电气专业英语翻译

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电气专业英语单词翻译

电气专业英语单词翻译

A priori knowledge 先验知识Actuator 执行器Ad hoc 尤其关于Addition 加Ambient 环境的Americana 美国志书Analog-to-digital converter ,模拟数字转换器Antenna 天线Arrangement 方案Automate 使自动化Averaging 求平均值Be subtracted from 减Binary 二进制的Bus network 总线网Carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡Carrier frequency 载频Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection 载波监听,多址访问Cellular telephone 蜂窝式电话系统Circuit components 电路元件Circuit diagram 电路图Circuit parameters 电路参数Close-loop control 闭环控制Common media 公共媒体Common reference 参考点Conductance 电导Conductor 导体Consistently 稳定,协调Constant coefficient system 常系数系统Control installation 控制装置Convention 惯例Conventional 常见的Conversion 转换Correct 校正Corresponding to 相应的Crossbar switch 纵横切换器Differential input 差动输入Differentiation 微分Digital-to-analog converter 数字模拟转换器Dimensional 量纲的Direct-current circuit 直流电路Discrete-time system 离散时间系统Discrimination 分辨力鉴别力Displacement current 位移电流Distinction 区别Disturb 扰动Dummy 假的,假装的Dynamic behavior 动态行为Electric circuit 电路Electric energy 电能Electrical device 电气设备Electrical pressure transducer 压电传感器Electromotive force 电动势Electronic analog 电子模拟Encyclopedia 百科全书Energy converter 电能转换器Energy source 电源Ergonomic 人类工程学的Error 误差Excursion 偏差Existing value 实际值External characteristic 外特性Facsimile 传真Factor 系数,因率数Feedback 反馈Feedback component 反馈元件Frequency counter 频率计数器Frequency-domain 频域Function 功能Generator 发电机Graphic panel 图式仪表盘Heating appliance 电热器High definition television 高清电视Hybrid system 混合系统Ideal amplifier 理想放大器Immunity 不敏感性Income 输入Indicator 指示Inertia 惯性Inertia reference frame 惯性参考坐标系Infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益Initial voltage 初始电压Input quantity 输入量Integrated service digital network综合业务数据网Integration 积分Internal combustion engine 内燃机Interruption 阻断Intervention 介入Inverting amplifier 反相放大器Inverting terminal 反相端Linear vector space 线性向量空间Linearization 线性化Load characteristic 负载特性Load resistance 负载特性Logic level 逻辑电平Logistic 后勤的Lower limit on the integration 积分下限Low-order system 低阶系统Low-pass filter 低通滤波器Machine tool 机床Magnetic and electric field 电磁场Manual 手工Manufacturer’s data sheet 铭牌Mathematical operation 数字运算Measuring technique 测试技术Megohm 兆欧Metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡Metropolitan area network 城域网Microvolt 微伏Modern control theory 现代控制理论Multiplexer 多路切换器Multiplication 乘Negative-feedback signal 负反馈信号Noise 噪声Noninverting terminal 非反相端Nonlinear 非线性的Off-set 失常点Offset=bias 偏置On-line system 联机系统Ono-linear characteristics 非线性特性Open loop gain 开环增益Open-loop control 开环控制Operational amplifier 运算放大器Optimal control 最优控制Opto-isolator 观点耦合器Order 数量级Outset 开始Parallel digital signal 并行数字信号Pervasive 普遍性的Phase reversal 反相Phase-plane method 像平面方法Potentiometer 电位计Preset 预先装置Primary cell 原生电池Private networks 专业网络Public network 公用网络Radix-weighted 基数加权Rated 额定的Research and design 研发Resolution 分辨力Ring network 环形网Scaling 量程调整Schematic 纲要的Schmitt-trigger 施密特触发器Secondary cell 再生电池Self-(or mutual-) induction 自(互)感Self-acting 自动做Self-moving 自运动Servooperated null-balance potentiometer 伺服驱动零平衡电位差计Shaft encoder 转轴编码的Shunt connection 并联连接Signal conditioning 信号调理Signal conditioning 信号处理Simultaneous equations 联立方程Single-ended output 单端输出Sink 灌入Source 从出来Span 量程Specification 参数Square root extraction 开平方State variable method 状态变量方法Storage battery 蓄电池Strain gage 应变仪Strip chart 长条记录纸Substrate 底层基片Subtraction 减Synchros 感应同步器System buses 系统总线Telecommunication 远程通信Terminal voltage 端电压The dielectric 电介质Time-domain technique 时间域技术Time-invariant 定常的Time-varying parameter 时变参数Timing circuit 计时电路Token 令牌Topology 拓扑Transducer 传感器Transfer function 传递函数Transformer 变压器Triangular symbol 三角符号Uncertainty 不确定性Unidirectional current 单方向性电流Upgrade 升级Virtual 虚的Virtual ground 虚地Voltage drop 电压降Volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性Wire 导线Zero adjustment 零位调整。

电气工程专业英语翻译

电气工程专业英语翻译

实用资料:电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考专业外语:Professional English电路(上) electrical circuit (I)电路(下) electrical circuit (II)金工实习 machinery practice电机(上) electrical machinery (I)电工实验与测试 electrical experiment & test电子综合实践 integrated electronic practice信号与系统 signal & system电子技术基础(模拟) fundamentals of electronic (analog)电磁场electromagnetic field电子技术实验 electronic experiment(I)电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I)发电厂动力工程基础 Heat power engineering in generating plant企业管理 enterprise management电气主系统electrical system principle电力系统稳态/暂态分析 Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护 Power System Relaying Protection电力系统潮流计算机分析:Computer Analysis of Power Flow数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique微机原理 microcomputer principle电子技术基础(数字) fundamentals of electronic (digital)自动控制 automatic control theory电力系统分析 electric power system analysis电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II)电气主系统课程设计 electrical system principle-course design电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II)通信与计算机网络 communication & computer networks电力系统继电保护 electric power system relaying电力系统继电保护 Power System Protective Relaying电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol生产实习productive practice Technology继电保护课程设计 electric power system relaying-course design电力电子技术 power electronics电力电子技术基础:Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology电力电子课程设计 Power electronics course design电力系统自动控制 electric power system control & automation高电压技术 High voltage engineering Technology变电站自动化 substation automation电力经济 electric power system economics电能质量控制 electric power quality control配电网自动化 distribution system automation电力系统新技术 new techniques on electric power system控制电机 electrical machine control调度自动化与能量管理 energy management & automation灵活交流输电系统 flexible AC transmission system计算机保护 computer protection电力系统电磁兼容 EMC in electric power system毕业实习graduation practice毕业设计graduation dissertation数字信号处理:Digital Signal Processing自动控制理论:Automatic Control Theory电气工程基础:Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering电磁场概论:Introduction to Electro-Magnetic Field计算机继电保护:Microcomputer-Based Relaying Protection电气设备的绝缘检测与故障诊断:Insulation Diagnostics and Troubl-Shooting for Electrical Installations电网规划:Power System Planning可编程控制器原理及应用:Principles of PLC (Programmable logic Controller) And Application电磁场数值计算:Numerical Computation of Electro-Magnetic Field电力系统继电保护:Relay Protection of Power System电力系统自动装置原理 The Principle of Electric Power System Automatic Equipment 电力通信系统及调度自动化:Power System Communication and Dispatching Automatic专业方向电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology。

电气专业英语课文翻译

电气专业英语课文翻译

An electric circuit (or network) is an interconnection of physical electrical device. The purpose of electric circuits is to distribute and convert energy into some other forms. Accordingly , the basic circuit components are an energy source (or sources), an energy converter (or converters) and conductors connecting them. 电路(或者网络)是物理电气设备的一种互相连接。

电路的目的是为了将能量分配和转换到另外一种形式中。

因此,基本的电路元件包括电源、电能转换器以及连接它们的导体。

式中。

因此,基本的电路元件包括电源、电能转换器以及连接它们的导体。

An energy source (a primary or secondary cell, a generator and the like) converts chemical, mechanical, thermal or some some other other other forms forms forms of of of energy energy energy into into into electric electric electric energy. energy. An energy energy converter, converter, converter, also also also called called called load load load (such (such (such as as as a a a lamp, lamp, lamp, heating heating appliance or electric motor), converts electric energy into light, heat, mechanical work and so on. 电源(原生电池或者再生电池、发电机等类似装备)将化学能量、机械能量,热能或者其他形式的能量转换成电能。

电气信息类专业英语翻译

电气信息类专业英语翻译

Lesson 1 electronic network1、短语及词汇:Electronic circuit or network ——电路或电网络Passive network ——无源网络 active network ——有源网络V oltage source ——电压源 current source ——电流源in the case of …——就…来说 Rather than ——是…而不是… of interest ——有价值的;使人感兴趣的;有意义的;2、重点句型(1)in the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationgship is given by ohm ’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.就电阻来说,电压电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。

欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值(2)it may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit.或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的是电感电压而不是电感电流3、文章内容翻译(见参考译文并在课堂上讲解)对应译文:电网络电路或电网络是由电阻、电感和电容等器件以某种方式联接在一起所组成的。

如果电网络中不包含任何能源,比如电池和发电机,就叫做无源网络。

相反,如果存在一个或多个能源,则组合的系统(电网络)则称为有源网络。

当研究电网络的特性时,我们感兴趣的是电路中的电压和电流。

既然网络是由无源元件组成的,我们就必须首先来定义它们的电特性。

电气工程专业英语汉语及翻译

电气工程专业英语汉语及翻译

电气工程专业英语姓名:吕海龙学号:20080345班级:08电气专业:电气工程及其自动化Electric Devices and SystemsAlthough transformers have no moving parts , they are essential to electromechanical energy conversion . They make it possible to increase or decrease the voltage lever that results in low costs ,and can be distributed and used safely . In addition , they can provide matching of impedances , and regulate the flow of power in a network.When we see a transformer on a utility pole all we is a cylinder with a few w ires sticking out. These wires enter the transformer through bushings that provide isolation between the wires and the tank. Inside the tank these is an iron core linking coils, most probably made with copper, and insulated. The system of insulation is also associated with that of cooling the core/coil assembly. Often the insulation is paper, and the whole assembly may be immersed in insulating oil, used to both increase the dielectric strength of the paper and to transfer beat from the core-coil assembly to the outer walls of the tank to air. Figure shows the cutout of a typical distribution transformer.Few ideal versions of human constructions exist, and the transformer offers no exception. An ideal transformer is based on very simple concepts, and a large number of assumptions. This is the transformer one learns about in high school.Let us take an iron core with infinite permeability and two coils wound around it, one with N1 and the other with N2 turns, as shown in figure. All the magnetic flux is to remain in the iron. We assign sots at one terminal of each coil in the following fashion: if the flux in the core changes, inducing a voltage in the coils, and the dotted terminal of one coil is positive with respect its other terminal, so is the dotted terminal of the other coil. Or, the corollary to this, current into dotted terminals produces flux in the same direction,Assume that somehow a time varying flux is established in the iron. Then the flux linkages in each coil will be. V oltages will be induced in these two coil.On the other hand, currents flowing in the coils are related to the field intensity H. if currents flowing in the direction shown, i1 into the dotted terminal of coil 1, and i2 out of the dotted terminal of coil 2. we recognize that this is practically impossible, but so is the existence of an ideal transformer.Equations describe this ideal transformer, a two port network. The symbol of a network that is defined by these two equations is in the figure. An ideal transformer has an interesting characteristic. A two-port network that contains it and impedances can be replaced by an equivalent other, as discussed below. Consider the circuit in figure. Seen as a two port network. Generally a circuit on a side 1 can be transferred to side 2 by multiplying its component impedances , the voltage sources and the current sources, while keeping the topology the same.To develop the equivalent for a transformer we’ll gradually relax the assumptions that we had first imposed. First we’ll relax the assumption that the permeability of the iron is infinite. In that case equation does not revert to, but rather it becomes where is the reluctance of the path around the core of the transformer and the flux on this path. To preserve the ideal transformer equations as part of our new transformer, we can split i1 to two components: one i1, will satisfy the ideal transformer equation, and the other, i1 will just balance the right hand side. The figure shows this.We can replace the current source, i1 , with something simpler if we remember that the rate of change of flux is related to the induced voltage.Since the current i1 flows through something , where the voltage across it Is proportional to its derivative, we can consider that this something could be an inductance. This idea gives rise tothe equivalent circuit in figure,. Let us now relax the assumption that all the flux has to remain in the iron as shown in figure. Let us call the flux in the iron, magnetizing flux, the flux that leaks out of the core and links only coil 1. since links only coil 1, then it should be related only to the current there, and the same should be true for the second leakage flux.Again for a given frequency, the power losses in the core increase with the voltage. These losses cannot be allowed to exceed limit, beyond which the temperature of the hottest spot in the transformer will rise above the point that will decrease dramatically the life of the insulation. Limits therefore are put to E1 and E2, and these limits are the voltage limits of the transformer.Similarly, winding Joule losses have to be limited, resulting in limits to the currents I1 and I2.Typically a transformer is described by its rated voltages, that give both the limits and turns radio. The ratio of the rated currents is the inverse of the ratio of the voltages if we neglect the magnetizing current. Instead of the transformer rated currents, a transformer is described by its rated apparent power.Under rated conditions, maximum current and voltage, in typical transformers the magnetizing current, does not exceed 1% of the current in the transformer. Its effect therefore in the voltage drop on the leakage inductance and winding resistance is negligible.Under maximum current, total voltage drops on the winding resistances and leakage inductances do not exceed in typical transformer 6% of the rated voltage. The effect therefore of the winding current on the voltages E1 and E2 is small, and their effect on the magnetizing current can be neglected.These considerations allow us to modify the equivalent circuit in figure, to obtain the slightly inaccurate but much more useful equivalent circuits in figures.Adjustable Speed DrivesBy definition, adjustable speed drives of any type provide a means of variably changing speed to better match operating requirements. Such drives are available in mechanical, fluid and electrical typed.The most common mechanical versions use combinations of belts and sheaves, or chains and sprockets, to adjust speed in set, selectable ratios-2:1,4:1,8:1 and so forth. Traction drives, a more sophisticated mechanical control scheme, allow incremental speed adjustments. Here, output speed is varied by changing the contact points between metallic disks, or between balls and cones.Adjustable speed fluid drives provide smooth, stepless adjustable speed control. There are three major types. Hydrostatic drives use electric motors or internal combustion engines as prime movers in combination with hydraulic pumps, which in turn drive hydraulic motors. Hydrokinetic and hydroviscous drives directly couple input and output shafts. Hydrokinetic versions adjust speed by varying the amount of fluid in a vortex that serves as the input-to-output coupler. Hydroviscous drives, also called oil shear drives, adjust speed by controlling oil-film thickness, and therefore slippage, between rotating metallic disk.An eddy current drive, while technically an electrical drive, nevertheless functions much like a hydrokinetic or hydrovidcous fluid drive in that it serves as a coupler between a prime mover and driven load. In an eddy current drive, the coupling consists of a primary magnetic field and secondary fields created by induced eddy currents. They amount of magnetic slippage allowed among the fields controls the driving speed.In most industrial applications, mechanical, fluid or eddy current drives are paired with constant-speed electric motors. On the other hand, solid state electrical drives, create adjustable speed motors, allowing speeds from zero RPM to beyond the motor’s base speed. Controlling the speed of the motor has several benefits, including increased energy efficiency by eliminating energy losses in mechanical speed changing devices. In addition, by reducing, or often eliminating, the need for wear-prone mechanical components, electrical drives foster increased overall system reliability, as well as lower maintenance costs. For these and other reasons, electrical drives are the fastest growing type of adjustable speed drive..There are two basic drive types related to the type of motor controlled-dc and AC. A DC direct current drive controls the speed of a DC motor by varying the armature voltage (and sometimes also the field voltage ). An alternating current drive controls the speed of an AC motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the motor.Direct current drives are easy to apply and technologically straightforward, They work by rectifying AC voltage from the power line to DC voltage, then feeding adjustable voltage to a DC motor. With permanent magnet DC motors, only the armature voltage is controlled. The more voltage supplied, the faster the armature turns. With wound-field motors, voltage must be supplied to both the armature and the field. In industry, the following three types of DC drives are most common, as shown in the figure.Drives: these are named for the silicon controlled rectifiers (also called thyristors ) used to convert AC to controlled voltage DC. Inexpensive and easy to use, these drives come in a variety of enclosures, and in unidirectional or reversing styles.Regenerative SCR Drives: Also called four quadrant drives, these allow the DC motor to provide both motoring and braking torque, Power coming back from the motor during braking is regenerated back to the power line and not lost.Pulse Width Modulated DC Drives: Abbreviated PWM and also called, generically, transistorized DC drives, these provide smoother speed control with higher efficiency and less motor heating, Unlike SCR drives, PWM types have three elements. The first converts AC to DC, the second filters and regulates the fixed DC voltage, and the third controls average voltage by creating a stream of variable width DC pulses. The filtering section and higher level of control modulation account for the PWM drive’s improved performance compared with a common SCR drive.AC drive operation begins in much the same fashion as a DC drive. Alternating line voltage is first rectified to produce DC. But because an AC motor is used, this DC voltage must be changed back, of inverted, to an adjustable-frequency alternating voltage. The drive’s inverter section accomplishes this, In years past, this was accomplished using SCR. However, modern AC drives use a series of transistors to invert DC to adjustable-Frequency AC. An example is shown in figure.This synthesized alternating current is then fed to the AC motor at the frequency and voltage required to produce the desired motor speed. For example, a 60 Hz synthesized frequency, the same as standard line frequency in the United states, produces 100% of rated motor speed. A lower frequency produces a lower speed, and a higher frequency a higher speed. In this way, an AC drive can produce motor speeds from, approximately,15 to200% of a motor’s normally rated RPM-- by delivering frequencies of 9 HZ to 120 Hz, respectively.Today, AC drives are becoming the systems of choice in many industries,. Their use ofsimple and rugged three-phase induction motor means that AC drive systems are the most reliab le and least maintenance prone of all. Plus, microprocessor advancements have enabled the creation of so-called vector drives, which provide greatly enhance response, operation down to zero speed and positioning accuracy. V ector drives, especially when combined with feedback devices such as tachometers, encoders and resolvers in a closed-loop system, are continuing to replace DC drives in demanding applications. An Example is shown in the figure.By far the most popular AC drive today is the pulse width modulated type. Though originally developed for smaller-horsepower applications, PWM is now used in drives of hundreds or even thousands of horsepower—as well as remaining the staple technology in the vast majority of small integral and fractional horsepower ―micro‖ and ―sub-micro‖ AC drives, as shown in the figure.Pulse width modulated refers to the inverter’s ability to vary the output voltage to the motor by altering the width and polarity of voltage pulses, The voltage and frequency are synthesized using this stream of voltage pulses. This is accomplished through microprocessor commands to a series of power semiconductors that serve as on-off switches. Today, these switches are usually IGBTs, of isolated gate bipolar transistor. A big advantage to these devices is their fast switching speed resulting in higher pulse of carrier frequency, which minimizes motor noise.Power semiconductor devicesThe modern age of power electronics began with the introduction of thyristors in the late 1950s. Now there are several types of power devices available for high-power and high-frequency applications. The most notable power devices are gate turn-off thyristor, power darlington transistors, power mosfets, and insulated-gate bipolar transistors. Power semiconductor devices are the most important functional elements in all power conversion applications. The power devices are mainly used as switches to convert power from one form to another. They are used in motor control systems, uninterrupted power supplies, high-voltage dc transmission, power supplies, induction heating, and in many other power conversion applications. A review of the basic characteristics of these power devices is presented in this section.The thyristor, also called a silicon-controlled rectifier, is basically a four-layer three-junction pn device. It has three terminals: anode, cathode, and gate. The device is turned on by applying a short pulse across the gate and cathode. Once the device turns on, the gate loses its control to turn off the device. The turn-off is achieved by applying a reverse voltage across the anode and cathode. The thyristors symbol and its volt-ampere characteristics are shown in the figure. There are basically two classifications of thyristors: converter grade and inverter grade. The difference between a converter-grade and an inverter-grade thyristor is the low turn –off time (on the order of a few microseconds) for the latter. The converter-grade thyristors are slow type and are used in natural commutation (or phase-controlled) applications. Inverter-grade thyristors are used in forced commutation applications such as dc-dc choppers and dc-ac inverters. The inverter-grade thyristors are turned off by forcing the current to zero using an external commutation circuit. This requires additional commutating components, thus resulting in additional losses in the inverter.Thyristors are highly rugged devices in terms of transient currents, di / dt, and dv/dt capability. The forward voltage drop in thyristors is about 1.5 to 2 V, and even at higher currents of the order of 100 A, it seldom exceeds 3 V. While the forward voltage determines the on-state power loss of the device at any given current, the switching power loss becomes a dominating factor affecting the device junction temperature at high operating frequencies. Because of this, themaximum switching frequencies possible using thyristors are limited in comparison with other power devices considered in this section.Thyristors have withstand capability and can be protected by fuses. The nonrepetitive surge current capability for thyristors is about 10 times their rated root mean square current. They must be protected by snubber networks for dv/dt and di/dt effects. If the specified dv/dt is exceeded, thyristors may start conducting without applying a gate pulse. In dc-to-ac conversion applications it is necessary to use an antiparalled diode of similar rating across each main thyristor. Thyristors are available up to 6000 V, 3500 A.Power mosfets are marketed by different manufacturers with differences in internal geometry and with different names such as megamos, hexfet, sipmos, and tmos. They have unique features that make them potentially attractive for switching applications. They are essentially voltage-driven rather than current-driven devices, unlike bipolar transistors.The gate of a mosfet is isolated electrically from the source by a layer of silicon oxide. The gate draws only a minute leakage current of the order of nanoamperes. Hence the gate drive circuit is simple and power loss in the gate control circuit is practically negligible. Although in steady state the gate draws virtually no current, this is not so under transient conditions. The gate-to-source and gate-to-drain capacitances have to be charged and discharged appropriately to obtain the desired switching speed, and the drive circuit must have a sufficiently to output impedance to supply the required charging and discharging currents. The circuit symbol of a power mosfet is shown in the figure.Power mosfets are majority carrier devices, and there is no minority carrier storage time. Hence they have exceptionally fast rise and fall times. They are essentially resistive devices when turned on, while bipolar transistors present a more or less constant over the normal operating range. Power dissipation in mosfets is I, and in bipolar it is Ic, and in bipolar it is Id. At low currents, therefore, a power mosfet may have a lower conduction loss than a comparable bipolar device, but at higher currents, the conduction loss will exceed that of bipolar. Also, the R increases with temperature.An important feature of a power mosfet is the absence of a secondary breakdown effect, which is present in a bipolar transistor, and as a result, it has an extremely rugged switching performance. In mosfets, R increases with temperature, and thus the current is automatically diverted away from the hot spot. The drain body junction appears as an antiparalled diode between source and drain. Thus power mosfet will not support voltage in the reverse direction. Although this in verse diode is relatively fast, it is slow by comparison with the mosfet. Recent devices have the didde recovery time as low as 100 ns. Since mosfet cannot be protected by fuses, an electronic protection technique has to be used.With the advancement in MOS technology, ruggedized MOSF are replacing the conventional MOSEFs. The need to ruggedize power MOSFETs is related to device reliability. If a MOSFET is operating within its specification range at all times, its chances for failing catastrophically are minimal. However, if its absolute maximum rating is exceeded, failure probability increases dramatically. Under actual operating conditions, a MOSFET may be subjected to transients—either externally from the power bus supplying the circuit or from the circuit itself due, for example, to inductive kicks going beyond the absolute maximum ratings. Such conditions are likely in almost every application, and in most cases are beyond a designer’s control. Rugged devices are made to be more tolerant for over-voltage transients. Ruggedness is the ability of aMOSFET to operate in an environment of dynamic electrical stresses, without activating any of the parasitic bipolar junction transistors. The rugged device can withstand higher levels of diode recovery dv/dt and static dv/dt.(单词量:3115)译文:变压器尽管变压器没有旋转的不见,但是它在本质上还是属于几点能量交换设备。

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电气工程词汇voltage电压diode二极管current电流potentiometer电位器resistance电阻step-uptransformer升压变压器reactance电抗powersystem电力系统,电网impedance阻抗transmissionline输电线conductance电导breaker断路器inductance电感relay继电器inductor电感器demodulator解调器capacitance电容radiator散热器capacitive电容性的,电容的ventilation通风,换气,通风装置shuntcapacitor并联电容器alternatingrelay交流继电器shunt并联integratedcircuitamplifier集成电路放大器series串联transistoramplifier晶体管放大器seriescircuit串联电路terminal端子parallelcircuit并联电路amplifier/magnifier放大器conductor导线cablen电缆v架设电缆voltmeter电压表fuse保险丝熔断器ammeter电流表interface接口arc电弧amplitude振幅幅度波幅chargen电荷v充电,带电,起电digitalsignal数字信号dischargev放电coupling耦合bridge电桥intermittent周期的valve电子管dislocation错位deenergize断路malfunction故障dielectric不导电的/绝缘的medium介质generator发电机screen屏蔽motor电动机dampen阻尼audion三极管socket插孔groundplane接地层alternatingcurrent交流电流three-phasen三相inverting反相potentialdifference电位差outofphase异相activeelement有源元件self-inductor自感idealindependentsource理想独立电源mutual-inductor互感watthourmeter感应线圈ampere安培frequencychanger变频器coulomb库仑controlswitch控制开关joule焦耳selectorswitch选择开关resistor电阻器currenttransformer电流互感器charger充电器powertransformer电力变压器semiconductor半导体phasevoltage相电压absolutevalue绝对值constantvoltagesource恒定电压源operatingsupplyvoltage电源工作电压专业词汇Isolator刀闸(隔离开关)定串联电容补偿Susceptance电纳voltagestability电压稳定regulator稳压器anglestability功角稳定admittance导纳installedcapacity装机容量rectifier整流器transformersubstation变电站busbar母线degreeofcompensation补偿度analogsignal模拟信号linedropcompensation(LDC)线路补偿asynchronism异步器synchronization同步circuittheorems电路定理armature电枢superpositiontheorem叠加定理attenuate衰减substitutiontheorem替代定理steam-turbine-drivengenerator气轮发thevenin-NortonTheorem戴维宁定理电机electromagnetism电磁;电磁学turbinegenerator涡轮发电机low-frequencyamplifier低频放大器magneticflux磁通量low-frequencybypass低频旁路oscilloscope示波器voltagedistortion交流电压校准器oscillator震荡器SingleChipMicroprocessor(SCM)单片机multimeter万用表alternatingcurrent(AC)交流/交流电overlay叠加效果adjustablepressureconveyor调压输送ratedpower额定功率机poweramplifier功率放大器allowableloadimpedance允许的负载阻activevoltage有效电压抗voltagetocurrentconverter电压电流closedloopcontrol闭环控制变换器closedloopvoltagegain闭环电压增益transformersubstation变电站closed-loopgain死循环增益regulation调节clutch离合器/联轴器degreeofcompensation补偿度commutator/rectifier整流器highvoltageshuntreactor高抗cutoffvoltage临界电压reactivepowercompensation无功补偿cut-involtage闭合电压three-columntransformer三绕组变压器dielectricadj.不导电的/绝缘的double-columntransformer双绕组变压器dielectricpuncture击穿power-factor功率因数electricaldurability电寿命(万次)voltagegrade电压等级electromagneticresonance电磁感应no-loadcurrent空载电流electromotiveforce电动力/电动势impedance阻抗positivecharge正电荷positivesequenceimpedance正序阻抗negativecharge负电荷negativesequenceimpedance负序阻抗AutomaticGenerationControl(AGC)自动zerosequenceimpedance零序阻抗发电控制susceptance电纳PowerSystemStabilizator(PSS)电力系stator定子统稳定器highvoltage高压polyphase多相(的) fixedseriescapacitorcompensation固iron-loss铁损armaturecircuit电枢电路interface接口dynamicresponse动态响应demodulator解调器timeinvariantadj.时不变的balanceindicator交流平衡指示器self-inductor自感currentcalibrator交流电流校准器mutual-inductor互感resistancebox交流电阻箱polarity极性voltagedistortion交流电压校准器ventilation通风,换气,通风装置standardresistor交流标准电阻器low-frequencybypass低频旁路directcurrent(DC)直流电powerpool联合电力系统;联合电网eddycurrent涡流electromagnetism电磁;电磁学corridor通路core/shellforme铁心式/壳式inducedcurrent感生电流potentialdifference电位差laminatedcore叠片铁芯dualin-linepackages双列直插式组件left-handrule左手定则automaticcontrolsystem自动控制系统volt-amperecharacteristics伏安特性torquemotor力矩电动机simulationanalysis仿真分析amplifierusingdiscrete分离元件放大onemachine-infinitybussystem单机器无穷大系统potentiometer电位器ElectricalMachinery电机学voltage-currentcharacteristic伏安特AutomaticControlTheory自动控制理论性ElectrotechnicsPrincipleofCircuits topology拓扑电工学termocouple热电偶ElectricalDriveandControl电力传动与exitation激发;激励;干扰控制air-gap气隙brownout节约用电polyphasen.多相adj.多相的cathode阴板、负极breakdowntorque失步转矩cationexchanger阳离子交换器locked-rotortorque止转转矩circuitbreaker电路断路器nominalfrequency额定频率circuitdiagram电路图subtransmission二次输电coaxialcable同轴电缆hydro-generation水力发电coolingtower冷却塔feeder馈线;馈电电路intermediaterelay中间继电器thermalunit热力机组jumper跳线、跨接activepowerbalance有功功率平衡lightningarrestor避雷器load-frequencycontrol(LFC)负荷频率installedcapacity装机容量控制instrumentpanel仪表盘sychronouscondenser同步调相机tap-changingtransformer可调分接头变压器tapcoil跳闸线圈magneticaircircuitbreaker磁吹断路器automaticgenerationcontrol(AGC)自动发电控制circuitboard电路板i nstantaneouspower瞬时功率lossofexcitation励磁损失manualreject手动切换overheadline架空线plantloadfactor电厂负荷因数potentialtransformer电压互感器overspeedtrip超速跳闸pyod热电偶safepotential安全电压shield屏蔽层WORD格式singlebladeswitch单刀开关starconnectedsystem星形连接制"Y"staticstorage静态存储器stationcapacity发电厂容量step-downtransformer降压变压器substation变电站、子站subtransmission二次输电thermalpowerplant热力发电厂thumbrule安培右手定则trip跳闸、断开starconnectedsystem星形连接制"Y"A/Cadaptor电源适配器analogtodigital模拟/数字转换acinducedpolarizationinstrument交流激电仪adjustablepressureconveyor调压输送机allowableloadimpedance允许的负载阻抗chargeneutrality电中性区ChargeTerminationVoltage允电端电压/允电端接电压circuitdiagram电路板circuitswitching电路交换closed-loopvoltagegain死循环电压增益connectors插接器constantvoltagemodulation稳压调节currentattenuation电流减衰装置CurrentbyPhase(AMP)每相电流currentlimitativerange电流限制范围cutoffvoltage临界电压cut-involtage闭合电压DischargeTerminationVoltage放电端电压dropoutvoltage跌落电压eddycurrent涡电流electormagneticbrakingsytem电磁制动系统electricdipole电偶极子electricshielding电屏蔽FrequencyHopping跳频input-outputcontrolsystem(IOCS)输入输出控制系统offsetvoltage失调电压。

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电气工程词汇voltage 电压current 电流resistance 电阻reactance 电抗impedance 阻抗conductance 电导inductance 电感inductor 电感器capacitance 电容capacitive 电容性的,电容的shunt capacitor 并联电容器shunt 并联series 串联series circuit 串联电路parallel circuit 并联电路conductor 导线voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表arc 电弧charge n 电荷v充电,带电,起电discharge v 放电bridge 电桥valve 电子管deenergize 断路dielectric 不导电的/绝缘的generator 发电机motor 电动机audion 三极管diode 二极管potentiometer 电位器step-up transformer 升压变压器power system 电力系统,电网transmission line 输电线breaker 断路器relay 继电器demodulator 解调器radiator 散热器ventilation 通风,换气,通风装置alternating relay 交流继电器integrated circuit amplifier 集成电路放大器transistor amplifier 晶体管放大器terminal 端子amplifier/magnifier 放大器cable n 电缆v架设电缆fuse 保险丝熔断器interface 接口amplitude 振幅幅度波幅digital signal 数字信号coupling 耦合intermittent 周期的dislocation 错位malfunction 故障medium 介质screen 屏蔽dampen 阻尼socket 插孔ground plane 接地层three-phasen 三相potential difference 电位差active element 有源元件ideal independent source 理想独立电源watt hour meter 感应线圈frequency changer 变频器control switch 控制开关selector switch 选择开关current transformer 电流互感器power transformer 电力变压器phase voltage 相电压constant voltage source 恒定电压源alternating current 交流电流inverting 反相out of phase 异相self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感ampere 安培coulomb 库仑joule 焦耳resistor 电阻器charger 充电器semiconductor 半导体absolute value 绝对值operating supply voltage 电源工作电压专业词汇Isolator 刀闸(隔离开关) Susceptance 电纳regulator 稳压器admittance 导纳rectifier 整流器busbar 母线analog signal 模拟信号asynchronism 异步synchronization 同步armature 电枢attenuate 衰减steam-turbine-driven generator 气轮发电机turbine generator 涡轮发电机magnetic flux 磁通量oscilloscope 示波器oscillator 震荡器multimeter 万用表overlay 叠加效果rated power 额定功率power amplifier 功率放大器active voltage 有效电压voltage to current converter 电压电流变换器transformer substation变电站regulation 调节degree of compensation补偿度high voltage shunt reactor高抗reactive power compensation无功补偿three-column transformer三绕组变压器double-column transformer双绕组变压器power-factor 功率因数voltage grade 电压等级no-load current 空载电流impedance 阻抗positive sequence impedance正序阻抗negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗zero sequence impedance零序阻抗susceptance 电纳stator 定子high voltage 高压fixed series capacitor compensation固定串联电容补偿voltage stability 电压稳定angle stability 功角稳定installed capacity 装机容量transformer substation 变电站degree of compensation 补偿度line drop compensation(LDC)线路补偿器circuit theorems 电路定理superposition theorem 叠加定理substitution theorem 替代定理thevenin-Norton Theorem 戴维宁定理electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学low-frequency amplifier 低频放大器low-frequency bypass 低频旁路voltage distortion 交流电压校准器Single Chip Microprocessor(SCM)单片机alternating current(AC) 交流/交流电adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗closed loop control 闭环控制closed loop voltage gain 闭环电压增益closed-loop gain 死循环增益clutch 离合器/联轴器commutator/rectifier 整流器cut off voltage 临界电压cut-in voltage 闭合电压dielectric adj. 不导电的/绝缘的dielectric puncture 击穿electrical durability 电寿命(万次)electromagnetic resonance 电磁感应electromotive force 电动力/电动势positive charge 正电荷negative charge 负电荷Automatic Generation Control(AGC) 自动发电控制Power System Stabilizator(PSS) 电力系统稳定器polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损armature circuit 电枢电路dynamic response 动态响应time invariant adj.时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感polarity 极性ventilation 通风,换气,通风装置interface 接口demodulator 解调器balance indicator 交流平衡指示器current calibrator 交流电流校准器resistance box 交流电阻箱voltage distortion 交流电压校准器standard resistor 交流标准电阻器low-frequency bypass 低频旁路power pool 联合电力系统;联合电网electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学core/shell forme 铁心式/壳式potential difference 电位差dual in-line packages 双列直插式组件automatic control system 自动控制系统torque motor 力矩电动机amplifier using discrete 分离元件放大器potentiometer 电位器voltage-current characteristic 伏安特性topology 拓扑termocouple 热电偶exitation 激发;激励;干扰air-gap 气隙polyphase n.多相adj. 多相的breakdown torque 失步转矩locked-rotor torque 止转转矩nominal frequency 额定频率subtransmission 二次输电hydro-generation 水力发电feeder 馈线;馈电电路thermal unit 热力机组active power balance 有功功率平衡load-frequency control(LFC)负荷频率控制sychronous condenser 同步调相机tap-changing transformer 可调分接头变压器tap coil 跳闸线圈magnetic air circuit breaker 磁吹断路器automatic generation control (AGC)自动发电控制circuit board 电路板direct current(DC)直流电eddy current 涡流corridor 通路induced current 感生电流laminated core 叠片铁芯left-hand rule 左手定则volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性simulation analysis 仿真分析one machine - infinity bus system 单机无穷大系统Electrical Machinery电机学Automatic Control Theory自动控制理论Electrotechnics Principle of Circuits 电工学Electrical Drive and Control电力传动与控制brownout 节约用电cathode 阴板、负极cation exchanger 阳离子交换器circuit breaker 电路断路器circuit diagram 电路图coaxial cable 同轴电缆cooling tower 冷却塔intermediate relay 中间继电器jumper 跳线、跨接lightning arrestor 避雷器installed capacity 装机容量instrument panel 仪表盘instantaneous power 瞬时功率loss of excitation 励磁损失manual reject 手动切换overhead line 架空线plant load factor 电厂负荷因数potential transformer电压互感器overspeed trip 超速跳闸pyod 热电偶safe potential 安全电压shield 屏蔽层single blade switch单刀开关star connected system星形连接制"Y" static storage 静态存储器station capacity 发电厂容量step-down transformer降压变压器substation 变电站、子站subtransmission 二次输电thermal power plant 热力发电厂thumb rule 安培右手定则trip 跳闸、断开star connected system星形连接制"Y"A/C adaptor 电源适配器analog to digital 模拟/数字转换ac induced polarization instrument 交流激电仪adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗charge neutrality 电中性区Charge Termination Voltage 允电端电压/允电端接电压circuit diagram 电路板circuit switching 电路交换closed-loop voltage gain 死循环电压增益connectors 插接器constant voltage modulation 稳压调节current attenuation 电流减衰装置Current by Phase (AMP) 每相电流current limitative range 电流限制范围cut off voltage 临界电压cut-in voltage 闭合电压Discharge Termination Voltage 放电端电压dropout voltage 跌落电压eddy current 涡电流electormagnetic braking sytem 电磁制动系统electric dipole 电偶极子electric shielding 电屏蔽Frequency Hopping 跳频input-output control system (IOCS) 输入输出控制系统offset voltage 失调电压。

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电气英语翻译专业词汇

电⽓英语翻译专业词汇电⽓⼯程词汇voltage 电压current 电流resistance 电阻reactance 电抗impedance 阻抗conductance 电导inductance 电感inductor 电感器capacitance 电容capacitive 电容性的,电容的shunt capacitor 并联电容器shunt 并联series 串联series circuit 串联电路parallel circuit 并联电路conductor 导线voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表arc 电弧charge n 电荷v充电,带电,起电discharge v 放电bridge 电桥valve 电⼦管deenergize 断路dielectric 不导电的/绝缘的generator 发电机motor 电动机audion 三极管diode ⼆极管potentiometer 电位器step-up transformer 升压变压器power system 电⼒系统,电⽹transmission line 输电线breaker 断路器relay 继电器demodulator 解调器radiator 散热器ventilation 通风,换⽓,通风装置alternating relay 交流继电器integrated circuit amplifier 集成电路放⼤器transistor amplifier 晶体管放⼤器terminal 端⼦amplifier/magnifier 放⼤器cable n 电缆v架设电缆fuse 保险丝熔断器interface 接⼝amplitude 振幅幅度波幅digital signal 数字信号coupling 耦合intermittent 周期的dislocation 错位malfunction 故障medium 介质screen 屏蔽dampen 阻尼socket 插孔ground plane 接地层three-phasen 三相potential difference 电位差active element 有源元件ideal independent source 理想独⽴电源watt hour meter 感应线圈frequency changer 变频器control switch 控制开关selector switch 选择开关current transformer 电流互感器power transformer 电⼒变压器phase voltage 相电压constant voltage source 恒定电压源alternating current 交流电流inverting 反相out of phase 异相self-inductor ⾃感mutual-inductor 互感ampere 安培coulomb 库仑joule 焦⽿resistor 电阻器charger 充电器semiconductor 半导体absolute value 绝对值operating supply voltage 电源⼯作电压专业词汇Isolator ⼑闸(隔离开关) Susceptance 电纳regulator 稳压器admittance 导纳rectifier 整流器busbar 母线analog signal 模拟信号asynchronism 异步synchronization 同步armature 电枢attenuate 衰减steam-turbine-driven generator ⽓轮发电机turbine generator 涡轮发电机magnetic flux 磁通量oscilloscope ⽰波器oscillator 震荡器multimeter 万⽤表overlay 叠加效果rated power 额定功率power amplifier 功率放⼤器active voltage 有效电压voltage to current converter 电压电流变换器transformer substation变电站regulation 调节degree of compensation补偿度high voltage shunt reactor⾼抗reactive power compensation⽆功补偿three-column transformer三绕组变压器double-column transformer双绕组变压器power-factor 功率因数voltage grade 电压等级no-load current 空载电流impedance 阻抗positive sequence impedance正序阻抗negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗zero sequence impedance零序阻抗susceptance 电纳stator 定⼦high voltage ⾼压fixed series capacitor compensation固定串联电容补偿voltage stability 电压稳定angle stability 功⾓稳定installed capacity 装机容量transformer substation 变电站degree of compensation 补偿度line drop compensation(LDC)线路补偿器circuit theorems 电路定理superposition theorem 叠加定理substitution theorem 替代定理thevenin-Norton Theorem 戴维宁定理electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学low-frequency amplifier 低频放⼤器low-frequency bypass 低频旁路voltage distortion 交流电压校准器Single Chip Microprocessor(SCM)单⽚机alternating current(AC) 交流/交流电adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗closed loop control 闭环控制closed loop voltage gain 闭环电压增益closed-loop gain 死循环增益clutch 离合器/联轴器commutator/rectifier 整流器cut off voltage 临界电压cut-in voltage 闭合电压dielectric adj. 不导电的/绝缘的dielectric puncture 击穿electrical durability 电寿命(万次)electromagnetic resonance 电磁感应electromotive force 电动⼒/电动势positive charge 正电荷negative charge 负电荷Automatic Generation Control(AGC) ⾃动发电控制Power System Stabilizator(PSS) 电⼒系统稳定器polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损armature circuit 电枢电路dynamic response 动态响应time invariant adj.时不变的self-inductor ⾃感mutual-inductor 互感polarity 极性ventilation 通风,换⽓,通风装置interface 接⼝demodulator 解调器balance indicator 交流平衡指⽰器current calibrator 交流电流校准器resistance box 交流电阻箱voltage distortion 交流电压校准器standard resistor 交流标准电阻器low-frequency bypass 低频旁路power pool 联合电⼒系统;联合电⽹electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学core/shell forme 铁⼼式/壳式potential difference 电位差dual in-line packages 双列直插式组件automatic control system ⾃动控制系统torque motor ⼒矩电动机amplifier using discrete 分离元件放⼤器potentiometer 电位器voltage-current characteristic 伏安特性topology 拓扑termocouple 热电偶exitation 激发;激励;⼲扰air-gap ⽓隙polyphase n.多相adj. 多相的breakdown torque 失步转矩locked-rotor torque ⽌转转矩nominal frequency 额定频率subtransmission ⼆次输电hydro-generation ⽔⼒发电feeder 馈线;馈电电路thermal unit 热⼒机组active power balance 有功功率平衡load-frequency control(LFC)负荷频率控制sychronous condenser 同步调相机tap-changing transformer 可调分接头变压器tap coil 跳闸线圈magnetic air circuit breaker 磁吹断路器automatic generation control (AGC)⾃动发电控制circuit board 电路板direct current(DC)直流电eddy current 涡流corridor 通路induced current 感⽣电流laminated core 叠⽚铁芯left-hand rule 左⼿定则volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性simulation analysis 仿真分析one machine - infinity bus system 单机⽆穷⼤系统Electrical Machinery电机学Automatic Control Theory⾃动控制理论Electrotechnics Principle of Circuits 电⼯学Electrical Drive and Control电⼒传动与控制brownout 节约⽤电cathode 阴板、负极cation exchanger 阳离⼦交换器circuit breaker 电路断路器circuit diagram 电路图coaxial cable 同轴电缆cooling tower 冷却塔intermediate relay 中间继电器jumper 跳线、跨接lightning arrestor 避雷器installed capacity 装机容量instrument panel 仪表盘instantaneous power 瞬时功率loss of excitation 励磁损失manual reject ⼿动切换overhead line 架空线plant load factor 电⼚负荷因数potential transformer电压互感器overspeed trip 超速跳闸pyod 热电偶safe potential 安全电压shield 屏蔽层single blade switch单⼑开关star connected system星形连接制"Y" static storage 静态存储器station capacity 发电⼚容量step-down transformer降压变压器substation 变电站、⼦站subtransmission ⼆次输电thermal power plant 热⼒发电⼚thumb rule 安培右⼿定则trip 跳闸、断开star connected system星形连接制"Y"A/C adaptor 电源适配器analog to digital 模拟/数字转换ac induced polarization instrument 交流激电仪adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗charge neutrality 电中性区Charge Termination Voltage 允电端电压/允电端接电压circuit diagram 电路板circuit switching 电路交换closed-loop voltage gain 死循环电压增益connectors 插接器constant voltage modulation 稳压调节current attenuation 电流减衰装置Current by Phase (AMP) 每相电流current limitative range 电流限制范围cut off voltage 临界电压cut-in voltage 闭合电压Discharge Termination Voltage 放电端电压dropout voltage 跌落电压eddy current 涡电流electormagnetic braking sytem 电磁制动系统electric dipole 电偶极⼦electric shielding 电屏蔽Frequency Hopping 跳频input-output control system (IOCS) 输⼊输出控制系统offset voltage 失调电压。

电气工程 专业英语 单词 句子 翻译

电气工程 专业英语  单词 句子 翻译

名词解释:1.集成电路Integrated circuit2.可编程逻辑控制器prpgrammable logic controller3.暂态/稳态过程steady state process4.有功/无功/视在功率active/ reactive/ apparent output5.品质因数quality factor6.低通/高通/带通滤波器low pass filter/ high-peaker / band passfilter7.单位负反馈unit reverse feedback8.温度/湿度/压力传感器temperature/ humidity/ pressure sensor9.片内/外存储chip-on/off memory10.控制理论与控制工程control theory and control engineering11.升/降压变压器step-up/step-down transformer12.发射极/集电极/基极emitter/ collector/ base13.遥感remote sensing14.三相异步感应电机three-phase asynchronous inductionmachine15.交流电机a-c dynamo16.直流电机continuous current dynamo17.三相对称电源symmetrical three-phase source18.三相四线制three-phase four-wire system19.结点电压nodal point voltage20.网孔电流mesh current21.正弦稳态响应sine steady state response22.逐次逼近approach gradually23.发电机dynamo24.太阳能/潮汐/风力发电solar energy / tide/ wind power dynamo25.拉普拉斯变换Laplace transform26.过程控制process control27.电流互感器current transformer28.相位超前/滞后phase advance/ lag29.温度调节器temperature regulator30.(非)线性控制系统(nonlinear) linear control system31.误差校正correction of error32.故障诊断fault diagnosis33.理想运放ideal operational amplifier34.工厂供电plant power supply35.架空传输线overhead transmission line36.串/并联谐振series/ parallel resonance37.面向对象编程object-oriented programming38.异步电机asynchronous machine39.人工智能artificial intelligence40.多智能体multi-agent41.特征方程characteristic equation42变频空调air-condition of frequency conversion42.电机拖动electrical drive43.局域网协议local area network agreement44.汽车电子auto electron45.楼宇自动化building automation46.采样保持sample hold47.嵌入式系统embedded system 48.半导体技术semiconductor technology49.模拟/数字电子技术analog/ digital electronic technique50.网络互连协议internet protocol51.断路器circuit breaker52.继电器relay53.继电保护relay protection54.电力系统及其自动化electric power system and its automation 专英翻译句子:1、晶体三极管的输入输出特性曲线测试是模拟电子技术中最基本的实验之一。

电气工程专业英语-2 Fundamentals of Solid-state Power Device

电气工程专业英语-2 Fundamentals of Solid-state Power Device

Fig. 2.7 shows the schematic symbol for a triac. A triac consists of a special thyristor package with forward and reverse thyristors operated from a single gate lead. They are commonly used in light-dimmer circuits and as on -off relays where slight leakage currents in the offstate will not cause mis The availability of triacs with increased ampere capabilities has led to their use in phase control of AC motors.
Fig.2.5 shows the junction arrangement, schematic symbol, and volt-ampere characteristic for a typical power transistor.
图2.5给出了三极管的半导体材料分层结构、电气符号、和典 型功率三极管的伏安特性 。
图2.7为双向可控硅的电气符号,它由共用一个门极端的 正向和反向可控硅的特殊封装构成,它通常用于调光电路或作 为延时开关,在这种场合中,它关断时的漏电流很小,不会导 致其它控制设备的误操作。大电流容量双向可控硅的实用化, 使得它们在交流电机的相位控制方面得到应用。
The differences among the three physical types of power semiconductors have largely to do with how they are mounted and connected to their heat sinks.

电气专业英语缩写词汇与翻译

电气专业英语缩写词汇与翻译

A :Amplifier 放大器A: Attendance员工考勤A :Attenuation衰减AA :Antenna amplifier 开线放大器AA: Architectural Acoustics建筑声学AC :Analogue Controller 模拟控制器ACD :Automatic Call Distribution 自动分配话务ACS :Access Control System出入控制系统AD :Addressable Detector地址探测器ADM :Add/Drop Multiplexer分插复用器ADPCM :Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation 自适应差分脉冲编码调制AF :Acoustic Feedback 声反馈AFR :Amplitude /Frequency Response 幅频响应AGC: Automati Gain Control自动增益控制AHU :Air Handling Unit 空气处理机组A-I: Auto-iris自动光圈AIS :Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AITS: Acknowledged Information Transfer Service确认操作ALC: Automati Level Control 自动平衡控制ALS :Alarm Seconds 告警秒ALU: Analogue Lines Unit 模拟用户线单元AM: Administration Module管理模块AN :Access Network 接入网ANSI: American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会APS: Automatic Protection Switching 自动保护倒换ASC: Automati Slope Control 自动斜率控制ATH :Analogue Trunk Unit 模拟中继单元ATM:Asynchrous Transfer Mode 异步传送方式AU- PPJE:AU Pointer Positive Justification 管理单元正指针调整AU :Administration Unit 管理单元AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU告警指示信号AUG:Administration Unit Group 管理单元组AU-LOP:Loss of Administrative Unit Pointer AU指针丢失AU-NPJE:AU Pointer Negative Justification管理单元负指针调整AUP:Administration Unit Pointer管理单元指针AVCD:Auchio &Video Control Device 音像控制装置AWG:American Wire Gauge美国线缆规格BA:Bridge Amplifier桥接放大器BAC:Building Automation & Control net建筑物自动化和控制网络BAM:Background Administration Module后管理模块BBER:Background Block Error Ratio背景块误码比BCC:B-channel Connect ControlB通路连接控制BD:Building DistributorBEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities 建筑物入口设施BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector大口式光纤连接器BGN:Background Noise背景噪声BGS: Background Sound 背景音响BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code 比特间插奇偶校验N位码B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网B-ISDN:Broad band -Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网BMC:Burst Mode Controller 突发模式控制器BMS:Building Management System 智能建筑管理系统BRI:Basic Rate ISDN 基本速率的综合业务数字网BS:Base Station基站BSC:Base Station Controller基站控制器BUL:Back up lighting备用照明C/S: Client/Server客户机/服务器C:Combines 混合器C:Container 容器CA:Call Accounting电话自动计费系统CATV:Cable Television 有线电视CC:Call Control 呼叫控制CC:Coax cable 同轴电缆CCD:Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件CCF:Cluster Contril Function 簇控制功能CD:Campus Distributor 建筑群配线架CD:Combination detector 感温,感烟复合探测器CDCA:Continuous Dynamic Channel Assign 连续的动态信道分配CDDI:Copper Distributed Data 合同缆分布式数据接口CDES:Carbon dioxide extinguisbing system 二氧化碳系统CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access 码分多址CF:Core Function 核心功能CFM:Compounded Frequency Modulation 压扩调频繁CIS:Call Information System 呼叫信息系统CISPR:Internation Special Conmittee On Radio Interference 国际无线电干扰专门委员会CLNP:Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接模式网络层协议CLP:Cell Loss Priority信元丢失优先权CM:Communication Module 通信模块CM:Configuration Management 配置管理CM:Cross-connect Matrix交叉连接矩阵CMI:Coded Mark Inversion传号反转码CMISE:Common Management Information Service公用管理信息协议服务单元CPE:Convergence protocol entity 会聚协议实体CR/E:card reader /Encoder (Ticket reader )卡读写器/编码器CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗佘校验CRT:Cathode Ray Tabe 显示器,监视器,阴极射线管CS: Convergence service 会聚服务CS:Cableron Spectrum 旧纳档块化技术CS:Ceiling Screen 挡烟垂壁CS:Convergence Sublayer合聚子层CSC:Combined Speaker Cabinet 组合音响CSCW:Computer supported collaborative work 计算机支持的协同工作CSES:Continuius Severely Errored Second 连续严重误码秒CSF:Cell Site Function 单基站功能控制CTB:Composite Triple Beat 复合三价差拍CTD:Cable Thermal Detector 缆式线型感温探测器CTNR:carrier to noise ratio 载波比CW:Control Word 控制字D:Directional 指向性D:Distortion 失真度D:Distributive 分布式DA:Distribution Amplifier 分配的大器DBA:Database Administrator数据库管理者DBCSN:Database Control System Nucleus数据库控制系统核心DBOS:Database Organizing System 数据库组织系统DBSS:Database Security System 数据库安全系统DC:Door Contacts大门传感器DCC:Digital Communication Channel数字通信通路DCN:Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCP-I:Distributed Control Panel -Intelligent智能型分散控制器DCS:Distributed Control System集散型控制系统DDN:Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDS:Direct Dignital Controller直接数字控制器DDW:Data Describing Word 数据描述字DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication增强数字无绳通讯DFB:Distributed Feedback 分布反馈DID:Direct Inward Dialing 直接中继方式,呼入直拨到分机用户DLC:Data Link Control Layer 数据链路层DLI:DECT Line InterfaceDODI:Direct Outward Dialing One 一次拨号音DPH:DECT PhoneDRC:Directional Response Cahracteristics 指向性响应DS:Direct Sound 直正声DSP:Digital signal Processing 数字信号处理DSS:Deiision Support System 决策支持系统DTMF:Dual Tone Multi-Frequency 双音多频DTS:Dual -Technology Sensor 双鉴传感器DWDM:Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC:Digital Cross-Connect 数字交叉连接E:Emergency lighting照明设备E:Equalizer 均衡器E:Expander 扩展器EA-DFB:Electricity Absorb-Distributed Feedback 电吸收分布反馈ECC:Embedded Control Channel 嵌入或控制通道EDFA:Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier掺饵光纤放大器EDI:Electronic Data Interexchange 电子数据交换EIC:Electrical Impedance Characteristics 电阻抗特性EMC:Electro Magnetic Compatibiloty 电磁兼容性EMI:Electro Magnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMS:Electromagnetic Sensitibility 电磁敏感性EN:Equivalent Noise 等效噪声EP:Emergency Power 应急电源ES:Emergency Sooket 应急插座ES:Evacuation Sigvial疏散照明ESA:Error SecondA 误码秒类型AESB:ErrorSecondB 误码秒类型BESD:Electrostatic Discharge静电放电ESR:Errored Second Ratio 误码秒比率ETDM:Electrical Time Division Multiplexing电时分复用ETSI:European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准协会F:Filter 滤波器FAB:Fire Alarm Bell 火警警铃FACU:Fire Alarm Contrlol Unit 火灾自动报警控制装置FC:Failure Count 失效次数FC:Frequency Converter 频率变换器FCC:Fire Alarm System 火灾报警系统FCS:Field Control System 现场总线FCU:Favn Coil Unit风机盘管FD:Fire Door 防火门FD:Flame Detector 火焰探测器FD:Floor DistributorFD:Frequency Dirsder 分频器FDD:Frequency Division Dual 频分双工FDDI:Fiberdistributed Data Interface光纤缆分布式数据接口。

电气专业英语—专业词汇中英文翻译2

电气专业英语—专业词汇中英文翻译2

一、根据英文单词,写出中文意义(每个 1 分,共 15分)第一组1.alternator2. semiconductor3. impedance4. charge5. inductor6. dielectrics7.oscillator8.emitter9.amplifier 10.wavelength 11.capacitor 12.resistance 13.insulator 14.conductor 15.formula1交流发电机、2半导体、3阻抗、4电荷、5电感、6电介质、7振荡器 8发射器、9放大器、10波长、11电容、12电阻、13绝缘体、14导体、 15公式第二组1.generator2.cross-section3.current flow4.cycle5.terminallivolt7.microvolt8.neutral state 9.electric field 10.magnetic field 11.root-mean-sqare 12.peak value 13.instantaneous value 14.peak-to-peak value 15.three-phase AC发电机横截面电流周期终端毫伏微伏中性状态电场磁场均方根峰值瞬时值峰峰值三相交流电第三组1、sine wave 正弦波2、positive direction 正向3、negative direction 负向4、trigonometric fuction 三角函数5、effective value 有效值6、battery 电池7、voltmeter 电压表8、ammeter 电流表9、Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律 10、series circuit 串联电路 11、parallel circuit 并联电路 12、 series resistance 串联电阻 13、equal value resistor 等值电阻 14、compound circuit 复合电路 15、electromagnet 电磁铁第四组parallel branch 并联分支 lowest common multiple 最小公倍数 series-parallel 串并联 diode 二极管 transistor 晶体管 physics types 物理模型 carbon family 碳族outer electron 外层电子 perodici table 元素周期表 positive charge 正电荷PN junction PN结number system 数字系统compound circuit 复合电路 N region第五组numerical value 数字值binary system 二进制系统decimal value 十进制programmable controller 可编程编码控制器 switch 开关 conversion of number 数字转换 laptop 手提电脑 truth table 真值表 inverter switch 转向开关 pull-up resistor 牵引电阻 Very Large Scale Integration 超大规模集成电路 linear speed 线速度external force 外力 acceleration 加速度第六组1.permanent magnet2. south pole3. magnetic lines4. DC motors5. electromotive force6. closed-loop7. controller8. feedback9. disturbance 10. over time 11. self-regulation12. dead time 13. sampling period 14. external force 15. acceleration永久磁铁南极磁力线直流电动机电动势闭环控制器反馈干扰超时自调整死区采样周期外力加速度第七组1.series resonance2. rectifier3. amplifier4. voltage divider5. end-to-end6.equivalent circuit7.oscillator8.emitter9.amplifier 10.wavelength11.capacitor 12.resistance 13.insulator 14.conductor 15.formula串联谐振整流器放大器分压器首尾相连等效电路7振荡器 8发射器、9放大器、10波长、11电容、12电阻、13绝缘体、14导体、 15公式第八组1. neutral state2. Alternator3. magnetic lines4. Effective value5. counter electromotive force6. Root-mean-square7. equation root8. feedback9. disturbance 10. over time11. self-regulation 12. dead time 13. sampling period 14. external force 15. acceleration中性状态南极磁力线有效值反电动势均方值(均方根)方程根反馈干扰超时自调整死区采样周期外力加速度第九组1.alternator2. semiconductor3. impedance4. charge5. inductor6. dielectrics7.oscillator8. feedback9. disturbance 10. over time 11. self-regulation 12. dead time 13. sampling period 14. external force 15. acceleration1交流发电机、2半导体、3阻抗、4电荷、5电感、6电介质、7振荡器反馈干扰超时自调整死区采样周期外力加速度第十组1. open-loop2. controller3. feedback4. disturbance5. over time6. self-regulation7. dead time8.emitter9.amplifier 10.wavelength11.capacitor 12.resistance 13.insulator 14.conductor 15.formula1开环 2控制器 3反馈 4干扰 5超时 6自调整 7死区8发射器、9放大器、10波长、11电容、12电阻、13绝缘体、14导体、 15公式。

电气专业英语文章翻译

电气专业英语文章翻译

电气专业英语文章翻译1第二章第一篇To say that we live in an age of electronics is an understatement. Fromthe omnipresent integrated circuit to the equally omnipresent digital computer, we encounter electronic devices and systems on a daily basis. In every aspectof our increasingly technological society— whether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionage—the role of electronics is large, and it is growing.谈论关于我们生活在一个电子学时代的论调是一种空泛的论调。

从无处不在的集成电路到同样无处不在的数字计算机,我们在日常活动中总会遇到电子设备和电子系统。

在我们日益发展的科技社会的方方面面——无论是在科学、工程、医药、音乐、维修方面甚至是在谍报方面——电子学的作用是巨大的,而且还将不断增强。

In general, all of the tasks with which we shall be concerned can be classified as "signal-processing“tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term一般说来,我们将要涉及到的工作被归结为“信号——处理”工作,让我们来探究这个术语的含义吧。

A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air ina room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions.The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore, we referimplicitly to voltages or currents. However, most of the concepts we discuss can be applied directly to systems with different information-carrying variables. Thus, the behavior of a mechanical system in which force andvelocity are the variables or a hydraulic system in which pressure and flowrate are the variables can often be modeled or represented by an equivalent electrical system. An understanding of the behavior of electrical systems, therefore, provides a basis for understanding a much broader range of phenomena.信号就是其与时间有关的量值或变化包含信息的任何物理变量。

电气工程专业英语翻译1

电气工程专业英语翻译1

第六章Electric Power Systems 电力系统Section 1 Introduction 第一节介绍The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before. 现代社会的电力供应依赖于更多地比以往任何时候。

It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 它无法想象的世界应该是什么,如果电力供应中断了世界各地。

Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统(或电力能源系统),提供电力到现代社会,已成为不可缺少的组成部分产业界的。

The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 第一个完整的电力系统(包括发电机,电缆,熔断器,计量,并加载)的托马斯爱迪生所建-站纽约市珍珠街的历史始于1882年9月运作。

This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约1.5公里至59供电范围内的客户。

电气工程专业英语(电力类)翻译

电气工程专业英语(电力类)翻译

实用资料:电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考专业外语:Professional English电路(上)electrical circuit (I)电路(下)electrical circuit (II)金工实习machinery practice电机(上)electrical machinery (I)电工实验与测试electrical experiment & test电子综合实践integrated electronic practice信号与系统signal & system电子技术基础(模拟)fundamentals of electronic (analog)电磁场electromagnetic field电子技术实验electronic experiment(I)电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I)发电厂动力工程基础Heat power engineering in generating plant企业管理enterprise management电气主系统electrical system principle电力系统稳态/暂态分析Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protection电力系统潮流计算机分析:Computer Analysis of Power Flow数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique微机原理microcomputer principle电子技术基础(数字)fundamentals of electronic (digital)自动控制automatic control theory电力系统分析electric power system analysis电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II)电气主系统课程设计electrical system principle-course design电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II)通信与计算机网络communication & computer networks电力系统继电保护electric power system relaying电力系统继电保护Power System Protective Relaying电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol生产实习productive practice Technology继电保护课程设计electric power system relaying-course design电力电子技术power electronics电力电子技术基础:Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology电力电子课程设计Power electronics course design电力系统自动控制electric power system control & automation高电压技术High voltage engineering Technology变电站自动化substation automation电力经济electric power system economics电能质量控制electric power quality control配电网自动化distribution system automation电力系统新技术new techniques on electric power system控制电机electrical machine control调度自动化与能量管理energy management & automation灵活交流输电系统flexible AC transmission system计算机保护computer protection电力系统电磁兼容EMC in electric power system毕业实习graduation practice毕业设计graduation dissertation数字信号处理:Digital Signal Processing自动控制理论:Automatic Control Theory电气工程基础:Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering电磁场概论:Introduction to Electro-Magnetic Field计算机继电保护:Microcomputer-Based Relaying Protection电气设备的绝缘检测与故障诊断:Insulation Diagnostics and Troubl-Shooting for Electrical Installations电网规划:Power System Planning可编程控制器原理及应用:Principles of PLC (Programmable logic Controller) And Application电磁场数值计算:Numerical Computation of Electro-Magnetic Field电力系统继电保护:Relay Protection of Power System电力系统自动装置原理The Principle of Electric Power System Automatic Equipment电力通信系统及调度自动化:Power System Communication and Dispatching Automatic专业方向电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology。

电气专业英语课后练习翻译

电气专业英语课后练习翻译

PART1 U1T1、In In addition addition addition to to to the various power transformers, two special-purpose transformers are the various power transformers, two special-purpose transformers are used with electric machinery and power systems. The first of these special transformers is a device specially designed to sample a high voltage and produce a low low secondary secondary secondary voltage voltage voltage directly directly directly proportional proportional proportional to to to it. it. it. Such Such Such a a a transformer transformer transformer is is is a a a potential potential transformer. A power transformer also produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to that the potential transformer is designed to handle only a very small current. current. The The The second second second type type type of of of special special special transformer transformer transformer is is is a a a device device device designed designed designed to to to provide provide provide a a secondary current much smaller than but directly proportional to its primary current. This device is called a current transformer. 除了各种电源变压器、两个专用变压器使用电动机械和电力系统。

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Foundation of PLC1. The central processing unitAlthough referred to as the brain of the system, the Central Processing Unit in a normal installation is the unsung hero, buried in a control cabinet, all but forgotten.2. Basic FunctionalityIn a programmable controller system, the central processing unit(CPU) provides both the heart and the brain required for successful and timely control execution. It rapidly and efficiently scans all of the system inputs, examines and solves the application logic, and updates all of the system outputs. In addition, it also gives itself a checkup each scan to ensure that its structure is still intact. In this chapter we will examine the central processing unit as it relates to the entire system. Included will be the various functional blocks in the CPU, typical scan techniques, I/O interface and memory users, power supplies, and system diagnostics.3. Typical Function Block InteractionsIn practice, the central processing unit can vary in its architecture, but consists of the basic building block structure illustrated in Fig.1.1.The processing section consists of one or more microprocessors and their associated circuitry. While it is true that some of the luxury of using microprocessors, most modern systems use either a single microprocessors such as the AMD 2903, usedin a bit slice architecture. This multiple microprocessor system to break the control system tasks into many small components which can be executed in parallel. The result of this approach is to achieve execution speeds that are orders of magnitude faster than their single-tasking counterparts. In addition to efficiently processing direct I/O control information and being programmable, the real advantage that microprocessor-based system have over their hardwired relay counterparts is the ability to acquire and manipulate numerical data easily. It is this attribute that makes programmable controllers the powerhouses that they are today in solving tough factory automation problems. The factory of tomorrow will run efficiently only if quality information about process needs and status of the process equipment are known on a realtimes basis. This can and will come about only if the unit level controllers, including programmable controllers, are empowered with the ability to collect, analyze, concentrate, and deliver data about the process. As themarket continues to exhibit this demand, manufactures are likely to outfit their controllers with more and more variable memory, and enhanced instruction sets to perform these tasks.4. Scan TechniquesBy definition and design, the programmable controller is dedicated to the continuous, repetitive task of examining the system inputs, solving the continuous, repetitive task of examining the system inputs, solving the current control logic ,and updating the system outputs. This task is referred to as scanning (sometimes called sweeping), and is accomplished in slightly different ways in each manufacturer‟s programmable controller. Since many of the variations are not material to the basic functionality of the system, we will only examine the basic varieties.You‟ll notice that the I/O servicing is at the end of the scan cycle, and is also an integral part of the scan timing. This type of scan is referred to as synchronous scan and is used with very fast machines that can update all of the I/O without lengthening the scan time materially. A typical scan time in a modern programmable controller ranges from 10~100 ms (milliseconds). Most controllers have a mechanism, watchdog timer, to measure the scan length each cycle and normally 150~250 ms. Referring to Fig.1.1 again, the synchronous scan contains four other actives in addition to the I/O scan. Housekeeping refers to a small number of routine chores performed by the programmable controller to ensure that its internal structure is still healthy and functioning properly. Next comes the communication windows to allow structured communications to other devices in the system, or externally. Included in this group would be the programming device, special microprocessor-based communications modules to allow ultimate communication of the programmable controller system to another intelligent device. Next in line comes the executive routine, in which the actual base intelligence of the system is used to interpret the current control program. This interpretation is then used in the next step to solve the current control logic program. The last step of this basic scan process is to integrate the currently interpreted control logic program with the most current input statuses from the I/O scan, and to update the output statuses with the current results.The primary variation of this basic scanning technique comes from architectures that service and update I/O with a separate processor, asynchronous to the main logic solution scan. This alternative is common in systems where serial communication is used to control and update racks of remotely mounted I/O. It is also used where all of the I/O is serial, and run in multiple asynchronous scanning technique has the advantage that it allows extensive flexibility in configuring a programmable controller system for a particular application need. It has the disadvantage that while the basis scan rate maybe fast enough to suit an application, the I/O scan(s) actually be longer than the primary CPU scan. This can cause problems in a fast acting system in that the logic solution can occur with relatively “old” input data from the remote I/O channel. While this is at times bothersome, the more dramatic case involves a peculiarity of some programmable controllers in that they may allow input and output data to be updated on separate time bases, providing the possibility of “bad” logic solutions and unpredictable machine actions.As part of the basic CPU structure, a number of error checking procedures are used to maintain a high level of integrity in the communications between itself and its subsystems. This can involve both the internal subsystems, such as the memory, and so-called external subsystems, for example the I/O system. The more common error-checking schemes are outlined below. The first and most is parity. This is used on many communication link subsystems to detect errors by examining the number of “ones” in each byte of information received, and comparing the total number in any one byte to a predetermined choice of even or odd parity. This corresponds to the total of ones in the byte summing to an even or odd number. This has the advantage of being able to detect a single-bit error, that is where a zero or one has changed state during some operation; but cannot detect two single but opposing bit changes in a byte of memory that cancel each other out and method for error checking, involves the examination of a block of memory for errors as compared to an individual word as done in parity checking. The procedure involves the adding of a single word of memory to a block that is unique to that block. Common varieties of the checksum are the Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC) and the parity check is that it more efficiently uses memory. The third error checking method that we will consider is ErrorDetection and Correction (EDC). It is used in the more sophisticated programmable controllers provided by a few manufacturers today. In essence it involves a number of complex error correcting codes implemented in the hardware. The Error Detecting and Correcting method has the added advantage that it can sense and correct single-bit error, while only sensing double bit errors.5. I/O ControlToday‟s modern programmable controller includes a sophisticated method to control the CPU‟s execution of the Input/Output chain. This is referred to as I/O control, or sometimes Bus control. This is actually handled in different ways, depending on the type and style of controller involved. In the small programmable controller, the I/O servicing is performed as an integral part of the primary microprocessor used to control all of the major functions. In medium and large-sized systems, it is common to include a microprocessor board or subsystem to handle the execution of the I/O updating. This is especially important in the systems that update I/O separately, or synchronously from the main scan.Regardless of the way it is achieved, the I/O control, or updating, is performed for the same reasons. For a successful scan sequence, an accurate execution of the signal level communication to the physical Input and Output modules is required. It is then, and only then, that any changes in the I/O status can be physically updated to actuators or from the sensors.6. Memory-uses and StructureIt is memory, along with a microprocessor to exercise it, that separates today‟s programmable controller from its predecessor. Current advances in memory allows both the rapid creation and efficient editing of control programs used to run the manufacturing processes. Different types of memory are used in a variety of programmable controllers for different application or design reasons. Let‟s examine some of them in detail.There are two basic memory categories used by programmable controllers, or for that matter, any microprocessor-base system. They are volatile and nonvolatile. V olatile means that the contents of the memory have no means to remain intactwithout an external power source connected to maintain the data integrity. Nonvolatile means of the memory remain intact without an external power supply.The segments of memory in a programmable controller system are straightforward.Application Memory. Also called logic memory, it is the section of memory used to store the actual control program that the controller uses to control the manufacturing process. This control program is usually created by the system user.Data Table Memory. This term collectively refers to the variable (register) memory, and the input /output status or image tables. The variable memory contains timer and counter values, along with any data used in mathematical calculations performed by the application program. The I/O image tables contain, as the name suggests, a representation of the actual input/output point status, either on or off.Executive. Also called firmware (or just firmware), this section of memory contains the base intelligence of the system. The executive program supervises the basis chores of the programmable controller system including communications with subsystems, control program interpretation and execution, CPU diagnostics, and other housekeeping tasks included in every scan.Scratch Pad. This is a temporary memory area used by the system to store the step-by-step and interim results obtained through some calculations. In some systems, the scratch pad memory contains the programmable controller statistics, such as memory size, amount used, and any active diagnostic flags set. Various segments of the programmable controller use different memory types to accomplish different design or application purposes. Below .we shall examine a sample of memory types, and contrast their use in programmable controllers.Read Only Memory (ROM). This memory was one of the first commercially variable nonvolatile memory types used in microprocessor-based system. ROM get its name from the fact that the memory can be read from (information extracted), but cannot be written into (information placed in). A number of manufacturers of programmable controllers use ROM memory to store the executive programs. This is because it normally to store the executive programs. This is because it normally requires no adjustment or editing once the system is shipped from the manufacturer.ROM is rarely, if ever, used as application memory, and cannot be used as data table or scratch pad memory because it cannot be updated with data from the operation of the programmable controller execution.Random Access Memory (RAM). This is a volatile memory, but has the advantage over ROM of being capable of being written to as well as read from. It is for this reason that it is sometimes called read/write memory. Any location within the memory can be accessible. Because it is volatile, the memory contents will be lost if power is lost. With a properly designed battery backup system, RAM can retain its current contents during large controllers are normally expandable from one memory size to their maximum size. Small controllers are normally are normally fixed in their memory size. Size of the memory capacity must be examined relative to the word size (8 bit or 16 bit) and utilization. While it is clear that twice the information can be stored in a 16 bit word than in an 8 bit byte, it may not be immediately clear that some controllers utilize memory more efficiently than others. For example, a normally open contact and its associated reference address (e.g. Input 1), may use in 8 bit each for storage. Combined, they consume one 16 bit word. Some controllers may use more memory than this for these instructions or others. In a large program, these inefficiencies can build on each other to cause a poor utilization of the system memory.A careful analysis of the various programmable controller models is required to 20%~40% of memory size to be specified to allow for modifications and later expansion. This analysis, combined with knowledge of the application needs, will allow for an intelligent choice of programmable controller.The memory of a programmable controller is organized in what is called a memory map. This segments, through a process known as partitioning, the memory into functional units. All manufactures use a slightly different technique in designing their controller‟s memory map. Some have variable partitions while others are fixed. All, however, are designed to segment the following functional areas:Executive program(s)Scratch padInput/output image tablesData tablesApplication programWe will now elaborate, in overview fashion on each of the memory map segments. As noted earlier, some controllers offer the user the flexibility (sometimes considered a constraint) of being able to vary the partitions within the memory map. This, in essence, allows the user or system builder to customize the sizes of the application, data table, and other memory segments to suit the particular application. Other controllers offer a preconfigured system, making assumptions about appropriate sizes for the various memory segments and their associated partitions. This eliminates the need for the user to deal with this sometimes confusing operation. As the architecture of programmable controllers continues to evolve, it is likely that the variable partition method will gain favorable momentum. This is likely because it accommodates a wider variety of operating systems and application programs since it can be tailored more effectively. This more flexible future may manufactures with special application software to accomplish an industry specific solution.Executive. This is the basic intelligence of the programmable controller. It allows any application program instructions to be interpreted and acted upon. It is transparent to the user and is almost never considered to be included in the manufacturers rated memory sizes.Scratch Pad. Also transparent to the user, this memory allows interim computations and some system configuration parameters to be established.Input/output Image Tables. This is one of the most basic and straightforward segments in the memory map. This section of memory contains a stored representation of both the internal and external I/O …points.‟ An internal point is an input or output that is used only in an internal control logic process, and is not directly associated with the physical I/O modules. An external point is one that is directly associated or mapped to a physical I/O module, which in turn is physically connected to a sensor or actuator. These tables of the I/O are accessible and viewed by the programming device and some other programmable controller peripherals. They can then be observed or manipulated directly for program creation, editing, or later troubleshooting after the system has been installed. This memory segment is normally partitioned to some default value corresponding to the maximum I/O capacity of theprogrammable controller. The view seen on the programming device screen is the most current information on the status of the I/O, as it changes the application program instructions and real world environment.Application Program. This segment contains the actual ladder logic control program. Hence it is sometimes called the logic memory section. Again variable in size for some systems, it is created, edited, and later viewed during operation with the help of the programming device using contacts, coils, and other references, and then is converted to machine level code for use by the central processing unit. There are many techniques and devices to accomplish this task.可编程序控制器(PLC)的基础1. 中央处理单元虽然被称为大脑的系统、中央处理单元在一个正常的安装是无名英雄,被埋在一个控制柜,几乎被忘记了。

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