法律英语法律术语

1、TWO MAIN LEGAL FAMILIES

Common/English/English-American Law (Legal) System/Family普通法系

- case law system- Anglo-Saxon case-law system- Anglo-American legal system

Continental/Roman/Civil Law (Legal) System/Family大陆法系

- civilian legal system- civil-law system

2、civil law民法、国内法、罗马法、大陆法

3、substantive Law（实体法）VS procedural Law（程序法）

4、case law（案例法）vs. statutory law（成文法）

statutory / written / codified / enacted law制定法、成文法

5、adversary trial system（对抗制）vs. inquisitorial system （纠问制）

6、jury trial system陪审团制度

7、The reports of the United States Supreme Court联邦最高法院判例汇编

The reports of some States州法院判例汇编

8、legal cases法律案例

9、private law and / vs. public law

10、the statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law

（其成文法继续适用通过判例法(注：即先例)进行的有约束力的解释）

11、Common law (in narrow sense):

- common general law

- local law

- itinerant judges of the English royal court

- enforcement of a claim

- special form of action: writ

- classical Roman law

- Provisions of Oxford (1258)牛津条例

- “writ upon the case”本案令状

12、enforcement 强制执行；claim 请求；action 诉讼行为；writ 法院令状；recourse 追索权；追索，追偿

13、Equity law衡平法

- “ equity ”——doing equity

- chancellor

- relief 救济

- judiciary

- Court of Chancery （衡平法院）and / vs. ordinary common law courts

-maxim

- fixed, inflexible

- equitable doctrines (e.g. law of salvage at sea)

- In a conflict between law & equity,equity should prevail.

14、award

compensatory, compensate

damages

specific performance特定履行|实际履行

injunction强制令

real/immoveable property（不动产）and / vs. personal/moveable property （动产）

15、c ommon law remedy/relief:普通法救济

- (compensatory) damages金钱赔偿

16、e quity/equitable remedies/relief:衡平法救济

- injunction ( a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act)强制令

- specific performance (a party to an agreement is ordered by the court to perform his obligations according to the terms of the agreement)

- restitution

17、judicial

express （明示）vs. implied （默示）

provision, provide

jurisdiction 管辖区域,法域; (司法）管辖权

civil suit民事诉讼

title

the law of property财产法

before the judge在法庭上

17、a pply/applicable/available适用于

be subject to受。。。。的约束

●This case is subject to Chinese law.

受……约束，引申为适用

●Chinese law applies / is applicable to / is available to this case.

适用于

18、precedent先例

judge-made law法官制定的法律

make the law制定法律

usage

term

connote / mean

in contrast to, as contrasted with

subject matter标的

19、Two parallel court systems(Double Track system)双轨制

●Federal Court System联邦法院系统

- U.S. / Federal District Court联邦地区法院

- U.S. / Federal Court of Appeals联邦上诉法院

- U.S. / Federal Supreme Court联邦最高法院

●State Court System州法院系统

- Trial / circuit Court审判法院|巡回法院

- State Appellate Court (Court of Appeals)上诉法院

- State Supreme Court最高法院

20、Separation of powers

- Legislative branch: Congress

- Executive branch: President

- Judicial branch: Courts

Checks and Balances

Judicial Review

- the ability of a court to decide on the constitutionality of legislation

21、美国的法官

●联邦和州最高法院的法官

●——大法官，justice Chief Justice Associate Justice