定语从句的基本用法

定语从句的基本用法

先请认真阅读下列各句，下列各句中的黑体部分均为该句所包含的定语从句：

1.This is the teacher who played basketball with us yesterday.

2.Tom is the boy whom they are looking for.

3.The house , which they built last year looks very new.

4.Physics is the most interesting subject that we learnt in the middle school.

从以上各句中我们可以看出定语从句是用来修饰它前面的名词或代词的，它起着修饰或限定作用。当然定语从句也可以用来修饰一个句子，在此我们不作讨论。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词是一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，一般不能省略，拿掉后剩下的部分则没有意义，或者表述不清。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，拿掉以后剩下的部分仍然可以成立，常常用逗号将其隔开。例如：

This is the place where the Chinese Communist Party was founded. 此句中的定语从句是限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This is the place.一句没有意义。

This message was left by Xiao Wang, who telephoned you just now. 此句中的定语从句是非限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This message was left by Xiao Wang,一句仍有意义。

被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系副词。常见的关系代词和关系副词有who, whom,that,whose,which,where,when,why等。现在我们侧重讨论如何使用这些关系代词和关系副词。如果关系代词在从句中作主语时一般不能省略，而作宾语时一般可以省略。

一，关系代词who, whom的用法。

1.who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须表示人），在从句中可以担任主语。也可以在

从句中担任宾语，但是它的前面不能带介词，如果带介词则必须使用宾格whom。

whom在从句中只能担任宾语。例如：

a)This is the teacher who often tells us interesting stories in class.

b)Mary is the girl who/whom Tom wants to marry.

c)Mrs White is a teacher whom every student likes.

d)She is the girl with whom I will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

2.在定语从句中当先行词表示人时who和that是通用的。例如：

a)Miss Green is the new teacher who/that teaches us spoken English.

b)John’s father is an engineer who/that came to see him last Wednesday.

但在下列情况下则宜用who 而不用that。

1)先行词是one, ones, anyone时。如：

One who doesn’t study hard in his school time cann’t find a good job in the future. Ones who bought big and nice flat must have a lot of money.

Anyone who fails in this test will not be allowed to join in the national test.

2) 先行词是those时。如：

Those who want to go to the Great Wall should write the names here.

Those who were not fit their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.

3) 先行词是有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：

Yesterday I met a foreigner in a blue shirt who could speak very good Chinese.

4)当一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，而

另一个则用who，如：

The boy that I met last night is the head of the computer group who studies very hard.

5)在there be开头的句子中宜用who。如：

There is an old man who wants to see you.

There were two girls who came to school after7:45.

二，关系代词whose的用法。

whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物，相当与of whom, of which。如：

Einstein is the world famous scientist whose invention won the Nobel Prize in 1921.

= Einstein is the world famous scientist ,the invention of whom won the Nobel Prize in 1921.

China is an Asian country whose population is about 1.3 billion.

=China is an Asian country, the population of which is about 1.3 billion.

三，关系代词that的用法。

首先，要特别注意的是，通常情况下，that只能用于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句不用that。另外，介词后面不用that，而用which。例如：

The radio, which（此处不用that，因为它是非限制性定语从句）I bought last week doesn’t work .

I gave him a ticket for which(介词后不用that而用which) I paid 15 dollars.

在限制性定语从句中that和which在指代物时，一般可以通用，如：

The plane that/which has just taken off is half an hour late.

在下列情况下，只用that而不用which。