纳米材料专业英语
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineeringarc welding 电弧焊calcinations 煅烧casting 熔铸ceramic 陶瓷chemical properties 化学性能cold brittleness 低温脆性colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶congruent compound 合熔化合物constant-deformation tests 定变形试验Creep Strength 潜变强度crystal pattern 晶体结构data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤die casting 拉模铸造drawing & stamping 延轧Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学Edge Finish 边缘处理Engineering Materials 工程材料nano-material 纳米材料ceramic 陶瓷polymer 集合物composite material 复合材料biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构periodic table 周期表Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备Fatigue Test 疲劳测试Features of Metal 金属的特性Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属forging 锻造foundry 铸造High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试Intermetallic compound 金属间化物Ionic Solids 离子晶体Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护Metal Material Science 金属材料学Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理milling 铣削Molecular Solids 分子晶体mould 铸模（美：mold）Phase Rule 相律Principles & Technology for Heating Processing 热处理原理及工艺Principles of Metal Erosion 金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metallography 金属学原理quartz glass 石英玻璃recrystallization 再结晶refractory china 高温陶瓷rolling 挤压seam welding 滚焊silica, SiO2 硅石,二氧化硅solid solution 固熔体spot welding 点焊stamping, pressing 冲压standard single mode fiber; G.625 fiber 标准单模光纤Surface Finish 表面处理temper brittleness 回火脆性Thermal Equilibrium 合金平衡状态transformation Point 变态点transmission fiber 传输光纤coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数stress and strain 应力和应变elastic strain 弹性应变elastic modulus 弹性模量plastic strain 塑性应变yield strength 屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 最大抗拉强度附: 常见的化学元素英汉对照oxygen 氧hydrogen 氢carbon 碳nitrogen 氮fluorine 氟sodium 钠magnesium 镁aluminium 铝silicon 硅phosphorus 磷sulphur 硫chlorine 氯potassium 钾calcium 钙iron 铁zinc 锌silver 银gold 金mercury 汞lead 铅uranium 铀tin 锡iodine 碘barium 钡tungsten 钨platinum 铂nickel 镍copper 铜chromium 铬manganese 锰titaniu 钛Expanded 200 wordsactivator 活化剂active solder 活性焊剂air vent 排气道alloy steel 合金钢angle iron 角钢annealing 退火Antiferromagnetism 反铁磁体Atom Bonding 原子键结Austenite 奥氏体Austenite Carbon Steel 奥氏体碳钢billet 坯锭，钢坯bloom 带状薄板carbon and graphite material 碳和石墨材料carbon ceramic refractory 碳陶耐火物carbon electrode 碳电极carbon equivalent 碳当量carbon fiber 碳纤维carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cast steel 坩埚钢，铸钢casting 出铁cavity 型控母模cementation 粘固cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁Chrome Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Coarse pearlite 粗珠光体coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of scatter 散射系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of viscosity 黏度系数coke 焦炭Compound Material Mechanics 复合材料力学compression molding 压缩成型conduction cloth 导电布conductive polystyrene 导电聚苯乙烯condutive polythyne 导电聚乙烯condutive polypropylene 导电聚丙烯Continuous casting process 连续铸造法core 模心公模corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板crash forming 碰撞成形critical temperature 临界温度crude steel 粗钢cryolite 冰晶石Crystal Recovery 回复柔软decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳Degree of freedom 自由度Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 不锈钢片材常用代号Destructive Inspection 破坏的检验Diamagnetism 抗磁体dielectric ceramic materials 介质陶瓷材料diglycidyl 4,5-epoxy-tetrahydrophthalic ester 环氧树脂Distortion 畸变drawing 拉拔Drawing abillity 材料的加工性能elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点electric steel 电工钢，电炉钢Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet 电镀锌(电解)钢片electrolysis 电解elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢Elongation 伸长度Elongation test 拉伸测试(顺纹测试) epoxy molding compound 环氧膜塑料Eutectoid Transformation 共释变态Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel 铁锰铝不锈钢Ferrimagnetism 亚铁磁体ferrite 铁氧体，铁醇盐Ferrite Stainless Steel 含铁体不锈钢Ferromagnetism 铁磁体ferronickel 镍铁fine pearlite 幼珠光体flash mold 溢流式模具forming 成型Free Cutting Stainless Steel 易车(快削)不锈钢fritting, sintering 烧结Fusible Alloy 易溶合金fusion, melting, smelting 熔炼(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向hard steel 硬钢hardenability 硬化性能hardening淬水Hardness & Tensile strength test 硬化及拉力测试heat conductivity 导热度high-speed steel 高速钢Hyper-ectectic Alloy 过共晶体Hyper-eutectoid 过共释钢Hypo-Eutectoid 亚铁释体Hypoeutetic Alloy 亚共晶体intermetallic compound 金属间化物Interstitial solid solution 插入型固熔体iron ingot 铁锭Killed steel 全静钢Lattice constant 格子常数Leaded Free Cutting Steel 含铅易车钢liquid crystals for display 液晶显示材料Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel 低碳马氏体不锈钢magnetic fluid 磁性液体Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉探伤法Magnetic Permeability 透磁度Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) 磁化率Martensite Stainless Steel 马氏体不锈钢Medium pearlite 中珠光体metal space lattice 金属结晶格子metal strip, metal band 初轧方坯microscopic inspection 显微观察法mild steel, soft steel 软钢，低碳钢Mill's Index 米勒指数moulded steel 铸钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel 镍铬系不锈钢nickel-copper alloy 镍铜合金nitriding 渗氮No Excessive Oxidation 提防过份氧化Non – destructive inspections 不破坏检验Non-Metal Materials 非金属材料Paramagnetism 顺磁体patternmaking 制模Pearlite &Eutectoid 珠光体及共释钢Penetrate inspection 渗透探伤法Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Temperature 包晶温度phosphor for monochromatic display tube 荧光粉pig iron 生铁plastic fiber 塑料光纤Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel 释出硬化不锈钢preheating 预热Primary Creep 第壹潜变期Pro-entectoid ferrite 初释纯铁体profiled bar 铁带，钢带puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化，雾化quenching 淬火Quenching Media 淬火剂Radiographic inspection 放射线探伤法reduction 还原Reduction of area 断面缩率refining 精炼Refractory Fiber Modules 耐火纤维组件refractory steel 热强钢，耐热钢Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure 钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete Structure 钢砼结构remelting 再熔化，重熔Resistance Welding 电阻焊Rimmed steel 沸腾钢(未净钢) round iron 圆铁runner system 浇道系统scrap iron 废铁Secondary Creep 第二潜变期semiconductor super lattic materials 半导体超晶格材料Semi-killed steel 半静钢shape iron 型钢shape memory alloy; memory alloy 形状记忆合金siliver-copper braging alloy 银铜焊料Single Phase Metal 单相金属Size Tolerance 公差slagging, scorification 造渣Slip Plan 滑动面Soldering and Brazing Alloy 焊接合金solders of low melting point alloys 低温合金钎料Specific gravity & specific density 比重Specific Heat 比热Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻split mold 分割式模具stainless steel 不锈钢steatite ceramics 滑石陶瓷Steel Phases 铁相stoneware 粗瓷Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature 应力退火温度Submerged-arc Welding 埋弧焊Substitutional type solid solution 置换型固熔体Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 含硫易车钢Surface Insulation 绝缘表面synthetic quartz crystal 人造石英晶体tapping 出渣，出钢，出铁tempering 回火Tertiary Creep 第三潜变期TERTM(Thermal-Expansion Resin Transfer Molding) 热膨胀树脂传递模塑Thermoplastic plastics 热塑性塑料thermoset resin 热固性树脂Thickening agent 增粘剂tinplate, tin 马口铁to insufflate, to inject 注入trimming 清理焊缝ultrafine platinum powder 超细箔粉Ultrasonic inspection 超声波探伤法Unit cell 单位晶格Vinyl chloride resin 聚氯乙烯树脂water flux 水溶性焊剂water soluble soldering flux; water cleaning soldering flux 水溶性助焊剂welding line 熔合痕white fused alumina powder 白刚玉微粉wire 线材wiredrawing 拉丝Work Hardening 硬化wrought iron 熟铁X – ray crystal analyics method X线结晶分析法Yield strength 屈服强度(降伏强度)。
材料专业英语.ppt
Nano-Crystalline Nickel 纳米镍晶
Nickel may one day compete with other materials in lightweight applications such as aerospace components，sporting goods and armour systems for defense．
armour is seven times stronger than that currently worn by soldiers and police．This
increase in strength is accompanied by a decrease in wei 甲钢板比美国军用车辆所需的规格强硬 2.5倍，而它的护身防弹衣比目前士兵和 警察穿的强七倍。这种强度的增加伴随 着重量的减少。
虽然它第一次在实验室测试是在20世纪 80年代初，但在十年之后技术才创建于商业 应用。
The breakthrough occurred in the 1990s， when Ontario Hydro，a government-owned power
company in Canada，was seeking an in-situ repair technology for the degraded tubes in its nuclear steam generator．Although nickel seemed like the ideal choice，because of its resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in nuclear reactors，its use was limited by poor mechanical strength·
材料专业英语词汇
合金alloy材料material复合材料properties 制备preparation强度strength力学mechanical力学性能mechanical 复合composite薄膜films基体matrix增强reinforced非晶amorphous基复合材料 composites 纤维fiber纳米nanometer金属metal合成synthesis界面interface颗粒particles法制备prepared尺寸size形状shape烧结sintering磁性magnetic断裂fracture聚合物polymer衍射diffraction记忆memory陶瓷ceramic磨损wear表征characterization 拉伸tensile形状记忆memory 摩擦friction碳纤维carbon粉末powder溶胶sol-gel凝胶sol-gel应变strain性能研究properties 晶粒grain粒径size硬度hardness粒子particles涂层coating氧化oxidation疲劳fatigue组织microstructure石墨graphite机械mechanical相变phase冲击impact形貌morphology有机organic损伤damage有限finite粉体powder无机inorganic电化学electrochemical梯度gradient多孔porous树脂resin扫描电镜sem晶化crystallization记忆合金memory玻璃glass退火annealing非晶态amorphous溶胶-凝胶sol-gel蒙脱土montmorillonite 样品samples粒度size耐磨wear韧性toughness介电dielectric颗粒增强reinforced溅射sputtering环氧树脂epoxy纳米tio tio掺杂doped拉伸强度strength阻尼damping微观结构microstructure 合金化alloying制备方法preparation沉积deposition透射电镜tem模量modulus水热hydrothermal磨损性wear凝固solidification贮氢hydrogen磨损性能wear球磨milling分数fraction剪切shear氧化物oxide直径diameter蠕变creep弹性模量modulus储氢hydrogen压电piezoelectric电阻resistivity纤维增强composites纳米复合材料preparation 制备出prepared磁性能magnetic导电conductive晶粒尺寸size弯曲bending光催化tio非晶合金amorphous铝基复合材料composites 金刚石diamond沉淀precipitation分散dispersion电阻率resistivity显微组织microstructure sic复合材料sic硬质合金cemented摩擦系数friction吸波absorbing杂化hybrid模板template催化剂catalyst塑性plastic晶体crystalsic颗粒 sic功能材料materials铝合金alloy表面积surface填充filled电导率conductivity控溅射sputtering金属基复合材料composites 磁控溅射sputtering结晶crystallization磁控magnetron均匀uniform弯曲强度strength纳米碳carbon偶联coupling电化学性能 electrochemical及性能propertiesal复合材料 composite高分子polymer本构constitutive晶格lattice编织braided断裂韧性toughness尼龙nylon摩擦磨损性 friction耐磨性wear摩擦学tribological共晶eutectic聚丙烯polypropylene半导体semiconductor偶联剂coupling泡沫foam前驱precursor高温合金superalloy显微结构microstructure氧化铝alumina扫描电子显微镜sem时效aging熔体melt凝胶法sol-gel橡胶rubber微结构microstructure铸造casting铝基aluminum抗拉强度strength导热thermal透射电子显微镜tem插层intercalation冲击强度impact超导superconducting记忆效应memory固化curing晶须whisker溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel催化catalytic导电性conductivity环氧epoxy晶界grain前驱体precursor机械性能mechanical抗弯strength粘度viscosity热力学thermodynamic溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel 块体bulk抗弯强度strength粘土clay微观组织microstructure 孔径pore玻璃纤维glass压缩compression摩擦磨损wear马氏体martensitic制得prepared复合材料性能composites 气氛atmosphere制备工艺preparation平均粒径size衬底substrate相组成phase表面处理surface杂化材料hybrid材料中materials断口fracture增强复合材料composites 马氏体相变 transformation 球形spherical混杂hybrid聚氨酯polyurethane纳米材料nanometer位错dislocation纳米粒子particles表面形貌surface试样samples电学properties有序ordered电压voltage析出phase拉伸性tensile大块bulk立方cubic聚苯胺polyaniline抗氧化性oxidation增韧toughening物相phase表面改性modification拉伸性能tensile相结构phase优异excellent介电常数dielectric铁电ferroelectric复合材料力学性能composites 碳化硅sic共混blends炭纤维carbon复合材料层 composite挤压extrusion表面活性剂 surfactant阵列arrays高分子材料 polymer应变率strain短纤维fiber摩擦学性能 tribological浸渗infiltration阻尼性能damping室温下room复合材料层合板composite 剪切强度strength流变rheological磨损率wear化学气相沉积deposition热膨胀thermal屏蔽shielding发光luminescence功能梯度functionally层合板laminates器件devices铁氧体ferrite刚度stiffness介电性能dielectricxrd分析xrd锐钛矿anatase炭黑carbon热应力thermal材料性能properties溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel单向unidirectional衍射仪xrd吸氢hydrogen水泥cement退火温度annealing粉末冶金powder溶胶凝胶sol-gel熔融melt钛酸titanate磁合金magnetic脆性brittle金属间化合物intermetallic 非晶态合金 amorphous超细ultrafine羟基磷灰石 hydroxyapatite 各向异性anisotropy镀层coating颗粒尺寸size拉曼raman新材料materialstic颗粒 tic孔隙率porosity制备技术preparation屈服强度strength金红石rutile采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel电容量capacity热电thermoelectric抗菌antibacterial聚酰亚胺polyimide二氧化硅silica放电容量capacity层板laminates微球microspheres熔点melting屈曲buckling包覆coated致密化densification磁化强度magnetization疲劳寿命fatigue本构关系constitutive组织结构microstructure综合性能properties热塑性thermoplastic形核nucleation复合粒子composite材料制备preparation晶化过程crystallization层间interlaminar陶瓷基ceramic多晶polycrystalline纳米结构nanostructures纳米复合composite热导率conductivity空心hollow致密度densityx射线衍射仪xrd层状layered矫顽力coercivity纳米粉体powder界面结合interface超导体superconductor衍射分析diffraction纳米粉powders磨损机理wear泡沫铝aluminum进行表征characterized梯度功能gradient耐磨性能wear平均粒particle聚苯乙烯polystyrene陶瓷基复合材料composites 陶瓷材料ceramics石墨化graphitization摩擦材料friction熔化melting多层multilayer及其性能properties酚醛树脂resin电沉积electrodeposition分散剂dispersant相图phase复合材料界面interface壳聚糖chitosan抗氧化性能 oxidation钙钛矿perovskite分层delamination热循环thermal氢量hydrogen蒙脱石montmorillonite接枝grafting导率conductivity放氢hydrogen微粒particles伸长率elongation延伸率elongation烧结工艺sintering层合laminated纳米级nanometer莫来石mullite磁导率permeability填料filler热电材料thermoelectric射线衍射ray铸造法casting粒度分布size原子力afm共沉淀coprecipitation水解hydrolysis抗热thermal高能球ball干摩擦friction聚合物基polymer疲劳裂纹fatigue分散性dispersion硅烷silane弛豫relaxation物理性能properties晶相phase饱和磁化强度magnetization 凝固过程solidification共聚物copolymer光致发光photoluminescence薄膜材料films导热系数conductivity居里curie第二相phase复合材料制备composites 多孔材料porous水热法hydrothermal原子力显微镜afm压电复合材料piezoelectric 尼龙nylon高能球磨milling显微硬度microhardness 基片substrate纳米技术nanotechnology 直径为diameter织构texture氮化nitride热性能properties磁致伸缩magnetostriction 成核nucleation老化aging细化grain压电材料piezoelectric纳米晶amorphoussi合金si复合镀层composite缠绕winding抗氧化oxidation表观apparent环氧复合材料epoxy甲基methyl聚乙烯polyethylene复合膜composite表面修饰surface大块非晶amorphous结构材料materials表面能surface材料表面surface疲劳性能fatigue粘弹性viscoelastic基体合金alloy单相phase梯度材料material六方hexagonal四方tetragonal蜂窝honeycomb阳极氧化anodic塑料plastics超塑性superplasticsem观察sem烧蚀ablation复合薄膜films树脂基resin高聚物polymer气相vapor电子能谱xps硅烷偶联coupling团聚particles基底substrate断口形貌fracture抗压强度strength储能storage松弛relaxation拉曼光谱raman孔率porosity沸石zeolite熔炼melting磁体magnetsem分析sem润湿性wettability电磁屏蔽shielding升温heating致密dense沉淀法precipitation差热分析dta成功制备prepared复合体系composites 浸渍impregnation力学行为behavior复合粉体powders沥青pitch磁电阻magnetoresistance 导电性能conductivity 光电子能谱 xps材料力学mechanical 夹层sandwich玻璃化glass衬底上substrates原位复合材料composites 智能材料materials碳化物carbide复相composite氧化锆zirconia基体材料matrix渗透infiltration退火处理annealing磨粒wear氧化行为oxidation细小fine基合金alloy粒径分布size润滑lubrication定向凝固solidification晶格常数lattice晶粒度size颗粒表面surface吸收峰absorption磨损特性wear水热合成hydrothermal 薄膜表面films性质研究properties试件specimen结晶度crystallinity聚四氟乙烯 ptfe硅烷偶联剂 silane碳化carbide试验机tester结合强度bonding薄膜结构films晶型crystal介电损耗dielectric复合涂层coating压电陶瓷piezoelectric磨损量wear组织与性能 microstructure 合成法synthesis烧结过程sintering金属材料materials引发剂initiator有机蒙脱土 montmorillonite 水热法制hydrothermal 再结晶recrystallization沉积速率deposition非晶相amorphous尖端tip淬火quenching亚稳metastable穆斯mossbauer穆斯堡尔mossbauer偏析segregation种材料materials先驱precursor物性properties石墨化度graphitization中空hollow弥散particles淀粉starch水热法制备 hydrothermal涂料coating复合粉末powder晶粒长大grainsem等sem复合材料组织microstructure 界面结构interface煅烧calcined共混物blends结晶行为crystallization混杂复合材料hybridlaves相 laves摩擦因数friction钛基titanium磁性材料magnetic制备纳米nanometer界面上interface晶粒大小size阻尼材料damping热分析thermal复合材料层板laminates二氧化钛titanium沉积法deposition光催化剂tio余辉afterglow断裂行为fracture颗粒大小size合金组织alloy非晶形成amorphous杨氏模量modulus前驱物precursor过冷alloy尖晶石spinel化学镀electroless溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel 本构方程constitutive磁学magnetic气氛下atmosphere钛合金titanium微粉powder压电性piezoelectricsic晶须 sic应力应变strain石英quartz热电性thermoelectric相转变phase合成方法synthesis热学thermal气孔率porosity永磁magnetic流变性能rheological压痕indentation热压烧结sintering正硅酸乙酯 teos点阵lattice梯度功能材料fgm带材tapes磨粒磨损wear碳含量carbon仿生biomimetic快速凝固solidification 预制preform差示dsc发泡foaming疲劳损伤fatigue尺度size镍基高温合金superalloy 透过率transmittance溅射法制sputtering结构表征characterization 差示扫描dsc通过sem sem水泥基cementtem分析tem量热calorimetry复合物composites铁电薄膜ferroelectric共混体系blends先驱体precursor晶态crystalline冲击性能impact离心centrifugal断裂伸长率 elongation有机-无机organic-inorganic 块状bulk相沉淀precipitation织物fabric因数coefficient合成与表征 synthesis缺口notch靶材target弹性体elastomer金属氧化物 oxide均匀化homogenization吸收光谱absorption磨损行为wear高岭土kaolin功能梯度材料fgm滞后hysteresis气凝胶aerogel记忆性memory磁流体magnetic铁磁ferromagnetic合金成分alloy微米micron蠕变性能creep聚氯乙烯pvc湮没annihilation断裂力学fracture滑移slip差示扫描量热dsc等温结晶crystallization树脂基复合材料composite 阳极anodic退火后annealing发光性properties交联crosslinking过渡金属transition无定形amorphous拉伸试验tensile溅射法sputtering硅橡胶rubber明胶gelatin生物相容性 biocompatibility 界面处interface陶瓷复合材料composite 共沉淀法制 coprecipitation 本构模型constitutive合金材料alloy磁矩magnetic隐身stealth比强度strength改性研究modification采用粉末powder晶粒细化grain抗磨wear元合金alloy剪切变形shear高温超导superconducting 金红石型rutile晶化行为crystallization 催化性能catalytic热挤压extrusion微观microstructuretem观察tem缺口冲击impact生物材料biomaterials涂覆coating纳米氧化nanometerx射线光电子能谱xps硅灰石wollastonite摩擦条件friction衍射峰diffraction块体材料bulk溶质solute冲击韧性impact锐钛矿型anatase凝固组织microstructure 磨损试验机 tester丙烯酸甲酯 pmmaraman光谱raman减振damping聚酯polyester体材料materials航空aerospace光吸收absorption韧化toughening疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue超塑superplastic凝胶法制备 gel半导体材料 semiconductor剪应力shear发光材料luminescence凝胶法制gel甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma 硬质hard摩擦性能friction电致变色electrochromic 超细粉powder增强相reinforced薄带ribbons结构弛豫relaxation光学材料materialssic陶瓷 sic纤维含量fiber高阻尼damping镍基nickel热导thermal奥氏体austenite单轴uniaxial超导电性superconductivity 高温氧化oxidation树脂基体matrix含能energetic粘着adhesion穆斯堡尔谱 mossbauer脱层delamination反射率reflectivity单晶高温合金superalloy粘结bonded快淬quenching熔融插层intercalation外加applied钙钛矿结构 perovskite 减摩friction复合氧化物 oxide苯乙烯styrene合金表面alloy爆轰detonation长余辉afterglow断裂过程fracture 纺织textile。
专业英语翻译练习5：纳米技术
What Is Nanotechnology?The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called "Nanotechnology" is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms.Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter ( 3-4 atoms wide ). Utilizing the well understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules ( how they " stick" together) , nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure. This ability is almost in our grasp. The anticipated payoff for mastering this technology is far beyond any human accomplishment so far. Technical feasibilities include:• S elf-assembling consumer goods•Computers billions of times faster• Extremely novel inventions (impossible today)• Safe and affordable space travel• Medical Nano... virtual end to illness, aging, death• No more pollution and automatic cleanup of already existing pollution• Molecular food syntheses... end of famine and starvation• Access to a superior edu cation for every child on Earth• Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals• Terra forming here and the Solar SystemBy treating atoms as discrete, bit-like objects, molecular manufacturing will bring a digital revolution to the production of material objects. Working at the resolution limit of matter, it will enable the ultimate in miniaturization and performance. By starting with cheap, abundant tcomponents - molecules - and processing them with small, high-frequency, high-productivity machines, it will make products inexpensive. Design computers that each executes moreWhat Is Nanotechnology?The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called "Nanotechnology" is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms.Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter ( 3-4 atoms wide' ). Utilizing the well understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules ( how they "stick" together), nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure. This ability is almost in our grasp. The anticipated payoff for mastering this technology is far beyond any human accomplishment so far. Technical feasibilities include:• Self-assembling consumer goods• Computers billions of times faster• Extremely novel inventions (impossible today)• Safe and affordable space travel• Medical Nano... virtual end to illness, aging, death• No more pollution s and automatic cleanup of already existing pollution• M olecular food syntheses... end of famine and starvation• Access to a superior education for every child on Earth• Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals• Terra forming here and the Solar SystemBy treating atoms as discrete, bit-like objects, molecular manufacturing will bring a digital revolution to the production of material objects. Working at the resolution limit of matter, it will enable the ultimate in miniaturization and performance. By starting with cheap, abundant components --molecules -- and processing them with small, high-frequency, high-productivity machines, it will make products inexpensive. Design computers that each executes more instructions per second than all of the semiconductor CPUs in the world combined. Nanotechnology will reverse the harm done by the industrial revolution. Imagine being able to cure cancer by drinking a medicine stirred into your favorite fruit juice. Imagine a supercomputer no bigger than a human cell. Imagine a four-person, surface-to-orbit spacecraft no larger or more expensive than the family car. These are just a few products expected from nanotechnology.Humanity will be faced with a powerful, accelerated social revolution as a result of nanotechnology. In the near future, a team of scientists will succeed in constructing the first nano-sized' robot capable of self-replication. Within a few short years, and five billion trillion nano-robots later, virtually all present industrial processes will be obsolete as well as our contemporary concept of labor. Consumer goods will become plentiful, inexpensive, smart, and durable. Medicine will take a quantum leap forward. Space travel and colonization will become safe and affordable.For these and other reasons, global life styles will change radically and human behavior will be drastically impacted. The world is on the brink of a new technological revolution beyond any human experience. A new, more powerful industrial revolution capable of bringing wealth, health, and education, without pollution, to every person on the planet. No longer will forest need to be cut or smoke spewed into the air. This is the promise of nanotechnology.A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. That's a thousand, million times smaller than a meter. If you blew up a baseball to the size of the earth, the atoms would become visible, about the size of grapes. Some 3-4 atoms fit lined up inside a nanometer.Nanotechnology is about building things atom by atom, molecule by molecule. The trick is to be able to manipulate atoms individually, and place them where you wish on a structure. Nature uses molecular machines to create life. If you want to see a nanotechnology machine, just look in the mirror. Scientists from several fields including chemistry, biology. physics, and electronics are driving towards the precise manipulation of matter on the atomic scale.How do we get to nanotechnology? Several approaches seem feasible. Ultimately a combination may be the key.悬索桥人们常常愿意修建悬桥以代替其他类型的桥梁，特别是在那些运输量比较小而桥的跨度又大的地方。
材料学专业英语
加工方法Manufacturing Method 拉力强度Tensile Strength 机械性能Mechanical Properites低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 镀镍Nickel Plated 镀黄铜Brass Plated马氏铁体淬火Marquenching 退火Annealing 淬火Quenching高温回火High Temperature Tempering 应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)和非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material表面处理Surface Finish硬度Hardness 电镀方法Plating type 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment 拉伸应变Stretcher Strains焊接Welding 防止生锈Rust Protection硬度和拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test 连续铸造法Continuous casting process珠光体Pearlite 单相金属Single Phase Metal Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic疲劳测试Impact Test热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 比重Specific gravity化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties 再结晶Recrystallization硬化Work Hardening包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy 共晶Eutectic临界温度Critical temperature 自由度Degree of freedom相律Phase Rule金属间化物Intermetallic compound 固熔体Solid solution 置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution米勒指数Mill's Index晶体结构Crystal structure金属与合金Metal and Alloy金属特性Special metallic featuresStrength抗腐蚀和耐用Corrosion & resistance durability强度Strengthen 无机非金属inorganic nonmetallic materials 燃料电池fuel cell新能源new energy resources材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文1 合金alloy2 材料material3 复合材料properties4 制备preparation5 强度strength6 力学mechanical7 力学性能mechanical8 复合composite9 薄膜films10 基体matrix11 增强reinforced12 非晶amorphous13 基复合材料composites14 纤维fiber15 纳米nanometer16 金属metal17 合成synthesis 18 界面interface19 颗粒particles20 法制备prepared21 尺寸size22 形状shape23 烧结sintering24 磁性magnetic25 断裂fracture26 聚合物polymer27 衍射diffraction 28 记忆memory29 陶瓷ceramic30 磨损wear31 表征characterization32 拉伸tensile33 形状记忆memory34 摩擦friction35 碳纤维carbon36 粉末powder37 溶胶sol-gel38 凝胶sol-gel39 应变strain40 性能研究properties41 晶粒grain42 粒径size43 硬度hardness44 粒子particles45 涂层coating46 氧化oxidation47 疲劳fatigue48 组织microstructure49 石墨graphite50 机械mechanical51 相变phase52 冲击impact53 形貌morphology54 有机organic55 损伤damage56 有限finite57 粉体powder58 无机inorganic59 电化学electrochemical60 梯度gradient61 多孔porous62 树脂resin63 扫描电镜sem64 晶化crystallizatio n65 记忆合金memory66 玻璃glass67 退火annealing68 非晶态amorphous 69 溶胶-凝胶sol-gel70 蒙脱土montmorillon ite71 样品samples 72 粒度size73 耐磨wear74 韧性toughness75 介电dielectric76 颗粒增强reinforced77 溅射sputtering78 环氧树脂epoxy79 纳米tio tio80 掺杂doped81 拉伸强度strength82 阻尼damping83 微观结构microstructure84 合金化alloying85 制备方法preparation86 沉积deposition87 透射电镜tem88 模量modulus89 水热hydrothermal90 磨损性wear91 凝固solidification92 贮氢hydrogen93 磨损性能wear94 球磨milling95 分数fraction96 剪切shear97 氧化物oxide98 直径diameter99 蠕变creep100弹性模量modulus留纞銅雀樓12:53:02101储氢hydrogen102压电piezoelectric103电阻resistivity104纤维增强composites 105纳米复合材料preparation 106制备出prepared107磁性能magnetic 108导电conductive 109晶粒尺寸size110弯曲bending111光催化tio 112非晶合金amorphous 113铝基复合材料composites 114金刚石diamond115沉淀precipitation116分散dispersion117电阻率resistivity118显微组织microstructure119sic复合材料sic120硬质合金cemented121摩擦系数friction122吸波absorbing123杂化hybrid124模板template125催化剂catalyst126塑性plastic127晶体crystal128sic颗粒sic129功能材料materials130铝合金alloy131表面积surface132填充filled133电导率conductivity134控溅射sputtering135金属基复合材料composites136磁控溅射sputtering137结晶crystallization138磁控magnetron139均匀uniform140弯曲强度strength141纳米碳carbon142偶联coupling143电化学性能electrochemical144和性能properties 145al复合材料composite 146高分子polymer147本构constitutive 148晶格lattice149编织braided150断裂韧性toughness 151尼龙nylon152摩擦磨损性friction 153耐磨性wear154摩擦学tribological 155共晶eutectic156聚丙烯polypropylene157半导体semiconductor158偶联剂coupling159泡沫foam160前驱precursor161高温合金superalloy162显微结构microstructure163氧化铝alumina164扫描电子显微镜sem165时效aging166熔体melt167凝胶法sol-gel168橡胶rubber169微结构microstructure170铸造casting171铝基aluminum172抗拉强度strength173导热thermal174透射电子显微镜tem175插层intercalation176冲击强度impact177超导superconducting178记忆效应memory179固化curing180晶须whisker181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel182催化catalytic183导电性conductivity184环氧epoxy185晶界grain186前驱体precursor 187机械性能mechanical 188抗弯strength189粘度viscosity190热力学thermodyna mic191溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel 192块体bulk 193抗弯强度strength194粘土clay 195微观组织microstructu re 196孔径pore197玻璃纤维glass198压缩compression199摩擦磨损wear200马氏体martensitic留纞銅雀樓12:53:57201制得prepared202复合材料性能composites203气氛atmosphere204制备工艺preparation205平均粒径size206衬底substrate207相组成phase208表面处理surface209杂化材料hybrid210材料中materials211断口fracture212增强复合材料composites213马氏体相变transformation214球形spherical215混杂hybrid216聚氨酯polyurethane217纳米材料nanometer218位错dislocation219纳米粒子particles220表面形貌surface221试样samples222电学properties223有序ordered224电压voltage225析出phase226拉伸性tensile227大块bulk 228立方cubic229聚苯胺polyaniline 230抗氧化性oxidation 231增韧toughening 232物相phase233表面改性modification 234拉伸性能tensile235相结构phase 236优异excellent237介电常数dielectric238铁电ferroelectric239复合材料力学性能composites240碳化硅sic241共混blends242炭纤维carbon243复合材料层composite244挤压extrusion245表面活性剂surfactant246阵列arrays247高分子材料polymer248应变率strain249短纤维fiber250摩擦学性能tribological251浸渗infiltration252阻尼性能damping253室温下room254复合材料层合板composite255剪切强度strength256流变rheological257磨损率wear258化学气相沉积deposition259热膨胀thermal260屏蔽shielding261发光luminescence262功能梯度functionally263层合板laminates264器件devices265铁氧体ferrite266刚度stiffness 267介电性能dielectric 268xrd分析xrd269锐钛矿anatase270炭黑carbon271热应力thermal272材料性能properties 273溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel 274单向unidirectiona l275衍射仪xrd 276吸氢hydrogen277水泥cement278退火温度annealing279粉末冶金powder280溶胶凝胶sol-gel281熔融melt282钛酸titanate283磁合金magnetic284脆性brittle285金属间化合物intermetallic286非晶态合金amorphous287超细ultrafine288羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289各向异性anisotropy290镀层coating291颗粒尺寸size292拉曼raman293新材料materials294tic颗粒tic295孔隙率porosity296制备技术preparation297屈服强度strength298金红石rutile299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel300电容量capacity301热电thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial303聚酰亚胺polyimide304二氧化硅silica305放电容量capacity306层板laminates 307微球microspheres 308熔点melting309屈曲buckling 310包覆coated311致密化densification 312磁化强度magnetizatio n313疲劳寿命fatigue314本构关系constitutive 315组织结构microstructure316综合性能properties317热塑性thermoplastic318形核nucleation319复合粒子composite320材料制备preparation321晶化过程crystallization322层间interlaminar323陶瓷基ceramic324多晶polycrystalline325纳米结构nanostructures326纳米复合composite327热导率conductivity328空心hollow329致密度density330x射线衍射仪xrd331层状layered332矫顽力coercivity333纳米粉体powder334界面结合interface335超导体superconductor336衍射分析diffraction337纳米粉powders338磨损机理wear339泡沫铝aluminum340进行表征characterized341梯度功能gradient342耐磨性能wear343平均粒particle344聚苯乙烯polystyrene 345陶瓷基复合材料composites 346陶瓷材料ceramics 347石墨化graphitizatio n348摩擦材料friction 349熔化melting 350多层multilayer留纞銅雀樓12:55:33 351和其性能properties 352酚醛树脂resin353电沉积electrodeposition354分散剂dispersant355相图phase356复合材料界面interface357壳聚糖chitosan358抗氧化性能oxidation359钙钛矿perovskite360分层delamination361热循环thermal362氢量hydrogen363蒙脱石montmorillonite364接枝grafting365导率conductivity366放氢hydrogen367微粒particles368伸长率elongation369延伸率elongation370烧结工艺sintering371层合laminated372纳米级nanometer373莫来石mullite374磁导率permeability375填料filler376热电材料thermoelectric377射线衍射ray378铸造法casting379粒度分布size380原子力afm381共沉淀coprecipitation382水解hydrolysis 383抗热thermal 384高能球ball385干摩擦friction 386聚合物基polymer 387疲劳裂纹fatigue388分散性dispersion 389硅烷silane390弛豫relaxation 391物理性能properties 392晶相phase 393饱和磁化强度magnetization394凝固过程solidification395共聚物copolymer396光致发光photoluminescence397薄膜材料films398导热系数conductivity399居里curie400第二相phase401复合材料制备composites402多孔材料porous403水热法hydrothermal404原子力显微镜afm405压电复合材料piezoelectric406尼龙6nylon407高能球磨milling408显微硬度microhardness409基片substrate410纳米技术nanotechnology411直径为diameter412织构texture413氮化nitride414热性能properties415磁致伸缩magnetostriction416成核nucleation417老化aging418细化grain419压电材料piezoelectric420纳米晶amorphous421si合金si422复合镀层composite 423缠绕winding 424抗氧化oxidation 425表观apparent 426环氧复合材料epoxy 427甲基methyl428聚乙烯polyethylene 429复合膜composite 430表面修饰surface431大块非晶amorphous 432结构材料materials 433表面能surface434材料表面surface435疲劳性能fatigue436粘弹性viscoelastic437基体合金alloy438单相phase439梯度材料material440六方hexagonal441四方tetragonal442蜂窝honeycomb443阳极氧化anodic444塑料plastics445超塑性superplastic446sem观察sem447烧蚀ablation448复合薄膜films449树脂基resin450高聚物polymer451气相vapor452电子能谱xps453硅烷偶联coupling454团聚particles455基底substrate456断口形貌fracture457抗压强度strength458储能storage459松弛relaxation460拉曼光谱raman461孔率porosity462沸石zeolite463熔炼melting464磁体magnet465sem分析sem466润湿性wettability 467电磁屏蔽shielding 468升温heating469致密dense470沉淀法precipitation 471差热分析dta472成功制备prepared 473复合体系composites 474浸渍impregnation 475力学行为behavior 476复合粉体powders 477沥青pitch478磁电阻magnetoresistance479导电性能conductivity480光电子能谱xps481材料力学mechanical482夹层sandwich483玻璃化glass484衬底上substrates485原位复合材料composites486智能材料materials487碳化物carbide488复相composite489氧化锆zirconia490基体材料matrix491渗透infiltration492退火处理annealing493磨粒wear494氧化行为oxidation495细小fine496基合金alloy497粒径分布size498润滑lubrication499定向凝固solidification500晶格常数lattice留纞銅雀樓12:56:20501晶粒度size502颗粒表面surface503吸收峰absorption504磨损特性wear505水热合成hydrothermal506薄膜表面films507性质研究properties 508试件specimen 509结晶度crystallinity 510聚四氟乙烯ptfe511硅烷偶联剂silane 512碳化carbide 513试验机tester514结合强度bonding 515薄膜结构films516晶型crystal517介电损耗dielectric 518复合涂层coating519压电陶瓷piezoelectric520磨损量wear521组织与性能microstructure522合成法synthesis523烧结过程sintering524金属材料materials525引发剂initiator526有机蒙脱土montmorillonite527水热法制hydrothermal528再结晶recrystallization529沉积速率deposition530非晶相amorphous531尖端tip532淬火quenching533亚稳metastable534穆斯mossbauer535穆斯堡尔mossbauer536偏析segregation537种材料materials538先驱precursor539物性properties540石墨化度graphitization541中空hollow542弥散particles543淀粉starch544水热法制备hydrothermal545涂料coating546复合粉末powder547晶粒长大grain548sem等sem549复合材料组织microstructu re550界面结构interface 551煅烧calcined 552共混物blends553结晶行为crystallizatio n554混杂复合材料hybrid 555laves相laves556摩擦因数friction 557钛基titanium558磁性材料magnetic559制备纳米nanometer560界面上interface561晶粒大小size562阻尼材料damping563热分析thermal564复合材料层板laminates565二氧化钛titanium566沉积法deposition567光催化剂tio568余辉afterglow569断裂行为fracture570颗粒大小size571合金组织alloy572非晶形成amorphous573杨氏模量modulus574前驱物precursor575过冷alloy576尖晶石spinel577化学镀electroless578溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel579本构方程constitutive580磁学magnetic581气氛下atmosphere582钛合金titanium583微粉powder584压电性piezoelectric585晶须sic586应力应变strain587石英quartz588热电性thermoelectric589相转变phase590合成方法synthesis 591热学thermal 592气孔率porosity 593永磁magnetic 594流变性能rheological 595压痕indentation 596热压烧结sintering 597正硅酸乙酯teos 598点阵lattice599梯度功能材料fgm 600带材tapes601磨粒磨损wear602碳含量carbon603仿生biomimetic604快速凝固solidification605预制preform606差示dsc607发泡foaming608疲劳损伤fatigue609尺度size610镍基高温合金superalloy611透过率transmittance612溅射法制sputtering613结构表征characterization614差示扫描dsc615通过semsem616水泥基cement617木材wood618分析tem619量热calorimetry620复合物composites621铁电薄膜ferroelectric622共混体系blends623先驱体precursor624晶态crystalline625冲击性能impact626离心centrifugal627断裂伸长率elongation628有机-无机organic-inorganic629块状bulk630相沉淀precipitation631织物fabric632因数coefficient 633合成与表征synthesis 634缺口notch635靶材target636弹性体elastomer 637金属氧化物oxide 638均匀化homogenizati on639吸收光谱absorption 640磨损行为wear641高岭土kaolin 642功能梯度材料fgm643滞后hysteresis644气凝胶aerogel645记忆性memory646磁流体magnetic647铁磁ferromagnetic648合金成分alloy649微米micron650蠕变性能creep留纞銅雀樓12:56:46651聚氯乙烯pvc652湮没annihilation653断裂力学fracture654滑移slip655差示扫描量热dsc656等温结晶crystallization657树脂基复合材料composite658阳极anodic659退火后annealing660发光性properties661木粉wood662交联crosslinking663过渡金属transition664无定形amorphous665拉伸试验tensile666溅射法sputtering667硅橡胶rubber668明胶gelatin669生物相容性biocompatibility670界面处interface671陶瓷复合材料composite 672共沉淀法制coprecipitatio n673本构模型constitutive 674合金材料alloy675磁矩magnetic 676隐身stealth677比强度strength 678改性研究modification 679采用粉末powder 680晶粒细化grain681抗磨wear682元合金alloy683剪切变形shear684高温超导superconducting685金红石型rutile686晶化行为crystallization687催化性能catalytic688热挤压extrusion689微观microstructure690tem观察tem691缺口冲击impact692生物材料biomaterials693涂覆coating694纳米氧化nanometer695x射线光电子能谱xps696硅灰石wollastonite697摩擦条件friction698衍射峰diffraction699块体材料bulk700溶质solute701冲击韧性impact702锐钛矿型anatase703凝固组织microstructure704磨损试验机tester705丙烯酸甲酯pmma706光谱raman707减振damping708聚酯polyester709体材料materials 710航空aerospace 711光吸收absorption 712韧化toughening 713疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue 714超塑superplastic 715凝胶法制备gel716半导体材料semiconduct or717剪应力shear718发光材料luminescence 719凝胶法制gel720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721硬质hard722摩擦性能friction723电致变色electrochromic724超细粉powder725增强相reinforced726薄带ribbons727结构弛豫relaxation728光学材料materials729sic陶瓷sic730纤维含量fiber731高阻尼damping732镍基nickel733热导thermal734奥氏体austenite735单轴uniaxial736超导电性superconductivity737高温氧化oxidation738树脂基体matrix739含能energetic740粘着adhesion741穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer742脱层delamination743反射率reflectivity744单晶高温合金superalloy745粘结bonded746快淬quenching747熔融插层intercalation748外加applied749钙钛矿结构perovskite750减摩friction751复合氧化物oxide21 / 21。
材料科学专业英语词汇
材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。
材料专业 专业英语
PrefaceMaterials science 材料科学，材料学 Mechanical properties 力学性能Smart materials 智能材料，灵敏材料 nanomaterials 纳米材料 nanotechnology 纳米技术 biomaterials 生物材料 composition 成分，组成 performance性能Microstructure, structure 微观结构，组织，结构 Synthesis and processing 合成与工艺 Inorganic materials 无机材料 Composite materials 复合材料 Polymers 聚合物，高分子 Metal, metallic 金属，金属的ceramic 陶瓷 hardness 硬度 brittleness 脆性 module 模量 density 密度 Shape memory alloys形状记忆合金华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Elemental period tablehydrogen H Rubidium Rb helium He Yttrium Y lithium Li Zirconium Zr beryllium Be Niobium Nb boron B Molybdenum Mocarbon C Palladium Pd nitrogen N Silver Ag oxygen O Cadmium Cd fluorine F Indium In Neon Ne Tin Sn sodium Na Antimony Sb magnesium Mg Iodine I aluminum Al Xenon Xe silicon Si CesiumCs phosphorus P BariumBa sulfur S Tungsten W chlorine Cl Platinum Pt argon Ar GoldAu potassium K Mercury Hg calcium Ca Lead Pb scandium Sc lanthanumLa titanium Ti CeriumCe vanadium V chromium Crmanganese Mniron Fecobalt Conickel Ni copper Cuzinc Zngallium Ga germanium Ge arsenic As selenium Se bromine Br krypton Kr华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Chapter 1 Crystal structure of metalsCrystal structure 晶体结构 Lattice constants 点阵常数 Crystalline materials 晶体材料 Lattice vectors 点阵适量 Noncrystalline materials 非晶材料 crystal 晶体 Amorphous materials 非晶材料 Bravais lattice 布拉非点阵 Corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀 Crystal system 晶系 electron 电子Alpha, beta, gammaα, β, γatom 原子 cubic 立方 nucleus 原子核 tetragonal 四方 electronegativity 电负性 orthorhombic 正交 electronpositivity 电正性 hexagonal 六方 equilibrium 平衡Rhombonhedral / trigonal菱面体 repulsion 排斥 Monoclinic 单斜 attraction 吸引 Triclinic 三斜 potential 势能 Simple cubic简单立方 Ionic bonding 离子键Body centered cubic体心立方 Covalent bonding 共价键 Unit cell晶胞Metallic bonding 金属键 Lattice parameters 点阵矢量 molecule 分子 Face centered cubic 面心立方 semiconductor 半导体 Coordination number 配位原子数 Single crystal 单晶 Hexagonal packing 六方堆垛 Anisotropic 各向异性 Allotropic transformation 同素异位转变 isotopic 各向同性 Miller indices密勒指数Polycrystalline 多晶 crystallographic 晶体学的 Imperfection 缺陷 Crystallographic direction 晶向 Point defect 点缺陷 Crystallographic plane 晶面 Line defect 线缺陷 projection投影 planar defect, surface defect 面缺陷Planar miller index/indices面指数 dislocation 位错 Diagonal对角的 vacancy 空位 Perpendicular 垂直的interstitial 间隙的 Family of directions晶向族 substitutional 替换的，置换的Family of planes晶面族 Grain boundary 晶界 Lattice point 阵点 Stacking faults 堆垛层错 metallography 金相学 Anti-phase 反相 Toughness 韧性 Twin boundary 孪晶界 Stiffness 刚性Edge dislocation 刃位错 ductility 延展性，可锻性Screw dislocation 螺位错 strengthen 强度 Mixed dislocation 混合位错 Compact 压制 sintering 烧结 Edge棱边 translation平移Packing factor 堆垛密度华南理工大学 金属材料实验室C2 Solidification of metalsSolidify, solidification 凝固 nuclei 核，核心 Free energy 自有能 Kinetic energy 动能 bronze青铜 Brass黄铜 Surface free energy 表面自由能 nucleation 形核 Critical 临界的 undercooling过冷 Homogeneous nucleation 均匀形核 Heterogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核impurity 杂质 Interface 界面 diffusion 扩散 Latent heat 潜热 Cooling 冷却 growth 生长Dendritic growth(树)枝晶生长Cast, casting 铸造，铸件 Chill zone 激冷区 Column zone 柱状区 Equiaxed zone 等轴区 shrinkage 收缩 Gas porosity气孔 Interdendritic shrinkage枝晶间收缩 Favorable orientation 择优取向 Fine grain 细晶Galvanized sheet steel（电）镀锌钢板 Preferred growth 择优生长 Planar growth 平面生长 supercooling 过冷 superheating 过热 Embryo 晶胚华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Chapter 3 Plastic deformation and recrystallizePlastic deformation塑性变形 Recrystallize, recrystallization 再结晶 load 载荷 strain 应变 stress应力 Elastic deformation 弹性变形 Tensile properties 拉伸性能 Yielding, yielding point 屈服，屈服点 Low carbon steel 低碳钢 Shear 剪切 torsion 扭折 Parallel to平行于 Slip, slip plane, slip system, slip direction 滑移，滑移面，滑移系，滑移方向The closet-packed direction/plane 密排方向/面 twinning 孪晶 Slip line, slip band 滑移线 Polycrystalline materials多晶材料Single crystal 单晶 coherency共格 Grain orientation 晶粒取向 Dislocation movement/motion位错移动 Cold working 冷加工 Warm working 中温加工 Hot working 热加工 recovery 回复 Grain growth晶粒长大hardness 硬度 indentation 压痕 indenter 压头Sphere, cone, pyramid 球形，圆锥形，四棱锥 nondestructive 非破坏性的 Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 Vickers microhardness 维氏显微硬度 Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度 Knoop hardness 努氏硬度 forging锻造Open-die, closed-die forging 开口模，闭合模 extrusion 挤出华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Chapter 4 Phase diagram and microstructurePhase diagram 相图 precipitation 析出 microstructure微观结构,z 组织 Lamellar growth层状生长Solid-solution strengthening 固溶强化 photomicrograph 显微照片 Dispersion strengthening 弥散强化 Microconstituent 显微组织成分 Brass黄铜 Hypoeutectic 亚共晶 Equilibrium phase diagram 平衡相图 Hypereutectic 过共晶 constitution 成分 Peritectic transformation 包晶转变 component 组元 Ternary phase diagram 三元相图 Solvent atom 溶剂原子 Solute atom 溶质原子 concentration 浓度 Solid solution 固溶 Binary alloy 二元合金isomorphous 同形的，同质的 Mole percent 摩尔百分比 solubility溶解度，固溶度 Liquidus temperature, line 液相温度，液相线 Solidus temperature, line 固相温度，固相线 Isotherm line 等温线 Solvus line 溶解度曲线 Phase rule 相律 freedom 自由度 Lever rule 杠杆定律 Eutectic 共晶的 eutectoid 共析的Immiscible, unmixable互不溶的Tie line两平衡相成分点间连线Equilibrium solidification 平衡凝固 Nonequilibrium solidification 非平衡凝固Intermetallic compound 中间金属化合物 Stoichiometric 化学计量比的 nonstoichiometric 非化学计量比的 Ordered crystal structure 有序晶体结构华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Chapter 5 Iron-Carbon alloy systemcomponent 组元 steel 钢 solvent 溶剂 solute 溶质 solubility 溶解度 Dissolved 溶解于，溶于 Soluble 可溶解的 Proportion 比例 Flake 片状 transformation 相变，转变 Ferrite铁素体 Interstitial solid solution 间隙固溶体carbide碳化物 Polymorphic transformation 多型性转变 Austenite 奥氏体 magnetic 磁性的 Cementite, iron carbide 渗碳体 orthorhombic 正交的 Metastable phase亚稳相 decompose 分解 substitution 替换，置换 Pearlite 珠光体 Eutectoid 共析的 Eutectic共晶的 Hypoeutectoid steel 亚共析钢 Eutectoid steel 共析钢 Hypereutectoid steel过共析钢 Proeutectoid 先共析体Layered structure 层状组织 Plain carbon steel碳素钢 Wrought iron, pure iron 纯铁 Carbon content 碳含量 Cast iron 铸铁 Low carbon steel 低碳钢 Medium carbon steel 中碳钢 High carbon steel 高碳钢 Ferrous alloys 铁基合金 Stainless steel 不锈钢华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Chapter 6 Heat treatmentHeat treatment 热处理 Annealing 退火 Bainite 贝氏体 Martensite马氏体 Precipitation hardening 析出强化 Surface hardening 表面强化 Normalizing 正火 Quenching 淬火 Tempering回火 Isothermal transformation diagram, TTT 等温转变 Continuous cooling diagram, CCT 连续转变 Diffusive transformation 扩散型相变 Non-diffusive transformation 非扩散型相变 Lattice distortion 点阵畸变Tetragonal 四方的 Coolant 冷却剂 hardenability 淬透性 Retained austenite残留奥氏体 Lath martensite 板条马氏体 Plate martensite 片状马氏体 Unit cell 晶胞Crystallographic relationship晶体学关系，晶体学取向Matrix materials 基体材料 Habit plane 惯习面 Expansion 膨胀 Quench crack 淬火裂纹 Residual stress 残留应力 Austenitizing 奥氏体化 Austempering 奥氏体等温淬火Process anneal 加工退火 Stress relief anneal去应力退火 Composition homogenization anneal 均匀化退火 Solution treatment 固溶处理 Spheroidisation 球化处理 Air-cool 空冷 Ageing时效 Over-saturated solid solution 过饱和固溶体 Carburizing 渗碳 Pack carburizing 装箱渗碳 Gas carburizing 气体渗碳 Liquid carburizing 液体渗碳华南理工大学 金属材料实验室Wear-resistant 耐磨 Nitriding 氮化，渗氮 Cyaniding 氰化 Carbonitriding 碳氮共渗Case hardening 表面硬化，表面硬化 Chroming 镀铬 Boronizing硼化处理Heat treatment furnace 热处理炉 Localized heating局部加热 Induction hardening process 感应加热处理华南理工大学 金属材料实验室。
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)材料科学专业英语词汇（整理版）以下是一些常用的材料科学专业英语词汇：1. 材料科学 - Materials science2. 材料工程 - Materials engineering3. 物理性能 - Physical properties4. 化学性质 - Chemical properties5. 结构性能 - Structural properties6. 材料强度 - Material strength7. 弹性模量 - Elastic modulus8. 硬度 - Hardness9. 腐蚀性 - Corrosiveness10. 耐磨性 - Wear resistance11. 热导率 - Thermal conductivity12. 电导率 - Electrical conductivity13. 密度 - Density14. 能量吸收 - Energy absorption15. 环境影响 - Environmental impact16. 金属 - Metal17. 陶瓷 - Ceramic18. 聚合物 - Polymer20. 玻璃 - Glass21. 晶体 - Crystal22. 金属合金 - Metal alloy23. 电子材料 - Electronic material24. 纳米材料 - Nanomaterial25. 材料测试 - Materials testing26. 材料设计 - Materials design27. 材料拓扑优化 - Materials topology optimization28. 材料制备 - Materials synthesis29. 材料表征 - Materials characterization30. 材料耐久性 - Materials durability31. 材料再循环 - Materials recycling希望这份材料科学专业英语词汇整理对你有帮助！。
材料科学与工程专业英语课后习题答案unit1-7
Materials science材料科学Stone age石器时代Naked eye肉眼Bronze age铜器时代Optical property光学性能Integrated circuit集成电路Mechanical strength机械强度Thermal conductivity导热“Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast ,”materials engineering “is ,on the basis of there structure property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material that produce a predetermined set of properties。
，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料V irtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical ,and deteriorative。
固体材料的所有重要的性质可以分成六个不同的种类，机械性能、电性能、热性能、磁性能、光性能和内耗。
In addition to structure and properties , two other important components are involved in the sciences and engineering of materials , namely“processing”and“performance”.除了组织性能之外，另外两个重要的性质也包括在材料科学和工程之中，即“加工”和“特性”The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria。
纳米材料专业英语词汇
纳米尺度nanoscale纳米基元nano-unit纳米结构单元nanostructure unit纳米材料nanomaterial纳米技术nanotechnology纳米结构体系nanostructure system纳米组装体系nanostructure assembling syst em纳米器件nanodevice碳纳米管carbon nanotubes原子团簇atom cluster单分散颗粒[系] monodispersed particle纳米颗粒nanoparticle团粒aggregate纳米粉体nano-powder纳米纤维nano-fibre纳米薄膜nano-film纳米块体nano-bulk纳米孔nano-pore纳米晶体材料nanocrystalline material纳米非晶材料amorphous nanomaterial纳米准晶材料quasi-crystal nanomaterial金属纳米材料metallic nanomaterial无机非金属纳米材料inorganic non-metallic na nomaterial高分子纳米材料polymer nanomaterial纳米复合材料nanocomposites结构纳米材料structured nanomaterial功能纳米材料functional nanomaterial生物医用纳米材料biomedical nanomaterial 小尺寸效应small-size effect表面效应surface effect量子尺寸效应quantum size effect宏观量子隧道效应macroscopic quantum tun neling effect惰性气体沉积法inert gas deposition物理粉碎法physics grinding高能球磨法high energy ball mill溅射法sputtering物理粉碎法physics grinding爆炸法explosion喷雾法spraying冷冻干燥法freeze drying化学气相沉积法chemical vapor deposition沉淀法precipitation水热合成法hydrothermal synthesis溶胶-凝胶法sol－gel辐射化学合成法radiation chemical synthesis 快速凝固法rapidly quenching强烈塑性变形法severe(intense) plastic deform ationh非晶晶化法amorphous solid crystallizatio n溅射法sputtering非晶晶化法crystallization of amorphous soli d原位复合法in-situ composite插层复合法intercalation hybrids微乳液法micro emulsion模板合成法template synthesis自组装法self-assembly石墨电弧放电法graphite arc discharge快速凝固法rapidly quenching表面处理surface treatment表面修饰surface decoration稳定化处理passivating treatmentX射线衍射法X-ray diffractometry扫描探针显微镜scanning probe microscopy 扫描隧道显微镜scanning tunneling microscop y,扫描近场光学显微镜scanning near-field optica l microscopy,原子力显微镜atomic force microscopy扫描电容显微镜scanning capacitance microsc opy磁力显微镜magnetic force microscopy扫描热显微镜scanning thermal microscopy X射线衍射法X-ray diffractometryX射线衍射线宽化法X-ray diffractometry line b roadeningX射线小角度散射法small angle X-ray scatteri ng透射电子显微镜法transmission electron micro scopy ,TEM透射电镜法TEM method扫描电子显微镜法scanning electron microsco py , SEM扫描电镜法SEM method拉曼光谱法raman spectrometry红外吸收光谱法infrared absorption spectrosc opy穆斯堡尔谱法mossbauer spectrometry光子相关谱法photon correlation spectroscop yBET法BET压汞仪法mercury porosimetry纳米压痕仪nano impress扫描探针显微法scanning probe microscopy, 扫描隧道电子显微法scanning tunneling electr on microscopy,STM扫描近场光学显微法scanning near-field optica l microscopy，SNOM原子力显微法atomic force microscopy，AFM 扫描电容显微法scanning capacitance micros copy, SCM扫描热显微法scanning thermal microscopy, STHM场离子显微法field ion microscopy, FIM磁力显微法magnetic force microscopy, MFM 激光干涉仪laser interferometer激光衍射/散射法laser diffraction and scatterin g离心沉降法centrifugal sedimentation。
上海交大各专业英语名称
上海交大各专业英语名称以下是上海交通大学常见的一些专业英语名称：1.电子信息类：o Electronic Science and Technology（电子科学与技术）o Electronic Engineering（电子工程）o Communication Engineering（通信工程）o Information Engineering（信息工程）2.机械工程类：o Mechanical Engineering（机械工程）o Automation（自动化）o Mechatronic Engineering（机械电子工程）3.材料科学与工程类：o Materials Science and Engineering（材料科学与工程）o Polymer Materials andEngineering（高分子材料与工程）o Nano Materials and Technology（纳米材料与技术）4.建筑与城市规划类：o Architecture（建筑学）o Urban Planning（城市规划）o Landscape Architecture（景观建筑）5.经济与管理类：o Economics（经济学）o Finance（金融学）o Business Administration（工商管理）o Marketing（市场营销）6.电气工程类：o Electrical Engineering（电气工程）o Power Engineering andAutomation（电力工程及其自动化）o Control Science and Engineering（控制科学与工程）请注意，以上只是一些常见的专业英语名称，具体的专业名称可能会有所不同。
如果您对特定的专业名称有更具体的要求，请提供相关信息，我将尽力为您提供准确的答案。
化学专业英语词汇
专业英语 Professional English现代分析化学 Modern analytical chemistry 生物分析技术 Bioanalytical techniques高分子进展 Advances in polymers功能高分子进展 Advances in functional polym ers有机硅高分子研究进展 Progresses in organosi licon polymers高分子科学实验方法 Scientific experimental methods of polymers高分子设计与合成 The design and synthesis o f polymers反应性高分子专论 Instructions to reactive p olymers网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering information有序分子组合体概论 Introduction to Organize d Molecular Assembilies两亲分子聚集体化学 Chemistry of amphiphilic aggregates表面活性剂体系研究新方法 New Method for stu dying Surfactant System微纳米材料化学 Chemistry of Micro-NanoMater ials分散体系研究新方法 New Method for studying dispersion 分散体系相行为 The Phase Behavior of Aqueou s Dispersions溶液-凝胶材料 Sol-Gel Materials高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry 分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y群论 Group Theory分子模拟理论及软件应用 Theory and Software of Molecular Modelling & Application价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium现代无机化学 Today's Inorganic Chemistry 无机化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Forwar d Field in Inorganic Chemistry量子化学 Quantum Chemistry分子材料 Molecular Material固体酸碱理论 Solid Acid-Base Theory萃取过程物理化学 Physical Chemistry in Extr action表面电化学 Surface Electrochemistry电化学进展 Advances on Electrochemistry 现代电化学实验技术 Modern Experimental Tech niques of Electrochemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications叶立德化学:理论和应用 Ylides Chemistry: The ory and Application立体化学与手性合成 Stereochemistry and Chir al Synthesis杂环化学 Heterocyclic Chemistry有机硅化学 Organosilicon Chemistry药物设计及合成 Pharmaceutical Design and Sy nthesis超分子化学 Supramolecular Chemistry分子设计与组合化学 Molecular Design and Com binatorial Chemistry纳米材料化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Na no-materials Chemistry纳米材料控制合成与自组装 Controlled-synthes is and Self-assembly of Nano-materials前沿讲座 Leading Front Forum专业英语 Professional English超分子化学基础 Basics of Supramolecular Che mistry液晶材料基础 Basics of Liquid Crystal Mater ials现代实验技术 Modern analytical testing tech niques色谱及联用技术 Chromatography and Technolog y of tandem发光分析及其研究法 Luminescence analysis an d Research methods胶束酶学 Micellar Enzymology分析化学中的配位化合物 Complex in Analytica l Chemistry电分析化学 Electroanalytical chemistry生物分析化学 Bioanalytical chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry仪器分析 Instrument analysis高分子合成化学 Polymers synthetic chemistry高聚物结构与性能 Structures and properties of polymers有机硅化学 Organosilicon chemistry功能高分子 Functional polymers有机硅高分子 Organosilicon polymers高分子现代实验技术 Advanced experimental te chnology of polymers高分子合成新方法 New synthetic methods of p olymers液晶与液晶高分子 Liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers大分子反应 Macromolecules reaction水溶性高分子 Water-soluble polymers聚合物加工基础 The basic process of polymer s聚合物复合材料 Composite materials高等化工与热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineer ing and Thermodynamics高等反应工程学 Advanced Reaction Engineerin g高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry 高等有机合成 Advanced Organic synthesis 有机化学中光谱分析 Spectrum Analysis in Org anic Chemistry催化作用原理 Principle of Catalysis染料化学 Dye Chemistry中间体化学与工艺学 Intermediate Chemistry a nd Technology化学动力学 Chemical Kinetics表面活性剂合成与工艺 Synthesis and Technolo gy of Surfactants环境化学 Environmental Chemistry化工企业清洁生产 Chemical Enterprise Clean Production化工污染及防治 Chemical Pollution and Contr ol动量热量质量传递 Momentum, Heat and Mass Tr ansmission化工分离工程专题 Separation Engineering耐蚀材料 Corrosion Resisting Material网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering informa tion新型功能材料的模板组装 Templated Assembly o f Novel Advanced Materials胶体与界面 Colloid and Interface纳米材料的胶体化学制备方法 Colloid Chemical Methods for Preparing Nano-materials脂质体化学 Chemistry of liposome表面活性剂物理化学 Physico-chemistry of sur factants高分子溶液与微乳液 Polymer Solutions and Mi croemulsions两亲分子的溶液化学 Chemistry of Amphiphilic Molecules in solution介孔材料化学 Mesoporous Chemistry超细颗粒化学 Chemistry of ultrafine powder分散体系流变学 The Rheolgy of Aqueous Dispe rsions量子化学 Quantum Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics群论 Group Theory分子模拟 Molecular Modelling高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y分子模拟软件及其应用 Software of Molecular Modelling & its Application分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics腐蚀电化学 Corrosion Electrochemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry结构化学 structural Chemistry现代分析与测试技术(试验为主） Modern Analysi s and Testing Technology（experimetally)高等无机化学 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 近代无机物研究方法 Modern Research Methods for Inorganic Compounds萃取化学研究方法 Research Methods for Extra ction Chemistry单晶培养 Crystal Culture固态化学 Chemistry of Solid Substance液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry卟啉酞箐化学 Chemistry of Porphyrine and Ph thalocyanine无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium生物化学的应用 Application of Biologic Chem istry生物无机化学 Bio-Inorganic Chemistry绿色化学 Green Chemistry金属有机化合物在均相催化中的应用 Applied Ho mogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds功能性食品化学 Functionalized Food Chemistr y无机药物化学 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemi stry电极过程动力学 Kinetics on Electrode Process电化学研究方法 Electrochemical Research Met hods生物物理化学 Biological Physical Chemistry 波谱与现代检测技术 Spectroscopy and Modern Testing Technology理论有机化学 theoretical Organic Chemistry 合成化学 Synthesis Chemistry有机合成新方法 New Methods for Organic Synt hesis生物有机化学 Bio-organic Chemistry药物化学 Pharmaceutical Chemistry金属有机化学 Organometallic Chemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications分子构效与模拟 Molecular Structure-Activity and Simulation过程装置数值计算 Data Calculation of Proces s Devices石油化工典型设备 Common Equipment of Petroc hemical Industry化工流态化工程 Fluidization in Chemical Ind ustry化工装置模拟与优化 Analogue and Optimizatio n of Chemical Devices化工分离工程 Separation Engineering 化工系统与优化 Chemical System and Optimiza tion高等化工热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineerin g and Thermodynamics超临界流体技术及应用 Super Cratical Liguid Technegues and Applications膜分离技术 Membrane Separation Technegues溶剂萃取原理和应用 Theory and Application o f Solvent Extraction树脂吸附理论 Theory of Resin Adsorption 中药材化学 Chemistry of Chinese Medicine 生物资源有效成分分析与鉴定 Analysis and Det ection of Bio-materials相平衡理论与应用 Theory and Application o f Phase Equilibrium计算机在化学工程中的应用 Application of Com puter in Chemical Engineering微乳液和高分子溶液 Micro-emulsion and High Molecular Solution传递过程 Transmision Process反应工程分析 Reaction Engineering Analysis 腐蚀电化学原理与应用 Principle and Applicat ion of Corrosion Electrochemistry腐蚀电化学测试方法与应用 Measurement Method and Application of Corrosion Elect rochemistry耐蚀表面工程 Surface Techniques of Anti-cor rosion缓蚀剂技术 Inhabitor Techniques腐蚀失效分析 Analysis of Corrosion Destroy 材料表面研究方法 Method of Studying Materia l Surfacc分离与纯化技术 Separation and Purification Technology现代精细有机合成 Modern Fine Organic Synthe sis化学工艺与设备 Chemical Technology and Appa ratuas功能材料概论 Functional Materials Conspectu s油田化学 Oilfield Chemistry精细化学品研究 Study of Fine Chemicals催化剂合成与应用 Synthesis and Application of Catalyzer低维材料制备 Preparation of Low-Dimension M aterials手性药物化学 Symmetrical Pharmaceutical Che mistry光敏高分子材料化学 Photosensitive Polymer M aterials Chemistry纳米材料制备与表征 Preparation and Characte rization of Nanostructured materials溶胶凝胶化学 Sol-gel Chemistry 纳米材料化学进展 Proceeding of Nano-materia ls Chemistry●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemicalcorrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate化学键 chemical bond化学平衡chemicalequilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III)chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠 sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate糖类 carbohydrate烃 hydrocarbon烃的衍生物 derivative of hydrocarbon烃基 hydrocarbonyl同分异构体 isomer同素异形体 allotrope同位素 isotope同系物 homo1og涂料 coating烷烃 alkane物质的量 amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃 alkene洗涤剂 detergent纤维素 cellulose相对分子质量 relative molecular mass相对原子质量 relative atomic mass消去反应 elimination reaction硝化反应 nitratlon reaction硝酸钡 barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠 sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水 bromine water盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应 flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝 aluminium oxide氧化铁 iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛 ethana1乙炔 ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate乙烯 ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂 oils and fats有机化合物 organic compound元素周期表 periodic table of elements元素周期律 periodic law of elements原电池 primary battery原子序数 atomic number皂化反应 saponification粘合剂 adhesive蔗糖 sucrose指示剂 Indicator酯 ester酯化反应 esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯 reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应 exothermic reaction 放热反应 precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and BasesBronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO) 256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e 326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
材料专业英语翻译
材料专业英语翻译Nanotechnology is the study and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale level, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties and behaviors due to their small size and large surface area. Nanomaterials have revolutionized various industries, including electronics, medicine, and energy. For example, carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity and are used in the development of high-performance electronics, while nanoparticles are used in drug delivery systems for targeted therapy.Smart materials are materials that can change their properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, or electrical signals. They are used in various applications, including sensors, actuators, and adaptive structures. For example, shape memory alloys can change their shape when subjected to heat, which makes them useful in self-repairing materials and biomedical devices.In addition to the development of advanced materials, material engineering also involves the study of material testing and characterization. Material testing is the process of evaluating the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of materials. This helps engineers to understand the behavior of materials under different conditions and to ensure their safety and performance in practical applications.In conclusion, material engineering is a multidisciplinary field that plays a vital role in the development of new materials and the improvement of existing materials. It involves the study of various materials and their properties, as well as the use of advanced technologies to create materials with superior performance. Material engineering contributes to advancements in industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medicine, and continues to drive innovation and progress in science and technology.。
材料学专业英语分析
加工方法Manufacturing Method 拉力强度Tensile Strength 机械性能Mechanical Properites 低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 镀镍Nickel Plated 镀黄铜Brass Plated 马氏铁体淬火Marquenching 退火Annealing 淬火Quenching高温回火High Temperature Tempering 应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material表面处理Surface Finish硬度Hardness 电镀方法Plating type 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment拉伸应变Stretcher Strains焊接Welding 防止生锈Rust Protection 硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test 连续铸造法Continuous casting process珠光体Pearlite 单相金属Single Phase Metal Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic疲劳测试Impact Test热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion比重Specific gravity化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties 再结晶Recrystallization硬化Work Hardening包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy 共晶Eutectic临界温度Critical temperature 自由度Degree of freedom相律Phase Rule金属间化物Intermetallic compound 固熔体Solid solution 置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 米勒指数Mill's Index晶体结构Crystal structure金属与合金Metal and Alloy金属特性Special metallic featuresStrength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability强度Strengthen 无机非金属inorganic nonmetallic materials 燃料电池fuel cell新能源new energy resources材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文1 合金alloy2 材料material3 复合材料properties4 制备preparation5 强度strength6 力学mechanical7 力学性能mechanical8 复合composite9 薄膜films10 基体matrix11 增强reinforced12 非晶amorphous 13 基复合材料composites14 纤维fiber15 纳米nanometer16 金属metal17 合成synthesis18 界面interface19 颗粒particles20 法制备prepared21 尺寸size22 形状shape23 烧结sintering24 磁性magnetic25 断裂fracture26 聚合物polymer27 衍射diffraction28 记忆memory29 陶瓷ceramic30 磨损wear31 表征characterization32 拉伸tensile33 形状记忆memory34 摩擦friction35 碳纤维carbon36 粉末powder37 溶胶sol-gel38 凝胶sol-gel39 应变strain40 性能研究properties41 晶粒grain42 粒径size43 硬度hardness44 粒子particles45 涂层coating46 氧化oxidation47 疲劳fatigue48 组织microstructure49 石墨graphite50 机械mechanical51 相变phase52 冲击impact53 形貌morphology 54 有机organic55 损伤damage56 有限finite57 粉体powder58 无机inorganic59 电化学electrochemica l60 梯度gradient61 多孔porous62 树脂resin63 扫描电镜sem64 晶化crystallization 65 记忆合金memory66 玻璃glass67 退火annealing68 非晶态amorphous69 溶胶-凝胶sol-gel70 蒙脱土montmorillonit e71 样品samples 72 粒度size73 耐磨wear74 韧性toughness75 介电dielectric76 颗粒增强reinforced77 溅射sputtering78 环氧树脂epoxy79 纳米tio tio80 掺杂doped81 拉伸强度strength82 阻尼damping83 微观结构microstructure84 合金化alloying85 制备方法preparation86 沉积deposition87 透射电镜tem88 模量modulus89 水热hydrothermal90 磨损性wear91 凝固solidification92 贮氢hydrogen93 磨损性能wear94 球磨milling95 分数fraction96 剪切shear97 氧化物oxide98 直径diameter99 蠕变creep100弹性模量modulus留纞銅雀樓12:53:02101储氢hydrogen102压电piezoelectric103电阻resistivity104纤维增强composites105纳米复合材料preparation106制备出prepared107磁性能magnetic108导电conductive109晶粒尺寸size110弯曲bending111光催化tio112非晶合金amorphous113铝基复合材料composites114金刚石diamond115沉淀precipitation116分散dispersion117电阻率resistivity118显微组织microstructure119sic复合材料sic120硬质合金cemented121摩擦系数friction122吸波absorbing123杂化hybrid124模板template125催化剂catalyst126塑性plastic127晶体crystal128sic颗粒sic129功能材料materials130铝合金alloy131表面积surface132填充filled133电导率conductivity134控溅射sputtering135金属基复合材料composites136磁控溅射sputtering137结晶crystallization138磁控magnetron139均匀uniform140弯曲强度strength141纳米碳carbon142偶联coupling143电化学性能electrochemica l144及性能properties145al复合材料composite146高分子polymer147本构constitutive 148晶格lattice 149编织braided150断裂韧性toughness151尼龙nylon 152摩擦磨损性friction153耐磨性wear154摩擦学tribological 155共晶eutectic156聚丙烯polypropylene 157半导体semiconductor 158偶联剂coupling159泡沫foam 160前驱precursor161高温合金superalloy162显微结构microstructure 163氧化铝alumina164扫描电子显微镜sem165时效aging166熔体melt167凝胶法sol-gel168橡胶rubber169微结构microstructure170铸造casting171铝基aluminum172抗拉强度strength173导热thermal174透射电子显微镜tem175插层intercalation176冲击强度impact177超导superconducting178记忆效应memory179固化curing180晶须whisker181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel182催化catalytic183导电性conductivity184环氧epoxy185晶界grain186前驱体precursor187机械性能mechanical188抗弯strength189粘度viscosity190热力学thermodynamic191溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel192块体bulk193抗弯强度strength194粘土clay195微观组织microstructure196孔径pore197玻璃纤维glass198压缩compression199摩擦磨损wear200马氏体martensitic留纞銅雀樓12:53:57201制得prepared202复合材料性能composites203气氛atmosphere204制备工艺preparation205平均粒径size206衬底substrate207相组成phase208表面处理surface209杂化材料hybrid210材料中materials211断口fracture212增强复合材料composites213马氏体相变transformation214球形spherical215混杂hybrid216聚氨酯polyurethane217纳米材料nanometer218位错dislocation219纳米粒子particles220表面形貌surface221试样samples222电学properties223有序ordered224电压voltage225析出phase226拉伸性tensile227大块bulk228立方cubic229聚苯胺polyaniline230抗氧化性oxidation231增韧toughening232物相phase 233表面改性modification 234拉伸性能tensile235相结构phase236优异excellent237介电常数dielectric238铁电ferroelectric 239复合材料力学性能composites 240碳化硅sic 241共混blends242炭纤维carbon243复合材料层composite244挤压extrusion245表面活性剂surfactant246阵列arrays 247高分子材料polymer248应变率strain249短纤维fiber250摩擦学性能tribological 251浸渗infiltration252阻尼性能damping253室温下room254复合材料层合板composite255剪切强度strength256流变rheological257磨损率wear258化学气相沉积deposition259热膨胀thermal260屏蔽shielding261发光luminescence262功能梯度functionally263层合板laminates264器件devices265铁氧体ferrite266刚度stiffness267介电性能dielectric268xrd分析xrd269锐钛矿anatase270炭黑carbon271热应力thermal272材料性能properties273溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel274单向unidirectional275衍射仪xrd276吸氢hydrogen277水泥cement278退火温度annealing279粉末冶金powder280溶胶凝胶sol-gel281熔融melt282钛酸titanate283磁合金magnetic284脆性brittle285金属间化合物intermetallic286非晶态合金amorphous287超细ultrafine288羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289各向异性anisotropy290镀层coating291颗粒尺寸size292拉曼raman293新材料materials294tic颗粒tic295孔隙率porosity296制备技术preparation297屈服强度strength298金红石rutile299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel300电容量capacity301热电thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial303聚酰亚胺polyimide304二氧化硅silica305放电容量capacity306层板laminates307微球microspheres308熔点melting309屈曲buckling310包覆coated311致密化densification312磁化强度magnetization313疲劳寿命fatigue314本构关系constitutive315组织结构microstructure316综合性能properties317热塑性thermoplastic318形核nucleation319复合粒子composite320材料制备preparation321晶化过程crystallization322层间interlaminar 323陶瓷基ceramic324多晶polycrystalline 325纳米结构nanostructures 326纳米复合composite327热导率conductivity 328空心hollow329致密度density330x射线衍射仪xrd331层状layered332矫顽力coercivity333纳米粉体powder334界面结合interface335超导体superconducto r336衍射分析diffraction337纳米粉powders338磨损机理wear339泡沫铝aluminum340进行表征characterized 341梯度功能gradient342耐磨性能wear343平均粒particle 344聚苯乙烯polystyrene345陶瓷基复合材料composites346陶瓷材料ceramics347石墨化graphitization348摩擦材料friction349熔化melting350多层multilayer留纞銅雀樓12:55:33351及其性能properties352酚醛树脂resin353电沉积electrodeposition354分散剂dispersant355相图phase356复合材料界面interface357壳聚糖chitosan358抗氧化性能oxidation359钙钛矿perovskite360分层delamination361热循环thermal362氢量hydrogen363蒙脱石montmorillonite364接枝grafting365导率conductivity366放氢hydrogen367微粒particles368伸长率elongation369延伸率elongation370烧结工艺sintering371层合laminated372纳米级nanometer373莫来石mullite374磁导率permeability375填料filler376热电材料thermoelectric377射线衍射ray378铸造法casting379粒度分布size380原子力afm381共沉淀coprecipitation382水解hydrolysis383抗热thermal384高能球ball385干摩擦friction386聚合物基polymer387疲劳裂纹fatigue388分散性dispersion389硅烷silane390弛豫relaxation391物理性能properties392晶相phase393饱和磁化强度magnetization394凝固过程solidification395共聚物copolymer396光致发光photoluminescence397薄膜材料films398导热系数conductivity399居里curie400第二相phase401复合材料制备composites402多孔材料porous403水热法hydrothermal404原子力显微镜afm405压电复合材料piezoelectric406尼龙6nylon407高能球磨milling408显微硬度microhardness409基片substrate410纳米技术nanotechnolog y411直径为diameter412织构texture413氮化nitride414热性能properties415磁致伸缩magnetostricti on416成核nucleation417老化aging 418细化grain 419压电材料piezoelectric 420纳米晶amorphous 421si合金si 422复合镀层composite423缠绕winding424抗氧化oxidation425表观apparent426环氧复合材料epoxy427甲基methyl428聚乙烯polyethylene 429复合膜composite430表面修饰surface431大块非晶amorphous432结构材料materials433表面能surface434材料表面surface435疲劳性能fatigue436粘弹性viscoelastic437基体合金alloy438单相phase439梯度材料material440六方hexagonal441四方tetragonal442蜂窝honeycomb443阳极氧化anodic444塑料plastics445超塑性superplastic446sem观察sem447烧蚀ablation448复合薄膜films449树脂基resin450高聚物polymer451气相vapor452电子能谱xps453硅烷偶联coupling454团聚particles455基底substrate456断口形貌fracture457抗压强度strength458储能storage459松弛relaxation460拉曼光谱raman461孔率porosity462沸石zeolite463熔炼melting464磁体magnet465sem分析sem466润湿性wettability467电磁屏蔽shielding468升温heating469致密dense470沉淀法precipitation471差热分析dta472成功制备prepared473复合体系composites474浸渍impregnation475力学行为behavior476复合粉体powders477沥青pitch478磁电阻magnetoresistance479导电性能conductivity480光电子能谱xps481材料力学mechanical482夹层sandwich483玻璃化glass484衬底上substrates485原位复合材料composites486智能材料materials487碳化物carbide488复相composite489氧化锆zirconia490基体材料matrix491渗透infiltration492退火处理annealing493磨粒wear494氧化行为oxidation495细小fine496基合金alloy497粒径分布size498润滑lubrication499定向凝固solidification500晶格常数lattice留纞銅雀樓12:56:20501晶粒度size 502颗粒表面surface503吸收峰absorption504磨损特性wear505水热合成hydrothermal 506薄膜表面films507性质研究properties508试件specimen509结晶度crystallinity 510聚四氟乙烯ptfe511硅烷偶联剂silane512碳化carbide513试验机tester514结合强度bonding515薄膜结构films516晶型crystal517介电损耗dielectric518复合涂层coating519压电陶瓷piezoelectric 520磨损量wear 521组织与性能microstructure522合成法synthesis523烧结过程sintering524金属材料materials525引发剂initiator526有机蒙脱土montmorillonite527水热法制hydrothermal528再结晶recrystallization529沉积速率deposition530非晶相amorphous531尖端tip532淬火quenching533亚稳metastable534穆斯mossbauer535穆斯堡尔mossbauer536偏析segregation537种材料materials538先驱precursor539物性properties540石墨化度graphitization541中空hollow542弥散particles543淀粉starch544水热法制备hydrothermal545涂料coating546复合粉末powder547晶粒长大grain548sem等sem549复合材料组织microstructure550界面结构interface551煅烧calcined552共混物blends553结晶行为crystallization554混杂复合材料hybrid555laves相laves556摩擦因数friction557钛基titanium558磁性材料magnetic559制备纳米nanometer560界面上interface561晶粒大小size562阻尼材料damping563热分析thermal564复合材料层板laminates565二氧化钛titanium566沉积法deposition567光催化剂tio568余辉afterglow569断裂行为fracture570颗粒大小size571合金组织alloy572非晶形成amorphous573杨氏模量modulus574前驱物precursor575过冷alloy576尖晶石spinel577化学镀electroless578溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel579本构方程constitutive580磁学magnetic581气氛下atmosphere582钛合金titanium583微粉powder584压电性piezoelectric585晶须sic586应力应变strain587石英quartz588热电性thermoelectric 589相转变phase590合成方法synthesis591热学thermal592气孔率porosity593永磁magnetic594流变性能rheological 595压痕indentation 596热压烧结sintering597正硅酸乙酯teos598点阵lattice 599梯度功能材料fgm600带材tapes 601磨粒磨损wear602碳含量carbon603仿生biomimetic 604快速凝固solidification 605预制preform606差示dsc 607发泡foaming608疲劳损伤fatigue609尺度size 610镍基高温合金superalloy 611透过率transmittance 612溅射法制sputtering613结构表征characterization614差示扫描dsc615通过semsem616水泥基cement617木材wood618分析tem619量热calorimetry620复合物composites621铁电薄膜ferroelectric622共混体系blends623先驱体precursor624晶态crystalline625冲击性能impact626离心centrifugal627断裂伸长率elongation628有机-无机organic-inorganic629块状bulk630相沉淀precipitation631织物fabric632因数coefficient633合成与表征synthesis634缺口notch635靶材target636弹性体elastomer637金属氧化物oxide638均匀化homogenization639吸收光谱absorption640磨损行为wear641高岭土kaolin642功能梯度材料fgm643滞后hysteresis644气凝胶aerogel645记忆性memory646磁流体magnetic647铁磁ferromagnetic648合金成分alloy649微米micron650蠕变性能creep留纞銅雀樓12:56:46651聚氯乙烯pvc652湮没annihilation653断裂力学fracture654滑移slip655差示扫描量热dsc656等温结晶crystallization657树脂基复合材料composite658阳极anodic659退火后annealing660发光性properties661木粉wood662交联crosslinking663过渡金属transition664无定形amorphous665拉伸试验tensile666溅射法sputtering667硅橡胶rubber668明胶gelatin669生物相容性biocompatibility670界面处interface671陶瓷复合材料composite672共沉淀法制coprecipitation673本构模型constitutive674合金材料alloy675磁矩magnetic676隐身stealth677比强度strength678改性研究modification 679采用粉末powder680晶粒细化grain681抗磨wear 682元合金alloy683剪切变形shear684高温超导superconducti ng685金红石型rutile686晶化行为crystallization 687催化性能catalytic688热挤压extrusion689微观microstructure 690tem观察tem691缺口冲击impact692生物材料biomaterials 693涂覆coating694纳米氧化nanometer 695x射线光电子能谱xps 696硅灰石wollastonite 697摩擦条件friction698衍射峰diffraction699块体材料bulk700溶质solute701冲击韧性impact702锐钛矿型anatase703凝固组织microstructure704磨损试验机tester705丙烯酸甲酯pmma706光谱raman707减振damping708聚酯polyester709体材料materials710航空aerospace711光吸收absorption712韧化toughening713疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue714超塑superplastic715凝胶法制备gel716半导体材料semiconductor717剪应力shear718发光材料luminescence719凝胶法制gel720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721硬质hard722摩擦性能friction723电致变色electrochromic724超细粉powder725增强相reinforced726薄带ribbons727结构弛豫relaxation728光学材料materials729sic陶瓷sic730纤维含量fiber731高阻尼damping732镍基nickel733热导thermal734奥氏体austenite735单轴uniaxial736超导电性superconductivity737高温氧化oxidation738树脂基体matrix739含能energetic740粘着adhesion741穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer742脱层delamination743反射率reflectivity744单晶高温合金superalloy745粘结bonded746快淬quenching747熔融插层intercalation748外加applied749钙钛矿结构perovskite750减摩friction751复合氧化物oxide古今名言敏而好学，不耻下问——孔子业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随——韩愈兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐——孔子己所不欲，勿施于人——孔子读书破万卷，下笔如有神——杜甫读书有三到，谓心到，眼到，口到——朱熹立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本——欧阳修读万卷书，行万里路——刘彝黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟——颜真卿书卷多情似故人，晨昏忧乐每相亲——于谦书犹药也，善读之可以医愚——刘向莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切——岳飞发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书——苏轼鸟欲高飞先振翅，人求上进先读书——李苦禅立志宜思真品格，读书须尽苦功夫——阮元非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远——诸葛亮熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟——孙洙《唐诗三百首序》书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难——陆游问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来——朱熹旧书不厌百回读，熟读精思子自知——苏轼书痴者文必工，艺痴者技必良——蒲松龄声明访问者可将本资料提供的内容用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本文档及相关权利人的合法权利。
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in solution介孔材料化学Mesoporous Chemistry超细颗粒化学Chemistry of ultrafine powder分散体系流变学The Rheolgy of Aqueous Dispersions量子化学Quantum Chemistry统计热力学Statistic Thermodynamics群论Group Theory分子模拟Molecular Modelling高等量子化学Advanced Quantum Chemistry价键理论方法Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用Software of Quantum Chemistry & its Application计算量子化学Computational Quantum Chemistry分子模拟软件及其应用Software of Molecular Modelling & its Application分子反应动力学Molecular Reaction Dynamic分子光谱学Molecular Spectrum算法语言Computational Languange高分子化学Polymer Chemistry高分子物理Polymer Physics腐蚀电化学Corrosion Electrochemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry结构化学structural Chemistry现代分析与测试技术(试验为主）Modern Analysis and Testing Technology（experime tally)高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry近代无机物研究方法Modern Research Methods for Inorganic Compounds萃取化学研究方法Research Methods for Extraction Chemistry单晶培养Crystal Culture固态化学Chemistry of Solid Substance液-液体系专论Discussion on Liquid-Liquid System配位化学进展Progress in Coordination Chemistry卟啉酞箐化学Chemistry of Porphyrine and 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第一章1 关键词：NanomaterialsScanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)Zero (one, two, three)-dimensionSize Effect - Kubo theory(1) Quantum size effect(2) Small size effectSurface effectCoulomb blockade and Quantum tunneling effectDielectric confinement effect纳米材料扫描隧道显微镜（STM）零（一，二，三）维尺寸效应 - 久保理论（1）量子尺寸效应（2）小尺寸效应表面效应库仑阻塞和量子隧道效应介电限域效应2 名词解释：（1）Nano” –From the Greek word for “dwarf” and means for 10-9, or one billionth. In this case it refers to 10-9 meters, or 1 nanometer (nm). 1 nm is about 3 atoms long.（2）Nanomaterials – Materials having a characteristic length scale less than about a hundred nanometers.（1）纳米“ - 从希腊字为”矮“和10-9，或十亿分之一的手段。
在这种情况下，它指的是10-9米，或1纳米（nm）。
1纳米是关于三原子长。
（2）纳米材料- 材料特征长度有规模比大约一百纳米以下。
这可能是一个尺度粒径，粒度，层厚，或在电子芯片导体线宽。
1. Size Effect - Kubo theory（课堂笔记）:尺寸效应：当纳米材料组成的尺寸如晶粒的尺寸，第二相离子的尺寸减小时，纳米材料的性能会发生变化，当组成相的尺寸小到于某一临界尺寸相当时，材料的性能将发生明显的变化或突变2. snall size effect 小尺寸效应：随着颗粒尺寸的量变，在一定条件会引起颗粒性质的质变，由于颗粒尺寸变小所引起的宏观物理性质的变化就成为小尺寸效应3. Coulomb blockade and Quantum tunneling 库伦阻塞量子隧穿效应：体系进入纳米体系是电荷量子化的，即充电和放电过程是不连续的，充入一个电子所需的能量Ec=e2/kc这个能量就成为库伦阻赛能，这就导致了一个销体系的充放电过程，电子不能集体传输，惹事一个个单电子的传输。
通常把销体系这种单电子输运行为成为库伦阻赛效应。
如果两个量子点通过一个结连接起来，一个量子点上的单个电子穿过能垒到另一个电子上的行为就成为量子隧穿效应。
4.Quantum size effect 量子尺寸效应：电子的能量被量子化，形成分离的电子态能级，电子在该系统中的运动受到约束，随着金属微粒尺寸的减小，金属费米能级附近的电子能级，由准连续变为离散能级的现象，以及半导体为例存在不连续的最高被占据分子轨道和最低未被占据分子轨道，能系变宽的现象。
5. Dielectric confinement effect介电限域效应：纳米微粒分散在异质介质中，由于界面引起的体系介电增强的现象6.surface effect:表面效应：纳米微粒尺寸与表面原子数的关系，表面含有大量的晶界，因而晶界上的院子占有相当高的比例。
第二章1关键词：●Clusters●Nanoparticle●Supersaturated Vapor●Heterogeneous nucleation●Homogeneous nucleation●Magic Numbers●团簇纳米粒子饱和蒸气非均相成核均相成核幻数2 (1) How do you build something so small?Top-down” – building something by starting with a larger component and carving away material (like a sculpture). 自顶向下“ - 通过启动建设具有较大的元件，雕刻了材料（如雕塑）的东西。
“Bottom-up” – building something by assembling smaller components (like building a car engine). “自下而上” - 建设以更小的元件组装（如建立汽车发动机）的东西。
3 .(1). NanoparticleA solid particle in the 1~100nm range that could be noncrystalline,an aggregate of crystallites, or a single crystallite(2.) Clusterssmaller nanoparticles containing fewer than 104 atoms or molecules.(3). Magic Numbersthe unusually high mass spectral abundances that occur for certain cluster sizes which represent special electronic or geometric configurations1。
纳米粒子一个在1〜100nm的范围内固体颗粒可非晶，微晶聚合的，或单一晶粒2。
团簇小含少于104纳米的原子或分子。
3。
幻数在异常高的质量，对某些簇大小，代表特殊的电子或几何构型谱丰度发生4 .two important differences between the nanoparticles and the clustersFirst, nanoparticles are usually larger than the clusters. They range in size from 1 to 100 nm.Secondly, in much larger quantities than the clustersReasonshigh particle density Out of the vacuum chamber纳米粒子之间的两个重要的区别和集群首先，纳米颗粒通常比大的集群。
它们的大小从1到100纳米。
其次，在更大的数量比集群原因：高密度颗粒走出真空室5.How to achieve supersaturation vapor?(1) the physical cooling of a vapor by sonic or supersonic expansiontechniques;(2) a gas phase chemical or photochemical reaction that can producenonvolatile condensable products;(3) directly by thermal evaporation, sputtering, or laserablation.（1）由音速或超音速扩展技术，蒸气物理降温;（2）气相化学或光化学反应，能产生挥发性凝产品;（3）热蒸发，溅射，直接或激光消融。
第三章1关键词：●Primary particles●Secondary particles●Precipitation●Agglomeration●Scanning electron microscope (SEM)●Transmission electron microscope (TEM)●High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM)初级粒子次级粒子降水凝聚扫描电子显微镜（SEM）透射电子显微镜（TEM）高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM2 .The advantages and potential difficulties答案：1. versatility in designing and synthesizing new materials2. the manipulation of matter at the molecular level3. molecular synthetic chemistry can be tailor designed toprepare novel starting components4. Better control of the particle size, shape, and sizedistribution can be achieved in particle synthesis1. 多功能性的设计和合成新材料2.是在分子水平上操纵物质3.合成化学分子设计，可定制的组件编写新的开始4.更好地控制粒子的大小，形状和尺寸分布可以实现粒子的合成3. Primary particles –含有低气体率的独立的粒子，颗粒内部可以有界面，如相界，晶界（一次颗粒）secondary particles：二次颗粒：认为制造的粉料团聚粒子4. Factors influencing the rate of precipitated reactionsFactors influencing the rate of reactions include the concentration of reactants, the reaction temperature, the pH, and the order in which the reagents are added to the solution影响因素包括反应率，反应物浓度，反应温度，pH值，反应物加入顺序5. The reasons of agglomerationAgglomeration of fine particles is caused by the attractive van der Waals force and/or the driving force that tends to minimize the total surface energy of the system.Repulsive interparticle forces are required to prevent the agglomeration of these particles细颗粒集聚是由吸引力范德华力和/或动力，往往以减少系统的总表面能。