英美概况美国unit10
英美概况美国部分初稿
《英美概况》讲稿——美国部分美国部分.........................................................第一章美国地理位置Geography................第二章美国人口种族Population，Race and Ethnic groups................第三章美国历史（一）American History(I)................第四章美国历史（二）American History(II)................第五章美国历史（三）American History(III)................第六章美国经济The Economy................第七章政治制度Political institution................第八章美国教育Education................第九章文化建筑和音乐Literature, Architecture and Music................第十章节日和假期Holidays and Festivals美国部分.........................................................第十三章美国地理位置Geography................第十四章美国人口种族Population，Race and Ethnic groups................第十五章美国历史（一）American History(I)................第十六章美国历史（二）American History(II)................第十七章美国历史（三）American History(III)................第十八章美国经济The Economy................第十九章政治制度Political institution................第二十章美国教育Education................第二十一章文化建筑和音乐Literature, Architecture and Music ................第二十二章节日和假期Holidays and Festivals英美概况精讲——美国部分Chapter 1 geography 地理位置1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American. Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
英美概况美国篇
英美概况美国篇一、概况1.50 StatesIts forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.2.Races and Population在东部时间2006年10月17日早晨7点46分，美国人口总数突破三亿大关，这是美国人口史上具有里程碑意义的一刻。
3.06188亿（2009年，世界国家和地区第3名，次于中国、印度）3.The Composition of American Population1)The Majority:the descendants of immigrants from European countries, suchas France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, and Spain;“Pilgrim Fathers”;Potatofamine2)The Minorities:The African Americans: black slaves from Africa;Indians: thenumber of native Americans has been falling, no more than a million;TheHispanics: immigrants or descendents of immigrants from Latin America,such as Cuba and Mexico (Mexicans are the most numerous amongthem);Asian-Americans, from China, Japan and Korea;Morethan a millionChinese-Americans, most of whom live in Hawaii, on the West Coast and insome big cities;5 million Jews in America, many of whom went there duringthe Second World War and achieved great success in America.3)“The Melting Pot”:It means immigrants from different nations all over theworld have mixed to make up the American nation.“old immigrants”: cameto America before 1860;“new immigrants”, after 1860.The ImmigrationQuota Law was passed by the American government in 1924.二、Early History1.Columbus：1492 Christopher Columbus arrived at Salvador Island, thusdiscovered the “New World”.(Amerigo V espucci: named “America”)2.The first English permanent settlement:1607 The first group of English coloniescame to America and built their settlement of Charleston which later was expanded into the first English colony known as Virginia.3.Pilgrim Fathers:1620 Some English immigrants (Puritans) sailed into Plymouthon a ship called the “Mayflower”.102 Puritans, 60 days.Mayflower Compact, “one man one vote”, “one-man rule”4.The values of Puritans:hard work; commercial success; the importance ofeducation5.Thanksgiving:1621 Thanksgiving Day was first celebrated by the pilgrims of thePlymouth Colony.三、American Revolutionary1.The 13 English colonies in America1)The New England Colonies: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, RhodeIsland, and Connecticut.2)The Middle Colonies: New Y ork, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland3)The Southern Colonies: Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia 2.“Common Sense”Thomas Paine: “Common Sense” .The pamphlet demanded complete independence from Great Britain and the establishment of a strong federal union.Within a few months reached a total of 120,000 copies.3.The founding fathers of US1)George Washington“Father of the Country”.First, he was the commander of the ContinentalArmy that won American independence in the Revolutionary War.Second, heserved as president of the convention that wrote the United StatesConstitution.Third, he was elected the first President of the United States.Inthe European war, he declared that the United States would remain neutral.2)John Adams(A federalist)The Alien and Sedition Acts:made it a crime for anyone to publish “false,scandalous, and malicious writing” about the government and its officials,and gave the president to deport any foreigners considered dangerous to thenation’s peace and safety.The real purpose: to silence the Democratic-Republican and check their growing power.The Acts made theFederalists very unpopular, who were defeated in the election of 1800 anddisappeared from political scene some 15 years later.3)Benjamin FranklinThe most famous American of the 18th century and one of the most famousand influential Americans who have ever lived.A greatest statesman, scientist, philosopher, diplomat.His services as a diplomat in France helped greatly inwinning the Revolutionary War.Franklin was the only person who signed allthe four of the most important documents in American history:TheDeclaration of Independence;The Treaty of Alliance with France;The Treatyof Peace with Great Britain;The Constitution of the United States.4)HamiltonHamilton’s contribution:Established a governmental-supported nationalbank;Created a new series of gold, silver, and coppercoins;Raised money bya tax on the manufacture of whiskey.5)JeffersonJeffersonian Presidency:The first Democratic-Republican President,“a bornpopular leader”.His inauguration marked the beginning of the peacefulpolitical transition from one political party to another in America.Jeffersonian Democracy:Jefferson advocated a nation of small farmers.Thenational government should be weak and be an advocate of individualrights.A truly democratic statesmanHe favored: “absolute acquiescence inthe decisions of the majority” ;He opposed:“every f orm of tyranny over themind of man.6)John Quincy Adamsthe Monroe Doctrine's chief author;the sixth President of the UnitedStates;the son of John Adams and Abigail Adams.As a diplomat, Adams wasinvolved in many international negotiations, and helped formulate theMonroe Doctrine as Secretary of State. Historians agree he was one of thegreatest diplomats in American history. Encouraged industry.7)“Virginia Dynasty”(Virginians, Democratic-Republicans)Thomas JeffersonJames Madison: “the Father of Constitution”.James Monroe (1817- 1825)“The Era of Good Feeling”: its relative peace, unity, and optimism about thefuture; nationalism.The Monroe Doctrine:“America for Americans”;“the manifestation of anunfriendly disposition toward the United States”.James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of theUnion Address to Congress. It stated that further efforts by Europeancountries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would beviewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring USintervention.The Influences of Monroe Doctrine:It became a defining moment in theforeign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets,invoked by U.S. presidents, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, John F.Kennedy, and others.4.Independence War1)The Causes of the War:The sharpening contradictions between Britain andthe colonies;The Unity of the colonies.2)Before the Independence War:1630 Boston was founded by a group of Puritans.1636 Harvard was founded.1682 Philadelphia was founded.1701 Detroit was founded by French.Y ale was founded.1733 Georgia, the last of thirteen English colonies, was founded.Spanish,French, Dutch and English colonists,only the English established permanentagricultural colonies(Religious reason;Economic reason).1765 The Stamp Act was passed.1766 The Stamp Act was repealed.1770 The Boston Massacre took place.1773 There appeared the event of the Boston Tea Party.1774 The first Continental Congress was held.3)Progress of the War(Time: 1775-1783):1775 Minute Men of Lexington and Concord counterattacked the invadingEnglish troops, marking the preclude of Independence War on April.Thesecond continental congress was called in May.The Battle of Bunker Hilltook place on June 17th(The bloodiest battle of the entire war;During thesecond Continental Congress;More than 1000 British soldiers and about 400Americans were killed or wounded).The delegates decided to resist, by forceif necessary; they asked King George III to prevent further hostile action byGreat Britain, to restore the peaceful relation.1776 The Declaration of Independence was signed andissued.The Battle ofTrenton took place.1777 The Battle of Saratoga took place, which marked the turning point ofthe war.It stopped the British invasion from Canada, and saved the NewEngland colonies.It helped convince France that it could safely enter the waron the American sideAfter the Americans’ victory at Saratoga, France agreedto enter into an open alliance with the United States.Americans benefitedfrom the direct assistance of a number of foreign volunteers like the Marquisde Lafayette.1778 The Battle of Monmouth took place on June 28th, which was the lastlarge battle in the North.1781 General Cornwallis and his 7000 men surrendered at Y orktown on Oct.19th, which was the real end of the war.1783 Paris Peace Treaty was signed between America and England on Sep.3rd.The last of the British left America.The War in the South：Victory at Y orktown in 1781: ended fighting in theRevolution and virtually assured success to the American cause.4)The Articles of Confederation《邦联条例》Adopted by Congress in 1777, and taken into effect in1781.The Articlesserved as the new nation’s const itution until the first government under theConstitution of the United States was formed in 1789.The Articles attemptedto balance the need for an effective national government with the traditionalindependence of each state.5)The Treaty of Paris1782 Parliament voted to end hostilities and begin peace talks.1783 TheAmericans and the British signed the Treaty of Paris, officially ending theRevolutionary War.Britain recognized the independence of its formercolonies and accepted the new nation’s borders.6)Postwar ProblemsNot a truly unified country.According to the Article of the Confederation, thefirst thirteen states were determined to have a weak national government.The federal governmentUnable to pay the high national debtLacked the means for raising money to provide for national defenseHad no power to regulate the nation’s tradeRevising the Article of the Confederation became an urgent issue.5.Constitutional Convention 17871787 The Constitutional Convention was called.12 States,except for Rhode Island,55 delegates, Philadelphia’s Independence Hall.Washington, was chosen aschairman.Benjamin Franklin helped ease some of the difficulties among the other delegates.1)Debates in Constitutional ConventionNorthern states:Strengthen the power of the federal government;Favoredprotective tariffs and free labor.Southern states:Protect the rights of states and demand a weak centralgovernment;Preferred low tariffs and slavery2)Controversy Over RepresentativesSmall states:demanded equal representation with large statesLarge states:argued for proportional representation reflecting the populationof each state3)CompromiseHouse of Representatives:in proportion to the population of the statesSenate:two representatives each from both the large and the small states4)The new Constitution was born on September 17, 1787, after 16 weeks ofdeliberation.Basic Ideas of the Constitution:Separation of powersChecks-and-balancesFederalismThe Bill of RightsTo restrict the central government and assure individual rights, 10Amendments were added to the document and became law in 1791.These ten amendments guaranteed individual freedom of speech, religion, thepress, the right to trial by jury, the right to bear arms, the right to securityfrom unreasonable searches and seizures and the right to avoidself-determination四、American Politics1. The election of American presidentThe President is elected by an Electoral College.In 1789, the Electoral College unanimously chose George Washington to be the first American president.2. The First Political PartiesA political division: appeared between those who favored a strong federalgovernment and those who opposed it.Federalist Party: Hamilton and his followers, chiefly NorthernersDemocratic-Republican Party: Jefferson and his followers, chiefly Southerners 3. Federalists vs Anti-FederalistsFederalist Party:favored a strong federal government and the interests of commerce and manufacturing over agriculture, and the new government on a sound financial basis.The Federalist Party generally backed Britain in The conflicts between France and Britain.Democratic-Republican Party:A weak central government;Sided with France; The present-day Democratic Party4. The principles of governmentThe government derives its power from the consent of the governed.The power of government must be limited by a fundamental law, the Constitution.The government should be granted adequate power for achieving its appropriate purpose.5. FederalismFederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States.The federal government and the state governments are equal before the U.S.Constitution.Hamilton vs JeffersonIn 1790, the Federalist political party, lead by Alexander Hamilton, believed in a strong federal government, which is where the name came from.The Democratic-Republicans, or the Republican political party today, lead by Thomas Jefferson, believed in a weak federal government6. The power of federal governmentThe federal government is granted the power to deal with problems which no single state could deal with effectively.To coin moneyTo tax importsTo raise an army for national defenceTo manage foreign affairsTo take care of the general welfare of the American people To deal with the problems concerning more than two states7. Check-and-balance systemTo prevent one branch from becoming supreme, and to induce the branches to cooperate, governance systems that employ a separation of powers need a way to balance each of the branches.8. United States: Government Structure1)Constitution:three branches of American government and the functions ofthemExecutive Branch——President:Cabinet of Advisors;Heads of Major Government AgenciesThe Executive（The federal government refers to the branches as "branches of government", while some systems use "government" to describe the executive.）The President（The President is both the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. The President, according to the Constitution, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed," and "preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution."）The Vice President（Under the Constitution, the Vice President is President of the Senate.）The Secretary of State（The Secretary of State is the Chief Executive Officerof the United States Department of State, the most senior of all federal executive departments.The Secretary serves as the President's chief adviser on U.S. foreign policy.）Legislative Branch——Congress:House ofRepresentatives;SenateJudicial Branch——Supreme Court:9members2)State Governments:The United States was originally made up of 13English-American colonies.All the 50 states, which each represented by a star on the national flag, are “united”under the Constitution.The task of the state governmentTo look after the well-being of the residents and protect their natural rights.State assemblyGovernorIts own system of law courts3)Local governments:American local governments are not controlled by thefederal government, but by the state government.五、Expansion and Progress1. The Louisiana Purchase(One of Jefferson’s greatest achievements)Background:French control of Louisiana as a danger to the United States For the benefit of American agriculture and commerce by developing the Louisiana TerritoryThe action doubled the size of the United States.2. Lewis and Clark ExpeditionTime: 1804Target: the northern part of the Louisiana PurchaseAchievement:provided valuable information about the Indians, flora and fauna, the geography in the Western territory;gave the United States claim to the land to the Pacific Ocean.3. The Unsuccessful EmbargoDuring Jefferson’s second term, problems from the war between Great Britain and France arose.Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807, which made it illegal for American goods to be exported to foreign countries.The embargo failed to bring about any change in British or French policy and became a disaster for the American economy.On the other side, it aroused indignation among Americans.4. The War of 1812(“Second War for Independence” )The British which had a strong navy continued to interfere with U.S. ships, force American seamen into British service, and violate the nation’s n eutral rights and coastal waters.In 1812 President Madison asked congress to declare war against Britain.the Treaty of Ghent:The war continued indecisively for nearly three years.Both sides agreed to the Treaty of Ghent (《根特和平条约》) on December 24, 1814, which brought peace and established a commission to settle boundary disputes.The Effects of the War of 1812Neither side won the War of 1812, but the war did have important effects on the United States:it increased national patriotism and helped to unite the United States into one nation;it practically ended Indian resistance in the Northwest and encouraged rapid settlement of the region.5. The Westward Movement1)Two frontiersThe west of early United States, the region between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River. (Texas) The Great West (Far West), stretching from the MississippiRiver to the Pacific Ocean, can be subdivided into two sections: the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains and the region between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific coast.(California)2)PioneersDaniel Boone:the most famous pioneerWilderness Road: became a main route to the West for thousands of settlersPioneers included Easterners from both the North and South, and Europe.For seeking a better life, or in search of religious freedom3)Indians(“Trail of Tears”)As white people moved westward, native Americans east of the Mississippi River suffered a great deal.4)The Age of JacksonAndrew Jackson was a dominant figure of the early 19th century.He won fame as an Indian fighter and as a hero in the War of 1812.He was born into a poor family who lived in a log cabin.He gained support from Western farmers, frontiersmen, city laborers and craftmen.“Jacksonian Democracy”This term is used to describe the reforms and reform movements of the period from 1828 to 1850.He carried out the policy of equal political power for all, so by the end of the era, the United States was a more democratic nation than it had been before.The Rise of “Common man”President Jackson promised to end th e “monopoly” of government by the rich and to protect the interests of the “common man”.In order to protect the interests of the“common man”, Jackson launched a major crusade against the Second National Bank of the United States.The Rise of Middle ClassIn Jacksonian era, the majority of common men found opportunities in the relatively fluid society to achieve material success, as in those that preceded and followed it, established “middle class”respectability.The Start of Spoil SystemWhen Jackson became President, many wealthy Easterners held federalgovernment offices. Jackson dismissed many of these people from office, replacing them with his supporters.The spoil system is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters asa reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working forthe party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.Two New Parties :Two new parties took form during the age of Jackson.Democratic Party: under the leadership of JacksonNational Republicans(the Whigs): those who supported John Qunicy AdamsIndian removalThe most controversial aspect of Jackson's presidency was his policy regarding American Indians, which involved the ethnic cleansing of several Indian tribes.Many tribes and portions of tribes had been removed to Arkansas Territory and further west of the Mississippi River without the suffering and tragedies ofwhat later became known as the Trail of Tears.六、The American Civil War1.The North vs the South(Two-party system :Republican Party and DemocraticParty)The political conflict between the North and the SouthRepublican Party Founded in northern states in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex-Whigs and ex-Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party.It first came to power in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency; it presided over the American Civil War and Reconstruction.The North had more people, more raw materials for producing war supplies, anda better railway system.The South had more experienced military leaders and better knowledge of the battlefields because most of the war was fought in the South.2.Major Events About the Civil War1852 The novel entitled “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”was published.1854 The Republican Party was founded.Douglas Bill was introduced.1859 John Brown led the slaves’treason.1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president.(Abraham Lincoln:As one of the greatest man in world history, and the most respected presidents in American history.Lincoln helped keep the American Union together during the Civil War and abolished slavery in the United States.A perfect example of a self-made man: how an honest and hardworking man in America can rise fromhumble origin to the nation’s highest office.)1861 The south Confederate Government was set up and the Civil War broke out.1862 The Homestead Bill was issued in May.(Homestead Bill 《宅地法》:The Homestead Act was one of several United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres (1/4 section, 65 hectares) ofundeveloped federal land outside the original 13 colonies. The original Homestead Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862.)The Emancipation Proclamation was issued up on Sep. 22nd.(The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. The second order, issued January 1, 1863, named ten specific states where it would apply.) 1863 The Battle of Gettysburg took place and it was the turning point of the Civil War.(Gettysburg Address:The speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and is one of the best-known speeches in United States history. It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.)1865 The South surrendered and the Civil War ended.President Lincoln was assassinated.(On the evening of April 14, 1865, Lincoln attended a performance at Ford’s Theater in Washington. A Southern actor named John Wilkes Booth shot the President in the head from the rear of thepresidential box.)3.Negative Effects of the Civil War1)The four years of bloody fighting between the North and South hadstaggering effects on the nation.2)About 360,000 Union troops and perhaps 260,000 Confederate troops died;no other war in American history has taken so many American lives.3)It caused enormous property damage, especially in the South where manySouthern cities, towns, plantations, factories and railroads lay in ruin.4.人物1)John Brown:an American abolitionist, who advocated and practiced armedinsurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacrein 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid atHarpers Ferry in 1859.Brown has been called "the most controversial of all19th-century Americans." Brown's actions are often referred to as "patriotictreason", depicting both sides of the argument2)General Robert Edward Lee:among the most celebrated generals inAmerican history He is best known for commanding the Confederate Armyof Northern Virginia in the American Civil War.3)General Ulysses Grant:the 18th President of the United States (1869–77) aswell as military commander during the Civil War and post-warReconstruction periods. Under the command of Grant, the Union Army4)Andrew Johnson:President Lincoln had announced his plan that was mild andgenerous to the South.When Johnson succeeded Lincoln and becamePresident, he tried to carry out Lincoln’s policy, but the radicals in Congressrejected his Reconstruction programs.The House of Representativesimpeached Johnson, but the Senate was one vote short of the two-thirdsmajority required to remove him from office.5.Reconstruction(1865-1877)The period in the United States history that followed the Civil WarThe process through which the South returned to the Union after their defeat.A time of bitter political quarrels and disappointed hopes1)Economic and Political ReconstructionReconstruction failed to solve the economic problem of either the blacks orthe South as a whole.Politically, Reconstruction made most Southerner whites firm supporters ofthe Democratic Party.No Racial Harmony:Reconstruction failed to bring racialharmony to theSouth.White Southerners remained loyal to their old social order andbelieved whites were superior to blacks, refused to share important politicalpower with blacks.2)Ku Klux Klan (KKK)Three distinct past and present right-wing US organizations. The currentmanifestation is splintered into several chapters and is widely considered ahate group. The first KKK flourished in the South in the 1860s, then died outby the early 1870s. The second KKK flourished nationwide in the early andmid 1920s, and adopted the costumes and paraphernalia of the first Klan. Thethird Klan emerged after World War II. Their iconic white costumesconsisted of robes, masks, and conical hats.3)“the Negro question”As the North gradually lost interest in Reconstruction and “the Negroquestion”, Southern whites regained control of their state governments andtook away many of the rights that blacks had won during Reconstruction.Bythe early 20th century, every Southern state had passed laws limiting votingrights. Such laws effectively prevented most blacks fromvoting.4)Confederate States into UnionCongress insisted that the Confederate States agree to follow all federal lawsbefore being readmitted to the Union.Between 1860 and 1870, all theConfederate States eventually met various requirements and all returned tothe Union by 1870.5)Constitutional AmendmentsThe 13th Amendment (1865) to the Constitution outlawed slavery throughoutthe United States.The 14th Amendment (1868) confirmed the citizenship of blacks.The 15th Amendment (1870) made it illegal to deny the right to vote on thebasis of race.6)Public schoolsSignificant achievement of the Reconstruction government was theestablishment of the first public school systems in the most states of theSouth.African Americans and white Republicans joined to build education atthe state level.But most schools attracted white students by educating blacksand whites seperately.七、America In the Twentieth Century1.World War Ⅰ。
英美概况第2册unit10
• apt to be committed by persons of lower social and economic status
• the Serious Crime Index of the FBI • provides an indication of the rates and trends of certain crimes in the United States • the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes
• the FBI and the CIA • corporation: more concerned with their own profits than with social responsibility, and the quality or price of their products, or the truth of their advertising
Drug Abuse
• one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation • some obvious and measurable, some hidden and difficult to quantify
Crime
• There is a strong association between some forms of drug use and crime • the use of alcohol • Heroin addiction • illicit commerce • the Mafia
高三英语Unit10Americanliterature人教版知识精讲.doc
高三英语Unit10Americanliterature人教版知识精讲.doc高三英语Unit 10 American literature人教版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容Unit 10 American literature二. 重点难点学习美国文学知识，复习非谓语动词用法。
三. 具体内容1. There was an electric bell that did not work, …work：to be active in a proper wayto make a person or a machine workto produce an effecteg.You need to find which method works best for you.The clock doesn’t work today.The color doesn’t work for me.2. Della finished crying and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.Attend to sb. /sth.：give help to or direct one’s efforts and interest to eg.You’d better attend to that thin girl; she’s going to faint.I have argument matter to attend to.3. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.Expense：cost esp. of money but also time or effortAt a great/little/no expenseAt one’s expenseAt the expense ofeg.I bought a car at little expense.He tried to be clever at my expense.He finished the job at the expense of his health.4. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took great pride.Take pride in：eg.She took great pride in her brave son.5. It was worthy of the watch.Worth：be worthWorthy：be worthy ofWorthwhile：adj. worth doingeg.The person who doesn’t help others is not worth helping.He is worthy of dislike.The boss gave me a worthwhile job.【典型例题】[例1] I didn’t ______ the _____ seriousness of the country’s problems until I went there myself.A. realize; trueB. recognize; realC. realize; realD. recognize; true答案：A解析：前项所缺的词，同意为“意识到”，后项所缺的词，同意为真正的严重性，true 意为“真正的”，“与事实一致”的。
美国课件10+文化 美国概况 英语国家概况 英美概况
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• The stories reinforced the idea. The idea is that all individuals, no matter how poor, were capable of becoming wealthy as long as they were honest and hard-working.
creed or religion. 4. Public schools are controlled by the state
and the local governments. 5. Attendance at school is compulsory. 6. Schooling should be enriched and not just
• D. Religious authorities: “Schools that teach facts but no values weaken the moral strength of the country. We can provide the wisdom and insight on which all teaching should be based.”
• B. Teachers: “What do parents know? We have been to college. We are the ones with the special training. We should make the decisions.”
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritai
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritai<i>英美国家概况参考译文翻译</i>Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain(英国的体育运动、节假日)一、本单元重点内容Sports体育:1. football (足球), “Football hooligans” (“足球流氓”) and the FA (足球协会)2. tennis (网球) and Wimbledon (温布尔登)3. cricket and “fair play” （板球与“公平竞争”思想）4. golf (高尔夫球)5. horse racing (赛马): the Grand National {（英国一年一度的）全国越野障碍赛马}the Royal Ascot (皇家阿斯科特赛马会)Holidays and Festivals节假日:1. Christmas (圣诞节) and Three traditions of Christmas (圣诞节的三大传统习俗)2. The Boxing Day and its traditions (节礼日(圣诞节后的第一个工作日)和其传统习俗)3. Easter (复活节)4. Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) and the traditions{篝火之夜(盖伊福克斯之夜)和其传统习俗}5. The Battle of the Boyne (博茵河战役)6. Orange Marches (“奥伦治游行”)7. St Patrick’s Day (圣帕特里克节) and The Christian Trinity (基督教的三位一体)8. Hogmanay (苏格兰的除夕)9. Burns Night (彭斯之夜)10. Halloween (万圣节前夜)11. The Eisteddfod (威尔士诗歌音乐比赛会)二、本单元重、难点辅导Sports1. football and “football hooligans“ in BritainFootball was invented in Britain.（足球运动起源于英国。
英美概况课件(美国)10+11
US House of Representatives
435 voting members each represents a congressional district serves for a 2-year term 6 non-voting members 5 delegates from the District of Columbia, Guam, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands (2-year term) resident commissioner from Puerto Rico (4year term)
US House of Representatives
Each party elects a whip. to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires
US House of Representatives
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Legislative branch bicameral Congress House of Representative Senate
Executive branch President Cabinet members and other officials Judicial branch Courts Federal courts the Supreme Court lower federal courts State courts
US House of Representatives
3 qualifications (1) be at least 25 years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past 7 years; (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent Disqualification (Under the 14th Amendment ) a federal or state officer engages in rebellion or aids the enemies of the United States, is disqualified from becoming a representative
英美概况美国部分(修正版)
英美概况：美国部分美国是一个世界强国，也是世界上最发达的国家之一。
它是全球第三大面积的国家，也是人口最多的发达国家之一。
在全球政治、经济、文化和科技等多个方面都具有重要影响力。
本文将介绍美国的基本概况，包括历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的信息。
历史美国的历史可以追溯到17世纪初。
当时，欧洲人开始在美洲殖民，最初的定居点之一是弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。
在接下来的几个世纪里，欧洲的殖民者不断向西扩张，逐渐控制了整个北美洲。
在18世纪末，美国独立战争爆发，美国成功地获得了独立。
之后，美国逐步成为一个强大的国家，经历了艰苦的内战、两次世界大战、冷战等重要时期。
如今，美国已经发展成为一个全球超级大国。
政治美国是一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州和华盛顿特区组成。
美国的总统是国家最高领导人，其它重要政治职位包括国务卿、众议院议长、参议院议长等。
美国的政治体系强调三权分立，即立法、行政和司法。
除了国家政府外，各个州和地方政府也有很大的自治权力。
例如，州政府负责管理其内部的基础设施、教育、警力等方面的事务。
经济美国是世界上最大的经济体之一，并拥有世界上最先进的市场经济体系。
其国内生产总值(GDP)约为21万亿美元，占据了全球总GDP的近四分之一。
美国的经济以服务业和制造业为主。
其中，科技产业是美国经济的一个重要支柱，硅谷和纽约市的科技企业在全球范围内都有重要影响力。
美国的贸易额也非常高，是世界上最大的进口国和第二大出口国。
文化美国文化是世界上最多元化的文化之一，其核心价值包括自由、民主和平等。
美国拥有世界最顶尖的大学、艺术机构和博物馆，其中包括哈佛大学、纽约大都会艺术博物馆、洛杉矶县艺术博物馆等。
美国的音乐和电影产业也非常有名，好莱坞电影更是成为了世界的一张名片。
在日常生活中，美国人非常注重个人隐私和自由，热爱户外运动和旅游。
他们吃的食物和所喜欢的体育运动都各具特色，如热狗、汉堡包、冰淇淋、棒球等。
美国是一个多元化的国家，拥有着丰富的历史、政治、经济和文化。
英美概况unit10British Sports课件
Football
Origin
Football was invented in Britain. Legends suggest that football derived from the “sports” of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.
THale Waihona Puke nnisOriginTennis was invented in Britain Tennis owns its origins to the church
Wimbledon(温布尔登)
Wimbledon is a suburb in London . It is the place where the world’s best players gather to complete in the annual international tennis championship. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world
Hunting
A noble traditional sport A Blood sport---controversy
The End
British Sports
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Sports
Many international sports were introduced by the British who take their leisure time very seriously. There is widespread participation in sport in Britain. Popular sports in Britain: football, tennis, cricket, golf, horsing, racing, hunting, equestrianism
英美概况之美国战 文档全文预览
• General
• Robert E. Lee
• Lee’s Officers
• Stonewall Jackso n • J.E.B. Stuart
• Capitol(s)
• Birmingham AL • Richmond VA
Weapons
• Mini Balls • Grape Shot • Exploding Cannon Balls • Iron Ships
Reconstruction
• Lincoln’s Plan: Forgiveness • J o h n s o n ’ s P l a n : M a r i t a l Law • Impeaching Johnson • Jim Crow
The Nadir
• Nadir: the lowest point. • How could freedom be worse t h a n s l a v e r y ? • The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) • Laws and P r a c t i c e s a g a i n s t Blacks
• Highly Rural (Farmland) • Lower Population • “Home f i e l d advantage” • B e l i e v e d i n the War • Better Generals • B e l i e v e d God was on
• The C i v i l War ended with General Lee s u r r e n d e r i n g a t Appomattox C o u r t h o u s e , VA
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第10章 美国人口)【圣才出品】
第10章美国人口10.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.The American PopulationⅡ.ImmigrationⅢ.Population MovementⅣ.Racial and Ethnic Minorities1.White Americans2.African Americans3.Hispanicsn Americans5.Indians【重难点归纳】Ⅰ.Introduction1.As of August13,2014,the United States has a total resident population of 318,554,000,making it the third-most populous country in the world.2.It is very urbanized,with81%residing in cities and suburbs as of2014(the worldwide urban rate is54%).3.The total fertility rate in the United States for2013was1.87children per woman, which was lower than that of France,Australia and the United Kingdom.4.Whites constitute the majority of the US population.5.The American population almost quadrupled during the20th century,and immigrants and their US-born descendants are expected to provide most of the US population gains in the decades ahead.Ⅰ.简介1.截至2014年8月13日，美国常住人口318,554,000人，居世界第三位。
英美概况美国第十讲
Degree - one to two years of post-graduate specialized programs including business, journalism, sciences, humanities, mathematics Professional Degree - post-graduate doctoral degree obtained through a highly specialized course of study such as law (J.D.), medicine (M.D.), psychology (Ph.D.), business administration (M.B.A.), and engineering (M.Eng.)
4. The Civil Rights Movement
One of the most import 1960s U.S. history. Rosa Park’s (罗莎· 帕克斯) spontaneous action (自发行为) in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off (触发，激起) the nationwide civil rights movement.
2. Background
1. Why did Black Americans risk their lives breaking the law and defying the Ku Klux Klan? 2. Why did young people disobey their parents, school administrators, and civil and military authorities? 3. What brought women out of their homes into public demonstrations for Civil Rights, against the War in Vietnam and for their own liberation from male dominance?
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Also, the social services in the U.S compare unfavorably with those in most industrialized societies.
4. Crime
Former President Nixon said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”. In 1970s, he was involved in the Watergate scandal, for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.
Americans are primarily a nation of immigrants, who or whose ancestors came from many parts of the globe.
---1. some as refugees from religious and political persecution (逃避宗教和政治迫害的难民)
Furthermore, the affluent majority seems indifferent to the problems of the poor. This raises some serious moral problems and inevitably creates fierce conflicts of interest and many political controversies.
1.2 Discrimination Against Blacks
Discrimination against blacks: In American society, any group other than the dominant white Anglo-Saxon Protestant majority is a minority group. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the blacks who make up about 11.7% of the population. The myth of their racial inferiority was propagated as a justification for their continued subjugation. (所谓黑人种族低 劣的神话被广泛传播，并以此 作为永远奴役黑人的借口)
1.3 A short history of African American
The Northern states had all outlawed (废除) slavery by 1830, but in the Southern states, it was ended by the Civil War Lincoln’s emancipation of slaves in 1863 (1863年林肯颁布的《解放黑奴宣 言》) and the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865 （1865年 美国通过的第13条宪法修正案）
Content
1. Racial Problems 2. Poverty as a social problem 3. Drug Abuse (滥用毒品) 4. Crime 5. the abuse of power 滥用职权
1. Racial Problems
1.1 a nation of immigrants
2. Poverty as a social problem
The U.S is one of the most wealthy countries in the world. Yet over 24 million people or about 10% of the population are living at or below the official poverty line, on incomes that the federal government considers insufficient to meet basic requirement of food, clothing, and shelter.
(2) Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”. (3) Blacks felt more and more proud of
themselves
the Black “Underclass
The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains(收获) of progress made recently. The urban ghettosnow contain a permanently impoverished (贫穷 的)“underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50% or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This “underclass” could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist— that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this gtential for the future.
Chapter 10 Social Problems in the
United States
Revision
2. Background 3. Definition of it 4. The Civil Rights Movement 5. The Youth Movement 6. Women’s Liberation Movement
3. Drug Abuse (滥用毒品)
Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of Americans because drug abuse is perceived as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs.
Sixteenth President 1861-1865
After 1960s, many American blacks began to have a new mood
(1) Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.
Though people all share a common American culture, the nation contains many racial and ethnic subcultures with their own distinctive characteristics. (虽然人们有共同的美国文化，但 美利坚民族包含了许多种族和少 数民族的亚文化群)。These differences have contributed to racial conflicts that have been a persistent social problem to American society.（这些差异造 成了在美国社会长期存在的种族 冲突）
---2. some as adventurers from the Old World seeking a better life(从旧大陆来寻求好生活的冒险 家)
---3. some as captives brought to American against their own will to be sold into slavery （有一些则是 被抓获后违背他们的意愿运到美国， 被出卖为奴隶）
Drug is closely related with
a. crime, b. automobile
accidents c. serious effects on
individuals physically and mentally d. the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.