新GRE写作Argument范文
GRE写作argue高分模版
开头：(1)It seems that, at first sight, the author’s reasoning is logical to leadto the proposal/recommendation/prediction/assertion that…(2)However, careful scrutiny of the argument reveals that some assumptionsthis argument depends on are problematic (the evidence this argument contains is inadequate) (additional questions need to be asked in order to fullyevaluate this argument) (some alternative explanations also need to beconsidered).(3)Unless the author could provide more accurate information or criticalevidence, this argument will not be convincing enough to reach its conclusion.替换词：作者author/writer/speaker/arguer/“title”文章argument/editorial/article建议suggest/advise/advocate/recommend/propose预测predict/project/forecast/foresee/expect/anticipate承接Therefore/thus/hence/so/consequently/clearly/moreover/furthermore/besides表明show/imply/indicate/illustrate/demonstrate/point out声称assert/allege/state/claim/contend/maintain声明 assertion/statement/claim/implication/indication/illustration/demonstration证实prove/substantiate/corroborate支持 support/bolster可信度validity/credibility/reliability/feasibility推断 infer/deduce/suggest草率的，鲁莽的 hasty/rash/reckless值得怀疑的，没有说服力的unsubstantiated/unconvincing/unpersuasive/unfounded/unwarranted/suspicious/unreliable /groundless/suspectable/doubtable/questionable/problematic/specious1. 类比 (5, 7, 13)(1) Indicating that … (措施在某地或某公司取得了成功), the author implies that … (该措施在另一地也会成功)(2) This comparison between the two areas/companies/towns (analogy), however, might not be very reasonable on the grounds that the circumstances facing the two areas might be very different.(3) …(列举两者之间可能不同的状况) all might influence the effectiveness of …(措施) at the two places.(4) Therefore, the deduction that the success of …(措施) can be definitely achieved at (另一地) is groundless and unreliable.2. 绝对与相对数量(1) The author mentions … (绝对数量) to illustrate that …, but the author does not address… (总数)(2) If … (总数很大/很小), … (绝对数量) would not seem to be surprisingly high/low.(3)The arguer needs to provide more specific statistics regarding the ratio of… (相对数量)(4) Such data would be of much more value in comparing the relative amounts of…3. 没发现不代表没有(1) The argument treats a lack of proof that … (某事物) had ever been found as sufficient evidence that… (某事物) never existed.(2) One possibility is that… which makes it extremely hard to find trace of the existence of… (某事物) It is also likely that current research methods and technologies are not yet advanced enough to identify(detect) potential evidenceinvol ving the possible existence of …(某事物)(3) Also, if researchers could find … (其他事物), these objects might be used as secondhand evidence to infer that …(某事物) once existed.4. 质疑权威性The author’s citation of … could no t lend strong support to this argument, since the authority (accuracy) of … is questionable. … … Apparently, the author should address more background information about… in order to prove that … are just and objective. Otherwise the claim of … would be dubious.段首句：1.One of the underlying assum ptions that needs evaluation is that…2.The author also hastily assumes that…3.Building upon the implication(assumption) that…通用句型：1.… could not lend strong support to the arguer’s claim/propos al2.The argument treats a lack of proof that…was found as sufficient evidencethat… (没发现不代表没有)3.The arguer fails to convince us that…4.All of these different factors need to be taken into consideration beforemaking an assertion that…5.Without evidence that…, the author’s claim that … is dubious at best.6.The claim that… lacks credibility if the author fails to prove…7.To (further) bolster the editorial’s claims, the author must provide clearevidence that reason A was in fact responsible for (a increase/decline in …)8.…cannot be representative enough to reflect the true/univer sal situationregarding调查／数据：1.The author unfairly/fallaciously/falsely assumes that the result of the citedsurvey/statistics is fully genuine and credible.2.The author cites a survey/study of … to report/explain that…3.Failing to indicate the source of the survey, the author could not convince usabout the credibility of the survey.4.The scope/validity/representativeness/reliability of the survey is doubtable.5.T he sample is too limited/not representative, including only those people who…6.The result of the nationwide survey may not be representative enough to reflectthe true situation in… area.7.Does the survey include respondents from different age groups8.The survey does not provide specific statistics (complete information)concerning the effect of…9.Although the total number of … is high, the per … (capita) number might berelatively low.类比：1.Are the two towns/companies fully comparable at every aspect2.The comparison between A and B might not be very reasonable on the groundsthat…the circumstances facing A and B might be very different.3.Without showing that all other conditions in the two areas/universities havebeen essentially the same, the author cannot convince us that…因果关系：1.Although A and B happens at the same time, no evidence was given tosubstantiate the claim that A contribute to B2.Other possible factors should be considered in order to evaluate the realcauses of…列举他因：1.The author overlooks the possibility that (only a small portion of )…2.The arguer ignores other possible factors that may also leads/contribute to…3.Some other possible solutions to the problem of…, such as…, should not beexcluded from consideration.4.段落结尾：1.In short2.In a word结尾：(1)While … might be beneficial to…, this argument is not stronglypersuasive in the absence of additional supporting details.(2)More research should be conducted in order to determine whether the… isa reasonable recommendation/prediction/choice (the appropriateness andeffectiveness of the recommendation provided).难题：1,2,6,74,79,83,85,91论据论点：1.Problems about surveys(1)quantity of the sample(2)the actual meaning or influence of the survey(3)what questions were asked in the survey(4)are the respondents representative2.Problems about statistics or information(1)vague data(2)completeness3.Flaws in the reasoning line(1)false analogy(2)confusing comparison and variation(3)incomplete comparison/selective comparison(4)hasty generalizationA.unrelated conceptsB.changing scopesC.inferring a future condition from a past condition(5)failing to weigh the advantages and disadvantages thoroughly(6)false dilemma(7)cause-effect fallaciesA.confusing the cause and the effectB.non-causal relationshipC.confusing concurrence with causalityD.confusing with the time relationship4.flaws in the conclusion(1)sufficiency and necessity of the solutionfailing to consider the feasibility of the conclusion(3)。
新GRE分析性写作Arguement官方范文
新GRE分析性写作Arguement官方范文新GRE教辅系列 Serial Textbooks on the GRE Revised General Test Argument 官方范文 Sample Responses of Argument 适用于2022年8月后实行的机考Compatible with the Computer-based Test applied after Aug. 2022In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is therefore sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this year's budget to riverside recreational facilities. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted.Note: All responses are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.Essay Response – Score 6While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this author's argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding.Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city resident's love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validityof that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river. The survey may have been 10 pages long,with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the author's argument.Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smelly river would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the resident's lack of river use and the river's current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river.Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the river's water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the river's water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to thegeography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the river's quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage.A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a city's property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this author's argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6This insightful response identifies important assumptions and thoroughly examines their implications. The proposal to spend more on riverside recreational facilities rests on three questionable assumptions, namely:?that the survey provides a reliable basis for budget planning?that the river?s pollution and odor are the only reasons for its limited recreationaluse?that efforts to clean the water and remove the odor will be successful By showing that each assumption is highly suspect, this essay demonstrates the weakness of the entire argument. For example, paragraph 2 points out that the survey might not have used a representative sample, might have offered limited choices, and might have contained very few questions on water sports.Paragraph 3 examines the tenuous connection between complaints and limited use of the river for recreation. Complaints about water qualityand odor may be coming from only a few people and, even if such complaints are numerous, other completely different factors may be much more significant in reducing river usage. Finally, paragraph 4 explains that certain geologic features may prevent effective river clean-up. Details such as these provide compelling support.In addition, careful organization ensures that each new point builds upon the previous ones. For example, note the clear transitions at the beginning of paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the logical sequence of sentences within paragraphs (specifically paragraph 4).Although this essay does contain minor errors, it still conveys ideas fluently. Note the effective word choices (e.g., “rife with…assumptions〞 and “may have swayed residents〞). In addition, sentences are not merely varied; they also display skillful embedding of subordinate elements. For example, note the sustained parallelism in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph.Since this response offers cogent examination of the argument and conveysmeaning skillfully, it earns a score of 6.。
新GRE_Argument官方建议及范文
How to interpret numbers in ArgumentsSome arguments contain numbers, percentages or statistics that are offered as evidence in support of the argument's conclusion. For example, an argument might claim that a certain community event is less popular this year than it was last year because only 100 people attended this year as compared with 150 last year, a 33-percent decline in attendance.It is important to remember that you are not being asked to do a mathematical task with the numbers, percentages or statistics. Instead, you should evaluate these as evidence intended to support the conclusion. In the example above, the conclusion is that a community event has become less popular. You should ask yourself, "Does the difference between 100 people and 150 people support that conclusion?" In this case, there are other possible explanations, e.g., the weather might have been much worse this year, this year's event might have been held at an inconvenient time, the cost of the event might have gone up this year, or there might have been another popular event this year at the same time.Any one of these could explain the difference in attendance and weaken the conclusion that the event was "less popular." Similarly, percentages might support or weaken a conclusion depending on what actual numbers the percentages represent. Consider the claim that the drama club at a school deserves more funding because its membership has increased by 100 percent. This100-percent increase could be significant if there had been 100 members and now there are 200 members, whereas the increase would be much less significant if there had been five members and now there are 10.Remember that any numbers, percentages or statistics in Argument tasks are used only as evidence in support of a conclusion, and you should always consider whether they actually support the conclusion.Tips for this SectionYou are free to organize and develop your response in any way you think will effectively communicate your evaluation of the argument. Your response may, but need not, incorporate particular writing strategies learned in English composition or writing-intensive college courses. GRE readers will not be looking for a particular developmental strategy or mode of writing. In fact, when GRE readers are trained, they review hundreds of Argument responses that, although highly diverse in content and form, display similar levels of critical thinking and analytical writing.For example, readers will see some essays at the 6 score level that begin by briefly summarizing the argument and then explicitly stating and developing the main points of the evaluation. The readers know that a writer can earn a high score by developing several points in an evaluation or by identifying a central feature in the argument and developing that evaluation extensively. You might want to look at the sample Argument responses, particularly at the 5 and 6 score levels, to see how other writers have successfully developed and organized their responses.You should make choices about format and organization that you think support and enhance the overall effectiveness of your evaluation. This means using as many or as few paragraphs as you consider appropriate for your response, e.g., create a new paragraph when your discussion shifts toa new point of evaluation. You might want to organize your evaluation around the structure of the argument itself, discussing it line by line. Or you might want to first point out a central questionable assumption and then move on to discuss related weaknesses in the argument's line of reasoning.Similarly, you might want to use examples to help illustrate an important point in your evaluation or move your discussion forward. However, remember that it is your critical thinking and analytical writing that is being assessed, not your ability to come up with examples. What matters is not the form your response takes, but how insightfully you evaluate the argument and how articulately you communicate your evaluation to academic readers within the context of the task.Sample Essay ResponsesThe sample essays that follow were written in response to the prompt that appears below. The rater commentary that follows each sample essay explains how the response meets the criteria for that score. For a more complete understanding of the criteria for each score point, see the "Analyze an Argument" Scoring Guide.In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is therefore sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this year's budget to riverside recreational facilities.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted.Note: All responses are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.Essay Response — Score 6While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this author's argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding.Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city resident's love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validity of that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river. The survey may have been 10 pages long, with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the author's argument.Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smellyriver would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the resident's lack of river use and the river's current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river.Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the river's water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the river's water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to the geography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the river's quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage.A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a city's property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this author's argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6This insightful response identifies important assumptions and thoroughly examines their implications. The proposal to spend more on riverside recreational facilities rests on three questionable assumptions, namely:∙that the survey provides a reliable basis for budget planning∙that the river’s pollution and odor are the only reasons for its limited recreational use∙that efforts to clean the water and remove the odor will be successfulBy showing that each assumption is highly suspect, this essay demonstrates the weakness of the entire argument. For example, paragraph 2 points out that the survey might not have used a representative sample, might have offered limited choices, and might have contained very few questions on water sports.Paragraph 3 examines the tenuous connection between complaints and limited use of the river for recreation. Complaints about water quality and odor may be coming from only a few people and, even if such complaints are numerous, other completely different factors may be much more significant in reducing river usage. Finally, paragraph 4 explains that certain geologic features may prevent effective river clean-up. Details such as these provide compelling support.In addition, careful organization ensures that each new point builds upon the previous ones. For example, note the clear transitions at the beginning of paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the logical sequence of sentences within paragraphs (specifically paragraph 4).Although this essay does contain minor errors, it still conveys ideas fluently. Note the effective word choices (e.g., "rife with . . . assumptions" and "may have swayed residents"). In addition, sentences are not merely varied; they also display skillful embedding of subordinate elements. For example, note the sustained parallelism in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph.Since this response offers cogent examination of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully, it earns a score of 6.Essay Response — Score 5The author of this proposal to increase the budget for Mason City riverside recreational facilities offers an interesting argument but to move forward on the proposal would definitely require more information and thought. While the correlations stated are logical and probable, there may be hidden factors that prevent the City from diverting resources to this project.For example, consider the survey rankings among Mason City residents. The thought is that such high regard for water sports will translate into usage. But, survey responses can hardly be used as indicators of actual behavior. Many surveys conducted after the winter holidays reveal people who list exercise and weight loss as a top priority. Yet every profession does not equal a new gym membership. Even the wording of the survey results remain ambiguous and vague. While water sports may be among the residents' favorite activities, this allows for many other favorites. What remains unknown is the priorities of the general public. Do they favor these water sports above a softball field or soccer field? Are they willing to sacrifice the municipal golf course for better riverside facilities? Indeed the survey hardly provides enough information to discern future use of improved facilities.Closely linked to the surveys is the bold assumption that a cleaner river will result in increased usage. While it is not illogical to expect some increase, at what level will people begin to use the river? The answer to this question requires a survey to find out the reasons our residents use or do not use the river. Is river water quality the primary limiting factor to usage or the lack of docks and piers? Are people more interested in water sports than the recreational activities that they are already engaged in? These questions will help the city government forecast how much river usage will increase and to assign a proportional increase to the budget.Likewise, the author is optimistic regarding the state promise to clean the river. We need to hear the source of the voices and consider any ulterior motives. Is this a campaign year and the plans a campaign promise from the state representative? What is the timeline for the clean-up effort? Will the state fully fund this project? We can imagine the misuse of funds in renovating the riverside facilities only to watch the new buildings fall into dilapidation while the state drags the riverclean-up.Last, the author does not consider where these additional funds will be diverted from. The current budget situation must be assessed to determine if this increase can be afforded. In a sense, theCity may not be willing to draw money away from other key projects from road improvements to schools and education. The author naively assumes that the money can simply appear without forethought on where it will come from.Examining all the various angles and factors involved with improving riverside recreational facilities, the argument does not justify increasing the budget. While the proposal does highlight a possibility, more information is required to warrant any action.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 5Each paragraph in the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is crucial to the argument. The major assumptions discussed are:∙that a survey can accurately predict behavior∙that cleaning the river will, in itself, increase recreational usage∙that state plans to clean the river will actually be realized∙that Mason City can afford to spend more on riverside recreational facilities Support within each paragraph is both thoughtful and thorough. For example, paragraph 2 points out vagueness in the wording of the survey: Even if water sports rank among the favorite recreational activities of Mason City residents, other sports may still be much more popular. Thus, if the first assumption proves unwarranted, the argument to fund riverside facilities — rather than soccer fields or golf courses — becomes much weaker. Paragraph 4 considers several reasons why river clean-up plans may not be successful (the plans may be nothing more than campaign promises or funding may not be adequate). Thus, the weakness of the third assumption undermines the argument that river recreation will increase and riverside improvements will be needed at all.Instead of dismissing each assumption in isolation, this response places them in a logical order and considers their connections. Note the appropriate transitions between and within paragraphs, clarifying the links among the assumptions (e.g., "Closely linked to the surveys …" or "The answer to this question requires...").Along with strong development, this response also displays facility with language. Minor errors in punctuation are present, but word choices are apt and sentences suitably varied in pattern and length. The response uses a number of rhetorical questions, but the implied answers are always clear enough to support the points being made.Thus, the response satisfies all requirements for a score of 5, but its development is not thorough or compelling enough for a 6.Essay Response — Score 4The problem with the arguement is the assumption that if the Mason River were cleaned up, that people would use it for water sports and recreation. This is not necessarily true, as people may rank water sports among their favorite recreational activities, but that does not mean that those same people have the financial ability, time or equipment to pursue those interests.However, even if the writer of the arguement is correct in assuming that the Mason River will be used more by the city's residents, the arguement does not say why the recreational facilities need more money. If recreational facilities already exist along the Mason River, why should the city allot more money to fund them? If the recreational facilities already in existence will be used more in the coming years, then they will be making more money for themselves, eliminating the need for the city government to devote more money to them.According to the arguement, the reason people are not using the Mason River for water sports is because of the smell and the quality of water, not because the recreational facilities are unacceptable.If the city government alloted more money to the recreational facilities, then the budget is being cut from some other important city project. Also, if the assumptions proved unwarranted, and more people did not use the river for recreation, then much money has been wasted, not only the money for the recreational facilities, but also the money that was used to clean up the river to attract more people in the first place.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 4This competent response identifies two unstated assumptions:∙that cleaning up the Mason River will lead to increased recreational use∙that existing facilities along the river need more fundingParagraph 1 offers reasons why the first assumption is questionable (e.g., residents may not have the necessary time or money for water sports). Similarly, paragraphs 2 and 3 explain that riverside recreational facilities may already be adequate and may, in fact, produce additional income if usage increases. Thus, the response is adequately developed and satisfactorily organized to show how the argument depends on questionable assumptions.However, this essay does not rise to a score of 5 because it fails to consider several other unstated assumptions (e.g., that the survey is reliable or that the efforts to clean the river will be successful). Furthermore, the final paragraph makes some extraneous, unsupported assertions of its own. Mason City may actually have a budget surplus so that cuts to other projects will not be necessary, and cleaning the river may provide other real benefits even if it is not used more for water sports.This response is generally free of errors in grammar and usage and displays sufficient control of language to support a score of 4.Essay Response — Score 3Surveys are created to speak for the people; however, surveys do not always speak for the whole community. A survey completed by Mason City residents concluded that the residents enjoy water sports as a form of recreation. If that is so evident, why has the river not been used? The blame can not be soley be placed on the city park department. The city park department can only do as much as they observe. The real issue is not the residents use of the river, but their desire for a more pleasant smell and a more pleasant sight. If the city government cleans the river, it might take years for the smell to go away. If the budget is changed to accomodate the clean up of the Mason River,other problems will arise. The residents will then begin to complain about other issues in their city that will be ignored because of the great emphasis being placed on Mason River. If more money is taken out of the budget to clean the river an assumption can be made. This assumption is that the budget for another part of cit maintenance or building will be tapped into to. In addition, to the budget being used to clean up Mason River, it will also be allocated in increasing riverside recreational facilites. The government is trying to appease its residents, and one can warrant that the role of the government is to please the people. There are many assumptions being made; however, the government can not make the assumption that people want the river to be cleaned so that they can use it for recreational water activities. The government has to realize the long term effects that their decision will have on the monetary value of their budget.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 3Even though much of this essay is tangential, it offers some relevant examination of the argument’s assumptions. The early sentences mention a questionable assumption (that the survey results are reliable) but do not explain how the survey might have been flawed. Then the response drifts to irrelevant matters — a defense of the city park department, a prediction of budget problems and the problem of pleasing city residents.Some statements even introduce unwarranted assumptions that are not part of the original argument (e.g., "The residents will then begin to complain about other issues" and "This assumption is that the budget for another part of city maintenance or building will be tapped into"). Near the end, the response does correctly note that city government should not assume that residents want to use the river for recreation. Hence, the proposal to increase funding for riverside recreational facilities may not be justified.In summary, the language in this response is reasonably clear, but its examination of unstated assumptions remains limited and therefore earns a score of 3.Essay Response — Score 2This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical.First, this statement mentions raking water sports as their favorite recreational activities at the first sentence. However, it seems to have a ralation between the first sentence and the setence which mentions that increase the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. This is a wrong cause and result to solve the problem.Second, as a reponse to the complaints from residents, the state plan to clean up the river. As a result, the state expects that water sports will increase. When you look at two sentences, the result is not appropriate for the cause.Third, the last statement is the conclusion. However, even though residents rank water sports, the city government might devote the budget to another issue. This statement is also a wrong cause and result.In summary, the statement is not logical because there are some errors in it. The supporting setences are not strong enough to support this issue.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 2Although this essay appears to be carefully organized, it does not follow the directions for the assigned task. In his/her vague references to causal fallacies, the writer attempts logical analysis but never refers to any unstated assumptions. Furthermore, several errors in grammar and sentence structure interfere with meaning (e.g., "This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical").Because this response "does not follow the directions for the assigned task" and contains errors in sentence structure and logical development, it earns a score of 2.Essay Response — Score 1The statement assumes that everyone in Mason City enjoys some sort of recreational activity, which may not be necessarily true. They statement also assumes that if the state cleans up the river, the use of the river for water sports will definitely increase.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 1The brevity of this two-sentence response makes it fundamentally deficient. Sentence 1 states an assumption that is actually not present in the argument, and sentence 2 correctly states an assumption but provides no discussion of its implications. Although the response may begin to address the assigned task, it offers no development. As such, it is clearly "extremely brief ... providing little evidence of an organized response" and should earn a score of 1.。
greargument范文全翻译
新GRE argument 所有题目的中文翻译+提纲☆☆210T "Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy."210. 一致几乎总是磨灭掉个人的创造力和活力。
①在群体中，一致是有好处的。
A当大家目标一致时，效率会更高。
B大家想法一样，气氛比较和谐。
团队合作精神会更高，而这正是今天组织所重视的。
也就是更有活力。
②当团队比较一致时，可以为团队的创造力提供基础。
A团队中的理念为创造力提供了基础。
没有任何基础的创造只能是空想。
B团队中一致的话，会鼓励人们说出自己的观点，其实是鼓励了创造。
③当一致过分了时，毫无疑问会阻碍创造和活力。
Cultural Revolution. Copernicus死了才敢公布他的学说☆☆211T "Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future." 211. 很多人们假设为“事实”的信息实际上都是不准确的。
因此，人们应该怀疑被认为是“事实”的每条信息，因为这些信息有可能在将来被证明是错误的① 的确信息有很多是不正确的 A 有的人为了自己的目的篡改信息 B有得是由于主观立场或技术水平的限制不能得到正确的信息。
② 科技能帮助我们提高认识的客观性。
如：A各种度量单位。
温度用centigrade而不是感觉；速度；B 各种仪器 telescope③ 过分怀疑counterproductive. A 科技将无法发展，我们总是建立在一些理论之上的。
GRE的argument写作万能模板
GRE的argument写作万能模板为了帮助大家备考gre。
了解更多关于gre的知识，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来GRE 的argument写作万能模板，希望大家喜欢。
GRE 的argument写作万能模板一. 背景介绍-----万能123的诞生它的优势在于：让你用最快的时间找出攻击点，不仅解决攻击语言还解决攻击顺序，还能节省你考试时列提纲的时间我刚开始复习时也是很苦恼，但是当我对着北美范文写了十几篇并日日思索之后，发现了一个万能找茬法。
它的精髓就在于教你写一套属于自己的万能123模板，这个模板不仅解决你语言，攻击顺序，更你提高你的效率，即给你一个找茬的火眼金睛，又给你一个呼之欲出的思路。
我考前一天把我自己的模板背了又背了一遍，考的那篇文章我虽没写过，但是我在issue和argument 中场休息的1分钟之内把我的万能123找茬写在草稿纸上，题目出来后仅仅花了1分钟在万能123找茬勾出题目中题目中的错误点，这样连提纲都省了，还非常有条理。
我考之前把这个提纲发给我一同学让她好好背。
现在拿出来和大家分享，还准备发一份给那个作文老师，以提高他的教学质量。
二. 精华部分---万能123找茬1. 从整体来说：开头结尾不是最重点，中间部分才是重中之重2. 就中间部分来说：具体的语言不是最重点，攻击思路才是重中之重结论就是，攻击思路是重中之重，所以万能123找茬才是重中之重，比万能123模板(语言文字)及开头结尾给重要。
三.精华部分的注释这里是注释：(对照序号看)① 一因为此调查或研究没有提到样本sample，所以可以攻击其样本可能不具代表性，例如1。
样本太小不具代表性2。
样本特殊不具代表性二有了样本仍然可攻击样本没有代表性，例如1。
样本太小不具代表性2。
样本的倾向性问题，即某类人群比其他多数人更愿意参加调查或研究三没有论据的声称其实是很万能的，多用于攻击一些不是调查也不是研究的论据(具体可参照我的例文)② 一这个嘛虽然被某些新东方老师分为3大类，其实本质还是一样的，就是一个群体的特征推到另一个群体身上。
新GRE 北美范文精析 Argument 50 范文精析
50、An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia —the scent of lavender flowers —has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.The speaker concludes that the scent of lavender provides an effective short-term cure for insomnia. To support this conclusion the speaker cites a three-week experiment in which researchers monitored the apparent effects of lavender on 30 insomniacs, who slept on lavender-scented pillows each night of the experiment. The speaker's account the experiment reveals several critical problems with it. Together, these problems serve toundermine the speaker's argument.A threshold problem involves the definition of insomnia. The speaker fails to define this critical term. If insomnia is defined as an inability to fall asleep, then how soundly or long a person sleeps, or how fired a person feels after sleep, is irrelevant to whether the person suffers from insomnia. In short, without a dear definition of insomnia it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.Another fundamental problem is that the speaker omits to inform us about the test subjects' sleep patterns just prior to the experiment. It is impossible to conclude with any confidence that the subjects benefited from sleeping on lavender-scented pillows withoutcomparing how they slept with the pillows to how they sleep without them.Yet another problem involves the fact that subjects slept more soundly and awakenedless fired the first week than the second, and that they used their regular sleep medication the first week but not the second. This evidence tends to show only that the subjects' other sleep medications were effective; it proves nothing about the effectiveness of lavender.A fourth problem involves the speaker's account of the experiment's third week, during which the speaker reports only that the subjects slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. We are not informed whether the subjects took any medication during the third week. Assuming they did not, any one of a variety of factors other than the lavender-scented pillows might explain the third week's results. Perhaps the subjects were simply making up for sleep they lost the previous week when they discontinued their regular medication. Or perhaps the subjects were finally becoming accustomed to the lavender-scented pillows, which actually disturbed sleep initially. In short, without ruling out other explanations for the third week's results, the speaker cannot confidently identify what causedthe subjects to sleep longer and more soundly that week.Two final problems with the argument involve the experimental process. The experiment's results are reliable only if all other factors that might affect sleep patterns remained constant during the three-week period, and if the number of experimental subjects is statistically significant. Without evidence of the experiment's methodological and statistical reliability, the speaker's conclusion is unjustifiable. 有效总结相当于explanation动词用的很到位这个是用来攻击偷换概念 --睡着和睡的好这个建议改成攻击睡的好 的原因和薰衣草没 关系这个可以不做具体攻击 同时，作者的攻击也 不够深刻这里可以写薰衣草和枕头 这对偷换概念In conclusion, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. To strengthen the assertion that lavender-scented pillows provide a short-term cure for insomnia, the author must provide evidence that the test subjects' insomnia was worse just prior to the experiment than at the conclusion of the experiment, and that the number of subjects is statistically sufficient to warrant the conclusion. To better assess the argument, we would need a clear definition of insomnia, as well as more information about whether the researchers conducted the experiment in a controlled environment.本篇文章的论述相对比较肤浅没有从作者的逻辑错误着手，并展开详细的攻击大家再写的时候可以写两对偷换概念 + 因果错误。
GRE英语作文考试ARGUMENT的范文
GRE英语作文考试ARGUMENT的GRE英语作文考试ARGUMENT的范文Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. The following is a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.As a local merchant, I wish to support the development of a ski resort in the state park north of our township. Along with many other merchants who favor the proposal by Ski the Slopes, Incorporated, I would, of course, experience a growth in my business. But I also know how much more prosperous, not to mention lively and interesting, our community would be if tourism increased. Since the main opposition comes from a few environmentalists who do not even live in this community, I see no reason to give in to their views. The First National Bank has finally researched the project and agreed to fund it. As a result, I see no reason to delay development of the resort.Environmentalists are people who advocate the preservation of the natural environment.The Trash-Site Safety Council has recently conducted a statewide study of possible harmful effects of garbage sites on the health of people living near the sites. A total of five sites and 300 people were examined. The study revealed, on average, only a small statistical correlation between the proximity of homes to garbage sites and the incidence of unexplained rashes among people living in these homes. Furthermore, although it is true that people living near the largest trash sites had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes, there was otherwise no correlation between the size of the garbage sites and people s health. Therefore, the council is pleased to announce that the current system of garbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard.We see no need to restrict the size of such sites in our state or to place any restrictions on the number of homes built near the sites.。
2020新GRE 北美范文精析 Argument 范文精析- 9篇
3、Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.This editorial concludes that the city should ban skateboarding from its downtown Central Plaza in order to attract visitors to that area, to return the area to its "former glory,"and to make it "a place where people can congregate for fun and relaxation." To justify this conclusion the editorial points out that skateboarders are nearly the only people one sees anymore at Central Plaza, and that the Plaza is littered and its property defaced. The editorialalso points out that the majority of downtown merchants support the skate boarding ban. This argument is flawed in several critical respects. First, the editorial's author falsely assumes that a ban on skateboarding is both necessary and sufficient to achieve the three stated objectives. Perhaps the city can achieve those objectives by other means as well--for example, by creating a new mall that incorporates an attractive new skateboard park. Even if banning skateboarders altogether is necessary to meet the city's goals, the author has not shown that this action by itself would suffice. Assuming that the Plaza's reputation is now tarnished, restoring that reputation and, in turn, enticing people back to the Plaza might require additional measures--such as removing litter and graffiti, promoting the Plaza to the public, or enticing popular restaurant or retail chains tothe Plaza. Secondly, the editorial assumes too hastily that the Plaza's decline is attributable to theskateboarders--rather than to some other phenomenon. Perhaps the Plaza's primary appeal in its glory days had to do with particular shops or eateries, which were eventually replaced by less appealing ones. Or perhaps the crime rate in surrounding areas has risen dramatically, for reasons unrelated to the skateboarders' presence at the Plaza. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for the Plaza's decline, the editorial's author cannot convince me that a skateboard ban would reverse that decline. Thirdly, the editorial's author might be confusing cause with effect--by assuming that the skateboarders caused the abandonment of the Plaza, rather than vice versa. It is entirely possible that skateboarders did not frequent the Plaza until it was largely abandoned —andbecause it had been abandoned. In fact this scenario makes good sense, since skateboarding is most enjoyable where there are few pedestrians or motorists to get in the way.that the ban would be effective in achieving the city's objectives. Admittedly, perhaps these merchants would be more likely to help dean up the Plaza area and promote their businesses were the city to act in accordance with their preference. Yet lacking any supporting evidence the author cannot convince me of this. Thus the survey amounts to scant evidence at best that the proposed ban would carry the intended result.Finally, the author recommends a course of action that might actually defeat the city's objective of providing a fun and relaxing place for people to congregate. In my experience 这个概括给满分这个部分可以删掉，没有逻辑意义be attributed to 有效地搭建了因果关系，这个词组大家可以放心使用这两段的内容有点雷同 虽然在攻击的重点上一样，但是都针对滑滑板和商场的，我们可以考虑只写一个infer可以用来 体现assumption 这类 写作要求的key words这段没有足够多的攻击细节大家在考试的时候只需要选3个逻辑错误就够了但是每个逻辑错误的点要全面，足够insightfulalike, more so than many other types of ambiance. Without considering that continuing to allow skateboarding--or even encouraging this activity--might achieve the city's goal more effectively than banning the activity, the author cannot convincingly conclude that the ban would be in the city's best interests.In sum, the argument is a specious one. To strengthen it, the editorial's author must provide dear evidence that skateboarding, and not some other factor, is responsible for the conditions marking the Plaza's decline. The author must also convince me that no alternative means of restoring the Plaza are available to the city, and that the proposed ban by itself would suffice to attract tourists and restore the Plaza to its former glory. Finally, to better assess the argument it would be useful to know the circumstances under which the downtown merchants would be willing to help the city achieve its objectives.3、Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.This editorial concludes that the city should ban skateboarding from its downtown Central Plaza in order to attract visitors to that area, to return the area to its "former glory,"and to make it "a place where people can congregate for fun and relaxation." To justify this conclusion the editorial points out that skateboarders are nearly the only people one sees anymore at Central Plaza, and that the Plaza is littered and its property defaced. The editorialalso points out that the majority of downtown merchants support the skate boarding ban. This argument is flawed in several critical respects. First, the editorial's author falsely assumes that a ban on skateboarding is both necessary and sufficient to achieve the three stated objectives. Perhaps the city can achieve those objectives by other means as well--for example, by creating a new mall that incorporates an attractive new skateboard park. Even if banning skateboarders altogether is necessary to meet the city's goals, the author has not shown that this action by itself would suffice. Assuming that the Plaza's reputation is now tarnished, restoring that reputation and, in turn, enticing people back to the Plaza might require additional measures--such as removing litter and graffiti, promoting the Plaza to the public, or enticing popular restaurant or retail chains tothe Plaza. Secondly, the editorial assumes too hastily that the Plaza's decline is attributable to theskateboarders--rather than to some other phenomenon. Perhaps the Plaza's primary appeal in its glory days had to do with particular shops or eateries, which were eventually replaced by less appealing ones. Or perhaps the crime rate in surrounding areas has risen dramatically, for reasons unrelated to the skateboarders' presence at the Plaza. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for the Plaza's decline, the editorial's author cannot convince me that a skateboard ban would reverse that decline. Thirdly, the editorial's author might be confusing cause with effect--by assuming that the skateboarders caused the abandonment of the Plaza, rather than vice versa. It is entirely possible that skateboarders did not frequent the Plaza until it was largely abandoned —andbecause it had been abandoned. In fact this scenario makes good sense, since skateboarding is most enjoyable where there are few pedestrians or motorists to get in the way.that the ban would be effective in achieving the city's objectives. Admittedly, perhaps these merchants would be more likely to help dean up the Plaza area and promote their businesses were the city to act in accordance with their preference. Yet lacking any supporting evidence the author cannot convince me of this. Thus the survey amounts to scant evidence at best that the proposed ban would carry the intended result.Finally, the author recommends a course of action that might actually defeat the city's objective of providing a fun and relaxing place for people to congregate. In my experience 这个概括给满分这个部分可以删掉，没有逻辑意义be attributed to 有效地搭建了因果关系，这个词组大家可以放心使用这两段的内容有点雷同 虽然在攻击的重点上一样，但是都针对滑滑板和商场的，我们可以考虑只写一个infer可以用来 体现assumption 这类 写作要求的key words这段没有足够多的攻击细节大家在考试的时候只需要选3个逻辑错误就够了但是每个逻辑错误的点要全面，足够insightfulalike, more so than many other types of ambiance. Without considering that continuing to allow skateboarding--or even encouraging this activity--might achieve the city's goal more effectively than banning the activity, the author cannot convincingly conclude that the ban would be in the city's best interests.In sum, the argument is a specious one. To strengthen it, the editorial's author must provide dear evidence that skateboarding, and not some other factor, is responsible for the conditions marking the Plaza's decline. The author must also convince me that no alternative means of restoring the Plaza are available to the city, and that the proposed ban by itself would suffice to attract tourists and restore the Plaza to its former glory. Finally, to better assess the argument it would be useful to know the circumstances under which the downtown merchants would be willing to help the city achieve its objectives.。
GRE作文argument参考范文
GRE作文argument参考范文第1篇：GRE作文argument参考范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingwaswrittenasapartofanapplicationforasmallbu sinessloanbyagroupofdevelopersinthecityofmonroe.ajazzmusicclubinmonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitablee nterprise.currently,thenearestjazzclubis65milesaway;thus,ourpro posedclub,thecnote,wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.plus,jazz isextremelypopularinmonroe:over100,000peopleattendedmonro esjaz*estivallastsummer,severalwell-knownjazzmusiciansliveinmonroe,andthehighest-ratedradioprograminmonroeisjazznightly,whichairseveryweekni ght.finally,anationwidest未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofabatavianews paper.thedepartmentofagricultureinbataviareportsthatthenumb erofdairyfarmsthroughoutthecountryisnow25percentgreatertha nitwas10yearsago.duringthissametimeperiod,however,thepriceo fmilkatthelocalexcellofoodmarkethasincreasedfrom$1.50toover$ 3.00pergallon.topreventfarmersfromcontinuingtoreceiveexcessiv eprofitsonanapparentlyincreasedsupplyofmilk,thebataviagovern mentshouldbegintoregulateretailmilkprices.suchregulationisnec essarytoensurebothlowerpricesanda未完，继续阅读 >第3篇：GMAT考试：Argument写作范文参考inthiseditorialtheauthorassertsthatopinionpollsarelittlebette rthanrandomguessestopredictingoutesofpresidentialelections.theauthorsbasisforthisassertionisthatopinionpollsmeasureonlythe preferencesofvotersatthetimeofthepollandthatmanyvoterschang etheirpreferencesseveraltimebeforevoting?someremainingunde cideduntilthemomenttheycasttheirvote.theauthorsreasoningisu nconvincingintwocriticalrespects.firstofaltthepredictionsbasedonrandomguessingaresuchthat thegreaterthenumberofcandidates,thelesslikelythepredictionwill becorrect.thereasonforthisisobvious:ran未完，继续阅读 >第4篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文赏析discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.inastudyofreadinghabitsofleevillecitizensconductedbytheuni versityofleeville,mostrespondentssaidtheypreferredliteraryclassi csasreadingmaterial.however,afollow-upstudyconductedbythesameresearchersfoundthatthetypeofbo okmostfrequentlycheckedoutofeachofthepubliclibrariesinleeville wasthemysterynovel.therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattherespond entsinthefirststudyhadmisrepresentedtheirreadinghabits.arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplelivingonthecontinentofnortha mericasuffer9timesmorechronicfatigueand31timesmorechronicd epre未完，继续阅读 >第5篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT真题四４４、thefollowingistakenfromanadvertisementplacedinaweeklybusine ssmagazinebythedickensacademy.wedistributedasurveytoseniormanagementatinternationalm ega-publishing,inc.theresultofthesurveyclearlyindicatesthatmanyemp loyeeswerewellpreparedinbusinessknowledgeandputerskills,butlackedinterpersonalskillstointeractgracefullywithcustomers.intern ationalmega-publishingdecidedtoimprovecustomersatisfactionbysendingthei rnewlyhiredemployeestoourone-dayseminars.sincetakingadvantageofourprogram,internationalm ega-publishinghasseenasharpincreaseinsales,anindicatio 未完，继续阅读 >第6篇：GRE作文精选：Argumentgre作文精选：argumentdiscusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepr esidentofnature'sway,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherh ealth-relatedproducts."previousexperiencehasshownthatourstoresaremostprofitab leinareaswhereresidentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthyli ves.weshouldthereforebuildournextnewstoreinpainesville,which hasmanysuchresidents.painesvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofru nningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs.thelocalhealthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagodue tolackofbusiness,has未完，继续阅读 >第7篇：GMAT Argument作文备考方案范本参考不难看出，gmatargument作文主要考察的是考生的逻辑分析和判断能力，而提高此能力不妨结合cr部分；同时，考生也需要熟悉题库，力求对题目素材预先进行分析从而培养良好的判断和推论能力，并且多对行文结构和切入点有所构思甚至是设计，如此一来，便容易在考场上轻松写出一篇出*的文章了。
GRE写作 ARGUMENT 模版
开头In the argument (memo, the article , ....), the athor (the editor , the president , the major....) claims ( concludes, predicts , recommends )that. It seems to be true that ......when going through what the author provides at first sight. However , further considerations show thatA 证据：to better evaluate the argument , there is much evidence which is not provided but is needed.First of all ,we need more detailed information which can give the real cause of the rise of grades.........with out better evidence that .....the ...will be convincing.Secondly, we need the evidence from which we can know that whether it is rational to appl.......so, if the fact is that ,......it will lend a support to the ......Last but not the least,the evidence that can show the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure is needed..............therefore, if evidence prove that ......the ...will be seriously weakened.B 假设：the conclusion( prediction, claim, recommendation, ) is based on a series of assumptions which are need to be more examined .First of all , the author assumes that the accidents in and around Centerville involving teenage drivers happen very frequently according to the evidence provided in the argument and they are all teenage drivers' fault..........thus, if the assumption can not be warranted, the argument will be unpersuasive.Secondly, the argument relies on the assumption that the mandatory program sponsored by the high school will sure to be effective,there is no evidence can lend a support,however.......so, if the fact is that ,the assumption will be unwarranted, thus making the ...less convincing.Last but not the least,the argument rests on a assumption that most of the video-game players owns a most up-to-date computer which allows them to play the games provide livelike graphics......therefore , if the assumption can not be substantiated, the argument will be seriously weakened.is rooted in/depend onC 问题：to better evaluate the recommendation (advice ,prediction), there are many questions to be answered in advance.First of all ,whether is it rational to take Apex Theater which is located outside the town as an example tolead to the conclusion that the Rialto Movie Theater which has a downtown location needs the same changes?......thus , without a clear answer, the ...will be unpersuasive.Secondly, whether is it reasonable to apply the result of the survey which is in the northeastern United States cities to infer the market condition of the whole nation? So ,if the fact is ,.....it will lend a support to ......Last but not the least,can the evidence ,which show that the average Dura-Sock customer actually purchases new Dura-Socks every three months and they most value Dura-Sock's stylish appearance and availability in many colors,indicant that customers care little about the durability ? Therefore, if the answer is ....the argument will be seriously weakened.D 解释：there are other explanations that can alternatively,and even better , account for the facts presented.First of all , the ........may result from the fact that ..............thus, if this is the fact, the argument will be unpersuasive.Secondly, the reason why.......maybe that , rather than.....,which is provided by the author.so ,since the existence of this explanation ,the argument is be unconvising.Last but not the least, maybe , the ........is due to the fact that ....therefore,since there is no evidance provided to rule out this explanation, the argument is seriously weakened.结尾：In sum, it may be true that .........However the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are far from convincing when merely according to what the author offers. Since there is......, we can not agree with the .....如果来不及写结尾：In sum , merely according to what the author provies, we can not agree with him.1 调查（有些人抱怨）In the argument , the author provides no relevant information to show how many people were surveyed and how many actully responded .Nor does the author offer any evidence to prove that the sample was represantative of the whole (patrons).What is known to all is that the smaller the sample,the less reliable the survey;the less representative the sample ,the more inaccurate the result. Perhaps , only a few old peole whoparticipated the survey and not all of them gave their answers.For this matter,it is entirely possible that the truth of the fact is completely the contrary:the outcry comes from only a few people ,while others, which are of the greatest proportion of the whole customers , were nonchalance towards what the company did. ......as a result ,the Endure manufacturing process is actually a guarantee of profits rather than a waste of money.In the argument , the author only says that commuters are complaining about the increase in the rash-hour traffic on Blue Highway. But , what actually all the commuters think? Since the author provides no relevant information to show how many people actually complained ,nor does the author offer any evidence to prove that the people he refers were represantative of the whole (patrons)Maybe there is merely a few people complained ,and most of the commuters are saitisfied with the traffic on the highway.For this matter,it is entirely possible that the truth of the fact is completely the contrary:......Thus , an additional lane will be unnecessary.2 类比As we know that only comparison between objects which are essencially the same in other primary aspects can it have the chace making sense . In the argument , unfortunatly,the author dosen't give any information about the Alpha University(AU) can show that the teaching level and the abilities of students are almost the same as the OU so that students should have been the same competent when find jobs. And the argument also lacks the most siginificant information that whether the AU also adopts the students' evaluation of the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. If there is evidence tells that students in AU are the most exellante in the county even in the whole nation , although students in OU have not been as successful as them , these student may still be very successful. And if the students in AU also evaluate their teachers, the comparison will be more meaningless.takes the latter highway for example to prove that3 部分代整体(1与5)Thirdly,whether is it reasonable to apply the result of the survey which is in the northeastern United States cities to infer the market condition of the whole nation? Forasmuch as what experience tells us that the preferences of people vary widely from one place to another, there is a possibility that even the result is accurate which is from a reliable survey in the northeastern United States cities,the fact in other places may be the contrary:As the result of the fact that whether this method to estimate the general market condition is acceptable is unclear,the conclusion is dubious.4 盈亏问题It is know to all that profitbality is function of both revenue and expense. We are not provided any information that can show the price of the fabric supplies and other facilities needed for the production . Nor dose we offerred evidence which shows the scope and the degree of the rise of the clothing prices. Perhaps even other kind of clothes increase in prices, the alpaca overcoat particularlly on the contrary decrease. Even it may be true that the price of the overcoat will increase ,but if the total costs increase much more significant than the revenue the overcoat brings, this kind of overcoat will unlikely to be profitable,no matter how huge the revenue will be. Thus , the assumption is not rational , and it weakens the argument.High price keeps patrons away while lower one makes the revenue even less than expense,no matter how huge the revenue will be.5 以去年的推测现在或以后的the argument is rooted in the assumption that people today are still in favor of the alpaca overcoat and are willing to buy new ones . As we all know that fashions and people's needs are always changing. It maybe true that the alpaca overcoat is popular among people five years ago, but it is not rational to use people's previous propensity to predict what people will prefer today. It is entirely possible that people today have been fed up with seeing this kind of overcoat and few of them are willing to purchase one .6 增加减少的基数不知道7 一些专家，一些领导他们的话可不可信Sencondly , there should be an assumption that what the experts say are rational to be applied to infer that the fatigue and sleep deprivation are significant factors which lead to the on-the-job accidents at QM. On one hand , whether is what the experts say convincing? If their theory do not match the truth , it will be useless to cite what they discover here. On the other hand , even if the experts tell the truth , there is no realible evidence the president provides can indicate that the workers are now all faced with the problems ,fatigue and sleep deprivation, the theory may also be of no use here.T hus , if the president combine a convicing theory with an reliabe survey among works of their physical condition to lend a support to the assumption , the argument may be more persuative8 有没有其他的选择？就只能选这个公司？9 有没有副作用？或者好处？（肯定理由，但是质疑结论）10 一种措施等的改变考虑结果的时候时间是否够，有没有别的原因、Secondly, the answer to the question that does the changes of the Apex Theater prove to be worthy that it has brought big profits should be solved. It is true that the AT has done something special , but no evidence shows that he benefits greatly due to what he did.Maybe when residents choose a theater , they seldom take the carpeting , seats and even the videoarcade into considertation but the other factors such as the security of the theaters. Even if the new equipments really can attract more people to come , but as the profitability is a function of both revenue and expense, it is entirely possible that the increased revenue, no matter how huge it is , is still much less than the expense .As a consquence , the answer that can tell the result of the new equipments brought is necessary .11 新进了设备，工作人员怎么样有助于怎么样按照内容分：A 道路.If we are provided with the information that the Blue Highway is located in the contryside and has a smooth surface while the Green Highway is near to the center of the city and its pavement is rough, the same measures taken among these two highways will be more likely to result in different outcomes.As a consqeunce , before adopting the recommendation , the evidence which can more specificly describe the two highways is needed.B 电视节目C 公司的比较，员工，效率，收费等等D 教育问题E 我们公司的策略问题F对argument，第一段，the ....offers no....Nor does..第二段，however，the ....is more likely to be false. ........for one thing , for another ,,,,,,,in addition.......第三段，the facts may not match what the author think. Perhaps , or perhaps.......关于每段展开，必要的三要素：作者没有交代，作者错误理解；可能的情况；这样的后果（这点很重要，分析）。
GRE写作Argument范文1
6.开头：1. In this article, the author concludes that the decline in arctic deer population must be due to global warming, which has led to the melting of ice.2. Her conclusion is mainly based on the following evidence. (1)Local hunter reports that deer number is decreasing; (2) arctic deer needs to travel on ice from island to island in order to find food; (3) global warming has caused ice to melt.3. However, the above evidence is insufficient for the author to draw the conclusion, unless she provides more relevant information.正文：第一段：1. First of all, the author clearly assumes that the global warming trend is significant enough to impact the thickness of ice over the region where arctic deer live.2. However, granted that much ice is beginning to melt, it may happen in places relatively warmer than where the deer reside. In fact, this area may still be quite coldand the ice is frozen almost the entire year. Thus, the migration pattern of the deer has not been influenced at all, so global warming cannot have been the cause of the decline in deer population.3. Thus, the author should provide more specific information regarding the extent to which ice has melted around this region, or else her conclusion can only remain questionable.第二段：1. Furthermore, the author also assumes that the hunter s’ report is reliable.2. However, perhaps deer are the common prey for hunters. Because of many years of being chased around, nowadays deer have become more alert of danger from human and are thus better at hiding themselves. As a result, even if deer population has actually remained stable, the observed number is much smaller than before.3. Hence, the author had better draw evidence from more trustworthy sources, rather than simply rely on words from some random hunters. Otherwise, there may be nothing to explain in the first place.第三段：1. Last, even if ice has begun to melt where the deer travel, and even if the number of deer has drastically declined, it does not entail that the decrease results from the melting of ice. Clearly, the author assumes that no other causes can equally account for the phenomenon.2. However, perhaps a contagious and deadly disease has started spreading among the deer population. Or perhaps the local hunting activity has become much more intense than ever. Or maybe the number of other predators of deer has grown exponentially. All these possibilities, if true, would help explain such decline.3. Thus, the author needs to provide further information regarding the health status of the deer herd, the intensity of hunting around the region, and the change in number of deer’s predators.结尾：In conclusion, the author should offer all aforementioned evidence, so that she can legitimately conclude that the melting of ice is the villain for the decline of deer population.。
新GRE分析性写作Arguement官方范文
Note: All responses are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.Essay Response – Score 6While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this author's argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding.Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city resident's love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validity of that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river. The survey may have been 10 pages long,with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the author's argument.Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smelly river would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the resident's lack of river use and the river's current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river.Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the river's water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the river's water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to the geography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the river's quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage.A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a city's property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this author's argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6This insightful response identifies important assumptions and thoroughly examines their implications. The proposal to spend more on riverside recreational facilities rests on three questionable assumptions, namely:●that the survey provides a reliable basis for budget planning●that the river’s pollution and odor are the only reasons for its limited recreationaluse●that efforts to clean the water and remove the odor will be successfulBy showing that each assumption is highly suspect, this essay demonstrates the weakness of the entire argument. For example, paragraph 2 points out that the survey might not have used a representative sample, might have offered limited choices, and might have contained very few questions on water sports.Paragraph 3 examines the tenuous connection between complaints and limited use of the river for recreation. Complaints about water quality and odor may be coming from only a few people and, even if such complaints are numerous, other completely different factors may be much more significant in reducing river usage. Finally, paragraph 4 explains that certain geologic features may prevent effective river clean-up. Details such as these provide compelling support.In addition, careful organization ensures that each new point builds upon the previous ones. For example, note the clear transitions at the beginning of paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the logical sequence of sentences within paragraphs (specifically paragraph 4).Although this essay does contain minor errors, it still conveys ideas fluently. Note the effective word choices (e.g., “rife with…assumptions”and “may have swayed residents”). In addition, sentences are not merely varied; they also display skillful embedding of subordinate elements. For example, note the sustained parallelism in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph.Since this response offers cogent examination of the argument and conveysmeaning skillfully, it earns a score of 6.Essay Response – Score 5The author of this proposal to increase the budget for Mason City riverside recreational facilities offers an interesting argument but to move forward on the proposal would definitely require more information and thought. While the correlations stated are logical and probable, there may be hidden factors that prevent the City from diverting resources to this project.For example, consider the survey rankings among Mason City residents. The thought is that such high regard for water sports will translate into usage. But, survey responses can hardly be used as indicators of actual behavior. Many surveys conducted after the winter holidays reveal people who list exercise and weight loss as a top priority. Yet every profession does not equal a new gym membership. Even the wording of the survey results remain ambiguous and vague. While water sports may be among the residents' favorite activities, this allows for many other favorites. What remains unknown is the priorities of the general public. Do they favor these water sports above a softball field or soccer field? Are they willing to sacrifice the municipal golf course for better riverside facilities? Indeed the survey hardly provides enough information to discern future use of improved facilities.Closely linked to the surveys is the bold assumption that a cleaner river will result in increased usage. While it is not illogical to expect some increase, at what level will people begin to use the river? The answer to this question requires a survey to find out the reasons our residents use or do not use the river. Is river water quality the primary limiting factor to usage or the lack of docks and piers? Are people more interested in water sports than the recreational activities that they are already engaged in? These questions will help the city government forecast how much river usage will increase and to assign a proportional increase to the budget.Likewise, the author is optimistic regarding the state promise to clean the river. We need to hear the source of the voices and consider any ulterior motives. Is this a campaign year and the plans a campaign promise from the state representative? What is the timeline for the clean-up effort? Will the state fully fund this project? We canimagine the misuse of funds in renovating the riverside facilities only to watch the new buildings fall into dilapidation while the state drags the river clean-up.Last, the author does not consider where these additional funds will be diverted from. The current budget situation must be assessed to determine if this increase can be afforded. In a sense, the City may not be willing to draw money away from other key projects from road improvements to schools and education. The author naively assumes that the money can simply appear without forethought on where it will come from.Examining all the various angles and factors involved with improving riverside recreational facilities, the argument does not justify increasing the budget. While the proposal does highlight a possibility, more information is required to warrant any action.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 5Each paragraph in the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is crucial to the argument. The major assumptions discussed are:●that a survey can accurately predict behavior●that cleaning the river will, in itself, increase recreational usage●that state plans to clean the river will actually be realized●that Mason City can afford to spend more on riverside recreational facilities Support within each paragraph is both thoughtful and thorough. For example, paragraph 2 points out vagueness in the wording of the survey: Even if water sports rank among the favorite recreational activities of Mason City residents, other sports may still be much more popular. Thus, if the first assumption proves unwarranted, the argument to fund riverside facilities —rather than soccer fields or golf courses —becomes much weaker. Paragraph 4 considers several reasons why river clean-up plans may not be successful (the plans may be nothing more than campaign promises or funding may not be adequate). Thus, the weakness of the third assumptionundermines the argument that river recreation will increase and riverside improvements will be needed at all.Instead of dismissing each assumption in isolation, this response places them in a logical order and considers their connections. Note the appropriate transitions between and within paragraphs, clarifying the links among the assumptions (e.g., “Closely linked to the surveys…” or “The answer to this question requires...”). Along with strong development, this response also displays facility with language. Minor errors in punctuation are present, but word choices are apt and sentences suitably varied in pattern and length. The response uses a number of rhetorical questions, but the implied answers are always clear enough to support the points being made.Thus, the response satisfies all requirements for a score of 5, but its development is not thorough or compelling enough for a 6.Essay Response – Score 4The problem with the arguement is the assumption that if the Mason River were cleaned up, that people would use it for water sports and recreation. This is not necessarily true, as people may rank water sports among their favorite recreational activities, but that does not mean that those same people have the financial ability, time or equipment to pursue those interests.However, even if the writer of the arguement is correct in assuming that the Mason River will be used more by the city's residents, the arguement does not say why the recreational facilities need more money. If recreational facilities already exist along the Mason River, why should the city allot more money to fund them? If the recreational facilities already in existence will be used more in the coming years, then they will be making more money for themselves, eliminating the need for the city government to devote more money to them.According to the arguement, the reason people are not using the Mason River for water sports is because of the smell and the quality of water, not because the recreational facilities are unacceptable.If the city government alloted more money to the recreational facilities, then the budget is being cut from some other important city project. Also, if the assumptions proved unwarranted, and more people did not use the river for recreation, then much money has been wasted, not only the money for the recreational facilities, but also the money that was used to clean up the river to attract more people in the first place.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 4This competent response identifies two unstated assumptions:●that cleaning up the Mason River will lead to increased recreational use●that existing facilities along the river need more fundingParagraph 1 offers reasons why the first assumption is questionable (e.g., residents may not have the necessary time or money for water sports). Similarly, paragraphs 2 and 3 explain that riverside recreational facilities may already be adequate and may, infact, produce additional income if usage increases. Thus, the response is adequately developed and satisfactorily organized to show how the argument depends on questionable assumptions.However, this essay does not rise to a score of 5 because it fails to consider several other unstated assumptions (e.g., that the survey is reliable or that the efforts to clean the river will be successful). Furthermore, the final paragraph makes some extraneous, unsupported assertions of its own. Mason City may actually have a budget surplus so that cuts to other projects will not be necessary, and cleaning the river may provide other real benefits even if it is not used more for water sports.This response is generally free of errors in grammar and usage and displays sufficient control of language to support a score of 4.Essay Response – Score 3Surveys are created to speak for the people; however, surveys do not always speak for the whole community. A survey completed by Mason City residents concluded that the residents enjoy water sports as a form of recreation. If that is so evident, why has the river not been used? The blame can not be soley be placed on the city park department. The city park department can only do as much as they observe. The real issue is not the residents use of the river, but their desire for a more pleasant smell and a more pleasant sight. If the city government cleans the river, it might take years for the smell to go away. If the budget is changed to accomodate the clean up of the Mason River, other problems will arise. The residents will then begin to complain about other issues in their city that will be ignored because of the great emphasis being placed on Mason River. If more money is taken out of the budget to clean the river an assumption can be made. This assumption is that the budget for another part of cit maintenance or building will be tapped into to. In addition, to the budget being used to clean up Mason River, it will also be allocated in increasing riverside recreational facilites. The government is trying to appease its residents, and one can warrant that the role of the government is to please the people. There are many assumptions being made; however, the government can not make the assumption that people want the river to be cleaned so that they can use it for recreational water activities. The government has to realize the long term effects that their decision will have on the monetary value of their budget.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 3Even though much of this essay is tangential, it offers some relevant examination of the argument’s assumptions. The early sentences mention a questionable assumption (that the survey results are reliable) but do not explain how the survey might have been flawed. Then the response drifts to irrelevant matters —a defense of the city park department, a prediction of budget problems and the problem of pleasing city residents.Some statements even introduce unwarranted assumptions that are not part of the original argument (e.g., “The residents will then begin to complain about other issues" and "This assumption is that the budget for another part of city maintenance or building will be tapped into”). Near the end, the response does correctly note that city government should not assume that residents want to use the river for recreation. Hence, the proposal to increase funding for riverside recreational facilities may not be justified.In summary, the language in this response is reasonably clear, but its examination of unstated assumptions remains limited and therefore earns a score of 3.This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical.First, this statement mentions raking water sports as their favorite recreational activities at the first sentence. However, it seems to have a ralation between the first sentence and the setence which mentions that increase the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. This is a wrong cause and result to solve the problem. Second, as a reponse to the complaints from residents, the state plan to clean up the river. As a result, the state expects that water sports will increase. When you look at two sentences, the result is not appropriate for the cause.Third, the last statement is the conclusion. However, even though residents rank water sports, the city government might devote the budget to another issue. This statement is also a wrong cause and result.In summary, the statement is not logical because there are some errors in it. The supporting setences are not strong enough to support this issue.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 2Although this essay appears to be carefully organized, it does not follow the directions for the assigned task. In his/her vague references to causal fallacies, the writer attempts logical analysis but never refers to any unstated assumptions. Furthermore, several errors in grammar and sentence structure interfere with meaning (e.g., “This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical”).Because this response “does not follow the d irections for the assigned task”and contains errors in sentence structure and logical development, it earns a score of 2.The statement assumes that everyone in Mason City enjoys some sort of recreational activity, which may not be necessarily true. They statement also assumes that if the state cleans up the river, the use of the river for water sports will definitely increase.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 1The brevity of this two-sentence response makes it fundamentally deficient. Sentence 1 states an assumption that is actually not present in the argument, and sentence 2 correctly states an assumption but provides no discussion of its implications. Although the response may begin to address the assigned task, it offers no development. As such, it is clearly "extremely brief ... providing little evidence of an organized response" and should earn a score of 1.Note: All responses are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.Essay Response – Score 6It might seem logical, at first glance, to agree with the argument in pr. Karp's article that children in Tertia actually are raised by their biological parents (and perhaps even by implication, that an observation-centered approach to anthropological study is not as valid as an interview-centered one). However, in order to fully evaluate this argument, we need to have a significant amount of additional evidence. The argument could end up being much weaker than it seems, or it might actually be quite valid. In order to make that determination, we need to know more then analyze what we learn. The first piece of evidence that we would need in order to evaluate Dr. Karp'sclaims is information about whether or not Tertia and the surrounding island group have changed significantly in the past 20 years. Dr. Field conducted his observational study 20 years ago, and it is possible that Tertia has changed significantly since then. For example, if we had evidence that in teh intervening years Westerners had settled on the island and they introduced a more typical Western-style family structure, it w certainly weaken Dr. Karp's argument. In that case, the original study could have been accurate, and Dr. Karp's study could be correct, as well, though his conclusion that Dr. Field's method is ineffective would be seriously weakened.Another piece of evidence that might help us evaluate this claim involves the exact locations where Dr. Karp's interviews took place. According to this article, Dr. Karp and his graduate students conducted interviews of "children living in the group of island that includes Tertia." If we were to learn that they never interviewed a single Tertian child, it would significantly weaken the conclusion. It could turn out to be the case, for example, that children on Tertia are raised communally, whereas children on other islands nearby are raised by their biological parents.In order to fully evaluate this article, we would also need to learn more about the interview questions that Dr. Karp's team used. What exactly did they ask? We don't know, nor do we know what the children's responses actually were. What did they say about their biological parents? The mere fact that they speak more frequently about their biological parents than they do about other adults does not meant hat they are raised by their biological parents. It would significantly undermine Dr. Karp's argument if it turned out that the children said things like how much they missed their parents or how their parents had left them in a communal environment. Without knowing WHAT the children said, it is hard to accept Dr. Karp's conclusion.It is slightly more difficult to discuss teh evidence we might need in order to evaluate the more interesting claims in Dr. Karp's article, namely his extension of the results of his study to a conclusion that interview-centered methods are inherently more valid than observational-centered approaches. In order to fully evaluate this claim, in fact, we would need to look at many more examples of interview-based and observation-based anthropological studies and we would also need to look intodifferent study designs. Perhaps Dr. Field did not conduct an effective observational study, but other observational approaches could be effective. In order to make such grandiose claims, Dr. Karp really needs a lot of additional evidence (ideally a meta- analysis of hundreds of anthropological studies).Clearly, then, we need to have additional evidence in order to get a more complete understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of Dr. Karp's article. We need to know about Tertia and the surrounding islands, whether or not they have changed over the past 20 years. We also need to know about study design (Dr. Karp's and Dr. Field's). And we really need a lot more information if we want to extend the results of a study about one island culture to all anthropological fieldwork.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 6This outstanding response clearly addresses the specific task directions and presents a cogent, insightful analysis by specifically detailing the impact that different pieces of evidence would have on the argument. The introductory paragraph sets up the organization of the response, and each body paragraph provides the sort of compelling development typical in responses that receive a score of 6. For example, after the writer discusses possible evidence that Tertian child rearing practices have changed over the past 20 years, he or she clearly explains the impact information about those changes might have on the argument, saying, "In that case, the original study could have been accurate, and Dr. Karp's study could be correct, as well, though his conclusion that Dr. Field's method is ineffective would be seriously weakened.” Not only is this argument compelling, but it also demonstrates sophisticated syntax and facility with language. There is more insightful development in the fifth paragraph, in which the miter examines Dr. Karp's claims about interview-based studies. Although there are a few typos and minor errors here, nothing in the response distracts from the overall fluency of the writing. Sentences like this one demonstrate the fluent and precise diction and varied syntax that are evident throughout the response: "It could turn out to be the case, for example, that children on Tertia are raised communally,whereas children on other islands nearby are raised by their biological parents." Because of its compelling and insightful development and fluent and precise language, this response fits all of the bu1let points for a 6.Essay Response – Score 5There seems to be an abundance of evidence that, if we were to examine it closely, might make us reconsider Dr. Karp’s argument here. I f we look first at the evidence that might weaken this argument, we can see a lot of the problems with Dr. Karp’s article. It would certainly weaken the argument if we were to discover that Dr. Karp and his students did not actually conduct any of their interviews on the island of Tertia itself. Looking closely at the article, we see that Dr. Karp claims the interviews were conducted with children from the island group that includes Tertia. There is no evidence that they interviewed Tertian children. It would definitely weaken the argument if we were to learn that they interviewed children only on islands close to Tertia. Those islands may or may not have similar child-rearing traditions, and geographic proximity does not guarantee societal similarity.Another piece of evidence that would weaken the argument could come from transcripts of the interviews themselves. Dr. Karp’s a rticle makes the claim that the children “spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults,” but he gives no indication of what exactly they say about their biological parents. After all, the children may be talking about how they never see their parents.One more important piece of evidence that might undermine the argument Dr. Karp is making in this article. He admits that twenty year s have passed since Dr. Field’s study was conducted, but he does not provide evidence that proves child-rearing techniques have not changed significantly in that time. Any number of factors could have led to a significant shift in how children are raised. Influences from other cultures, significant catastrophic events, or a change in government structures could have led to a change in family dynamics. Any evidence of such changes would clearly undermine Dr. Karp’s argument.If we went looking for evidence that could strengthen the argument, we might also find something interesting. Obviously, some of the evidence above might strengthen the argument if they were NOT as discussed above (e.g., if there were evidence thatthe Tertian islands have NOT changed since Dr. Field’s stu dy or if there were transcripts that showed the children spoke about how much they loved living with their biological parents). However, if we discovered that there are numerous interview-based studies that confirm Dr. Karp’s findings, it would go a long way toward bolstering his claim about Tertian child-rearing AND his claim about interview-centered studies being more effective. Another piece of evidence that would st rengthen Dr. Karp’s argument is undermining Dr. Field’s original study. Maybe Dr. Field was sloppy, for example.Dr. Karp’s article, then, ends up looking like something of an empty shell. Depending on the evidence we find to fill it out, we may discover that it is quite convincing, or we could determine that he is full of hot air.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 5This strong response presents a generally thoughtful and well-developed analysis of the argument, and it follows the specific task directions quite clearly. This writer approaches the task by first discussing the evidence that m ight weaken Dr. Karp’s argument and then, in somewhat less depth, considering the evidence that could strengthen it. In both cases the writer analyzes the ways in which the evidence would bear on the argument. For example, the writer notes, “Influences f rom other cultures, significant catastrophic events, or a change in government structures could have led to a change in family dynamics. Any evidence of such changes would clearly undermine Dr. Karp’s argument.” Although the development presented here i s strong, the response does not present the compelling development required for a 6. For instance, in the first paragraph there is some repetition, and in the third paragraph the reader must fill in the implications of potential “changes” in Tertia, which are not fully fleshed out. How could a catastrophic event or a change in governmental structure have led to changes in child rearing traditions? The development, then, is strong but not outstanding. Also, the response demonstrates some facility with language, though it does not convey meaning skillfully enough to merit a score of 6. In general, the。
GRE-Argument-满分范文5篇
ArgumentSample 1In this argument the author employs a variety of evidence about Paleans, including their geographical isolation and the discovery of a basket, to argue that Palean baskets could have been made by non-Palean cultures. We may accept part of the author’s claim regarding the Paleans, but in the absence of some critical evidence, we cannot accept the conclusion that the Paleans have no means of transporting one of their baskets to other region.In the first place, the author assumes that the Paleans could not have reached Lithos because no Palean boat has been found. However, the author is treating a lack of proof that the Paleans could have possessed some kind of boat as sufficient proof that they did not possess any such vehicles at all. From the passage we are only informed that Palean boats “were not found〞, but the mere fact that no boat found currently could not fully illustrate that the Paleans did not have boats. We need concrete evidence to show that the Paleans did not master the skill of shipbuilding.Granted that the Paleans did possess no boats, we still need evidence to prove that the basket could not have arrived in Lithos by other means. Although the Brim River is deep and broad at present, it might be shallower and narrower at Palean time, or at least some sections of the river were less deep and broad at that time. If so, the Paleans could have crossed the river without boat. Some archaeological and geological records or documents about the condition of the Brim River at ancient time might be useful for evaluating the argument.Assuming that the river was also deep and broad in ancient time and can be crossed only by boat, there is a possibility that some vehicles were in the possession of a second culture with whom the Palean people kept in contact. The second culture might have brought the discovered basket to Lithos during trading or other activities. Also possibly, the basket may have been brought to Lithos by some other people latterly after the disappearance of the Paleans, or may have drifted to the site due to geological accidents such as a flood. The author should provide evidence to show that Paleans had no significant contact with other cultures who possessed boats, and that the basket could not be carried to the site through other methods such as trading or some accidents. We still cannot rule out the possibility that the baskets were unique to Palean culture without such information.In sum, the conclusion is hastily reached. Before the claim that other cultures could have produced so-called Palean baskets is accepted, the author should provide concrete evidence to show that Paleans were never capable of building boats. The author also needs to rule out other possible ways by which the basket could travel to other places.In the argument the arguer points out that Crust Copper Company (CCC) has purchased a vast of land in West Fredonia and that mining here will inevitably lead to tremendous pollution. To avoid such environmental problems, the arguer suggests that boycott towards products produced by CCC will be an effective measure. Well-intentioned the arguer may be, several unwarranted assumptions may render the boycott unnecessary or ineffective.First, the underlying assumption that the deterioration of environment and disturbance to endangered animals will inevitably occur is open to doubt. Ten thousand square miles are, without any doubt, so large an area that almost make up the total territory of New York City, there is likelihood that only a very small proportion of the land is used for mining. Furthermore, with the advanced technology of waste disposal and environmental-friendly recycling, the pollution, if any, can be so insignificant that almost has no negative effect to the environment. Even if the exploration is heavy, the arguer does not inform us to what extent the mining areas and the habitat of endangered species overlap. If they locate far away from each other, the mining would have little effect to local animals. Without taking these factors into consideration, the arguer could not successfully convince us that CCC’s mining process will bring about horrible results, and the boycott would be totally unnecessary in this case.Second, the feasibility of the arguer’s pro posal can also be cast doubt on. The proposal could be smoothly carried out only if the consumers can reliably distinguish products that are made with CCC’s copper. We all know that only the brand of the final producer will be engraved to a product. For instance, if a copper lock is manufactured, consumers can only identify the brand of the lock company. It is unlikely that a nonprofessional consumer can tell the material supplier of a certain product. Even assuming that consumers can effectively recognize copper products made with CCC’s copper, and that the vast majority of such consumers can be gathered by certain means, whether all of them are willing to cooperate in the boycott is still not guaranteed. It is highly possible that most consumers care more about the quality and cost of a product while little about environmental problems. If the consumers cannot distinguish products using CCC’s copper, or they have no interest in the boycott, the proposal would be meaningless at all, let alone prevent environmental problems.In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive and the arguer should provide additional information to demonstrate that CCC will cause a disastrous effect on the environment of West Fredonia once its mining plan is carried out. The arguer also needs to prove that the proposed boycott is not only practically feasible, but also sufficient and necessary for the arguer’s purpose.In this argument the manager suggests that Rialto must offer same features as Apex, a newly opened theater, to attract moviegoers. The manager describes many fancy functions featured by Apex and the dissatisfaction of moviegoers about the high price of new movies. However, merely these facts could not prove that the proposed action will guarantee Rialto’s share of the market.A foremost question is: whether Apex was really a great success? We are not informed about the actual profit and the number of moviegoers of Apex. It is possible that the costs of these fashionable features are so high that the ticket prices of Apex are higher than other theaters, which will further prevent moviegoers on a tight budget from going to it, or that the ticket income of Apex remains low although it had featured those functions.Granted that Apex has gained great profits, we may still ask that whether the success resulted from those new features. Many other factors would also influence people’s choice on a theater. For example, people would be concerned more about the distance of the theater from their houses. Meanwhile, whether the lack of these features has caused a decreased share of moviegoers for Rialto is open to doubt. Perhaps the total number of residents in down town area was decreasing recently, and therefore Rialto could not attract as many people as before.Another question that should be addressed is the comparability of the two theaters. As we know, many factors would make them quite different from each other: their locations, the types of movie they mainly feature, the ticket price, etc. Any one of these factors would make the measures less effective in Rialto as in Apex. The manager cannot convince us that Rialto could gain profits by simply copying the features of Apex.Furthermore, we may question the reliability of the survey. We could not be sure if the respondents of the survey are representative of the overall population of the city and constitute a large number of people. Besides, granted that the respondents’ opinion could represent that of our general residents, Rialto could take other actions as response, such as featuring some formerly-released movies with lower price.It is understandable that a theater should struggle for its survival. But before the manager could provide complete information about the actual profits of Apex, and show clear evidence that Apex has attracted many moviegoers because of its new features, we could not hastily conclude that providing these features at Rialto would secure its future prosper.Basing on the assumption that farmers are receiving excessive profits on increased supply of milk, the author recommends Batavia government to regulate retail milk prices. Admittedly, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the stability of the market, however, several questions must be addressed before we could determine whether the regulation will be necessary and effective for lowering milk price.A critical assumption of the argument is that the farmers are receiving unreasonable profits, which is unwarranted before several factors have been considered. A foremost question is that whether the number of dairy farms could accurately reflect the supply of milk, for there is no necessary relationship between them. It is possible that the average milk supply of each single farm has dropped and therefore the total supply would not increase. It is also possible that a great proportion of milk produced has been processed to other dairy products or has been exported. The milk supply on market will decrease in these cases.Granted that the supply of milk did increase during the past decade, we may well ask that whether the prices of milk are increasing all over the country. The author provides only one sample----the Excello market to illustrate the variation of milk price, but many factors may render the situation at the market unrepresentative of the national trends. Perhaps the supply of milk in the region where the market locates was relatively lower than national average, or the milk production is much more costly here due to some geographic factors. Any one of these possibilities would make the higher milk price in Excllo totally a normal phenomenon.Even if the prices of milk were also doubled throughout the country, just as happened in Excello, the author overlooks a myriad of economic factors that would result in the increase. Consider, for example, the cost of milk production and transportation might have increased as well during the same period, or perhaps the supply of milk could not meet the demand in spite of an increased supply. The author also needs to inform us how much did the price of milk actually increase after adjustment for inflation. Without accounting for these factors, the author could not convince us that farmers have received excessive profits and that the regulation is indeed necessary.Finally, even if the author can successfully address all the questions foregoing, it is unjustifiable to conclude that the regulation of retail milk prices could ensure an adequate supply of milk and therefore, a fair price. It is likely that the regulation would reduce the profits of farmers; they might be less interested in producing milk, or will produce less milk as a response. If so, adopting the author’s recommend ation will actually lead to inadequate supply of milk rather than the optimistic result expected by the author.Undoubtedly, the author’s intention of keeping the market stable and ensuring fair price of milk is justified. But to convince us that the regulation is necessary to ensure a reasonable milk price and adequate supply, the author must substantiate the assumption that the profits received by farmers are undeserved and that the regulation is sufficient for ensuring lower price. Hastily carrying out such regulation would actually pose negative effects on the supply of milk.The fewer sick days and lower diagnosis of stress-related illness in Leeville may, to some extent, indicate better health status of residents. But the situation could also be explained by many other factors. It is too hasty for the Chamber of Commerce to conclude that it is the relaxed pace of life that brings those health benefits.First of all, the Chamber implies that Leeville residents are in satisfying health condition, which serves as a foremost premise of the argument. However, the number of sick days and the diagnosis of stress-related illness do not necessarily indicate the health condition of residents. The fewer sick days may result from strict restrictions on sick leaves at Leeville factories; or perhaps the workers will receive harsher punishment once they take too many sick leaves, thus they will be unable to take more sick leaves as a result. Another explanation is that the workers might be unwilling to be absent from work for certain reasons. Similarly, the fewer diagnosis of stress-related illness could also be explained by other reasons. It is possible that people in Leeville are not willing to visit doctors for these diseases, or maybe there are some differences in the diagnostic criteria of the disease in the two cities. If the criterion or definition of the disease is more rigorous in Leeville than in Masonton, then it is conceivable that the incidence of such disease in Masonton will be higher. In this case, the diagnosis of this illness could not accurately reflect the actual level of stress of residents, let alone their actual level health.Granted that Leeville residents are living healthier lives, physically and mentally, there are still many other factors, rather than the relaxed pace of life suggested by the Chamber, that could contribute to the situation. The myriad factors might include better environment and weather, healthier life style in Leeville, which will lead to good health condition and less illness. It is also possible that the working condition and work ethic in Leeville factories are better than those in Masonton, or Leeville has harmonious neighborhoods, which could explain the lower level of mental stress.As commonly known, a relaxed pa ce of life often promotes people’s health status, but we cannot conclude that the better health of Leeville residents is also the result of their pace of life. The Chamber should consider and rule out all other possibilities before we could be convinced that the relaxed lifestyle is the actual and only explanation for the health condition of Leeville residents.。
GRE 作文满分模板Arguement
GRE ARGUMENT 1On the other hand, Ii n the follow-up study the版权声明: 文书的刊登已经过顾客的授权许可, 详情请参见我们的隐私条款, 如果您的文书在经过我们的修改润色后成功帮助您申请到心仪的学校, 您也可以选择将您的申请文书授权给我们, 我们将把您的文书加入到此栏目中, 和更多的同学一起分享. 同时我们对愿意提供给我们做范文的客户会有一定的回馈活动, 具体活动请联系客服详询, 更多修改范文, 欢迎随时来电来函咨询！say. To fix this problem, use clearer words and write more directly with as few words as possible to get your meaning across.I think you can add more to your last 2 paragraphs. The second to last paragraph is only2 sentences, and your argument isn’t really developed (see my comment on the side). If you cannot think of anything else to add, maybe you could delete this paragraph. Your last paragraph, the conclusion, could be improved by going over the rest of yourarguments and summarizing them. Keep the last 2 sentences, though, because they are good for ending.版权声明这篇范文的刊登已经过顾客的授权许可，Best Writing 拥有此篇范文的版权。
GRE Argue 模板
Argument 1_ 杀虫公司In this memo the vice president of the food distribution company recommends selecting Buzzoff Company the best mean to save money. To support this recommendation, the vice president cites the fact that the worthy of the food destroyed in the warehouse which Fly-Away Pest Control Company is in charge of is higher last month. His account of this fact, however, reveals several absent of critical evidence needed to evaluate the judgment. Together, these problems serve to undermine the speaker’s argument.First, the vice president assumes that the result of this certain survey deserves enough credit and is representative of the future 水平of Fly-Away Pest Control Company. However, the president fails to provide any evidence to justify the 权威性of the method they adopted in the survey. Thus it is equally possible that the so-called “damaged” they defined as “caused by pest damage”is the ramification of other kind of causes, such as improper storage conditions. Besides, the data acquired merely in a month is not an adequate indicator of the ability of the Fly-Away Pest Control Company either. Maybe there has been a major 虫灾in the city last month. Since the memo fails to account for this alternative explanation, the president cannot convince me that the result of the food damage survey is capable of reflecting the Fly-Away Pest Control Company’s inferiority. Moreover, without ruling out the possibility that Fly-Away Pest Control Company is working on a more effective way to control pest and the company will be more 有效in the future, the validity of the president’s claim will be deminished.Secondly, even if the survey’s result is reliable, it is not fair to compare the two companies which protected food in two different cities. In order for the justifiability of this comparison, one must assume that all the other relevant circumstances involving the food protection are exactly the same. Unfortunately, this assumption is unwarranted. Perhaps, the Palm city where the Fly-Away Pest Control Company is in charge of has a more suitable environment for the pest’s prosperity. Or, perhaps the warehouse in Palm City is significantly larger than the one in the Wintervale and stores much larger amount of the food. Thus the 20,000 dollars loss does not necessarily demonstrate the Fly-Away Pest Control Company’s disability, if the warehouse in the Palm City is to be protected by Buzzoff Company, the loss might be even bigger.Thirdly, even though the Buzzoff Company is in fact more efficient to control the pest, without providing any information about the prices the two companies charge, the president cannot safely conclude that choosing Buzzoff Company can save more money. If the price they charge is so high that it exceeds the amount saved from food damage by abandoning Fly-Away Pest Control Company, this choice will be inadvisable and inexpedient.In sum, the fact that the recommendation lacks certain essential evidences renders it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation the vice president must provide clear evidence that the result of the survey is correct and representative and that the relevant conditions in two cities is almost identical so that the superiority of the Buzzoff is explicit. To better assess the recommendation, I would also need to know the exact prices both companies charges as well as the estimated loss after the adopting of one of the companies.。
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新GRE写作Argument范文来源：互联网新对于国内考生比较难的一个问题就是中国人的思维与西方人不同，所以的方式也不太一样。
因此，大家可以通过参考一些优秀的新GRE的范文来提高自己的写作水平。
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and otherhealth-related products."Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Painesville, which has many such residents. Painesville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Painesville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age."following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres to all homeowners in Deer haven Acres."Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting."following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis."In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15% over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely ause they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."4."Of the two leading real estate firms in our town---Adams Realty and Fitch Realty---Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."各位考生在新练习中应加强对思维逻辑的重视，平时注意积累论据论证素材，注意借鉴一些新GRE范文，从中吸取对自己有利的写作经验，完善自己的。
来源：互联网新对于国内考生比较难的一个问题就是中国人的思维与西方人不同，所以的方式也不太一样。
因此，大家可以通过参考一些优秀的新GRE的范文来提高自己的写作水平。
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe."A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clear view newspaper."In the next mayoral election, residents of Clear view should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clear view town council, ause the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clear view has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent morepatients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clear view will certainly be solved."following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc."Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country."following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University."Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."各位考生在新练习中应加强对思维逻辑的重视，平时注意积累论据论证素材，注意借鉴一些新GRE范文，从中吸取对自己有利的写作经验，完善自己的。