中文VERBAL题库整理1
高考英语核心语法归纳练习（一）动词王国（含练习答案）
高考英语核心语法归纳练习Ⅱ动词王国板块综述动词为主线，“二态”“一气”非谓语。
动词系列包括动词的分类（四种），动词的谓语功能：时态，语态，虚拟语气；动词的非谓语形式：不定式，动名词，分词。
一. 备考目标题型及考点点拨完形填空：动词词义在语境中的辨用，占本题权重三分之一左右。
语法填空：根据近两年四套课标卷“语法填空”分析，动词权重很大，占3-5题。
通常要求考生根据所给提示动词写出适宜语境的动词形式（包括谓语和非谓语，不限词数，但一般不超2词），或者根据所给动词写出适宜语境的其他相关词形（构词法）。
【高考真题集锦】（2015课标卷I）共4题61. It was raining lightly when I _____(arrive) in Y angshuo just before dawn.答案：arrived（谓语）67-68. Y angshuo _____(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers ___(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Y angshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.答案：67. is（谓语）68. conducted（非谓语）70. Abercrombie & Kent…getaways here for people_______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案：70. living（非谓语）（2015课标卷II）共4题61.The adobe dwellings（土坯房）____(build) by the Pueblo Indians…are…and engineers.答案：built（非谓语）64. In addition to… a house without ____（use）electric equipment.答案：using（非谓语）66-68. When a new day breaks…are now cold enough __66_ (cool) the house during the hot day…This cycle __68 __ (go) day a fter day…答案：66. to cool（非谓语）68. goes（谓语）短文改错：动词谓语和非谓语的错用，包括主谓不一致，时态语态错乱，非谓语错用，典型的是V-ing和V-ed错用，不定式符号to的增删等。
现代汉语考试重点题库及答案
《现代汉语》第一章绪论.语言了解定义语言具备语音,词汇,语法三大要素。
语言是人类最重要地交际工具;是人类认识世界地重要工具；是文化地载体。
文字是在语言地基础上产生地。
语言是第一性地，文字是第二性地。
1.必考现代汉语定义：以北京语音为标准音（这是说采纳北京话地音系），以北方话为基础方言（用其词汇）,以典范地现代白话文著作为语法规范地普通话。
这一句话可以说是必考地,尤其会考填空题。
必背！现代汉语有口语与书面语两种类型。
2.方言了解定义:方言是语言地地域变体。
汉语方言是汉语地地域变体,俗称地方话。
3.必考七大方言区北方方言（官话）以北京话为代表使用人数最多吴方言以苏州话（也有说上海话地）为代表湘方言以长沙话为代表赣方言以南昌话为代表客家方言以广东梅县话为代表这个比较特殊,注意一下闽方言以福州话,厦门话为代表粤方言以广州话为代表4.现代汉语规范化:推广普通话;汉字规范化。
《现代汉语》第二章语音.语音复合式分成:联合型,偏正型,动宾型,主谓型。
举例：姥姥:单纯词，叠音词妈妈:合成词，重叠式民主:合成词，主谓民生:合成词，偏正词义词义地性质:概括性,模糊性,民族性。
大雨，小雨体现地是模糊性鞋,具有概括性词义地分类•理性义•色彩义:感情色彩,语体色彩,形象色彩。
义项义项是词地理性义在辞书中地分项解释。
基本义:最常用，最主要地意义比喻义:通过打比方地方式派生出来地引申义:通过事物之间地有关性联系派生出来地要会区分一词多义与同音同形。
举例：公a：这头羊是公地。
指地是雄性。
b:这项发明不久公之于世。
是公布地意思。
c:这事公事公办。
有公家地意思。
b跟c两者意思相近,它们两个是一词多义。
a则完全不一样，因此a, b, c是同音同形。
公有这三个义项,a, b, c是同音同形。
例题:〃一百米〃中地〃米〃与〃大米〃中是〃米〃属于同音同形。
同义词跟反义词：辨析同义词地理性与色彩地差别。
找到最大地不同点。
例题:辨析〃边境〃跟〃边疆〃答:范围大小不同;边疆范围大,边境范围小。
现代汉语试题库(附答案)
现代汉语试题库（语法·试题）一、单项选择题（下列四个选项中只有一个符合题目要求，请选择并将其标号填在括号内）1、语法这一术语有（）含义A一种B两种C三种D四种2、“人、百、个”这三个词都是（）A体词B谓词C加词D代词3、（）能用数量短语修饰。
A代词B动词C形容词D名词4、（）不能用“不”修饰。
A动词B形容词C名词D副词5、（）表示动作的量。
A名量词B动量词C时量词D形量词6、能带宾语的是（）。
A名词B动词C形容词D副词7、“上来”是（）A助动词B判断动词C趋向动词D及物动词8、“国营、民用、大型”是（）A动词B名词C副词D区别词9、“不、没”都是（）A程度副词B时间副词C范围副词D否定副词10、“很、挺、十分”是（）A程度副词B范围副词C语气副词D情态副词11、“我、你、他”是（）A指示代词B疑问代词C人你代词D名词12、“他在黑板上写字”的“在”是（）A动词B副词C介词D方位词13、“着、了、过”是（）。
A结构助词B动态助词C其他助词D语气词14、“哎哟”是（）A拟声词B语气词C叹词D助词15、“今天星期日”是（）A主谓短语B述宾短语C述补短语D偏正短语16、“彻底解决”是（）A主谓短语B述宾短语C述补短语D偏正短语17、“去打电话”是（）A主谓短语B连动短语C兼语短语D同位短语18、“明代医药家李时珍”是（）A主谓短语B联合短语C偏正短语D同位短语19、“你的到来”是（）A体词性句法结构B谓词性句法结构C加词性句法结构D主谓短语20、“小张写了一篇文章”中的“小张”是（）A施事主语B受事主语C中性主语D谓词性主语21、“跑跑有益健康”中的“跑跑”是（）A施事主语B受事主语C中性主语D谓词性主语22、“主张赶快去”中的“赶快去”是（）A施事宾语B体词性宾语C谓词性宾语D受事宾语23、“问他一件事”中的“一件事”是（）A近宾语B双宾语C远宾语D补语24、“累得要命”中的“要命”是（）A可能补语B趋向补语C情态补语D程度补语25、“我认识他，那位连长”中的“那位连长”是（）A宾语B同位语C复说语D插说语26、“这条鱼，往少里说，也有二斤”中的“往少里说”是（）A复说语B状语C插说语D同位语27、下列句子中的（）是名词句。
外企招聘面试笔试考试题库汇丰(HSBC)--HSBC,verbal1-49(修复的)
munication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honestyacross a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty!An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. TPeople are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. FIt had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F2.There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available reserves of naturalresources and about the extent of environmental damage caused by particular pollutants.Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, based on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. Governments may, for example, refrain from introducing effective control if they fear these will adversely affect company profitability or jobs, even where the environmental cost of not introducing controls are considerable.There is always scientific debate around the facts regarding the reserves of natural resources.TVery rarely is there conflict over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. FParties with a vested interest are more influenced by politics than science when deciding whether to implement environmental controls.C3.Whilst high visibility crime such as night-time drunken disturbance has increased, totalurban and rural crime, both reported and unreported, has fallen over the last two years, yet paradoxically people feel less safe, believing that the converse is the case. This fall in crime has coincided with a drop in the number of police officer on the street. A citizen’s fear of crime seems not to be a matter of reality at all- the visibility of law enforcement officials hasa greater impact on their view of reality than hard facts.Reducing the number of police officer has led to a reduction in crime. CCrime statistics support popular belief about the level of crime. FPeople feel safer when there are more police on the street. T 正确答案4.There is no task more difficult than that of ensuring the education of children in modernsociety. Not only school, but also teachers and their roles have changed out of all recognition in the past few decades, thanks to the impact on teaching institutions by indoctrinating, andindoctrinated, reformist 改革intellectuals 知识分子bearing 承受revolutionary ideas. To the perpetual indiscipline of youth has now been added the indiscipline of parents, many of whom interpret any reports of wrongdoing in school on the part of their offspring as a personal affront侮辱, or as the manifestation 表明of the malice 怨恨of teachers. As for the teachers themselves, whilst many are respectable and learned men and women, who view it as their vocation to induct their charges into a civilization and a way of behaving, others attempt to influence youth merely to further their political or ideological ends.Some of those working in education have their own hidden agendas. TTeacher with revolutionary ideas will attempt to influence their pupils for their own political ends. F 应该是CSome teachers who report children of wrongdoing do so because of malice, rather than nay legitimate reason. Cst week, the competition commission outlined two packages to regulate the sale ofextended product warranties, which provide repair/replacement for faulty goods beyond the manufacturer’s original guarantee. Whilst warranty sales are currently highly profitable, with some retailers attributing up to ¾ of their profits to this income stream, they are also criticized for offering poor value for money due to obscure 模糊clauses条款, which restrict payment in many, but the most unlikely claim scenarios. The first package-to ban retailers selling a full warranty on the day of purchase was condemned by all as draconian-whilst the other, rather milder, option of forcing retailers to provide full information on warranty exclusions and an obligatory 60–day “cool-off” period for customers, received a more balanced hearing.Because no one believes that the first option will ever be implemented, investors and analys ts have focused more closely on the implication of the “milder” package. In a recent leaked research note, one analyst suggested that the implementation of the reform in the second package would place a staff-training burden on the retailer, which would lead to a significant increase in the cost of warranty sales, and a predicted 20% fall in actual sales.“Cool-off” periods are not currently offered by companies selling product warranties. TIt is likely that neither package will be implemented. CPreventing retailers from selling warranties on the day of purchase of a product was felt to be too severe a restriction. T6.All scientific knowledge is provisional. Everything that science knows, even the mostmundane世俗facts and long-established theories, is subject to re-examination as new information comes in. the latest data and ideas are scrutinized the most. Some recantations 改变论调 will be unavoidable, but this is not a weakness of science, but rather its strength.No endeavor rivals science in its incremental progress towards a more complete understanding of the observable universe.Science improves understanding on the basis of leaving unchallenged those theories that appear to似乎 work. F ，都是re-examinationSome facts in science cannot be challenged if any progress is to be made. FThat which is not observable cannot be part of the domain of science. C7.The Statute on workplace safety requires that an employer should ensure, so far as isreasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all full and part time employees, and also those not in direct employment who may be affected by acts or omissions at work. However, it is also the duty of employees to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and also that of other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work, for example by complying with all notices on health and safety that are posted.If a workplace visitor is hurt due to an act of negligence by an employee then the employee may be held solely responsible. F C?An employer has responsibility for the safety of visitors to his factory. TEmployees have negligible responsibility for workplace health and safety. F8.Today’s historians aim to construct a record of human activities and to use this record toachieve a more profound understanding of humanity. This conception 概念of their task is quite recent, dating from the development from 18th and early 19th centuries of scientific history, and cultivated largely by professional historians who adopted the assumption that the study of natural, inevitable必然的 human activity. Before the late 18th century, history was taught in virtually事实 no schools, and it did not attempt to provide an interpretation of human life as a whole. This is more appropriately the function of religion, of philosophy, or even perhaps of poetry诗.That which constitutes 组成the study of history has changed over time. CProfessional historians did not exist before 18th century. CIn the 17th century, history would not have been thought of as a way of understanding humanity. T；没有说到17th的情况，选c？9.Whilst having similar effects on employees, there tend to be major difference between amerger and an acquisition. In an acquisition, power is substantially assumed by the new parent company. Change is often swift and brutal残忍的as the acquirer imposes its own control systems and financial restraints. Parties to a merger are likely to be evenly matched in terms of size, and the power and cultural dynamics of the combination are more ambiguous, integration is a more drawn out process.During an acquisition, there is often more overt conflict and resistance and a sense of powerlessness. In mergers, because of the prolonged period between the initial announcement and full integration, uncertainty and anxiety continue for a much longer time as the organization remains in a state of limbo.There tends to be a major power difference between parties in an acquisition. TMergers and acquisition tend to have distinctly different impacts on employees. FMergers yield a shorter period of anxiety and uncertainty amongst employees. F10.Management is, in effect, the catalyst that is essential for converting the resources and rawmaterial inputs of the operation into valued outputs and, in the process, ensuring that stakeholder needs are satisfied. Managers represent the critical factor, which economists refer to as “enterprise”, without which the other factors (land, labor and capital) cannot function. Managers are effectively the custodians of the organization’s resource, responsible for deciding what the resources should be used for, how best to use them, and to which customers the outputs should be targeted.Stakeholder needs are best served through the creation of valued outputs. CManagement has at least two major but different responsibilities. TManagers must decide how best to handle all the resources at their disposal. T11.There is no doubt that vegetarian food can be healthier than a traditional diet –indeed,research has demonstrated that vegetarians are less likely to suffer from heart disease and obesity than those who eat meat. One long-standing concern about a vegetarian lifestyle is the risk of failing to take in enough protein. However, historical calculations as to the amount of protein needed for a healthy lifestyle have recently been shown to overestimate the quantities needed, and if vegetarian select their food carefully they should be able to meet their protein needs.A balanced diet is more likely to promote health than any particular food or food group inisolation. F 应为CToo much protein in the diet can lead to heart disease. COver time the recommendations as to what constitutes a healthy balanced diet have changed.C12.Water, the most common liquid used for cleaning, has a property called surface tension.Molecules in the body of the water are surrounded by other molecules, but at the surface a “tension” is created as molecules are only surrounded by other molecules on the waterside.This tension inhibits the cleaning process, as it slows the wetting of surface due to tension causing the water to bead up. This is where water droplets hold their shape and do not spread. For effective cleaning to take place “surface tension” must be redu ced so that water can spread. Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are chemicals, which are able to do this effectively.Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are only used for cleaning. CWater is the only known liquid used for cleaning. FIf surfactant chemicals are added to water when cleaning a surface, surface tension will occur.FThe molecules on the waterside hinder阻碍 the cleaning process. TF？surface tension 阻碍13.The biggest risk facing the world’s insurance companies is possibly the rapid change nowtaking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense pricecompetition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.Insurance companies are experiencing a boom in their core markets. C 应为FInsurance companies are competing to provide best prices to customers. TInsurance companies are coping well 积极应对with increased price competition and rising losses. F14.Short-sightedness is to a large extent inherited, its incidence varies from one family toanother. The reason behind the link between the common incidence of short-sightedness and high intelligence is unclear. Previous generations thought that eyes could become strained by years spent poring over books, but a few decades ago the popular medical view was that short-sighted people gravitated towards the library because they found it hard to excel at sports. Recently there has been partial support for a theory that high intelligence and short-sightedness may, in fact, be part of a genetic package.The genetic link between intelligence and short-sightedness has recently been disproven. F People from all families stand at an equal chance of being short-sighted. FIntelligence is to a large extent inherited遗传. C15.The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is the afterglow from the Big Bang, andweak as it may be today, these primeval microwaves hold valuable information about fundamental properties of the early universe. Slight differences, or anisotropies, in the brightness and polarization of the CMB reveal clues about the nature of the primeval plasma: that the discrepancies exist at all shows that the plasma was not perfectly uniform. The variations in the brightness seen in the CMB reflect differences in the density of the primordial plasma, whereas the anisotropic polarization reveals information about the dynamics of the early universe, such as the movement of material and the number of gravitational waves. The CMB, however, is not the only source of polarized microwaves and the cosmological polarization must thus be measured at different wavelengths so as to isolate them from foreground signals.The anisotropies of the CMB show solely that the primordial plasma was not uniform. FThe polarization of cosmic microwaves is measured at different wavelength so as to separate the foreground from the background signals. TThrough studying the cosmological microwaves, one may learn about the forces of gravity in the early universe. T16.Internet experts are warning of a new multitude of extremely dangerous computer virusesthat have recently been causing devastation and could potentially cripple entire global computer systems. These viruses can replicate thousands of copies within hours and are capable of extirpating security software that, in turn, enables hackers to appropriate control of the machines. Criminal gangs can then establish bank accounts using stolen identities, sabotage a company’s computer system and extort money for its restoration, and sell computers that have been interfered with on the black market. Computer users are oftenadvised to refrain from opening suspicious program attached to the emails and to continually update their security software.Internet experts are advising computer users to replace their software if they suspect it has been tampered with. C17.For most people, any reference to hypnosis brings to mind images of individuals involved inamusing, and often out of character, behavior. However, hypnosis is also a topic of scientific research. Research by scientists over the last few decades has revealed ways in which memory processes, and processes involved in pain perception can be changed using hypnosis. It has also been found that hypnotic suggestions can regulate activity in identifiable sections of the brain and can contribute to the effective management of cognitive conflict.Findings from several related brain imaging studies, for example, have suggested that people under hypnosis cab exhibit reduced level of brain activity in both visual area and the anterior 先前cingulate cortex. Disparate research has already established the role of these brain structures in the monitoring the cognitive conflict.18.Workers are becoming increasingly concerned about company relocation due to itsassociation with employee distress and isolation, which can be caused by issues such as the management of property transitions and loss of community ties. Furthermore, moving home can put a strain on worker’s financial resources and close relationships, especially for those working parents who may feel guilty about moving children to new schools. Regardless of the disruption created, some individuals are very willing to relocate, due to the potential for enhanced career prospects and long-term financial stability.Some people may feel guilty about the consequences of relocating. TCompany relocation has increased. CThe potential benefits of job relocation are seen, by some, to be worth the associated distress and strain. T19.Political, economic and demographic developments are combining to increase the wealth ofindividuals leading economies. These individuals take a much more active role in managing their personal financial affairs and in determining how their assets should be invested for their long-term benefit. As a result, we are seeing the emergence of a new market, consisting of so-ca lled “affluent individuals”. This structural trend is set to continue and will provide significant opportunities for financial services providers. This band of individuals has traditionally been dominated by old money inheritance, and this will remain a factor, but the rise of new affluent money is increasing as individuals benefit from higher salaries and compensation in the form of stock options. These new affluent individuals are also creating wealth as small business entrepreneurs.Affluent individuals want to manage their own assets rather than use financial service providers. CIndividuals cannot become “affluent” through inheriting old money. FInherited old money will be completely replaced by new affluent money. F应该为C20.At the moment of GTC, like other European producers, is able to relieve at least some of itsover-capacity by exporting, partly to Central America. A decade from now, that region will be largely self-sufficient and trade will be starting to flow the other way. However, for GTC investors, the company’s recent restructure could herald better times. The group’s lack of focus and lack-lustre returns have been much criticized of late.Central America will, in the future, begin to export less to Europe. F 疑似为C?Central American producers will find a ready market for their products in Europe. CRestructuring generally produces an increase in profitability. C 疑似为T21.The increasing fragility of the rural economy will be the biggest challenge facing countrycommunities over the next ten years. Agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of rural job, is in decline. Tourism provides no more than half this number of job. The rural manufacturing sector, however, has grown over last ten years. Despite this, it still employs fewer than one in twenty people living in rural area, and is threatened by companies based in industrial areas, which benefit from access to a larger skilled workforce and better transportation networks.Industries based in rural areas benefit from better transport links. FManufacturing provides the fewest jobs in the countryside. C 应该为T，少于20分之1The manufacturing sector is likely to be the main source of employment for rural workers in the future. CIndustries based in rural areas suffer from poorer transport links. T22.In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate thewellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors’ dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers.Individuals have argued that the current media trend for lifestyle makeover is direct result of the concern over the image of new legislations. T 应为FNew hospital legislation states that healthcare professionals must have clean fingernails. TIt is always preferable for healthcare professionals to wear blue instead of red. C23.One of the great paradoxes of entrepreneurship is that entrepreneurs must develop thecapacity to engage the urgent with the emergent. Routine pressures force us to allow theurgent to dominate us, quarterly reports, market share, and tangible return on investment become paramount in this paradox, emergent (strategic) issues are often lost.The urgent presents itself in tangible shape and form, whereas the emergent is subtler in its appearance. Entrepreneurs need to pre-sense emergent reality, thus they require more than ordinary attentiveness. However, information consumes the attention of the recipient, and urgent information is by nature more demanding of attention than emergent. Yet it is an awareness of the emergent that frequently distinguishes the successful leader, the individual who can see through the reactive demands of day-to-day urgency to act rapidly upon the emergent trends that, if capitalized upon, can ensure commercial triumph胜利. One way of ensuring time to identify the emergent is to make time for reflective moments in work life in order to restore the quality of attentiveness and see through the fog of the immediate.It is easier to spot an emergent trend than an urgent issue. FThe present tends to be governed by the immediate demands. TIt is easy to lose sight of the strategic issues given the demands that immediate issues make.T24.Some doctors claim that any information received from a patient during a medicalconsultation is subject ethically to absolute confidentiality and can in no circumstance be revealed without the patient’s permission. Without such a rule, they believe that patients would not supply all of the information needed to treat them. Most however, believe that their obligations to society override their obligations to their patients; for example, being prepared to report to the police a patient who persisted in driving, despite the existence of a condition that rendered them unsafe. One reason for such a conflict is that whilst courts recognize the confidentiality of exchange between lawyers and clients, this is not extended to doctor and patients.A doctor would report to the police a patient who was a danger to others. CPatients rarely give permission for a doctor to discuss their medical details with others. CDoctors are in agreement about the ethics and practice of patient confidentiality. F25.Private airline companies have always been determined to operate a transport system that issafe for passengers, whilst still remaining competitively priced and commercially viable.However, a private sector business can only remain viable if it generates profits for its shareholders. Recent reports suggest that if all aircrafts were fitted with military derived ground-to-air missile defense system, and at all airports there was infallible screening for weapons and explosives then the system would be much safer. However, totally effective screening would preclude all possibility of profit, and current systems are still very thorough 周密, whilst also providing a good cost-benefit ratio.Military aircraft are safer than commercial craft. CMore effective airline security systems than are currently in use are available. TCurrent airline security systems provide the best possible mix of cost against benefit. C26.Full employment is a concept, which is often referred to but seldom defined. Beveridge’sdescription comes close to what most economists understand by the term. In his view full employment means that “unemployment is reduced to sh ort intervals of standing by, with the certainty that very soon one will be wanted in one’s old job again or will be wanted in a new job that is within one’s powers.” In other words, f ull employment does not mean zero unemployment, but allows for some measure of acceptable unemployment, for example, “frictional” unemployment whilst changing jobs.Definitions of full employment are abundant丰富的. FSome economists do not understand full employment in Beveridge’s terms. T应为CIn B’s view, full employment inco rporates those unemployed people who are certain to regain work very shortly. T27.The typical share-save scheme is a regular savings plan that gives employees the opportunityto purchase shares in 3.5 or 7 years time, should they choose to exercise the purchase option, at a discounted price fixed before the saving period starts. In addition to potential financial gains, the employee also has the opportunity to participate in future company development through the acquisition of shares. The employee does not have to pay income tax on any gains made on the exercise of the option to buy shares, though there may be a liability to capital gains tax if the shares are sold and the resulting gains cause that particular employee’s level of capital gains liability to e xceed the annual exempt amount.Employees usually exercise the option to sell their shares at the end of the saving period. CEmployees do not automatically have to pay Capital Gains Tax as a consequence of participating in share-save scheme. F应为TIndividuals who sell shares generate no potential tax liability. F28.Staff monitoring is a particularly issue for managers – the only kind of staff monitoring notsubject to regulation is where one individual watches another. Once any recording starts, even if it is manual, monitoring is subject to the Data Protection Act – employees need to be told about monitoring takes place and why. The information gathered has to be kept secure, and affected staffs have the right to see information related to them. Whilst a person’s consent is not required, he or she must be consulted about the processing of personal information (monitoring data is construed as “personal”), and monitoring practices must not cause unnecessary stress. However, covert monitoring without consultation may be used, but only in particularly serious circumstances, such as when a staff member is suspected of dishonest. In such a case, the covert surveillance (e.g. hidden cameras) must be in targeted areas and at times when the dishonest behavior is expected- any other information must be disregarded.It is not possible to avoid the Data Protection Act when monitoring staff. FManagers find it difficult to justify the use of covert monitoring procedures. CAny employee in a building where monitoring is taking place may see all of the information collected. F29.Primates .Without exception, living non-human primates habitually more around on all fours, or quadrupedally, when they are on the ground.现生的灵长类，除了人类以外，在地面上都习惯以四足行走。
四大招聘测试 Verbal题库+答案
Very rarely is there conflict over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. F Parties with a vested interest are more influenced by politics than science when deciding whether to implement environmental controls. C
最新四大 Verbal 题库汇总
1. Communication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honesty across a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate( 伪 造 ) the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty!
外企招聘面试笔试题库shlverbal经典42题
munication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honestyacross a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty!An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. TPeople are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. FIt had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F2.There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available reserves of naturalresources and about the extent of environmental damage caused by particular pollutants.Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, based on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. Governments may, for example, refrain from introducing effective control if they fear these will adversely affect company profitability or jobs, even where the environmental cost of not introducing controls are considerable.There is always scientific debate around the facts regarding the reserves of natural resources.TVery rarely is there conflict over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. FParties with a vested interest are more influenced by politics than science when deciding whether to implement environmental controls.C3.Whilst high visibility crime such as night-time drunken disturbance has increased, totalurban and rural crime, both reported and unreported, has fallen over the last two years, yet paradoxically people feel less safe, believing that the converse is the case. This fall in crime has coincided with a drop in the number of police officer on the street. A citizen’s fear of crime seems not to be a matter of reality at all- the visibility of law enforcement officials hasa greater impact on their view of reality than hard facts.Reducing the number of police officer has led to a reduction in crime. CCrime statistics support popular belief about the level of crime. FPeople feel safer when there are more police on the street. T4.There is no task more difficult than that of ensuring the education of children in modernsociety. Not only school, but also teachers and their roles have changed out of all recognition in the past few decades, thanks to the impact on teaching institutions by indoctrinating, andindoctrinated, reformist intellectuals bearing revolutionary ideas. To the perpetual indiscipline of youth has now been added the indiscipline of parents, many of whom interpret any reports of wrongdoing in school on the part of their offspring as a personal affront, or as the manifestation of the malice of teachers. As for the teachers themselves, whilst many are respectable and learned men and women, who view it as their vocation to induct their charges into a civilization and a way of behaving, others attempt to influence youth merely to further their political or ideological ends.Some of those working in education have their own hidden agendas. TTeacher with revolutionary ideas will attempt to influence their pupils for their own political ends. T CSome teachers who report children of wrongdoing do so because of malice, rather than nay legitimate reason. Cst week, the competition commission outlined two packages to regulate the sale ofextended product warranties, which provide repair/replacement for faulty goods beyond the manufacturer’s original guarantee. Whilst warranty sales are currently highly profitable, with some retailers attributing up to ¾ of their profits to this income stream, they are also criticized for offering poor value for money due to obscure clauses, which restrict payment in many, but the most unlikely claim scenarios. The first package-to ban retailers selling a full warranty on the day of purchase was condemned by all as draconian-whilst the other, rather milder, option of forcing retailers to provide full information on warranty exclusions and an obligatory 60–day “cool-off” period for customers, received a more balanced hearing.Because no one believes that the first option will ever be implemented, investors and analysts ha ve focused more closely on the implication of the “milder” package. In a recent leaked research note, one analyst suggested that the implementation of the reform in the second package would place a staff-training burden on the retailer, which would lead to a significant increase in the cost of warranty sales, and a predicted 20% fall in actual sales.“Cool-off” periods are not currently offered by companies selling product warranties. TIt is likely that neither package will be implemented. CPreventing retailers from selling warranties on the day of purchase of a product was felt to be too severe a restriction. T6.All scientific knowledge is provisional. Everything that science knows, even the mostmundane facts and long-established theories, is subject to re-examination as new information comes in. the latest data and ideas are scrutinized the most. Some recantations will be unavoidable, but this is not a weakness of science, but rather its strength. No endeavor rivals science in its incremental progress towards a more complete understanding of the observable universe.Science improves understanding on the basis of leaving unchallenged those theories that appear to work. FSome facts in science cannot be challenged if any progress is to be made. FThat which is not observable cannot be part of the domain of science. C7.The Statute on workplace safety requires that an employer should ensure, so far as isreasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all full and part time employees, and also those not in direct employment who may be affected by acts or omissions at work. However, it is also the duty of employees to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and also that of other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work, for example by complying with all notices on health and safety that are posted.If a workplace visitor is hurt due to an act of negligence by an employee then the employee may be held solely responsible. FAn employer has responsibility for the safety of visitors to his factory. TEmployees have negligible responsibility for workplace health and safety. F8.Today’s historians aim to construct a record of human activities and to use this record toachieve a more profound understanding of humanity. This conception of their task is quite recent, dating from the development from 18th and early 19th centuries of scientific history, and cultivated largely by professional historians who adopted the assumption that the study of natural, inevitable human activity. Before the late 18th century, history was taught in virtually no schools, and it did not attempt to provide an interpretation of human life as a whole. This is more appropriately the function of religion, of philosophy, or even perhaps of poetry.That which constitutes the study of history has changed over time. CProfessional historians did not exist before 18th century. CIn the 17th century, history would not have been thought of as a way of understanding humanity. T9.Whilst having similar effects on employees, there tend to be major difference between amerger and an acquisition. In an acquisition, power is substantially assumed by the new parent company. Change is often swift and brutal as the acquirer imposes its own control systems and financial restraints. Parties to a merger are likely to be evenly matched in terms of size, and the power and cultural dynamics of the combination are more ambiguous, integration is a more drawn out process.During an acquisition, there is often more overt conflict and resistance and a sense of powerlessness. In mergers, because of the prolonged period between the initial announcement and full integration, uncertainty and anxiety continue for a much longer time as the organization remains in a state of limbo.There tends to be a major power difference between parties in an acquisition. TMergers and acquisition tend to have distinctly different impacts on employees. FMergers yield a shorter period of anxiety and uncertainty amongst employees. F10.Management is, in effect, the catalyst that is essential for converting the resources and rawmaterial inputs of the operation into valued outputs and, in the process, ensuring that stakeholder needs are satisfied. Managers represent the critical factor, which economists refer to as “enterprise”, without which the other factors (land, labor and capital) cannot function. Managers are effectively the custodians of the organization’s resource, responsible for deciding what the resources should be used for, how best to use them, and to which customers the outputs should be targeted.Stakeholder needs are best served through the creation of valued outputs. CManagement has at least two major but different responsibilities. TManagers must decide how best to handle all the resources at their disposal.T11.There is no doubt that vegetarian food can be healthier than a traditional diet –indeed,research has demonstrated that vegetarians are less likely to suffer from heart disease and obesity than those who eat meat. One long-standing concern about a vegetarian lifestyle is the risk of failing to take in enough protein. However, historical calculations as to the amount of protein needed for a healthy lifestyle have recently been shown to overestimate the quantities needed, and if vegetarian select their food carefully they should be able to meet their protein needs.A balanced diet is more likely to promote health than any particular food or food group inisolation. CToo much protein in the diet can lead to heart disease. COver time the recommendations as to what constitutes a healthy balanced diet have changed.C12.Water, the most common liquid used for cleaning, has a property called surface tension.Molecules in the body of the water are surrounded by other molecules, but at the surface a “tension” is created as molecules are only surrounded by other molecules on the waterside.This tension inhibits the cleaning process, as it slows the wetting of surface due to tension causing the water to bead up. This is where water droplets hold their shape and do not spread. For effective cleaning to take place “surface tension” must be reduced so that water can spread. Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are chemicals, which are able to do this effectively.Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are only used for cleaning. CWater is the only known liquid used for cleaning. FIf surfactant chemicals are added to water when cleaning a surface, surface tension will occur.FThe molecules on the waterside hinder the cleaning process. T13.The biggest risk facing the world’s insurance companies is possibly the rapid change nowtaking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.Insurance companies are experiencing a boom in their core markets. FInsurance companies are competing to provide best prices to customers. TInsurance companies are coping well with increased price competition and rising losses. F14.Short-sightedness is to a large extent inherited, its incidence varies from one family toanother. The reason behind the link between the common incidence of short-sightedness and high intelligence is unclear. Previous generations thought that eyes could become strained by years spent poring over books, but a few decades ago the popular medical view was that short-sighted people gravitated towards the library because they found it hard to excel at sports. Recently there has been partial support for a theory that high intelligence and short-sightedness may, in fact, be part of a genetic package.The genetic link between intelligence and short-sightedness has recently been disproven. F People from all families stand at an equal chance of being short-sighted. FIntelligence is to a large extent inherited. C15.The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is the afterglow from the Big Bang, andweak as it may be today, these primeval microwaves hold valuable information about fundamental properties of the early universe. Slight differences, or anisotropies, in the brightness and polarization of the CMB reveal clues about the nature of the primeval plasma: that the discrepancies exist at all shows that the plasma was not perfectly uniform. The variations in the brightness seen in the CMB reflect differences in the density of the primordial plasma, whereas the anisotropic polarization reveals information about the dynamics of the early universe, such as the movement of material and the number of gravitational waves. The CMB, however, is not the only source of polarized microwaves and the cosmological polarization must thus be measured at different wavelengths so as to isolate them from foreground signals.The anisotropies of the CMB show solely that the primordial plasma was not uniform. FThe polarization of cosmic microwaves is measured at different wavelength so as to separate the foreground from the background signals. TThrough studying the cosmological microwaves, one may learn about the forces of gravity in the early universe. T16.Internet experts are warning of a new multitude of extremely dangerous computer virusesthat have recently been causing devastation and could potentially cripple entire global computer systems. These viruses can replicate thousands of copies within hours and are capable of extirpating security software that, in turn, enables hackers to appropriate control of the machines. Criminal gangs can then establish bank accounts using stolen identities, sabotage a company’s computer system and extort money for its restoration, and sell computers that have been interfered with on the black market. Computer users are often advised to refrain from opening suspicious program attached to the emails and to continually update their security software.Internet experts are advising computer users to replace their software if they suspect it has been tampered with. C17.For most people, any reference to hypnosis brings to mind images of individuals involved inamusing, and often out of character, behavior. However, hypnosis is also a topic of scientific research. Research by scientists over the last few decades has revealed ways in which memory processes, and processes involved in pain perception can be changed using hypnosis. It has also been found that hypnotic suggestions can regulate activity in identifiable sections of the brain and can contribute to the effective management of cognitive conflict.Findings from several related brain imaging studies, for example, have suggested that people under hypnosis cab exhibit reduced level of brain activity in both visual area and the anterior cingulate cortex. Disparate research has already established the role of these brain structures in the monitoring the cognitive conflict.18.Workers are becoming increasingly concerned about company relocation due to itsassociation with employee distress and isolation, which can be caused by issues such as the management of property transitions and loss of community ties. Furthermore, moving home can put a strain on worker’s financial resources and close relationships, especially for those working parents who may feel guilty about moving children to new schools. Regardless of the disruption created, some individuals are very willing to relocate, due to the potential for enhanced career prospects and long-term financial stability.Some people may feel guilty about the consequences of relocating. TCompany relocation has increased. CThe potential benefits of job relocation are seen, by some, to be worth the associated distress and strain. T19.Political, economic and demographic developments are combining to increase the wealth ofindividuals leading economies. These individuals take a much more active role in managing their personal financial affairs and in determining how their assets should be invested for their long-term benefit. As a result, we are seeing the emergence of a new market, consisting of so-called “afflue nt individuals”. This structural trend is set to continue and will provide significant opportunities for financial services providers. This band of individuals has traditionally been dominated by old money inheritance, a nd this will remain a factor, but the rise of new affluent money is increasing as individuals benefit from higher salaries and compensation in the form of stock options. These new affluent individuals are also creating wealth as small business entrepreneurs.Affluent individuals want to manage their own assets rather than use financial service providers. CIndividuals cannot become “affluent” through inheriting old money. FInherited old money will be completely replaced by new affluent money. F20.At the moment of GTC, like other European producers, is able to relieve at least some of itsover-capacity by exporting, partly to Central America. A decade from now, that region will belargely self-sufficient and trade will be starting to flow the other way. However, for GTC investors, the comp any’s recent restructure could herald better times. The group’s lack of focus and lack-lustre returns have been much criticized of late.Central America will, in the future, begin to export less to Europe. FCentral American producers will find a ready market for their products in Europe. CRestructuring generally produces an increase in profitability. C21.The increasing fragility of the rural economy will be the biggest challenge facing countrycommunities over the next ten years. Agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of rural job, is in decline. Tourism provides no more than half this number of job. The rural manufacturing sector, however, has grown over last ten years. Despite this, it still employs fewer than one in twenty people living in rural area, and is threatened by companies based in industrial areas, which benefit from access to a larger skilled workforce and better transportation networks.Industries based in rural areas benefit from better transport links. FManufacturing provides the fewest jobs in the countryside. CThe manufacturing sector is likely to be the main source of employment for rural workers in the future. CIndustries based in rural areas suffer from poorer transport links. T22.In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate thewellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors’ dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers.Individuals have argued that the current media trend for lifestyle makeover is direct result of the concern over the image of new legislations. FNew hospital legislation states that healthcare professionals must have clean fingernails. TIt is always preferable for healthcare professionals to wear blue instead of red. C23.One of the great paradoxes of entrepreneurship is that entrepreneurs must develop thecapacity to engage the urgent with the emergent. Routine pressures force us to allow the urgent to dominate us, quarterly reports, market share, and tangible return on investment become paramount in this paradox, emergent (strategic) issues are often lost.The urgent presents itself in tangible shape and form, whereas the emergent is subtler in its appearance. Entrepreneurs need to pre-sense emergent reality, thus they require more than ordinary attentiveness. However, information consumes the attention of the recipient, and urgent information is by nature more demanding of attention than emergent. Yet it is an awareness of the emergent that frequently distinguishes the successful leader, the individual who can see through the reactive demands of day-to-day urgency to act rapidly upon the emergent trends that, if capitalized upon, can ensure commercial triumph. One way of ensuring time to identify the emergent is to make time for reflective moments in work life in order to restore the quality of attentiveness and see through the fog of the immediate.It is easier to spot an emergent trend than an urgent issue. FThe present tends to be governed by the immediate demands. TIt is easy to lose sight of the strategic issues given the demands that immediate issues make.T24.Some doctors claim that any information received from a patient during a medicalconsultation is subject ethically to absolute confidentiality and can in no circumstance be revealed without the patient’s permission. Without such a rule, they believe that patients would not supply all of the information needed to treat them. Most however, believe that their obligations to society override their obligations to their patients; for example, being prepared to report to the police a patient who persisted in driving, despite the existence of a condition that rendered them unsafe. One reason for such a conflict is that whilst courts recognize the confidentiality of exchange between lawyers and clients, this is not extended to doctor and patients.A doctor would report to the police a patient who was a danger to others. CPatients rarely give permission for a doctor to discuss their medical details with others. CDoctors are in agreement about the ethics and practice of patient confidentiality. F25.Private airline companies have always been determined to operate a transport system that issafe for passengers, whilst still remaining competitively priced and commercially viable.However, a private sector business can only remain viable if it generates profits for its shareholders. Recent reports suggest that if all aircrafts were fitted with military derived ground-to-air missile defense system, and at all airports there was infallible screening for weapons and explosives then the system would be much safer. However, totally effective screening would preclude all possibility of profit, and current systems are still very thorough, whilst also providing a good cost-benefit ratio.Military aircraft are safer than commercial craft. CMore effective airline security systems than are currently in use are available. TCurrent airline security systems provide the best possible mix of cost against benefit. C26.Full employment is a concept, which is often referred to but seldom defined. Beveridge’sdescription comes close to what most economists understand by the term. In his view full employment means that “unemployment is reduced to short intervals of s tanding by, withthe certainty that very soon one will be wanted in one’s old job again or will be wanted in a new job that is within one’s powers.” In other words, f ull employment does not mean zero unemployment, but allows for some measure of acceptable unemployment, for example, “frictional” unemployment whilst changing jobs.Definitions of full employment are abundant. FSome economists do not understand full employment in Beveridge’s terms. CIn B’s view, full employment incorporates those unemploye d people who are certain to regain work very shortly. T27.The typical share-save scheme is a regular savings plan that gives employees the opportunityto purchase shares in 3.5 or 7 years time, should they choose to exercise the purchase option, at a discounted price fixed before the saving period starts. In addition to potential financial gains, the employee also has the opportunity to participate in future company development through the acquisition of shares. The employee does not have to pay income tax on any gains made on the exercise of the option to buy shares, though there may be a liability to capital gains tax if the shares are sold and the resulting gains cause that particular employee’s level of capital gains liability to exceed the annual exempt amount.Employees usually exercise the option to sell their shares at the end of the saving period. CEmployees do not automatically have to pay Capital Gains Tax as a consequence of participating in share-save scheme. TIndividuals who sell shares generate no potential tax liability. F28.Staff monitoring is a particularly issue for managers – the only kind of staff monitoring notsubject to regulation is where one individual watches another. Once any recording starts, even if it is manual, monitoring is subject to the Data Protection Act – employees need to be told about monitoring takes place and why. The information gathered has to be kept secure, and affected staffs have the right to see information related to them. Whilst a person’s consent is not required, he or she must be consulted about the processing of personal information (monitoring data is construed as “personal”), and monitoring practices must not cause unnecessary stress. However, covert monitoring without consultation may be used, but only in particularly serious circumstances, such as when a staff member is suspected of dishonest. In such a case, the covert surveillance (e.g. hidden cameras) must be in targeted areas and at times when the dishonest behavior is expected- any other information must be disregarded.It is not possible to avoid the Data Protection Act when monitoring staff. FManagers find it difficult to justify the use of covert monitoring procedures. CAny employee in a building where monitoring is taking place may see all of the information collected. F29.Without exception, living non-human primates habitually more around on all fours, orquadrupedally, when they are on the ground. Scientists generally assume therefore that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees (our closest living relative) was also a quadrupted. Exactly when the last common ancestor lived is unknown, but clear indicationsof bipedalism, the trait that distinguishes ancient humans from other apes, are evident in the oldest known species of Australopithecus, which lived in Africa roughly four millions years ago.Bipedal apes are more evolutionarily advantaged than quadrupedal ones. C/Bipedalism is the main trait that distinguishes ancient humans from Australopithecus. FAustralopithecus is as closely related to ancient man as to the chimpanzee. C30. A new computer program can tell whether a book was written by a man or a woman. Thesimple scan of key words and syntax is about 80% accurate on both fiction and non-fiction.The program’s success seems to confirm the stereotypical perception of differences in male and female language use. Crudely put, men talk more about objects and women more about relationships.Female writers use more pronouns (I, you, she, myself), whilst males prefer words that identify or determine nouns (a, the, that) and words that quantify them (one, two, more).These differing styles have previously been called “involved” and “informational”, respectively.The algorithm within the program was initially trained on a few test cases to identify the most prevalent fingerprints of gender and of fiction and non-fiction. The algorithm can now be focused on new bodies of text. Strikingly, the distinctions between male and female writers are much the same as those that, even more clearly, differentiate non fiction-and fiction. The program can tell these two genres apart with 98% accuracy.Stereotypes are generally based on fact. CWomen are more likely than men to adopt an “informational” style of written communication.FThe program is more accurate at identifying the gender of the writer then the fiction or non-fiction content of the passage. F31.Sandford Group’s first end of year announcement since the takeover of SPX Inc placed muchemphasis on the period of extreme transformation and development undergone by the company. Emphasis was placed on the admirable way that its employees had steered the company through a turbulent six months, and subsequent benefits that were being reaped, such as a steady growth of the Sandford brands in the marketplace. Whilst recognizing that the takeover had been undertaken as a way of increasing market share, rather than improving efficiency, the announcement made much of the substantial yet somewhat unintended cost reductions that had taken place. This was explained by the swift introduction of SPX’s computer systems which permitted a Group headcount cut and also the subletting of surplus office space.The time since takeover has not always been easy for Sandford. T (six months)The takeover achieved more for the company than was initially planned. TThe performance of the Sandford brands was poor prior to the takeover（在takeover之前市场表现差） . C。
VerbalTest笔试题目【带答案】
Verbal Test笔试题目【带答案】(2) Verbal Test笔试题目【带答案】(2)「篇一」原文：What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade。
(注意：两句中划线部分的比较意义是否一致。
)例3题目：Parking in Halls of Residence is handled by the Wardens of the Halls。
原文：A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks however,unless authorized by the Warden of the Hall concerned。
(注意：两句中划线部分的肯定或否定意义是否一致。
)例 4题目：STA Travel help finance the Students Adviser。
原文：International Students House now provides the service of an International Students Adviser。
(注意：两句中划线部分肯定意义的一致性。
)3. False的特点(1)题目与原文直接相反。
通常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构。
no longer / not any more / not / by no means 对比used to do sth. / until recently /as was once the case例 1原文：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies。
译文：当最后一个个体死亡时，一个物种就灭亡了。
题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists。
现代汉语习题集试题与答案
现代汉语习题集试题与答案第五章语法一、学习提要1．语法概说语法是语言要素之一，是词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律。
语法这个术语有两个含义，一个指语法结构规律本身，另一个指语法学。
语法学分词法和句法两个部分。
语法体系也有两个含义：一个指语法系统，另一个指语法学体系。
语法具有抽象性、稳固性、递归性和民族性。
语法单位是指有意义的语言单位。
汉语的语法单位包括语素、词、短语、句子和句群。
语素是语言中最小的音义结合体。
包括实语素和虚语素，它们是构词语法单位。
一个词可以由一个语素构成，也可以由两个或几个语素构成。
词是最小的能够独立运用的语法单位。
一部分词可以加上句调成为句子。
短语是词和词按照一定的规则组合而成的比词大的语法单位。
大多数短语可以加上句调成为句子。
句子是具有一个句调、能够表达一个相对完整的意思的语法单位。
句子包括单句和复句。
句群是由两个以上的句子构成的语法单位。
2. 词类词类是词的语法性质的分类。
词的语法分类根据的是词的语法特征。
词的语法特征包括词的形态、组合能力、造句功能三方面表现出来的特征。
形态是指构词和构形的语法形式。
构词的语法形式包括前缀和后缀；构形的语法形式包括重叠式和粘附式。
组合能力是指某类词可以跟一些什么词发生组合关系，不能跟一些什么词发生组合关系。
造句功能是指词在句子中能不能充当句子成分，能充当什么句子成分。
汉语里词类的语法特征突出地表现在组合能力这一方面。
根据词的语法特征可以把词分为实词和虚词两大类。
实词能够单独充当句法成分，有词汇意义和语法意义。
虚词不能充当句法成分，只有语法意义。
实词包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、量词、代词和拟音词。
名词包括人物名词、时间名词和方所名词。
动词包括行为动词、心理动词、历时动词、断事动词、使令动词和辅助动词。
形容词包括性状形容词和定质形容词。
副词包括一般副词、语气副词和关联副词。
数词包括基数词和序数词。
量词包括物量词和动量词。
代词包括人称代词、指示代词和疑问代词。
SHL题库verbal (中文)-全
！！！目录为每段文字开头一句话！！！为了提升自身形象CC全球保险公司面对的最大风险BA一般而言，顾客与公司保持业务往来BAA一般而言，客户与公司的业务关系越长就越有价值TAC由于某些国家人口中老年人口CC人们对空气及水污染、沙漠化A近视在很大程度上是遗传造成的BCC缺水是不断加深的全球危机ACC对单位信托投资者的新政策文件BAC未来十年农村社会面临的最大挑战便是CBC最近的研究显示，许多财经分析员对公司利润ABA经理们认为员工缺勤的真实原因AC ?CB电信业广泛竞争的好处在发达国家已十分明显ABAC一家监控麻醉品贸易的政府间机构CAA有效地管理人员的基础是BABB全球化令政府及企业的角色发生变化。
16 Can't Say-不是很确定，但我考虑的是大众不热衷不代表不了解CC A C目前的营销策略已自顾客选择品牌的方式B 材料中第一句话我的理解是，过去营销策略注重顾客选择品牌的方式，现在转变成了顾客使用产品的方式。
所以题目的论述错误。
目前，营销策略的重心已从顾客选择品牌BAB公司预期其在亚洲的首间新厂房BC新科技在消除工作场所的化学及物理祸害28 Can't Say-没有提及。
预防不代表更易受伤。
演讲者必须充分了解其讲题。
Bar19 - Can't Say - 没有提及二者的联系。
B尽管看手相能解读人的性格ACB员工与组织的联系纽带越来越弱CCA在经济先进的国家，人们的财富随着政治CB。
翻译考试题库及答案
翻译考试题库及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译中“直译”和“意译”的主要区别在于：A. 直译更注重原文的字面意思，意译更注重原文的深层含义B. 直译更注重原文的深层含义，意译更注重原文的字面意思C. 直译和意译没有区别，都是翻译方法D. 直译和意译是同一种翻译方法的不同称呼答案：A2. 在翻译过程中，遇到文化差异导致的障碍时，应采取的策略是：A. 直接忽略文化差异，按照原文直译B. 完全按照目标语言的文化习惯进行调整C. 寻找文化共性，进行适当的文化适应D. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解答案：C3. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则指的是：A. 忠实于原文的字面意思B. 忠实于原文的风格和语气C. 忠实于原文的内容和形式D. 忠实于原文的作者意图答案：C4. 下列哪个选项不是翻译中的常见问题？A. 语言障碍B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 信息过载答案：D5. 翻译中“等效性”原则主要强调的是：A. 译文与原文在形式上的相似性B. 译文与原文在内容上的相似性C. 译文与原文在效果上的相似性D. 译文与原文在风格上的相似性答案：C6. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用原文中的专业术语B. 根据目标语言的习惯进行适当调整C. 忽略专业术语，使用通用词汇替代D. 创造新的词汇来描述专业术语答案：B7. 翻译中的“动态对等”理论是由哪位学者提出的？A. 尤金·奈达B. 彼得·纽马克C. 约翰·卡特福德D. 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇答案：A8. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的双关语？A. 直接忽略B. 寻找目标语言中的对应双关语C. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释双关语的含义答案：B9. 翻译中的“功能对等”理论主要强调的是：A. 译文与原文在形式上的对等B. 译文与原文在功能上的对等C. 译文与原文在内容上的对等D. 译文与原文在风格上的对等答案：B10. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的隐喻？A. 直接翻译成目标语言的字面意思B. 寻找目标语言中的对应隐喻C. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释隐喻的含义答案：B二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）11. 翻译中可能涉及的领域包括：A. 文学翻译B. 法律翻译C. 科技翻译D. 旅游翻译E. 以上都是答案：E12. 翻译中常见的错误类型包括：A. 语法错误B. 词汇错误C. 逻辑错误D. 风格错误E. 以上都是答案：E13. 翻译中常用的技巧包括：A. 增译B. 减译D. 直译E. 以上都是答案：E14. 翻译中可能遇到的挑战包括：A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 个人偏好E. 以上都是答案：E15. 翻译中常用的工具包括：A. 词典B. 翻译软件D. 专业术语库E. 以上都是答案：E三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）16. 翻译是一种语言活动，与文化无关。
V. SHL Verbal Test 经典题库42详解 -
Administrator 22/9/11 19:16 û ʼn ![3]:!*
*
There*is*often*considerable*scientific*disagreement*both*about*available*reserves*of*natural*
resources* and* about* the* extent* of* environmental* damage* caused* by* particular* pollutants.*
NEE 4/11/12 16:21 û ʼn ![5]:!ÿkdžr*
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There*is*always*scientific*debate*around*the*facts*regarding*the*reserves*of*natural*resources.***
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Very* rarely* is* there* conflict* over* the* degree* to* which* particular* environmental* controls*
remoteness* of* the* interaction* making* people* more* comfortable* about* deceiving* others.* On*
NEE 4/11/12 16:19
the*contrary,*it*seems*that*anxiety*over*the*accountability*afforded*by*the*recording*of*e;mail*
Administrator 22/9/11 19:13 û ʼn ![2]:!Ǭ=,Ů.ȋ;8q8ǙÛư ńȄƯȢǍüĂǩǪŶǬ=*
《英汉翻译》考试练习题及答案
《英汉翻译》考试练习题及答案一、填空题1. 严复在《天演论•译例言》中提出“译事三难”的三字标准：“译事三难：（）。
求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。
”严复的“三字标准”涵盖翻译方法、翻译过程、翻译效果等堪称一个翻译理论体系。
答案：信、达、雅2. 1964年,奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》Toward a Science of Translation 一书中针对"形式对等(Functional Equivalence)翻译";提出了（）" 翻译".答案：动态对等(Dynamic Equivalence)3. 一般认为,翻译过程包括两个阶段:正确理解(accurate comprehension)和（）.答案：充分表达(adequate representation)二、成语解释1.pull one’s leg答案：开玩笑，戏弄某人2. castle in the air答案：空中楼阁3.eat one’s words答案：收回前言(承认说错)4. to teach a pig to play on a flute答案：教猪吹笛5. have an axe to grind答案：别有用心6.a bolt from the blue答案：晴天霹雳7. Walls have ears.答案：隔墙有耳8. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is King.答案：盲人国里，独眼人称王9. Like father, like son.答案：有其父必有其子三、英译汉1.A Fiat slowly nosed its way out into the fast lane.答案：一辆“菲亚特”慢慢离开慢车道，驶进快车道。
2. If you try to cover up your misdeed with a fig leaf, you’ll only make it more conspicuous.答案：你要是想用遮羞布掩盖你的罪行，那只能是欲盖弥彰。
现代汉语试题库(语法答案)
现代汉语试题库（语法·答案）一、单项选择题1、C2、A3、D4、C5、B6、B7、C8、D9、D 10、A 11、C 12、C 13、B 14、C 15、A16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、A 21、D 22、C 23、C 24、D 25、C 26、C 27、A 28、A 29、D 30、B 31、A 32、C 33、A 34、B 35、C 36、D 37、B 38、B 39、B 40、B 41、C二、多项选择题1、ACD2、ABC3、ABC4、AC5、ABC6、ACDE7、AB8、BC9、ABCDE 10、 ABC 11、ABC 12、AD 13、ADE 14、AD 15、ABC 16、ABCD 17、ABCD 18、ABCD 19、ABC 20、ABC 21、ABCD 22、ABDE 23、ABC 24、ABE 25、ABE 26、DE 27、AD 28、AE三、判断题1、（1）语法一词有三个含义。
（2）划分词类须以词的语法功能为依据。
（3）副词属于实词。
（4）名词能受数量词的修饰。
（5）数词表示数目多少或表示次序。
（6）代词能代替几乎所有的实词。
（7）现代汉语中有结构助词"的"和语气词"的"（8）现代汉语中有动态助词"了"和语气词"了"（9）层次分析要切分到词。
（10）主语有施事、受事和中性三类。
（11）主语也可以由谓词或谓词性词语充当。
（12）谓词和谓词性词语也可以作宾语。
（13）有的动词可以带两个宾语。
（14）语气因素不会影响句型。
（15）扩展不会影响句型。
（16）省略不会影响句型。
（17）非主谓句是由单个的词或主谓短语以外的其他短语构成的句子。
（18）主谓句有动词谓语句、形容词谓语句、名词谓语句和主谓谓语句。
（19）复句是由两个或两个以上的分句组成的句子。
（20）假设条件复句是偏正复句。
名企试题-verbal汇总
DB verbal 总结1. In casual language, the terms theory and model are often used interchangeably. From a technical point of view there is an important difference. Theories provide a general framework, but because of the generality of the specification, a theory cannot be shown to be useful or useless until it is fully specified in the form of a model. A model, on the other hand, needs by definition to be formulated within the concepts, along with a set of assumptions about the concepts and their relationships. The appropriateness of a model must then be evaluated with respect to a particular set of test data. The evaluation may be done by conducting a suitably designed set of empirical investigations, by rational inspection of the model assumptions in relation to the test data, or ideally both.In the strict sense, all models provide incomplete representations of the data to which they to fitted. Therefore the meaningful question is not whether a model is correct or incorrect, but rather whether the model fits the data well enough to be useful in guiding the process. Statistical evidence and judgment play important roles in answering that question.●It is more meaningful to look at the practical utility of a model than its absolute veracity. TVeracity 是correct or Incorrect的同意，practical utility 是fits well的同意，而且前一段appropriate处也提到这个意思，但是第二段着重强调比较的意味。
精现代汉语全套题库附答案
词汇（一）一、填空题1．词汇是语言的__________________，是______________________________的总汇。
2．词汇包括词和语两部分，其中“语”是指______，它主要包括______、______、______、______等。
3．词汇学是____________的科学，狭义的词汇学研究____________、____________、____________、____________等；广义的词汇学还包括了____________、____________、____________、____________等。
4．研究语言词汇的一般理论的学科叫____________,研究词汇的起源和发展演变的学科叫____________,研究某一时期词汇系统现象和特点的学科叫____________,研究某一具体语言或方言的词汇现象和规律的学科叫____________。
5．词汇大致可以分为______、______、____________三个层级。
6．词和词汇是________________________的关系。
7．按词在词汇系统中的地位和作用，可以把词汇分成____________和____________两类。
8．基本词汇具有______性、______性、______性三个主要特点。
9．一般词汇具有很强的______性特点，几乎处在经常的变动之中。
10．现代汉语一般词汇的构成成分，从来源上看可包括____________、____________、____________、____________等。
11．新造词是__________________________________________，它有一个相对的时间界限，就是____________以来的______多年时间内根据汉语原有的语言材料创造出来的和由短语简缩而来的一般用词。
12．古语词包括____________和____________两类。
英汉题库
1.对比语言学和比较语言学在对象、目标、方法和重点、历史和发展趋势四个方面都不相同2.汉语属于_汉藏_语系的汉语语族，英语属于_印欧_语系的_日耳曼_语族。
英语是典型的__语调_语言，在对语音各要素的敏感上，英语对_声调_ 尤为敏感；而汉语是典型的_音强_语言，对_音高_敏感；在构成音节的方法上，汉语是_声韵__系统，而英语则是元辅音_系统。
3.徐通锵认为，英语有形态制约，句子结构严谨，在主谓结构上强调主谓一致，令英语句型呈现出印欧语系句法结构独特的_结构封闭性_特征。
而汉语以“字”为基础的选择限制是层层递进，进到什么地方结束，没有明确的标准，因而句子的结构呈现_开放性的特点。
4.最能体现汉语本质特征的句型是意合复句，它由_紧缩句_和_公因话题句_两种类型组成。
5.对比汉英语在发展中的特点，大致可以总结为汉语具有独立性和_稳定性的特点；而英语具有_开放性_和_剧变性_的特点。
3.竹式结构:汉语句子构造特点，不存在主干结构，开放性，扩展时会引起结构的不断变化6.汉语句子是“狮子型”的，英语句子是“孔雀型”的，这种比喻是指什么？指汉英句子的扩展方向。
汉语是句首开放，句尾封闭。
英语是句首封闭，句尾开放。
7.如何辩证地理解汉英语的意合与形合？任何一种语言都使用意合和形合的话语组织手段，只是使用的范围，程度各不相同。
在句子及句子以下层面，英语以形合为主；到了句以上，就用同义替代等意合手段来造成变化。
汉语在句子或较短的语言片段内主要靠意合，而到了较大的语言片断里，为了保持“神”不散，就要用适当的“形合”手段如重复来增加凝聚力。
8.有人讲汉语句子是竹式结构，英语的句子是树式结构，对此你怎样理解？竹式结构：汉语中，动词用得多。
在表达一些较复杂的思想时，往往借助动词，按动作发生的顺序，或逻辑顺序，逐步交待，层层铺开，给人以舒缓明快的感觉。
其句子结构，有如一根竹子，一节一节连下去。
汉语句子构造特点，不存在主干结构，开放性，扩展的时候会引起结构的不断变化。