英语选修八大小课文翻译
高中英语选修八课文及翻译
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are moreNative Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译人教版
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译人教版(总38页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土着人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土着人就住在加利福尼亚了。
高中英语人教版选修8翻译课文翻译
英语选修8 翻译Unit1 一个多元文化的国家加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。
今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
西班牙人在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地。
两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。
1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。
但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。
这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
俄罗斯人19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。
淘金矿工1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。
发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。
距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。
英语选修八小课文及翻译第四单元
Unit4 Act Two, Scene 1 MAKINGTHE BET 第二幕第一场打赌It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickeri ng are sitting deep in convers ation.第二天上午11点，在亨利·希金斯家。
亨利同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。
H: Do you want to hear any more sounds?希：你还想不想听听更多的发音呢？CP: No, thank you. I ratherfancied myselfbecause I can pronoun ce twenty-four distinc t vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirtybeat me. I can't disting uish most of them.皮：不听了，谢谢。
我本来还很自负的，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来。
而你发出了130个元音，其中多数我都分辨不清。
你赢我了。
H: (laughin g) Well, that comes with practic e. 希：（笑起来）这都是练习的结果。
There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP), the houseke eper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.敲门声起，皮尔斯夫人（管）带着甜点、茶壶、奶酒和两个杯子进来。
MP: (hesitat ing) A young girl is askingto see you.管：（犹豫地）一个年轻姑娘求见你。
最新人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译(人教版)
1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加州是美国第三大洲,而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousandyears ago. 然而，可能至少在一 15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a landbridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译(人教版)
1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译(人教版)
1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加州是美国第三大洲 , 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NA TIVE AMERCANS 美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one reallyknows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
英语选修八小课文及翻译第一单元
Unit 1 GEORGE’S DIARY乔治的日记12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, June 6月12日星期一Arrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.清晨乘公共汽车抵达，直赴饭店，放下行李，洗澡、刮脸，即去观光。
Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. 先是乘缆车，在山顶揽胜，观看旧金山湾及整个城市。
Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉的轨道车更好的交通方式。
Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.他曾经看到过一次可怕的交通事故：一辆马车刹车失灵，驾车失控，车子和马一起从山上滑了下去，很明显这让他受到了极大的震惊。
选修8课文翻译__全析
选修8Unit 1 大课文多样性的土地加州加州是美国第三大洲,但是人口最多。
它也有不同的是最多元文化国家在美国,有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
的习俗和语言的移民活在新居。
这个文化多样性并不令人惊讶当你知道他的历史加州。
本土美国人什么时候到的第一批人我们现在知道的加利福尼亚,没有人真的知道。
然而,很可能在加利福尼亚居住美国印地安人是至少一万五千年前。
科学家们认为这些定居者穿过白令海峡在北极到美国的一种方法中存在的陆地桥在史前时期。
在16世纪,欧洲人到来之后,当地人中蒙受了重大损失。
数千人的死亡或被迫成为奴隶。
另外,许多人死于这种疾病所带来的欧洲人。
然而,从一些这些可怕的时代,今天还有更多的美国人住在加州比任何其他国家。
西班牙在18世纪,加州被西班牙。
名西班牙士兵初到南美洲,在16世纪早期当他们攻打当地人,把他们的土地。
两个世纪以后,西班牙人定居在大部分南美和沿西北海岸的我们现在所称的美国。
第一个西班牙去加州,大多数都是虔诚的教徒。
他们的部门是要教导天主教给当地人。
1821年,墨西哥取得了他们的从西班牙独立。
加州的一部分则成了墨西哥。
1846年美国宣战墨西哥和战争结束后获美国、墨西哥不得不给加州到美国。
然而,仍有强烈的西班牙影响国家。
这就是为什么今天超过40的加州人说西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
俄罗斯人在19世纪初,俄罗斯的猎人,这些原本,开始去阿拉斯加定居在加州。
在那里的今天是大约万美籍俄裔住在旧金山市区和郊区。
黄金生产商1848年1月24日,美墨战争后不久,有人在加州发现了黄金。
快速致富的梦想吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
最近的,因此第一个到达,是来自美国人民和来自美国。
然后从欧洲和亚洲的冒险者随之而来。
事实上,一些达到了他们的梦想成为富足。
一些死亡或回到家,但是大多数住在加利福尼亚使自己的生活不顾大的困难。
他们就住在新城镇或在农场工作。
在加州成为31日当选美国的联邦州在1850年,已经是一个多元文化的社会。
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文
人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文Unit1Aland of diversity第一单元一个多元文化的国土ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NA TIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite greathardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIV ALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.MOST RECENT ARRIV ALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州, 而且是人口最多的州。
高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译人教版)
1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。
它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
人教版高中英语选修8课文与翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed theBering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed inprehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, thenative people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. Inaddition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, somesurvived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrivedin South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts ofSouth America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whoseministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people ofMexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanishinfluence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish asa first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, begansettling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living inand around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. Thenearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people fromthe United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact,few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but mostremained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. Theysettled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multiculturalsociety.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts ofCalifornia, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrivedin California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark establisheda town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920sthe film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the secondlargest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been livingin California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle,still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEGEORGEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top ofthe hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873,the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a betterform of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermenfirst came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now i t's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doinganything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent allday driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a reallygood idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled inthis area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like oldbuildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum c ontaining documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal andthen walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On theway had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island wasa famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to livein USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not evenhave light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemedto be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on thewalls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 thecivil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were ableto grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made m e v ery thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exactcopy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identicalin sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to producecommercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Manyattempts to clone mammals f ailed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the firstsuccessful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came t he disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years,half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fateaffected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned allscientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Wouldit happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their researchprocedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a greatimpact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenlyopened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research aredifficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselvesto attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some b egan to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human c loning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloningcould provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harmus and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
(完整版)人教版高中英语选修8课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
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单位1 A 不同的土地－阅读加州加州是在美国的第三大的州但是有最大的人口。
它也有区别─身为美国中最多元文化的州，从全世界已经吸引人们。
移民的关税和语言倚赖生活在他们新的在家。
当你知道加州的历史时，文化的这不同不令人惊讶。
本国的AMERCANS完全地当第一的个人在我们现在知道当做加州的到达，没有人真的知道。
然而，是有可能的是，美国原住民一万五千年前至少住在加州。
科学家相信这些移民者藉由一个在史前的时代存在了的陆桥越过了在北极圈中的白令海峡到美国。
在16 世纪内，在欧洲人的抵达，本国的人遭受很大之后。
数千进入奴隶的身份之内被杀或强迫。
此外，多数从被欧洲人带来的疾病死了。
然而，一些遭受这些可怕的时代后幸存，而且今天有较多的美国原住民住在加州超过在任何其他的州。
西班牙人在18 世纪内，加州被西班牙统治了。
西班牙军人在16 世纪初期内首先抵达南美洲了，当他们对抗了本国的人而且拿他们的土地。
两世纪之后，西班牙人在南美洲的大多数地区安顿和向前我们现在呼叫美国的西北海岸。
第一个西班牙人去加州，多数是宗教性的男人，部将向本地人教天主教徒宗教。
在1821 年，墨西哥人们得到了他们自西班牙独立。
加州然后变成了墨西哥的一部份。
在1846 美国宣布墨西哥战争，在被美国嬴得的战争之后，墨西哥必须把加州给美国。
然而，仍然有州的强烈的西班牙影响力。
那是今天超过加州人中的40 为什么说西班牙语为第一或第二种语言。
俄国人在1800 年代早期，俄国猎人，本来去安拉斯加州，开始了在加州定居。
今天旧金山周围地区有大约25000 俄国人－美国人住。
淘金者在1848 年，不在美国人－墨西哥的战争之后长久地，黄金在加州被发现。
很快地变成富有的梦从全世界吸引了人们。
最近的，因此第一者到达，是南美洲的和来自美国的人们。
然后来自欧洲的冒险家和亚洲很快跟随。
事实上，很少的达成了他们变成富有的梦。
一些死或者被送回的在家，但是最保持了在加州为自己作生活尽管棒的艰难。
他们在新城镇或在农场上安顿。
被被选举成为三十个的时间加州－美国的第一联邦州在1850 年，它已经是一个多元文化的社会。
稍后RRIVALS虽然中国移民开始在淘金潮期间到达，但是，它是建筑物从西部到在1860 年代带更大的数字到加州的东海岸的铁路网。
今天，美籍华裔住在加州的所有地区，虽然大的百分比已经选择留在洛杉矶和旧金山的" 唐人街" 。
其他移民，像是意大利人，主要地渔夫但是也酒制造者，在19 世纪末期内抵达加州了。
在1911 年，来自丹麦的移民建立了仍然持续他们的丹麦文化的一个他们自己的城镇。
1920 年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞很好地被建立。
工业繁荣吸引了欧洲人包括许多犹太人的人。
今天加州有在美国第二大的犹太人的人口。
日本农民开始从最初的地方20 世纪抵达加州，而且1980 年代以来更多在那里安顿。
来自非洲的人们1800 年代以来就一直住在加州，当他们从墨西哥向北移动。
然而，更多到达在1942 和1945之间在船和飞机业中工作。
大多数最近的抵达在比较最近的十年内，加州已经变得来自亚洲的较多的人的家，包括韩国人、高棉人、越南人和老挝的。
在1970 年代的它的开始以来，计算机业已经吸引印第安人和加州方面的巴基斯坦人。
未来来自世界，被气候和生活方式吸引，的不同地方的人们仍然移居入境到加州。
据信，不久，国籍的混合将会棒，因而将会没有清楚的主要种族或文化的小组，但是只是一个许多比赛和文化的混合。
乔治的日记第12－六月14 日星期一第12，六月今天早晨坐公共汽车到达得早。
直接到酒店降低我的行李、阵雨和修面。
然后去探究。
首先事物是一个缆车上的一次乘坐。
从小山的顶端得到了旧金山海湾的公开展示视野和城市。
在1873 年建造，缆车系统被安德鲁Hallidie 发明了，他[她] 想要超过马匹拉动的电车找更好形式的运输系统。
显然地当他看见可怕的意外事件时，他感到吃惊在哪一个电车失败的刹车，领导者无法控制情形和电车滑倒向下以它拖拉马的小山。
在渔夫吃了一份迟午餐什么。
这是意大利渔夫在19 世纪末期内首先来了旧金山而且开始了钓鱼的工业的区域。
现在它是有许多商店的一个游客的区域，海洋食物餐馆和面包店。
它也是地方抓渡轮至天使岛和海湾的其他地方。
做了这么多在渔夫探究什么。
被用尽而且不想要做其他事物。
早的床今晚！星期二第13，六月与来自我的酒店（彼得和Terri）的一对夫妇协力了而且雇用了一辆汽车。
整天花费了在城市周围的驾驶。
为旅游者有迷人的驾驶被作记号出。
它在他们上和海鸥有蓝色、白色的告示表示方式，去。
它是一个把所有的出名旅游者地点列入行程的79 公里来回旅行。
被停止的许多次赞美不同的角度的城市的视野而且照相片。
现在有非常好概念什么城市像。
在晚上，和彼得和Terri 一起去唐人街。
中国移民在1850 年代在这一个区域安顿。
建筑物的前面被装饰看起来像中国南部的旧建筑物一样。
在这里看见一些有趣的寺庙，一些市场和很多餐馆。
也画廊和博物馆包含文件、相片和关于所有的物体中国移民的历史，但是它在晚上被关闭。
意志在白天回去。
有可口一餐然后走向下小山到我们的酒店。
星期三第14，六月在早晨，将渡轮带到了来自旧金山海湾的港口的天使岛。
在途中有了金门桥的好视野。
从1882 到1940位天使岛是一个出名移民站哪里正确地被申请住在美国的许多中国人。
在车站的细胞是非常小、寒冷和潮湿的；一些甚至没有光但是移民别的有无处去。
他们的悲惨停留似乎是他们的处罚，而非正义和自由。
他们在关于他们的寂寞的墙壁上写了诗而且在中国哀悼了他们的前生活。
在1940 年市民的主管当局改革过的系统以便更多中国人能够抓住在美国定居的机会。
今天我的生活的我非常深思、感谢。
选修8个单位2 复制－阅读复制：资讯在哪里领导的美国？复制一直与我们而且在这里停留。
它是方法─订定另外的一只动物或植物的精确副本。
当园丁把切断带离成长的植物制造新的时，它在植物发生。
它也在动物中发生当生双胞胎同一的在性别和外表中从相同的最初蛋被生产。
事实是这些都是天然复制的例子。
复制有两种主要的使用。
第一，园丁使用它全部生产植物的商业量的时候。
第二，它对在新植物种方面的研究有价值和为在动物上，医生研究。
当复制动物非常复杂时，复制厂是笔直的。
一件困难任务是从事。
复制哺乳动物的许多尝试失败。
但是最后科学家的决心和耐性在1996 年以一次突破还清了－洋娃娃的复制羊。
程序像这样工作：在一方面，整个的科学世界跟随了第一个成功的复制的进步，洋娃娃羊。
事实「她似乎发展」通常正在非常鼓励了。
然后传出洋娃娃严重地有害变得的烦扰的新闻。
复制科学家是阵容向下找洋娃娃疾病对一只非常年长的动物更适当。
完全洋娃娃住了六和半数年，一半的最初羊的生活的长度。
可惜这相同的任意命运影响了其他种，如此的当做复制的老鼠。
与疑问有关的所有科学家是：”这会是所有复制的动物的一种主要的困难吗？它会永远地发生吗？如果订正在他们的研究程序被做，它会被解决吗？”另一方面，洋娃娃的外表提出了一阵异议的暴风雨而且对媒体和公众的想像产生棒的冲击。
它变成争论。
它突然打开每个人对使用复制的可能性的眼睛治疗重病和甚至生产人类。
虽然目前人类的蛋细胞和对复制的胚胎需要研究难以获得，但是报纸希望复制他们自己达到他们的野心的邪恶领袖写。
宗教性的领袖也提出了道德疑问。
政府变成紧张、更保守。
一些开始改革他们的司法制度而且禁止研究进入了像中国和英国的复制人，但是其他国家，继续累积复制会提供的丰富医疗的帮助的证据。
然而，科学家仍然想知道复制是否将会帮助或者伤害我们和它正在带领我们的地方。
恐龙的回返？复制凶猛、熄灭野兽的可能性一直刺激的电影制造者。
而且他们不是唯一的一个！电影的名声，像是一位科学家复制一些类型熄灭的恐龙的侏罗纪的公园，证明主意如何打恐惧和刺激的混合进入了人们的心。
但是事实上我们从能够是一个长方法复制熄灭的动物。
科学家仍然正在以复制哺乳动物作实验。
这是因为哺乳动物的复制仍然是一个新科学，而且当这一本目录表示时，它的故事在1950 年代只严重地开始：1950 年代青蛙的复制哺乳动物的一的分之1996 复制：洋娃娃羊1970 年代研究使用老鼠的胚胎2000只母牛生下了一个野牛在羊的胚胎上的1979个工作和老鼠2001中国第一的复制了双胞胎的小牛一的分之1981 老鼠的实验复制2002 首先复制了猫一的分之1983 母牛的实验复制2005 首先复制了狗…时常，人们建议像恐龙的熄灭动物，能经过复制可能地被使生活回复到。
不幸地，藉由我们现在知道的，这或是不可能的或不适合的。
有许多理由。
◎开始的需求是你需要完美的DNA （提供数据为如何细胞将生长）.◎复制的所有努力,如果没有在小组中的充足不同要克服疾病，一只动物将会是徒然。
在一个小组的不同意谓和以不同的方式被安排的他们的基因有动物。
利益是如果有一只新疾病一些动物可能死，但是其他者将会幸存而且传递能力抵抗对下代的那一种疾病。
棒的不利点对复制一群动物是他们全部会有基因的相同安排，而且相同的疾病的一钢模也可能。
然后他们没有一个会留给继续种。
◎如果他们将住在一个动物园，复制任何熄灭的动物会是不公平的。
一个适当的栖息地会是过一个天寿的对他们的需要。
在我们现在知道的之上建立，你不能够复制动物哪一是熄灭的比10,000 年长。
实际上，恐龙65,000,000 年前消失了。
因此恐龙的机会曾经回到地球只是一个梦。
选修8个单位3 发明家和发明－阅读伯劳鸟的问题当我在电话上的乡下地方的我的母亲上面呼叫她非常心烦的时候。
" 我们的庭院中有一些蛇" ，她告诉我。
”离胡桃树不很远，蛇偶尔来在房子附近，而且他们似乎在这里做他们的家。
你能免除他们请吗？”我觉得非常骄傲。
这里是一个机会为。
我藉由发明事扬名仁慈的那会抓蛇但是不伤害他们。
我知道我的父母不喜欢我伤害这些活的人！我做的第一件事物是看看是否有任何可能帮助我，但是在那里只似乎是被设计杀蛇的粉的产品。
新方法清楚地被需要。
我着手从事研究蛇的习惯找最容易的方法困住他们。
幸运地这些爬虫动物很小，而且那让解决变成更容易。
以一些研究调查结果准备，我在三可能的方法上决定：第一，除去他们的栖息地；第二，使用男性或女性的香水或食物吸引他们进入一个圈套；而且第三冷却他们以便他们会变成困乏而且可能是容易地捕捉。
我决定使用最后的。
我买了一个利用不锈钢做成了的雪糕制造者。
在外面和那里的碗的内部墙壁之间是冻结的一些果冻何时冷却。
我把碗放入电冰箱而且等候24 小时。
同时，我准备一些冰块。
我以前早起床的隔天早晨太阳很热。
我放置了碗的在蛇的栖息地上的冷冻碗和在顶端冰块使它保持凉爽。
最后我以一个大的桶子复盖整个的事物。
然后我等候。
在两小时之后，我移走了桶子和碗。