21 语言艺术Linguistic Art22 综合艺术Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术Practical Art24 时间艺术Time Art25 空间艺术Spatial Art26 时空艺术Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术One Dimantional28 二维艺术two Dimantional29 三维艺术Three Dimantional30 四维艺术Four Dimantional31 舞台艺术Stagecraft32 影视艺术Arts of Mmovie and Television33 环境艺术Environmental Art34 美术Fine Arts35 戏剧Drama36 文学Literature37 意匠Idea38 图案Pattern39 构思Conception40 构图Composition41 造型Formation42 再现Representation43 表现Expression44 构成Composition45 平面构成Tow Dimentional Composition46 立体构成Three Dimentional Composition47 色彩构成Color Composition48 空间构成Composition of Space49 音响构成Composition and Sound50 多样与统一Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡Balance52 对称Symmetry53 调和、和声Harmony54 对比Contrast55 类似Similarity56 比例Proportion57 黄金分割Golden Section58 节奏Rhythm59 旋律Melody60 调子Tone61 变奏Variation62 纹样Pattern63 形态Form64 有机形态Organic Form65 抽象形态Abstract Form66 简化形态Simptified Form67 变形Deformation68 图学Graphics69 透视画法Perspective70 线透视Linear Perspective71 视点Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点Vanishing Point73 平行透视Parallel Persective74 成角透视Angular Perspective75 斜透视Obligue Perspective76 单点透视Single Paint Perdpective77 两点透视Tow-Point Perdpective78 三点透视Three-Point Perdpective79 鸟瞰图Bird's Eye View80 平面视图Ground Plain81 轴侧投影Axonometric Projection82 设计素描Design Sketch83 预想图Rendering84 模型Model85 粘土模型Clay Model86 石膏模型Plaster Model87 木制模型Wooden Model88 缩尺模型Scale Model89 原大模型Mock Up90 仿真模型Finished Model91 制造原形Prototype92 计算机图形学Computer Graphics93 框架模型Frame Model94 实体模型Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画Computer Three Dimentional Animation98 计算机艺术Computer Arts99 计算机书法Computer Calligraphy100 计算机图象处理Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成Computer Sound Composition设计思潮与流派（英）1 学院派Academicism2 理性主义Rationalism3 非理性主义Irrationalism4 古典主义Classicism5 浪漫主义Romanticism6 现实主义Realism7 印象主义Impressionism8 后印象主义Postimpressionism9 新印象主义Neo-Impressionisme(法）10 那比派The Nabject11 表现主义Expressionism12 象征主义Symbolism13 野兽主义Fauvism14 立体主义Cubism15 未来主义Futurism16 奥弗斯主义Orphism17 达达主义Dadaisme(法)18 超现实主义Surrealism19 纯粹主义Purism20 抽象艺术Abstract Art21 绝对主义，至上主义Suprematism22 新造型主义Neo-plasticisme(法)23 风格派De Stiji24 青骑士Der Blaus Reiter25 抒情抽象主义Lyric Abstractionism26 抽象表现主义Abstract Expressionism27 行动绘画Action Painting28 塔希主义Tachisme(法)29 视幻艺术Op Art30 活动艺术、机动艺术Kinetic Art31 极少主义Minimalism32 概念主义Conceptualism33 波普艺术Pop Art34 芬克艺术、恐怖艺术Funk Art35 超级写实主义Super Realism36 人体艺术Body Art37 芝加哥学派Chicago School38 艺术与手工艺运动The Arts & Crafts Movement39 新艺术运动Art Nouveau40 分离派Secession41 构成主义Constructivism42 现代主义Modernism43 包豪斯Bauhaus44 阿姆斯特丹学派Amsterdam School45 功能主义Functionalism46 装饰艺术风格Art Deco(法)47 国际风格International Style48 流线型风格Streamlined Forms49 雅典宪章Athens Charter50 马丘比丘宪章Charter of Machupicchu51 斯堪的纳维亚风格Scandinavia Style52 新巴洛克风格New Baroque53 后现代主义Postmodernism54 曼菲斯Memphis55 高技风格High Tech56 解构主义Deconstructivism57 手工艺复兴Crafts Revival58 准高技风格Trans High Tech59 建筑风格Architecture60 微建筑风格Micro-Architecture61 微电子风格Micro-Electronics62 晚期现代主义Late Moddernism。
艺术设计专业英语
4、Put together a brief letter of introduction, telling the firm or designer:
--- Who you are --- Where you go to school or where you currently work --- What you are doing there ( studying, working, as a draftsperson, whatever) --- Why you are contacting them (for an internship) --- Why you are contacting them in particular (you feel their design work is the best , they specialize in the field you want to get into. )
Research 1、Decide which country and city you most would like to work in and decide which firm or designer you would most like to work with. ---Consult books , magazines, websites and ask fellow designers and professors : where would they go and who would they want to work with?
寻找那个大的转机？一条通往令人激动的设计门路？按照我的10步计划你就会上路 了！ 调查 1、决定你最想去工作的哪个国家和城市，决定你最想和其工作的哪家公司或者设计 师。 ---参考书籍、杂志、网站并且咨询同行的设计师和教授：他们想去哪里，向和谁一 起工作？
【艺术类院校大学英语第一册】课文翻译及课后答案
英语第一册课文翻译及课后答案（9~16）第九单元歌剧的性质三百多年以来，歌剧已经成为一种最吸引人的音乐娱乐形式。
各具独特的魅力与和他有关的一些分不开——咏叹调，歌唱家和角色，更不用说它的首映夜了。
卡门，咪咪，维奥莱塔，特里斯坦无论是在现实中还是故事中，是什么样的人物能拥有一代又一代那么重视的观众呢？歌剧就是演唱出来的戏剧。
它把声乐、器乐资源---独唱家、合奏，合唱团、乐队、芭蕾与诗歌、戏剧、表演、哑剧、舞台场景、还有戏服等办法融合起来。
把多种元素融为一体并不简单，这一点一直让音乐史上一些最有聪明才智的人大伤脑筋。
乍一看，歌剧似乎不太可能让观众那么容易相信它。
因为它呈现给我们的是一些人沉浸在剧情中不用对话用歌声来表达感情。
有理由问这样一个问题（从歌剧诞生以来文学家们既已经尖锐地问过了）：一种这么不自然的艺术如何让人信服呢？这个问题忽略了一点：让艺术一直都具有激情的最基本的东西：不是去复制自然，而是提高我们对自然的意识。
的确，现实中的人们不会对唱，也不会像莎士比亚笔下的人物那样用无韵诗对话，他们也不住在为方便观众看见里面而缺少一面墙的房间里。
所有的艺术使用一些艺术家和观众都能接受的传统，歌剧使用的传统比诗歌、绘画、戏剧、或电影更明显但本质有不一样。
一旦我们已经接受毯子能飞的事实，也就很容易相信它也可以带上把王子的行李。
歌剧在诗化的戏剧中具有独特的作用。
他利用人类的声音以其独有的力量把人类最基本的情感——爱、恨、妒嫉、快乐、悲伤对观众形成强大的冲击。
现实的逻辑在歌剧的舞台上被艺术超越现实的逻辑所替代，被音乐对心灵产生的力量所替代。
StructureV.1. Paul couldn’t dance, neither c ould he sing.2. My bother Joe never learned to swim, neither does he want to start now.3. I was not surprised at the news and neither were my family.4. Cathy had hardly said anything today, neither had her mother.VI.1. those2. those3.ones4.one5. thatTranslationVIII.1.An opera is a drama that is sung. But they are not different in kind.2.He will give up the dream once he accepts the fact that he can’t be a good actor.3.Movie, opera, painting and poetry are all alluring forms of art.4. A special glamour of opera is that it combines the resources of vocal and instrumental music with other diverse elements into a unity.5.Mary does not like Ballet, nor does she like drama, not to mention opera.第十单元威廉•莎士比亚威廉•莎士比亚是世界上最伟大的剧作家和最好的用英语写作的诗人。
大三艺术英语翻译 (2)
Translation1.Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was one of the most famousrepresentatives of neoclassicism in 18th century. And Eugene Delacroix, who was seen as the leader of romanticism was in the opposed style. Ingres was given a gift of art and devoted his whole life to neoclassicism while there were still lots of attacks made to his paintings because of their unorthodox style.( Unit 3)2.Claude Oscar Monet, the most lyrical of the impressionist painters,was the most committed to recording transient effects of light and atmosphere. This aim led Monet and his colleagues to develop the techniques of Impressionism. ( Unit 5)3.During his youth Monet was struck by the constantly changing appearanceof sea and sky on the north coast of France, near his native city of Le Havre. There he became friendly with Eugene Boudin, a painter of coastal scenes. ( Unit 5)4.Corporate design is working harder than ever before, with more innovationand persuasion, to reach visually inundated and discriminating audiences—to reform, entertain and impress. The corporate client demands more than just a pleasing and reassuring image. ( Unit 10)5.The Arts and Crafts Movement originated in England in the second half ofthe 19th century as a revolt against the mass-produced furniture, household objects, and architecture that flooded the country following the Great Exhibition of 1851 at the Crystal Palace in London. ( Unit 20)6.国立美术馆和英国其他国立美术馆和博物院一样，对参观者免费开放。
艺术设计专业英语Unit 4 What Designers need to Know
Visual translation is the process by which the essence of an image is abstracted in a drawing. Model making explores three-dimensional forms in order to plan and prototype an exhibition or a new product. Drawing teaches the student to look and to see as well as to put down meaningful marks on paper.
MATERIALS, TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY
Technology always plays a role in the process of designing and in communicating information visually. Designers create ideas in two and three dimensions using various materials such as paper and film. They use tools such as computers, camera and airbrushes and work with the technologies of letterpress and video. The designer’s selection of materials and tools can change what an image looks like and what it says.
VISUALIZING TECHNIQUES
华理艺术设计专业英语复习范围.doc
Landscape and Urban Planning(第一本)1、ABSTRACT This paper traces evidence of the influence of the landscape on peopledhealth, from ancient times to the present day, noting how access to nature and attractive green spaces has been a recurring theme in descriptions of therapeutic environments and associated healthy lifestyles. It describes how the theme of health in the picturesque debates of eighteenth century England (including such concepts as "active curiosity5) was taken up and developed in arguments for the nineteenth century urban park movement in England and North America. Recent theories on the mechanisms behind health benefits of nature and access to landscape are compared with claims made in the nineteenth century and earlie匸The importance of access to the landscape appears to be as relevant as ever in the context of modem urban lifestyles but the need for better evidence and understanding remains-2> This paper takes such themes and looks back in history to understand how linksbetween landscape and health have been described, conceptualized and explained in the pas匸The focus is on positive associations between health and landscape, rather than on environmental hazards and pollutants or on negative experiences of wilderness and nature, and it explores the role of the landscape as a salutogenic context, not simply as a therapeutic place for those who are ill.3^ While standards of evidence demanded for public policy and practice today are different from those of previous centuries, people have identified connections between the landscape and health throughout history, and attempted to understand the mechanisms and reasons behind this relationship.4> A recurring characteristic in these descriptions of paradise is the healthful nature of thegarden, supporting human beings in every way, providing delight to every sense. They go beyond descriptions of landscapes that merely provide physical sustenance 一food and water - to places important for all aspects of human wellbeing and that appear to resonate throughout history as an ideal kind of landscape for living.5> What is of particular interest for the themes of this paper, however, is the recognition ofthe restorative and preventative health benefits to be obtained from gardens and the wider landscape for the healthy as well as the sick・6、The therapeutic nature of landscape experience and the basis of responses to thatexperience were themes taken up even more avidly by humanist philosophy and the aesthetic debates of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.7、In the eighteenth century, the arguments tended to focus on the benefits to be obtainedfor the privileged few in society. More recent historical attitudes note how landscape and health are seen as inter-connected issues of concern for all levels of society.8> We see, in the parks movement, less emphasis on the psychological and emotionalbenefits of landscape and more on physical health and prevention of disease as the primary aim of access to parks and green spaces.9 > What is interesting about the arguments put forward by Olmsted and hiscontemporaries for the health benefits of parks is that they bring together the10、11、12、arlier, eighteenth century ideas about mental relief with the more pragmatic lesire to counter disease and physical ill-health.This research not only confirms the nineteenth century belief that access to parks could improve the productivity of workers but also suggests that eighteenth century ideas about the landscape providing for mental curiosity 一the picturesque^ 'active curiosity\ giving "play to the mind, - has a basis in modern psychology ・The relevance of such history for current policy lies in the fact that western countries are facing a health crisis of alarming proportions as physical inactivity, obesity and mental illness increase. Awareness that environment, and landscape in particular, might play a role in enhancing health, and perhaps prevent illness at a fraction of the cost of post hoc medical intervention, has been slow to influence government policy and spending but there are signs that this is changing (Bird, 2004, 2007).Some of the effects of nearby, attractive green space may be simply to encourage people to go outdoors; lack of access to good quality natural environments,13、14、15、outdoors at all, which can contribute to seasonal affective disorder (SAD), limit production of vitamin D through lack of sunlight, disrupt circadian rhythms and lead to insomnia (Czeisler et al., 1986; Lewy et al., 199& Holick, 2004).Throughout history and across cultures, people have considered access to some form of “nature" as a fundamental human need and attractive, green and well-watered landscapes as an essential constituent of the ideal, paradi sal, healthy environment.Writers from the earliest times have recognized that the landscape not only provides for our nutritional needs, it also supports us at every level in our wellbeing. The challenge we face in today's society is that we have often created environments for daily living and working which present more hazards to health than benefits. Global warming and natural environmental catastrophes remind us of the fragility of humankind's engineering and urban constructions at a world scale and we have seen how insensitive development and pollution can create problems which transgress regions or national boundaries. There is, nonetheless, a common thread that runs through centuries of societal development in Europe 一a recurring recognition of the importance of landscape planning and design to provide therapeutic places for people.After a century or so of focus on medical interventions, health professionals and policy makers are once again open to an ecological approach to public health (Morris et al., 2006). They are turning to landscape planners, designers and managers for answers to questions about how to create environments that will encourage healthy lifestyles. But they are also challenging researchers to deliver the highest standards of evidence achievable in our complex world of human/environment interactions.Today we need research that addresses 21st century demands and standards of evidence for policy and practice, so as to understand better how to take the health implications of landscape architecture seriously-Transforming shape in design 第二咅［J分1、This paper is concerned with how design shapes are generated and explored by meansof sketching. It presents research into the way designers transform shapes from one state to another using sketch representations. An experimental investigation of the sketching processes of designers is presented. Connections between sketches are defined in terms of shape transformations and described according to shape rules.These rules provide a formal description of the shape exploration process and develop understanding of the mechanics sketching in design. The paper concludes by discussing the important phenomenon of 'sub-shape9 and suggests that a computational mechanism for detecting sub-shapes in design sketches might augment explorative sketching by providing important opportunities for manipulating and generating shape in design.2^ In creative design, free-hand sketches are frequently used to record ideas for later use and to rapidly explore design alternatives. A key benefit of sketching, in fields such as product design and architectural design, is that it assists designers in the development of various characteristics of design ideas such as form and shape in a low-cost, fast and flexible way.3^ The challenge of developing computational tools to support sketching in the early stages of design has produced significant interest in the design research community. 4、This paper primarily outlines an experimental investigation into the sketching ofarchitects and industrial designers. The investigation was particularly concerned with the developing form of design concepts, and the shape transformations that led to this development.5、Sketching is a common activity in a range of design disciplines. Although the stylesof sketches may differ between different disciplines, the role that sketching plays is broadly similar in the creation, development, evaluation, communication and sharing of ideas.6> This interactive process leads to the generation of a range of related sketches where, toa greater or lesser extent, each design concept is related to other concepts that weregenerated within the same exploratory process.7、Over the years, there has been much research in developing computational systems canbe used successfully to symbolically recognize meaning in sketched shapes, and if the context is known then such systems can be used successfully to symbolically recognize specific design elements.8> While the source of these similarities might be hard to identify, the existence of thesimilarities suggests that the process of developing designs might trace logical paths form an original ideas to a final design.9> Shape transformations in sketches have been studies as a way of understanding a designprocess. Goel, for example identified lateral and vertical transformations in sketches.Lateral transformations convert one idea into a different idea, while verticaltransformations manipulate one idea into a version of the same idea.10、To develop the discussion it is useful to consider more formal procedures of transformation in design; to introduce the notions of shape rules and shape grammars andparticularly to establish the phenomenon of sub-shapes.11、Cleary any pictorial representation of a design，such as sketches, can be formallyrepresented as a shape, and any design elements that can be perceived to be a feature of the design can be formally represented as sub-shapes.12> Shape grammars are defined according to sets of rules, and an initial shape to whichthese rules can be successively applied・They have been used as a means for analyzing designs in professions such as architecture and product design.13> In order to formally describe shape transformations in sketches in a way that reflectsthe path followed by the designer more information is required than can be provided by merely viewing the sketches.14> The experiment consisted of a series of design tasks that involved sketching. Eightprofessional industrial designers, four professional architects and two researchers in the field of architecture participated in this study. All participants had more than 3 years of professional experience in their respective disciplines.15> In both tasks participants were told that their first sketches should be a copy of thegiven staring concept as a common reference point and after that they were free to explore their own variations of the design concept.16> While sketching, designers made use of an A4 paper-based digital notepad this gavethe dual advantage of resembling a traditional pencil-and-paper environment whilst facilitating the recording of pen stokes via screen capture software・17 Participants produced a total of just under 300 sketches and these were categorized bytasks for each participant. In our analysis the sketches were analyzed as abstract shapes, without regard to function or meaning.18、D uring analysis, the sketches were first ordered according to the sequence in whichthey were produced and then clustered for each individual designer into design families 一groups of designs that represent variations of the same idea.19、E ach individual sketch is also labeled with a letter and a numbe匚The lettersidentify which design families sketches belong to and the numbers indicate the number in the sequence in which the sketches were produced.20、O nce the sketches were aiTanged and clustered into design families, shapetransformations between subsequent sketches were identified and described in the form of shape rules.21 > In order to develop a higher-level understanding of the shape transformationsrepresented in these specific rules, they were grouped into general shape rule types and rule schemas.22> While the general rules presented here may be sufficient to capture the shapetransformations of these particular participants the set of rules is not assumed to be complete,23> Structure transformations are mainly used to explore different spatial relationsbetween elements. Because Structure transformations tend to affect the layout of a design they are more likely to lead to radical changes than Outline transformations. 24> A shape transformation is regarded as Substitute element only if the added shape is new, meaning that it has not been achieved through any other type of transformationdescribed in the presented list.25> A transformation is regarded as Add element when a sketch displays an elementthat is not present in the preceding sketch in the sequence.26> In contrast to the other types of transformation in the list Change view does notrepresent a shape transformation of the design.27> In general, design families can be identified by asking participants to describe theconnections between sketches. At this stage of the analysis, the contribution of the participant is essential to avoid superficial and erroneous grouping of design based solely on researchers? perception.28> In contrast to design families, shape transformations were more challenging to identifybecause during the interview process participants felt more comfortable describing the connections between sketches and interpretation of their drawing than describing in detail the shape transformations they applied between their sketches. Instead thetransformations identified were largely based on the interpretation of the researchers who were conducting the analysis. As a result, there is significant subjectivity in the transformations used to formalize the sketching processes of the participants. In order to examine the degree of this subjectivity two additional researchers were asked to analyze the transformations within five design families. Each researcher described the transformations of 40 sketch transformations and their results were then compared with the original analysis of the sketches.29> This study has shown that given a limited number of shape rules it is possible toexplicitly describe shape transformations between successive sketches- Shape rules offer a means to capture information not embedded in sketches which might be useful for the recording, reflection, and reuse of previous ideas.30、If such mechanisms could be realized it could also be possible to develop a moreindependent system that scrutinizes designers，freehand drawing, seeking to offer potentially valuable transformations-31 > In order to develop such mechanisms it is necessary to consider not only the technicalissues of recognizing and manipulating perceived structures in a design but also the modes in which they could be implemented in a computational system intended to support design exploration.32> Our future research plans are to involve designers in the process of describing theirshape transformations with rules, and investigate potential benefits of computational systems that support explorative process through generation of design networks.。
艺术设计专业英语Unit 1 Back to Basics — Understanding Col
The Color Wheel is a perfect instrument for understanding color. It shows the primary, secondary and tertiary colors. Blue, red and yellow are primary colors. They are pure colors and can’t be made from any other colors.
Advancing and Receding Colors containing red create the illusion of advancing towards the viewer while colors that contain blue (like green or violet) seem to recede.
Complementary colors such as red and green lie opposite each other the color wheel create a strong contrast bringing energy, vigor and excitement to any design.
Secondary colors are orange, green and violet which are made from equal amounts of any two primary colors. For example, green is made of equal amount of blue and yellow.
Simultaneous Contrast When seeing to neighboring colors, the human eye tends to emphasize the differences between them rather than the similarities. The perception of one color will always be influenced by the presence of another color, as you can see in this example. The word blue is the same color on both backgrounds but it’s perceived to look brighter on yellow and darker on red. Complementary colors of high saturation and equal luminosity tend to appear more brilliant.
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段落翻译1、Shopping centers provide building enclosures to enable the buying public and the retailing industry to do business. For thousands of years,these enclosures and the spaces between have been evolving as a changing reflection of the overall society,its products and delivery systems.After World War II significant programmatic changes in society broadly changed the design of shopping centers.A more affluent middle-class spread into the emerging suburbia and relied on the automobile as if it were a body part. The result was the development of the typical enclosed mall and strip center accessed only by car and located in the suburbs. 购物中心是为购物的大众和零售行业提供做生意的场所，千百年来，这些场地及其空间在不断演进，反映着整个社会的边画，包括其产品及传送系统，“二战”之后，重大的，有步骤的社会变革极大地改变了购物中心的设计，更富裕的中产阶层嵌入不断涌现的城郊居住区，并且像对待自身的一部分那样依赖汽车。
结果就是典型的封闭式商场以及只有汽车才能进入的位于城郊的下场商业街区的发展。
2、The shopping center fo the future will be viewed more as a flexible business enterprise adapting to and in competition with many other product delivery and entertainment systems and less as a relatively unchanging real estate asset.While location will still be a key to real estate,the design,merchandising,and promotion of shopping centers will become equally important.Thus,to attract paying customers,the shopping center designs of the future will reflect the demands of the customers of the future:competitive pricing and higher levels of service with convenience,entertainment,sophistication,and excitement.未来的购物中心将更多地被看作是灵活的商业企业，与许多其他的产品传送和娱乐体系相适应、相竞争，而不是一个相对来讲没有什么变化的不动产但对于不动产而言方位任是一个关键，购物中心的设计规划和营销奖同等重要。
这样，为吸引有支付能力的顾客，未来购物中心的设计将反映未来顾客的需求：有竞争力的价格、提供便利、娱乐，兼具综合性和刺激性的更高水准的服务。
3、Many people searching for personal fulfillment have found inspiration in the Arts &.Crafts Movement.The movement emphasized the importance of useful,creative work to the individual and to society as a whole.Ideas about’the simple life’.’back-to-the-land’.and self-sufficiency were part of its philosophy as were issues around healthy eating and dress reform.许多追求自我完善的人们在工艺美术运动中得到启示，这一运动从整体上强调实用的、创造性的作品对于个人各社会的重要性。
“简单生辉”、“回归土地”和自给自足的理念是其知道思想的一部分正如它们也曾是围绕健康饮食和着装改革所占开的话题。
4、Crafts education is an important legacy of the Arts & Crafts Movement.The movement emphasized the importance of creativity but also encouraged individuals to learn through practical experience.The movement invigorated the teaching of embroidery and handwriting in primary schools from the early 20th century.Craft teaching in secondary schools,art colleges and teacher training colleges was heavily influenced by the practical’hands-on’approach of the movement while craft manuals and materials produced by firms such as Dryad provided many individuals with a first-hand experience of arts and crafts.工艺教育是工艺美术运动的一份重要遗产。
这一运动强调创造性的重要，但同时也鼓励个人从实践经验中求知。
从20世纪早期开始，这一运动就倡导在初级学校中展开刺绣和书法的教学。
在中等学校、艺术院校和师资培训中展开的工艺教学在很大程度上收到该运动所提出的“动手”实践方法的影响，同事有诸如德瑞艾达公司所提供的工艺手册和相关原料也为很多个人提供了对于工艺美术的第一手经验。
句子翻译1、…even in childhood was possessed of a romantic attachment to forests and gardens and flowers and birds which,with his interest in mediaevalism,would recur in his art,his poetry,and his fiction for the rest of his life.”圣旨还在幼年时期，他对森林、花园、鲜花和鸟就有着浪漫的依恋之情，同事伴随着对中古风情的浓厚兴趣。
这些在他以后的绘画，是个和小说中都的到体现。
“此处，which指代前面所说的romantic attachment.2、Morris and his friends and acquaintances decorated the house themselves in properly mediaeval fashion,building all the furnishings,designing stained glass windows,painting murals,and weaving tapestries,and discovered that they enjoyed it.”莫里斯和他的朋友和熟人们一道依据中世纪的风格装修了这所房子，制作了全部的家具、设计了玻璃嵌花窗、绘制了壁画、编制了挂毯等，从中得到了不少的乐趣。
”building…,designing…,painting…,weaving…,一组由现在分词阴道的状语从句描述了“装修”的具体行为。
3、The Grand Hyatt Shanghai,for example,has a trio of inspirations:ttraditional Chinese,Western art deco,and contemporary design,From the exterior to the smallest interior detail,this design pays homage to tradition and changes in Chinese architecture.例如上海的凯悦大酒店的设计就受到三方面因素的影响：中国传统、西方装饰艺术和当代设计风格。
从其外观设计到室内设计的细微末节，都体现出对中国建筑传统及其变革的敬意。
4、Symbolizing good fortune,the number eight recurs as a theme-in the eight-section floor plan,the building setbacks and the 88storeys-in keeping with fengshui principles,作为好运的象征，数字8的主题一再重复--大厦低平面分为8快向内收缩，总层数共88层--遵循着风水术的定律。
5、In the reception area,a double ceiling-height glass curtain wall offers views of the western bank of Huangpu River,and the waterfront district know as the Bund,which features early 1900s architecture,在接待区，透过一道双层的与天花板同高的玻璃幕墙，可以浏览黄埔江西岸的风景和以20世纪早期建筑为特色的外滩景区。
6、A card such as this is typically on stock that is coated on one side-you print color on the coated side,black and white on the uncoated side .This allows you to strike a balance between the impact of color and the reality of budget restraints.这样的一张卡片通常只有一面套印--你可以将彩色印在这一面，另一面没有套印的只能印黑白的内容，这就使得你能在色彩效果和预算限制间求取平衡。