英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析(7)-5
2021年12月英语四级预测试题及答案
12月英语四级预测试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic：Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人乐意和父母居住在一起2. 有人想自己独立居住3. 我看法Styles of Living Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7，markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.How Ice Cream Works The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year，dispensing cones，gallons，pints，sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact，eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact，the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp，it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat，and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better，richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts，which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.Other frozen desserts，such as sorbets (果汁冰糕)，low-fat ice cream，and frozen yogurt，are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids，and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.In terms of specific ingredients，the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms，it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid，a type of emulsion(乳状液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead，one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream，molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air meansthat ice cream is also technically a foam.In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝胶) was originally used as a stabilizer，xanthan gum，guar gum，and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used，but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.Making Ice Cream Whether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank，at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker，or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day，the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.First，you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk，cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat，with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法灭菌)，or heated，to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home，you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler，or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade icecream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control，those most at risk include the elderly，very young children，and people with compromised immune systems.The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream，so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon，chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie，it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory，this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream，while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen，a large bowl and a food mixer will work，or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit，chocolate chunks，marshmallows，and candy are added later.The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory，this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube，but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube，where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher，or blade，turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture，introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube，clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step，where the same process happens ona smaller scale.This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process isn't finished. At this point，the mixture is frozen，but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets，or it can be extruded(挤压出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature，zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.Ice Cream Industry In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S.，the worldwide leader in ice cream production，topped $4 billion. In ，more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California，Indiana，Pennsylvania，Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in .With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can besecretive and underhanded(秘密). Deborah Hanny，owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville，NY，protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft?At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph，Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school，also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.3. In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process is finished.6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.9. In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.10. With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can be ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.[B] Too many students showed up.[C] The professor didn't show up.[D] The professor cancelled it.12. [A] Because nine is an odd number.[B] Because the elevator got stuck.[C] Because the elevator is too old.[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.13. [A] The rain has stopped.[B] She wants to soak her clothes.[C] She is looking for her clothes.[D] It's raining heavily.14. [A] She goes home for lunch.[B] She spends her time shopping.[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.[D] She doesn't wake up in time.15. [A] To buy some potatoes.[B] To pass him some potatoes.[C] To have some potatoes.[D] to help him cook some potatoes.16. [A] It involved a few lunches.[B] There were free lunches.[C] There were three lunches.[D] There were more than free lunches.17. [A] He decided to continue his project.[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.[C] Lack of land prevented his success.[D] He was successful with his project.18. [A] Painting the room white.[B] Buying white furniture.[C] Waiting the man to decide.[D] Asking Mr. White for advice. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In the student recreation center.[B] In the campus dining hall.[C] In the university bookstore.[D] In a classroom.20. [A] Studying.[B] Preparing snacks.[C] Playing cards.[D] Learning how to play bridge.21. [A] Miss her card game.[B] Stay up too late.[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.22. [A] He already knows how to play.[B] He doesn't like to play games.[C] He doesn't have a partner.[D] He doesn't have enough free time. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.[B] How conditions on earth support life.[C] How water originated on earth.[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth's atmosphere.25. [A] They are found under the oceans.[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.[C] Their emissions created earth's atmosphere.[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.Section B Directions：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] He was trained as an electronics engineer.[B] He was trained as a mechanical engineer.[C] He was trained as a communication engineer.[D] He was trained as a nuclear engineer.27. [A] Fishing and hunting.[B] He began to show great interest in natural beauty.[C] Nuclear science.[D] Amateur radio.28. [A] An old friend of his.[B] His elder brother.[C] His younger brother.[D] his younger son.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] The Bachelor's degree.[B] The Associate degree.[C] The Master's degree.[D] The Doctor's degree.30. [A] A technical associate degree.[B] A degree which is designed for transfer.[C] A bachelor's degree.[D] The last degree one can ever hope to attain.31. [A] 120 quarter hours.[B] 95 quarter hours.[C] 120 credit hours.[D] 72 credit hours.Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] In 1848.[B] In 1846.[C] In 1884.[D] In 1849.33. [A] 8,000 people.[B] 10,000 people.[C] 80,000 people.[D] 100,000 people.34. [A] From the western United States.[B] From all parts of the country.[C] From only the east coast of the American Continent.[D] From San Francisco Bay.35. [A] Because many settlements were abandoned.[B] Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.[C] Because private gold could not be protected by law.[D] Because everybody raced for California.Section C Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Mark Twain，who wrote the story we're going to read，traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces，usually (36) ________ circumstances，forced him to He was born in Florida，Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal，Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12，Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left，so he could (37)________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last，however，because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain，was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck，but did succeed as a writer. (44) ____________________________________________________________.(45) _________________________________________________________.(46)___________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two，but found yourself right back whereyou started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly，you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term，49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing，blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active，51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood，liver，and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity，the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity，the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking，running，rollerblading，swimming，dancing，and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly，if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration，you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short，a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effective[E] shed[F] physical[G] food[H] functions[I] participated[J] rely[K] cut[L] repeatedly[M] uses[N] little[O] obviousSection B Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences ingenetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities，it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people，simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep，enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature，and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand，it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions，many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful，one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success，but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success："You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added，" You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like，and to which you have given you best effort."57. In the first paragraph，the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment58. The word "frugal" (Line 2，Para. 2) means ________.[A] wealthy [C] thrifty[B] wasteful [D] miserable59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.60. The last paragraph implies that ________.[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what onereally likes61. This passage mainly talks about ________.[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goalsPassage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service，he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly，who runs Kelly Space Technology，"I realized the real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys，there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour，$98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by . This may sound great，but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen，life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do：design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive，safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away，but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all，you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far，far away.62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?[A] T ake Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1，Pare.1) mostprobably means ________.[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,00065. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.[C] The government has little interests in this project.[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?[A] Objective. [C] Approving.[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 overthe centuries. During the 1950s especially，increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 ，they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts，who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds，73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .These authorities 75 that meaning，being concerned with thinking，must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking，and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader，78 to some，is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.Many adults，although they have the ability to read，have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly，the philosophy，objectives，methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition，reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language，to interpret meaning for various 84 ，at various rates，and at various levels of difficulty，and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short，reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting069. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] ToPart VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions：Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从咱们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来).89. _______________________(我要点一份煎蛋和熏肉)，and my colleague。
四级预测试卷及答案
四级考前冲刺试题一Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座2. 有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座3. 你的看法_Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)Eat an Apple (Doctor’s Orders)The farm stand is becoming the new apothecary (药剂师), preparing and giving out apples — not to mention vegetables such as artichokes, asparagus and arugula — to fill a novel kind of prescription.Doctors at three health centers in Massachusetts have begun advising patients to eat “prescription produce” from local farmers’ markets, in an effort to fight o besity (when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy) in children of low-income families. Now they will give coupons (赠券) amounting to $1 a day for each member of a patient’s family to promote healthy meals.“A lot of these kids have a very limited range of fruits and vegetables that are acceptable and familiar to them. Potentially, they will try more,” said Dr. Suki Tep perberg, a family physician at Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester, one of the program sites. “The goal is to get them to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables by one serving a day.”The effort may also help farmers’ markets compete with fast-food restaurants selling dollar value meals. Farmers’ markets do more than $1 billion in annual sales in the United States, according to the Agriculture Department.Massachusetts was one of the first states to promote these markets as hubs of preventive health. In the 1980s, for example, the state began issuing coupons for farmers’ markets to low-income women who were pregnant or breast-feeding or for young children at risk for malnutrition (营养不良). Thirty-six states now have such farmers’ market nutri tion programs aimed at women and young children.Thomas M. Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said.“When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a sod a,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.”The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has appointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city.Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity.Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said.Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat.“Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-costempty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit group in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce.If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.”The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics.A foundation called CAVU, for Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited, sponsors the clinics that are administering the vegetable project. The Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and Wholesome Wave each contributed $10,000 in seed money. (Another arm of the program, at several health centers in Maine, is giving fresh produce coupons to pregnant mothers.) The program i s to run until the end of the farmers’ market season in late fall.One month after Leslie-Ann Ogiste, a certified nursing assistant in Boston, and her 9-year-old son, Makael Constance, received their first vegetable prescription coupons at the Codman Center, they have lost a combined four pounds, she said. A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said.“It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers,tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.”Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes —the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son.Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said.Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh produce after the voucher program ends.Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescription project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores.But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.In a recent study led by Dr. Cohen, for example, people in southern Louisiana typically exceeded guidelines for eating salty and sugary foods by 120 percent in the course of a day while falling short of vegetable and fruit consumption by 20 percent.The weight clinics in Massachusetts chosen for the vegetable prescription test project already encourage families to cut down on unhealthy snacks.Even as Ms. Ogiste and her son started shopping a t the farmers’ market and eating more fresh produce, for example, they also cut back on junk food, she said.“We have stopped the snacks. We are drinking more water and less soda and less juice too,” Ms. Ogiste said. “All of that helped.”1. Dr. Suki Tepperberg suggested that many overweight children .A) have consumed too much meatB) dislike fruits and vegetables by natureC) mainly come from wealthy familiesD) will have more vegetables if provided2. Besides poor obese children, the veget able “prescription” program is also helpful for .A) doctors at the health centersB) farmers in the local marketC) restaurants serving fast foodD) manufactures providing concerned medicine3. In the new children’s program, what doctors n eed to do is .A) evaluating the effect of the program B) writing prescriptions at a farm standC) giving vegetable coupons to farmers D) developing novel medicine to fight obesity4. According to the phone interview, why did Thomas M. Menino su pport the current farmers’ marketnutrition programs?A) He hoped to promote local foods in the whole city.B) He wanted to change children’s unhealthy lifestyle.C) He was persuaded by his food policy director to do so.D) He had to fulfill his “healthy eating” promise made years ago.5. Some people support the vegetable coupon program because they think .A) eating more fruits and vegetables can solve the problem of obesityB) the program will encourage overweight children to take more exercisesC) it will save the patients a large amount of money on medical treatmentD) eating habits changed under doctors’ interventions will do patients good6. What do we know about Wholesome Wave from the passage?A) It is a nonprofit group that specializes in weight control.B) It sponsors healthy weight clinics in local farmers’ markets.C) It tries to make fresh food available to poor families.D) It is giving vegetable coupons to pregnant women.7. What happened to Leslie-Ann Ogiste after she got the first vegetable coupons?A) She successfully lost a lot of weight.B) She spent a total of four pounds on vegetables.C) She got her weight down a bit.D) She gained weight due to the variety of the food.8. According to some nutrition researchers, the vegetable prescription program will have limited effecton obesity if carried out _____________________________________.9. To effectively reduce obesity, Dr. Deborah A. Cohen suggested overweight people eat less_____________________________________.10. In Ms. Ogiste and her son’s current diet, fresh vegetables are increased while junk food is_____________________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He does not have a good hearing.B) He has been driving madly for a year.C) He never takes what she says seriously.D) He is always impatient with her.12. A) He is poor at remembering numbers.B) He can’t remember Mary’s phone number.C) He doesn’t know Mary’s phone number at all.D) He doesn’t want to tell her Mary’s phone number.13. A) They should go to see the man’s father.B) A guy named Tom will go to a new place.C) The woman might go with the man to see his mother.D) Going to see the new kid is the best thing they can do.14. A) Their first child is very lovely.B) They don’t want children for the time being.C) They will start a family as soon as they get married.D) Mrs. Smith wishes to have children, but her husband doesn’t.15. A) He has done what he shouldn’t.B) He has done more than enough.C) He has done as much as he could.D) He hasn’t done as much as he could.16. A) The man paid a lot to join the gym.B) The man has been working too hard.C) The man has improved his physical condition.D) The man has paid off his debts through hard work.17. A) Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.B) Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.C) Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.D) Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.18. A) She didn’t go to the game.B) She also left the game before it was over.C) She’s also curious about who won the game.D) She was sitting right behind the man at the game.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Everybody’s talking about E-mail nowadays.B) If you don’t have one, you will be out of time.C) It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users.D) It’s printed on every card people exchange with others.20. A) It may not be of a high level of security.B) It cannot contain any commercial information.C) You can only use the free E-mail account at home.D) It is difficult to get access to the website with such service.21. A) Internet Explorer. B) IE and Windows.C) The operating system. D) Additional software.22. A) Print an E-mail address on her card. B) Check her hardware and software.C) Pay the ISP for the E-mail account. D) Try to get a free E-mail account.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Tennis sets. B) Computer and TV set.C) Bookcase and book shelf. D) Refrigerator and kitchen stuff.24. A) Sell them to the second-hand bookshop.B) Advertise them on the university notice boards.C) Advertise them in the student newspaper for sale.D) Give them to the second- and third-year students for free.25. A) It may not pay well. B) It may not come on time.C) It may not take the goods. D) It may charge the quote.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Moved. B) Annoyed.C) Delighted. D) Discouraged.27. A) Ask him for pity. B) Tell him the truth.C) Tell him a white lie. D) Ask others to help you.28. A) Remember all their names. B) Remember just their last names.C) Remember a couple of names first. D) Remember as many names as possible.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Cycling around a lake. B) Motor racing in the desert.C) Playing basketball in a gym. D) Swimming in a sports center.30. A) It is popular in Portugal and Spain.B) It causes water shortages around the world.C) It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.D) It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.31. A) It is an outdoor sport. B) It improves our health.C) It uses fewer resources. D) It is recommended by experts.32. A) To show people the function of major sports.B) To encourage people to go in for green sports.C) To discuss the major influence of popular sports.D) To introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 534. A) To ask the family for help.B) To make a study of financial courses.C) To do research on the price of college.D) To get to know how to ask for financial aid.35. A) To introduce college life.B) To make JohnsonReview popular.C) To help audiences find the right college.D) To suggest ways to prepare for college learning.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education (36) __________ across America. Community colleges have become popular and their (37) __________ have increased rapidly. Large universities are (38) __________ more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the (39) __________ for more education is being met.One reason for this is that many older people are changing their (40) __________. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs of many (41) __________ things have recently greatly (42) __________. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be (43) __________.(44)_________________________________________________________ Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. (45) _____________________________________________________________________. Accounting and business courses are also taken by many adult students. Some students attend classes to earn degrees.(46) ___________________________________________________________________. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There was a time when red meat was a luxury for ordinary Americans, or was at least something special: cooking a roast for Sunday dinner, ordering a steak at a restaurant. Not anymore. Meat consumption has more than 47 in the United States in the last 50 years.Now a new study of more than 500,000 Americans has provided the best 48 that our love for red meat has exacted a high price on our health and limited our life span. The study found that, other things being 49 , the men and women who consumed the most red and processed meat were likely to die sooner, 50 from one of our two leading killers, heart disease and cancer, than people who consumed much 51 amounts of these foods.To prevent deaths 52 to red and processed meats, people should eat a hamburger only once or twice a week instead of every day, a small steak once a week instead of every other day, and a hot dog every month and a half instead of once a week. In 53 of red meat, non-vegetarians (非素食者) might consider poultry and fish. Likewise, those who ate the most fruits and vegetables also tended to live 54 .Anyone who worries about global well-being has yet another reason to consume less red meat. A reduced 55 on red meat for food could help to save the planet from the 56 effects ofSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The work on atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (氯氟化碳) led eventually to a global CFC ban that saved us from ozone-layer reduction. Do we have time to do a similar thing with carbon emissions to save ourselves from climate change?Not a hope at all. Most of the “green” stuff is very close to a big trick. Carbon trading, with its huge government grants, is just what finance and industry wanted. It’s not going to do a thing about climate change, but it’ll make a lot of money for a lot of people and postpone the moment of reckoning.I am not against renewable energy, but to spoil all the decent countryside in the UK with wind farms is driving me mad. It’s absolutely unnecessary, and it takes 2,500 square kilometers to produce a gigawatt (十亿瓦特) —that’s an awful lot of countryside.Work to sequester (隔离) CO2(carbon dioxide) is also a waste of time. It’s a crazy idea — and dangerous. It would take so long and use so much energy that it will not be done.And, nuclear power is a way for the UK to solve its energy problems, but it is not a global cure forclimate change. It is too late for emissions reduction measures.Yet we are not doomed. There is one way we could save ourselves and that is through the massive burial of charcoal (木炭). It would mean farmers turning all their agricultural waste — which contains carbon that the plants have spent the summer sequestering — into charcoal, and burying it in the soil. Then you can start shifting vast quantities of carbon out of the system and pull the CO2 down quite fast.What we can do is getting farmers to burn their crop waste at very low oxygen levels to turn it into charcoal, which the farmer then ploughs into the field. A little CO2 is released but the bulk of it gets converted to carbon. You get a few per cent of bio-fuel as an additional product of the burning process, which the farmer can sell. This scheme would need no subsidy (补贴): the farmer would make a profit. This is the one thing we can do that will make a difference.57. According to the passage, carbon trading .A) probably saves people from climate changeB) benefits some financially but not environmentallyC) has contributed a lot to carbon emissions reductionD) makes huge money for governments around the world58. What does the author say about wind farms in Britain?A) The gain does not equal to the loss.B) They can help solve world’s energy problems.C) They would be perfect if they take up smaller space.D) They will waste the government lots of time and money.59. W hat’s the author’s opinion on nuclear power?A) It’s one of the emission reduction measures that should be advocated.B) It’s only applicable to Britain but not the whole world in emission reduction.C) It’s of no help to the current global climate as a sl ow way to pull CO2 down.D) It’s a good way to solve both the energy and pollution problems in the world.60. To reduce carbon emission fast in the world, the author suggests .A) capturing and sequestering CO2 in the airB) building more nuclear power plantsC) planting more trees to absorbing CO2D) burying burnt crop waste into the field61. According to the passage, one advantage of the author’s proposal is that .A) it can produce charcoal most of which can be used as fuelB) it does n’t involve any international cooperation or negotiationC) it brings extra income to farmers and saves government moneyD) it needs no advanced technology or expensive equipmentPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.A few years back, the decision to move the Barnes, a respected American art institution, from its current location in the suburban town of Merion, Pa., to a site in Philadelphia’s museum district caused an argument — not only because it shamelessly went against the will of the founder, Albert C. Barnes, but also because it threatened to dismantle (拆开) a relationship among art, architecture and landscape critical to the Barnes’s success as a museum.For any architect taking on the challenge of the new space, the confusion of moral and design questions might seem overwhelming. What is an architect’s responsibility to Barnes’s vision of a marvelous but odd collection of early Modern artworks housed in a rambling(布局凌乱的) 1920s Beaux-Arts pile? Is it possible to reproduce its spirit in such a changed setting? Or does trying to replicate (复制) the Barnes’s unique atmosphere only doom you to failure? The answers of the New York architects taking the commission are not reassuring.The new Barnes will include many of the features that have become virtually mandatory (强制性的) in the museum world today —conservation and education departments, temporary exhibition space, auditorium, bookstore, café— making it four times the size of the old Barnes. The architects have tried to compensate for this by laying out these spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate the peacefulness, if not the fantastic charm, of the old museum.But the result is a complicated design. Almost every detail seems to ache from the strain of trying to preserve the spirit of the original building in a very different context. The failure to do so, despite such an earnest effort, is the strongest argument yet for why the Barnes should not be moved in the first place.The old Barnes is by no means an obvious model for a great museum. Inside the lighting is far from perfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cézanne, Picasso and Soutine with second-rate paintings by lesser-known artists, has a distinctly odd flavor. But these apparent flaws are also what have made the Barnes one of the country’s most charming exhibition spaces.But today the new Barnes is after a different kind of audience. Although museum officials say the existing limits on crowd size will be kept, it is clearly meant to draw bigger numbers and more tourist dollars. For most visitors the relationship to the art will feel less immediate.62. The Old Barnes becomes the successful museum mainly because of .A) the beneficial geographical position in a suburban townB) its unique design and orderly collection of artsC) the influence of its founder Albert C. BarnesD) the perfect connection among art, architecture and landscape63. The biggest challenge architects face in building the new Barnes is .A) the ethical and design problemsB) the difficulty to retain its original peacefulnessC) the lack of confidence in undertaking the taskD) the difficulty to put all the artworks in a smaller space64. According to the passage, the new Barnes will .A) be completely the same as the old one B) take up more space than the old oneC) be changed into an art education center D) be forced to be modern in appearance65. Why does the author oppose to relocate the Barnes?A) The relocation means disrespect to the person who runs it.B) Architectures’ complicated desi gn will make the museum charmless.C) The spirit of the old Barnes will be gone in a different place.D) The multiple functions of the new Barnes will destroy the collection.66. What do we know about the old Barnes from the fifth paragraph?A) It is a good example of the great modern museums.B) It is downgraded by the mixture of different paintings.C) The world-famous painters’ works make it a charming place.D) It is the seeming imperfection that makes it attractive.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a 67 . All we really know is that men, unlikea n i m a l s,s o m e h o w i n v e n t e d c e r t a i n68 to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with e a c h other; and that later they agreed 69 certain 67. A) myth B) wonderC) mystery D) peculiarity68. A) sounds B) gesturesC) signs D) movements69. A) in B) withC) of D) upon70. A) spelt B) combinedC) related D) copiedsigns, called letters, which could be 70 to represent those sounds, and which could be handed 71 . Those sounds, whether spoken, 72 written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their 73 —the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 74 with meaning for us by experience; and the 75 we live, the more certain words 76 to us the happy and sad 77 of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us 78 .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal 79 to our minds and emotions. This 80 and telling use of words is what we call 81 style. 82 all, the real poet is a master of words. He can 83 his meaning in words which sing like music, and 84 by their position and association can 85 men to tears. We should, 86 , learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech or writing silly and vulgar. 71. A) down B) outC) by D) off72. A) and B) yetC) also D) or73. A) functions B) associationsC) roles D) links74. A) filled B) fullC) live D) active75. A) happier B) sadderC) shorter D) longer76. A) reappear B) recallC) remember D) recollect77. A) incidents B) casesC) events D) affairs78. A) raises B) increasesC) improves D) emerges79. A) intensively B) extensivelyC) broadly D) powerfully80. A) charming B) academicC) conventional D) common81. A) written B) spokenC) literary D) dramatic82. A) Over B) AfterC) At D) Above83. A) transfer B) communicateC) convey D) transmit84. A) which B) thatC) what D) how85. A) engage B) makeC) move D) force86. A) therefore B) howeverC) furthermore D) neverthelessPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes___________________________ (促进了癌症的增加).88. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, ___________________________(电视完全取代报纸是不可能的).89. I don’t think it advisable that Tom ___________________________ (被委以该职) since he has noexperience.90We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage ___________________________ (映入眼帘).91. Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ___________________________ (别为这做任何事) for the timebeing.。
大学英语四级考试模拟试题7(标准答案).doc
大学英语四级考试模拟试题7（标准答案）Part I WritingComputer Games on CampusToday, many college students are absorbed in playing computer games. Maybe there is some truth in the statement that computer games are fun and will train one's reactivity, determination, and attention.However, the merits of computer games can never compensate for the negative effects they have. First, it is very time-consuming to play computer games. The game fans have sacrificed almost all their time thus they have no time to attend class, to take exercises, or even to date. Upon graduation many will regret that they have wasted the precious college time on nothing. Second, those who play computer games excessively would easily fall victim to various illnesses. For example, game fans always fix their eyes on the screen; therefore, they are likely to be near-sighted. Third, the game fans, who spend their time before the lifeless computers, usually overlook their relationship with others. They would find that they have some mental or psychic problems.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)这篇文章向人们介绍了在五一外出度假期间怎样保持女人漂亮本色。
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。
英语四级全真预测试题及答案
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t although college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70 for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76 that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77, the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79 . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80 . Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81 one bit if the history teacher p ops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 83 all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85 , begin with the shortest and easiest 86 . Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.67.[A]good[B]easily[C]sufficiently[D]well68.[A]until[B]after[C]while[D]so69.[A]somebody[B]nobody[C]everybody[D]anybody70.[A]follow[B]go[C]operate[D]work71.[A]behind[B]after[C]slow[D]later72.[A]hardly[B]unpleasant[C]hard[D]heavy73.[A]improbable[B]necessary[C]impossible[D]inevitable74.[A]week’s work[B]weeks’ works[C]weeks’ work[D]week’ s works75.[A]Even[B]Almost[C]If[D]With76.[A]to do[B]doing[C]at doing[D]with doing77.[A]turned in[B]tuned up[C]turned out[D]given in78.[A]very[B]quite[C]such[D]too79.[A]anyway[B]either[C]at all[D]that80.[A]solution[B]method[C]answer[D]excuse81.[A]help[B]encourage[C]assist[D]improve82.[A]expense[B]pay[C]debt[D]charge83.[A]devote[B]put[C]spend[D]take84.[A]Whichever[B]Whatever[C]However[D]Wherever85.[A]attraction[B]decision[C]temptation[D]dilemma86.[A]arrangements[B]way[C]assignments[D]classPart ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.Not only (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.88.The murderer (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.89.The emergence of e-commerce and the fast growing Internet economy are(为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).90.That Canadian speaks Chinese (和他说英语一样流利).91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was(忙着准备) her examination.Key to Model Test Three“成千上万人疯狂下载。
大学英语四级考试全真预测试题及答案详解（5）
Key to Model Test Two Part I Writing 【写作思路】 本⽂是⼀篇关于代沟的论⽂。
从代沟的现象开始讨论，接着提出代沟产⽣的家庭原因以及社会原因。
【参考范⽂】 Generation Gap Generation gap seems a hot topic between the old and the young. Parents complained that children didn’t show them proper respect and obedience, while children complained that their parents didn’t understand them at all. Often they discover that they have very little in common. One cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life. In traditional societies, children live in the same area as their parents, marry people their parents know and approve of, and often continue the family occupation. In our society, people often move out of the home at an early age, marry or live with people their parents have never met, and choose occupations that are rather different. Parents often expect their children to be better than them. However, these ambitions for their children are another cause of the division between them. Finally, the speed of change in our society is another cause of it. In a traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes. Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) 1. 【解析】Y本⽂主要叙述了垃圾掩埋法的过程和⽤途，这正是全⽂主旨所在，因此是正确的。
四级预测试卷答案详解
答案详解Keys to Test OnePart I Writing(30 minutes)As is shown in the picture, an old man is suffering a heart attack. It brings him such a great pain that he has to go to hospital for treatment. However, to his great surprise, the hospital bill is far beyond what he can afford. The old man is so shocked that he cannot stand on his feet. It hits him just like another heart attack.At present, with the medical expenses continuously going up, more and more people feel it difficult for them to pay for their fundamental health care. Many families with patient members get into heavy debts, espe-cially those who live in rural areas; worse still, some patients even have to wait for their ends hopelessly. Obvi-ously, this situation doesn’t contribute to the harmony of our society and holds back our social development as well.Therefore, we strongly call for reform in public health care so that everyone in our country can have an easy and equal access to necessary medical treatment. Effective measures should be taken to make sure that ev-ery citizen can enjoy a healthy and longer life.写作思路:这是一篇议论文,要求考生对现在普遍存在的就医费用高做阐述,文章内容安排如下:第一段:对图画进行简单的描述,指出重点:就医费用高。
大学英语四级试卷和答案-大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷
1大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷Model Test OnePart I Writing（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate（provide water for）farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation（rain or snow）.Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about th e amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. （For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.）Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.）But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,”says Gleick.“There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink.2. The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than harm.3. The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution.4. The problems Americans face concerning water are groundwater shrinkage and tap water pollution.5. According to the passage all water pollutants come from household waste.6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages.7. Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water-related problems.1.［Y］［N］［NG］2.［Y］［N］［NG］3.［Y］［N］［NG］4.［Y］［N］［NG］5.［Y］［N］［NG］6.［Y］［N］［NG］7.［Y］［N］［NG］8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Wait for the sale to start.［B］Get further information about the sale.［C］Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.［D］Buy a new suit.12.［A］He doesn’t think that John is ill.［B］He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.［C］He is aware that John is ill.［D］He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.［A］Before six.［B］At six.［C］After six.［D］After seven.14.［A］It is bigger.［B］It has a prettier color.［C］It has a larger yard.［D］It is brighter.15.［A］Australian and American.［B］Guest and host.［C］Husband and wife.［D］Professor and student.16.［A］1∶30.［B］11∶00.［C］9∶30.［D］10∶00.17.［A］He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.［B］He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.［C］He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.［D］He prefers traveling with the woman.18.［A］He thinks she should visit her cousin.［B］Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.［C］Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.［D］He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］Two different types of bones in the human body.［B］How bones help the body move.［C］How bones continuously repair themselves.［D］The chemical composition of human bones.20.［A］They defend the bone against viruses.［B］They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.［C］They break down bone tissue.［D］They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.［A］They have difficulty identifying these cells.［B］They aren’t sure how these cells work.［C］They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.［D］They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.［A］To learn how to prevent a bone disease.［B］To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.［C］To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.［D］To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］A new fuel for buses.［B］The causes of air pollution.［C］A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.［D］Careers in environmental engineering.24.［A］Her car is being repaired.［B］She wants to help reduce pollution.［C］Parking is difficult in the city.［D］The cost of fuel has increased.25.［A］A fuel that burns cleanly.［B］An oil additive that helps cool engines.［C］A material from which filters are made.［D］An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］From three to five months.［B］Three months.［C］Five months.［D］Four months.27.［A］Watch traffic.［B］Obey commands.［C］Cross streets safely.［D］Guard the door.28.［A］Three weeks.［B］Two weeks.［C］Four weeks.［D］Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Two to four times.［B］Four to six times.［C］Four to eight times.［D］Six to ten times.30.［A］Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.［B］People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.［C］People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills. ［D］Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.［A］People dream so as to sleep better.［B］People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.［C］Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.［D］Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］A sales representative.［B］A store manager.［C］A committee chairperson.［D］A class president.33.［A］To determine who will graduate this year.［B］To discuss the seating arrangement.［C］To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.［D］To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.［A］Their names, phone numbers and job preference.［B］The names and addresses of their guests.［C］The names of the committee they worked on last year.［D］Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35.［A］In an hour.［B］Next week.［C］In one month.［D］Next year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)______system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37)________ at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)_______or (39)________ shown on the eleven plus would have (40)_________if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41)________ schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)_________for the Ordinary (43)______of the General Certificate of Education. (44)________. Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45)__________. Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46)_________.Part ⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.［A］designed［F］convenience［K］cosmetics［B］take［G］services［L］started［C］heart［H］fame［M］downtown［D］needed［I］various［N］available［E］though［J］popularity［O］cheapnessSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?［A］All international managers can learn culture.［B］Business diversity is not necessary.［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi_________.［A］is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s［C］shows the reverse of globalization［D］has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought____________.［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world［D］both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those____________.［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture［C］who want to travel abroad［D］who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies________________.［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas［B］all have the quality of patience［C］will follow the overseas local cultures［D］adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.62.The passage is mainly concerned with_____________.［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that_______________.［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny64.The author admits that____________.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence)_____________. ［A］the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result［C］the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it66.We can safely conclude that the author__________________.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPart ⅤCloze （15 minutes）Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news. Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television,and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 79 . Newspapers are sold at a price that80even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling adv ertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This 83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper’s pag es. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.67.［A］Just when［B］While［C］Soon after［D］Before68.［A］to give［B］giving［C］given［D］being given69.［A］gather［B］spread［C］carry［D］bring70.［A］reason［B］cause［C］problem［D］purpose71.［A］make［B］publish［C］know［D］write72.［A］another［B］other［C］one another［D］the other73.［A］However［B］And［C］Therefore［D］So74.［A］value［B］ratio［C］rate［D］speed75.［A］spread［B］passed［C］printed［D］completed76.［A］inform［B］be informed［C］to informed［D］informed77.［A］entertain［B］encourage［C］educate［D］edit78.［A］on［B］through［C］with［D］of79.［A］forms［B］existence［C］contents［D］purpose80.［A］tries to cover［B］manages to cover［C］fails to cover［D］succeeds in81.［A］source ［B］origin［C］course［D］finance82.［A］way［B］means［C］chance ［D］success83.［A］measures［B］measured［C］is measured［D］was measured84.［A］somewhat ［B］little［C］much［D］something85.［A］offering［B］offered［C］which offered［D］to be offered86.［A］by ［B］with［C］at［D］aboutPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes）Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_______________ (想找麻烦).88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I___________________ (本来不必从银行借钱的).89.____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.90.I________________ (将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to_____________ (诉诸武力).Key to Model Test OnePart I Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。
英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析(7)
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）2010年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析(7)请考生注意时间，本份试卷考试时间是：0分钟，请把握好自己的考试时间，以便应对真正的考场。
简答题（共4题。
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2010年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析(7)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3. 我的观点和原因(本题0 分)请填写答案：Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are (36) ________ by lenders to decide how rrisky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual.The report holds information about a person's (37) ________ loans and credit-card debt. It records late (38) ________ of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome people with bad credit histories. They are (39) ________ higher interest rates and other loan costs.Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a (40) ________ of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been (41) ________ in their name with stolen personal information.Another reason is that credit reports are not always correct.. They might (42) ________ wrong information or old information.Before 1971, Americans could not see any of this information. One change, in 2001, permits people to see their FICO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac (43) ________. (44) __________.Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the worlduse its technology to create credit scores. (45) _______________________________________________.As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals.(46) _____________________________________________________________________ _.Paying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improves credit scores. (本题0 分)请填写答案：Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date.Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people.In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense.You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.[A] doubt [I] peace[B] active [J] demand[C] system [K] ask[D] offer [L] superior[E] unfairly [M] overcome[F] unfortunately [N] confidence[G] motive [O] roar[H] image (本题0 分)请填写答案：Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. ________________________ (幸亏遇到一位好心的出租车司机), Amy arrived at the test room in time.88. ________________________ (这是一个生死攸关的问题) and therefore we must pay more attention to it.89. The problem of internet crime ________________________ (近些年来引起了广泛关注).90. The computer isn't working properly; ________________________ (肯定有什么地方出了毛病).91. ________________________ (应当注意的是) that pollution has become one of the thorniest problems in many big cities. 来源: (本题0 分)请填写答案：综合题，请根据题目给出的内容，来回答下面给出的试题。
四级真题详解+标准预测5套预测试卷
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四级模拟解析
四级模拟解析一、四级模拟试卷1. 听力部分（35%）短篇新闻：第1题：你可能会听到这样一段新闻，讲的是关于某个大学的科研成果。
比如这个大学的研究团队发现了一种新的植物物种，这种植物可能对环境有特殊的意义。
然后问你一些细节，像这个植物是在哪里被发现的之类的。
答案：如果新闻里明确提到是在某座山上被发现的，那就选那座山对应的选项。
解析：做这种题呢，就得集中精力听新闻里提到的地点相关的词汇，像“in the mountains”“near the river”这些。
长对话：第2题：对话可能是一男一女在讨论他们的学习计划。
男的可能说他想参加某个英语角来提高口语，女的可能会给他一些建议。
问题是女的建议男的做什么。
答案：如果女的说可以提前准备一些话题，那这个就是答案。
解析：听这种长对话，要抓住对话双方的观点和建议，特别是一些表示建议的词汇，像“you should”“why not”之类的。
听力篇章：第3题：篇章可能是关于一个历史事件的。
比如讲美国独立战争中的某个重要战役。
问题是这个战役发生的年份。
答案：如果篇章里明确提到是1776年，那就选这个。
解析：对于这种历史事件的听力题，要注意听里面提到的时间、地点、人物等关键信息。
2. 阅读部分（35%）词汇理解：第4题：给你一篇短文，里面有10个空，下面有15个备选单词。
短文可能是关于环保的，像“sustainable”“ecological”这些单词就可能会出现在备选里。
答案：根据上下文，如果说这个空需要一个表示“可持续的”意思的单词，那“sustainable”就是答案。
解析：做这种题要先把短文大概看一遍，了解主题，然后再根据每个空前后的词汇来判断应该选哪个单词。
长篇阅读：第5题：给你一篇很长的文章和10个句子。
文章可能是关于科技发展对社会的影响的。
句子可能是一些关于科技改变人们生活方式的描述。
答案：要在文章里找到和句子意思相近的段落，可能需要仔细对比一些关键词。
四级预测试卷及答案
一：Part I WritingIs Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers?In recent years, there have been many disputes about young’s giving seats to the elderly on buses. Some people maintain that the elderly are physically weak and are more prone to falling and getting hurt when standing on a moving bus. Therefore, young people, especially those taking the priority seats, have obligation to offer the seats to senior citizens to prevent potential hurt.Some people, however, think the other way. Young passengers, they say, pay for the bus trip, so they enjoy the same right as senior citizens to use seats on the bus. Besides, many young riders, though physically strong, can’t escape being exhausted by a day’s work and are in great need of the seats on buses too. Forcing them to give up the seats seems inhuman and unfair.In my view, whether it is compulsory for the young to give up their seats to needy riders depends on the kind of seats they take. In general, it is a moral requirement for young passengers on regular seats to do so. However, for those sitting on priority seats, it is a legal obligation.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. D)2. B)3. A)4. B)5. D)6. C)7. C)8. in isolation 9. salty and sugary snacks 10. cut backPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. C) 12. B) 13. D) 14. B) 15. D) 16. C) 17. D) 18. B)19. C) 20. A) 21. B) 22. D) 23. D) 24. B) 25. A)Section B11. C) 12. B) 13. A) 14. C) 15. A) 16. D) 17. A) 18. B)26. C) 27. B) 28. C) 29. A) 30. D) 31. C) 32. B) 33. B) 34. D) 35. B)Section C36. programs 37. enrolments 38. offering 39. demand40. professions 41. household 42. increased 43. avoided44. Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education45. Various courses are offered, among which foreign languages, computers and communication courses are popular46. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills they can receivePart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. L) 48. C) 49. B) 50. E) 51. D) 52. F) 53. K) 54. J) 55. I) 56. O)Section B57. B) 58. A) 59. C) 60. D) 61. C) 62. D) 63. A) 64. B) 65. C) 66. D)Part V Cloze67. C) 68. A) 69. D) 70. B) 71. A) 72. D) 73. B) 74. A) 75. D) 76. B)77. C) 78. B) 79. D) 80. A) 81. C) 82. D) 83. C) 84. A) 85. C) 86. A)Part VI Translation87. contributes to the increase of cancers88. it is unlikely that television will replace the newspaper completely89. (should) be assigned to the job90. came into view / came into sight91. didn’t do anything about itPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: Look what a mess you’ve made! I’ve told you several times, but you just turn a deaf ear to me. Can you listento my words for once?M: Shut up! You’re driving me mad with your constant complaining.Q: What does the woman complain about the man?12. W: Bill, will you tell me Mary’s phone number?M: Well, it’s just at the tip of my tongue, but I have to look it up in my notebook.Q: What does the man mean?13. M: My father wants me to see a new kid — a guy named Tom. How about going with me?W: Okay. I might as well go. Nothing better to do.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?14. W: Have Michael and Joan Smith had a baby yet? They’ve been married for two years now.M: Michael indicated to me that they’d postpone having children until he gets his law degree.Q: How do the Smiths feel about children?15. W: Mr. David, you are such a nice young man and you have been taking good care of me ever since I first arrived here.I shall always feel grateful to you for everything you’ve done for me.M: It’s very kind of you to say so, but really I don’t think I had done nearly enough.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: I’ve been working out at the gym since February so… I’d been waiting to get in better shape.W: You look terrific! Seems like all your hard work has paid off.Q: What does the woman mean?17. M: Why did Margaret call yesterday?W: She wanted to pick up some magazines she lent me.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18. M: You know I had to leave the basketball game halfway through last night, so I never found out who won.W: Well, don’t look at me. I was just a few minutes behind you.Q: What does the woman mean?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Well, it seems to me that everybody’s talking about E-mail nowadays. When you exchange cards with others, you’ll feel out of time and start at a disadvantage if your card hasn’t an E-mail address on it.M: I wouldn’t be surprised, because, you know, it’s the easiest way to communicate with other users over a network. W: Is it? But I was told that we must set up an E-mail system on the network before we can communicate with other users. Is that true?M: Yes, it’s not tough to create such a system. However, you need some hardware and software to support it. W: Let me know the hardware needed first.M: A computer and a line that connects your computer with the Internet.W: All right. I was told that I need an account for my E-mail. Where can I get it?M: You can contact an ISP, I mean an Internet Service Provider, to get an account.W: How much do I have to pay for it?M: It varies. You can also get a free E-mail account if you don’t have to cons ider too much for the security of your mails. I know many people prefer free E-mails and they say their correspondence through that kind of account doesn’t involve commercial information needed to be strictly kept secret. You can get such a free account simply at home if you have got access to a website with such a service.W: It’s so convenient. I may prefer the free E-mail. What about the software?M: You don’t need any additional software. Just the IE, the Internet Explorer, bound with Windows, the operating system.W: Thank you so much for your help.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. According to the man, why is E-mail so popular?20. Which is the disadvantage of a free E-mail account?21. What is the necessary software to support the E-mail system?22. What will the woman probably do after the conversation?Conversation TwoW: Hi, Peter.M: Hi, Laura.W: How was your final?M: Absolutely no idea. Anyway, it’s just wonderful to have finished the exam.W: Yeah, to sleep in every morning.M: Well, I’ve got a lot to do before I leave for Chicago. I’ve got a lot of things I can’t take back with me and I don’t know what to do with them. I’m wondering if I can sell them to someone before going back to Chicago.Perhaps you could give me some advice.W: Well, it depends on what sort of things they are.M: There are quite a lot. I have a computer which is second-hand and not worth much. What I really want to get rid of is the furniture, the fridge and other kitchen stuff. Oh, there are some clothes and books as well.W: I see. Well, there are several alternatives. First of all, you could put up notices around the university about the books, you know, on the notice boards in the student union building, and anywhere the second-and third-year students will see them. People are always keen to buy cheap textbooks.M: Then what should I say on the notices?W: Just put the titles, authors and prices you want. Don’t forget to put your phone number.M: That’s a good idea. What about the furniture?W: You could try the same thing, but usually students are away all summer so they don’t want to buy furniture now.Another place to try might be a second-hand shop. Someone from the shop will usually come around and give you a free quote, and th en you can decide. But normally you won’t get much money for that sort of stuff. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. Which items does Peter want to sell?24. What is Laura’s suggestion about the books?25. What does Laura think of the second-hand shop?Section BPassage OneRemembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and p ronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names.Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, “I’m working to reme mber names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng —tall, black hair.” To reinforce your associati ons, write them on a small card as soon as possible.When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names.Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others — an automatic review for you.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?27. What may you do if you can’t remember someone’s name?28. What is it better to do when you meet a group of people?Passage TwoSports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal shoul d be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. A nd best of all, it’s free.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. Which is the speaker most probably in favor of?30. What do we know about golf from the passage?31. Why does the speaker use power walking as an example?32. W hat is the speaker’s main purpose of giving this speech?Passage ThreeYou’re about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your patent’s money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do yo u ever stop to wonder why you’re going?Relax. You’re making the right decision. First of all, you’ll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. College is also a lot of fun —after you graduate, you’ll be working every weekday for 50 or so years. And remember that college graduates earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, JohnsonReview is here to help you every step ofthe way.*Researching Schools. To us, the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that reallyfits you best — not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms.*Applying to School. On , you’ll find hundreds of actual college applicat ions and links to many more.*Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college rather than learningthe ways t o get financial aid. If you really do your research, you’ll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost.For more information, call 600-3681 or visit . Wherever you go, have a nice trip! Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. How many reasons for going to college does the speaker mention in the passage?34. What does the speaker advise you to do to pay the high cost of college?35. What’s the speaker’s purpose of giving this talk?Section CMillions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrolments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met.One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs of many household things greatly increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided.Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered, among which foreign languages, computers and communication courses are popular. Accounting and business courses are also taken by many adult students. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.二：Part I Writing 【范文】Should We Give Gifts to Teachers on Teachers’ Day?Whether we should give gifts to teachers on Teachers’ Day has become a topic of debate in China recently. Some people say we should for two reasons. The first reason is that gifts presented to teachers show our respect and appreciation for teachers’ contribution. Second is that teachers deserve the gifts and it has been a tradition for thousands of years.Some people, on the contrary, say we should ban gifts on Teacher’s Day. The festival, they say, has been materialized as more students’ parents turn to expensive gifts or even cash to offer teachers for some personal interests. It has put much pressure on parents that are not rich. Worse still, it may lead to the corruption of teachers.In my view, gifts still serve as a good way to express people’s love and respect toward hono urable teachers and should not be banned. However, people should give small and meaningful rather than expensive gifts to teachers for the sake of students, parents and teachers. After all, it is not the price of the gift but just the heart you put into it that is meaning and important.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. B)3. D)4. A)5. B)6. D)7. C)8. financial decisions 9. the lawyer 10. reliefPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A) 12. B) 13. C) 14. D) 15. B) 16. D) 17. B) 18. D)19. C) 20. B) 21. D) 22. D) 23. C) 24. D) 25. A)Section B26. B) 27. C) 28. A) 29. D) 30. A) 31. D) 32. C) 33. D) 34. C) 35. A)Section C36. passports 37. guarantee 38. specifies 39. introduced40. background 41. access 42. confirming 43. register44. The government has said that the cost of a combined 10-year passport will be 93 pounds45. scanners and readers needed for the national identity card scheme would have to be introduced anyway46. The use of more secure identity confirmation systems would mean cuts in social security, housing benefits andcouncil tax deceptionPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. F) 48. N) 49. G) 50. A) 51. E) 52. O) 53. M) 54. C) 55. H) 56. L)Section B57. B) 58. B) 59. C) 60. A) 61. D) 62. C) 63. A) 64. C) 65. A) 66. D)Part V Cloze67. B) 68. C) 69. B) 70. A) 71. D) 72. B) 73. D) 74. A) 75. C) 76. B)77. C) 78. A) 79. D) 80. A) 81. C) 82. B) 83. A) 84. C) 85. D) 86. D)Part VI Translation87. than it is when seen alone88. has been reading too long89. found it being cultivated90. should have kept your distance91. (should) be attacked by wild animalsPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: It seems something is weighing on your mind these days. What’s the matter?M: I don’t know... things seem to be worse. Sometimes I feel my girlfriend seems to take me for granted. If onlyI had a job or something ——then at least I’d feel I’m really doing something.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12. W: You never speak English unless you absolutely have to. I’ll h elp you if you promise to speak nothing butEnglish all the time.M: All right. Maybe I’ll do that. It’s the only way I’ll be able to learn English fast enough, I guess.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?13. M: How long does the journey take if I go by bus?W: It depends on the traffic. I think the Airport Express is your best bet.Q: Where is the man probably going to?14. W: Has Andrew ever worked on a newspaper before?M: No, not exactly, but he used to edit a magazine in his spare time when he was in college.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?15. W: There’ll be a meeting for the handicapped the week after next. They decided that every participant shouldwear a uniform.M: Yeah. I’m the right man up to the designing job.Q: What is the man going to do?16. M: Do you really want that much? You usually have only a cup of milk for breakfast at home.W: Well, it’s different. I don’t have to fix breakfast here. When you don’t have to cook, you enjoy the meal more.Q: What does the woman mean?17. M: You can teach Jim a more pleasant way. You’ll spoil his appetite.W: Maybe you’re right. I shouldn’t have blamed him before I taught him.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?18. W: Well, in my opinion, the news shows are extremely su perficial; they don’t tell you anything.M: Oh, I don’t know about that. I think the news reports are excellent. Presenting the news is what TV does best.Q: What does the man mean?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Lesley, again and again these days we hear the words “he’s on drugs” and many people feel that these illegal drugs are harmful and people should be prevented from getting hold of them in any way at all, because of the damage they can do. What do you feel about this?W: Oh, yes, you… you’ve got to have some sort of control, because it has been proved that these some sort of thing can do irreparable damage, and I know a horrible story about a 6-year-old kid who is in mental hospital now. Shewent to a party and she t ook something there and now she’s convinced she’s an orange and she won’t go out of the room for fear somebody’s going to crush her.M: Lesley, how widespread is the use of so-called illegal drugs in England?W: Well, as regards cannabis... um... I think as yet little is known about it. I think it may be a rash thing to legalize it now when so little is known, but it must be said that no positive harm has been proved.M: In view of hostility towards the so-called illegal drugs in things like newspapers and television, why do so many young people take drugs?W: Well, I think there are many reasons. One of the reasons is because of hostility. It’s the job of the younger generation to reject all the values of the older generation, and it’s just as well for huma n society that this is so, because otherwise we would never change it or make it better.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does Lesley think drugs can do?20. What is the 6-year-old kid afraid of?21. Why would legalizing cannabis be unwise?22. According to Lesley, what is the job of the younger generation?Conversation TwoM: Ok, Amy. Before we can find the right man for you, just tell us what kind of person you’d like to date. Don’t be shy. W: Well, OK. I’ve n ever done this before. I feel kind of silly, but here goes. I guess I really like men who have a sense of humor. I love to laugh and be happy. That’s the most important thing. But I don’t like men who are really loud, I mean, I like men to laugh, but I don’t want them to sound like donkeys.M: OK, what else?W: Oh, I like men who are intelligent and open-minded. Those two things go together, don’t they? Good conversations are important. I love talking about books and movies and politics. I really hate men who think they’re always right, you know, the stubborn ones who won’t listen to new ideas. They always get into bad moods if you don’t agree with them. I don’t like men who are moody.M: Now, Amy, tell me about the perfect Saturday night date.W: Hmm. Well, he comes over to my place, and we cook dinner together. Then we put on some jazz, sit down to eat and talk about important things. Of course, he offers to help with the dishes. It really bothers me when a man won’t help clean up.M: Sounds romantic. OK. L ast question. Is there anything you really don’t like?W: Well, sure. I really don’t like men, or people, who don’t respect other people.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.What kind of men does Amy like to date?24. W hat do you know about the perfect Saturday night date in Amy’s mind?25. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?Section BPassage OneA year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift —＄7,000, a legacy from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially,” says Dave.But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million — they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving. They thrived on comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase.Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything,” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden. “They could see things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.”Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy — a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents — should enrich the whole community and last for generations to come.Neighbors helping neighbors —that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about the Fusses from the passage?27. What do we learn about the Hatches according to the speaker?28. Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?29. What can we learn from the passage?Passage TwoToo much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to l earn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.A second study, looking at nearly 1,000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters may watch lots of TV.The study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. These with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.What do we learn about the low-scoring group according to the California study?31. What is the researchers’ understanding of the New Zealand study results?32. What can we learn from the end of the passage?Passage ThreeFor many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause o f their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely.In this speech I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is —politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority —someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress. So in the following speech I’ll suggest some ways out of the trap or find a solution for the parent-teen problems.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. Why does the speaker compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?34. Why do parents and teens want to be right?35. What will the speaker most probably discuss in the speech that follows?Section CThe Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, will today guarantee that the personal details contained on the national identity card will not go beyond those currently on passports. He will write the guarantee into the legislation which The bill specifies that only name, date and place of birth, gender, address, nationality and immigration status can be recorded on the ID database. The Home Secretary has promised that fresh legislation will have to be introduced if extra personal details such as health records, criminal records or other background information were added.Mr. Clarke will also promise that everyone will be able to access their entry on the national ID card database and see which organizations had been confirming their identity. At the same time ministers will table new government amendments to ensure that those who access the national ID cards register will not be able to tell who has a criminal record on the police national computer.The government has said that the cost of a combined 10-year passport will be 93 pounds. The Home Office has opened talks with departments likely to benefit from the introduction of the scheme to see if they can recoup some of the overall costs. The departments include work and retirement fund, health, transport and local councils.The Home Office minister, Andy Burnham, said scanners and readers needed for the national identity card scheme would have to be introduced anyway to updepartments which would make savings as a result of the introduction of ID cards would make a contribution. The use of more secure identity confirmation systems would mean cuts in social security, housing benefits and council tax deception.三：Part I Writing 【范文】ID Registration Policy for Mobile Phone UsersPeople were not required to show and have their identities registered when they bought a sim card before. Except some sim cards designated for particular people, you could get almost what you wish — no matter what。
大学英语四级预测试卷及答题解析
大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷Model TestPart I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……2. 有人不赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……3. 我的看法。
Should Smoking Be Completely BannedPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.SpaceOur Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day, we may leave our “mother ship”Earth to make our home among the stars.A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speeding through the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 miles per hour.It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home of over four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling through the universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however, have some of its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravity.But 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbiting space station 200 miles above the Earth.Space CitiesScientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life-saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools, and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work, play—even go to school, far above the Earth.Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. And astronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in space stations.The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientists think the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry. And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and from electricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.Why Go into Space?Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet-like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we canget them, could be used to build factories and space stations. Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electrici ty for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses many kinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes than pure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well on Earth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.At Home in Space?But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feel as well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth-like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.Aging in SpaceSuppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second. For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay-at-home twin brother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear cut as just described.1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.［A］the outer space［B］a man-made spaceship［C］the planet Earth［D］the Star Wars mother-ship2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conqueringwithin the past 25 years.［A］the universe［B］Earth’s gravity［C］the earth ［D］outer space3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space except.［A］the moon［B］Venus［C］Jupiter［D］Mars4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?［A］Because it is full of challenges for human beings.［B］Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.［C］Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.［D］Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .［A］size and moving ways ［B］comfortable living conditions［C］rich and valuable metals［D］solar energy6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously as it does in space places?［A］Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less harmful.［B］Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all.［C］Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.［D］Because other space places is near from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally buildin space suitable for humans to live.［A］an environment without ultraviolet light［B］a lot of homes［C］an Earth-like environment［D］an environment with atmosphere8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals ___________together with the lighter ones.9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into_____________ , for creating comfortable living conditions.10.According to the author,__________________ will be caused to a man in gravity-free space.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Tennis equipment.［B］V olleyball equipment.［C］Football equipment.［D］Basketball equipment.12.［A］He must meet his teacher.［B］He must attend a class.［C］He must go out with his girlfriend.［D］He must stay at school to finish his homework.13.［A］It’s not as good as it was.［B］It’s better than it used to be.［C］It’s better than people say.［D］It’s even worse than people say.14.［A］Because he doesn’t like football.［B］Because Maria fell ill.［C］Because he didn’t have the time.［D］Because Maria can’t stand football.15.［A］A temporary job.［B］A permanent job.［C］Some money for the vacation.［D］Some money for the university fees.16.［A］The woman did most of the talking.［B］The man did most of the talking.［C］The woman was wearing a black sweater.［D］The man and the woman had dark hair.17.［A］A sunny day. ［B］A raincoat.［C］An attractive hut. ［D］A lovely hat.18.［A］Librarian and student. ［B］Operator and caller.［C］Boss and secretary.［D］Customer and repairman.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］The benefits of strong business competition.［B］A proposal to lower the cost of production.［C］Complaints about the expense of modernization.［D］Suggestions concerning new business strategies.20.［A］It costs much more than its worth.［B］It should be brought up-to-date.［C］It calls for immediate repairs.［D］It can still be used for a long time.21.［A］The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.［B］A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.［C］The entire staff should be retrained.［D］Better educated employees should be promoted.22.［A］Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.［B］TV commercials are less expensive.［C］Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.［D］TV commercials attract more investments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］Searching for reference material.［B］Watching a film of the 1930s’.［C］Writing a course book.［D］Looking for a job in a movie studio.24.［A］It’s too broad to cope with. ［B］It’s a bit outdated.［C］It’s controversial.［D］It’s of little practical value.25.［A］At the end of the online catalogue.［B］At the Reference Desk.［C］In the New York Times.［D］In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］The liberation movement of British women.［B］Rapid economic development in Britain.［C］Changing attitudes to family life.［D］Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.27.［A］Because millions of men died in the war.［B］Because women had proved their worth.［C］Because women were more skillful than men.［D］Because factories preferred to employ women.28.［A］The concept of “the family”as a social unit.［B］The attitudes to birth control.［C］The attitudes to religion.［D］The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Synthetic fuel. ［B］Solar energy.［C］Alcohol.［D］Electricity.30.［A］Air traffic conditions. ［B］Traffic jams on highways.［C］Road conditions.［D］New traffic rules.31.［A］Go through a health check. ［B］Take little luggage with them.［C］Arrive early for boarding. ［D］Undergo security checks.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］Washing plates. ［B］Clearing tables.［C］Shining shoes. ［D］Sweeping the floor.33.［A］He must work six days a week.［B］He should never be late for work.［C］He must study hard in his spare time.［D］He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.34.［A］To pay him for his work.［B］To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.［C］To give his friends free drinks.［D］To allow him to have more free time.35.［A］Because the boy was not a full time worker.［B］Because the boy had made some mistakes.［C］Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.［D］Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Americans are proud of the (36)_________achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37)___________for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about(38)____________and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39)___________medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40)___________health plan for Americans. But there are many programs (41)_________for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed (42)___________of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43)_________________needs medical help, he can use money from the fund to pay for it.Other people have health insurance. (44)______________________________. In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. (45)__________________________________.Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money.(46)____________________________________. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t p retty. Ice is 53 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54 , threatening communities.The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.［A］remote［B］techniques［C］consisting［D］rest［E］willing［F］climate［G］skill［H］appetite［I］melting［J］vanishing［K］eroding［L］temperature［M］curiosity［N］changes［O］skillfulSectionBDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with hisfamily in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that____________are essential in achieving success.［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means_________.［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful［C］thrifty ［D］miserable59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because___________.［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards60.The last paragraph implies that___________.［A］we should have high goals［B］success means achieving great goals［C］success means taking a walk in the park［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes61.This passage mainly talks about___________.［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goalsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say”or “whole-word”method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run”readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate”in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limitedvocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. 62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_____________ .［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because___________ .［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method64.One major difference between the look say method of learning reading and the phonics method is____________ .［A］look say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn［C］look say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means________ .［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause［C］compare with ［D］oppose66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?［A］Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.［B］The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do f ind a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70 for everybody. The hint is “don’t get71 ”.The problem of studying,72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76 that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77 , the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79 . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80 . Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t81 one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 83 all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85 , begin with the shortest and easiest 86 . Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.67.［A］good［B］easily［C］sufficiently［D］well68.［A］until［B］after［C］while［D］so69.［A］somebody［B］nobody［C］everybody［D］anybody70.［A］follow［B］go［C］operate［D］work71.［A］behind［B］after［C］slow［D］later72.［A］hardly［B］unpleasant［C］hard［D］heavy73.［A］improbable［B］necessary［C］impossible［D］inevitable74.［A］week’s work［B］weeks’works［C］weeks’work［D］week’s works75.［A］Even［B］Almost［C］If［D］With76.［A］to do［B］doing［C］at doing［D］with doing77.［A］turned in［B］tuned up ［C］turned out［D］given in78.［A］very［B］quite［C］such［D］too79.［A］anyway［B］either［C］at all［D］that80.［A］solution［B］method［C］answer［D］excuse81.［A］help［B］encourage［C］assist［D］improve82.［A］expense［B］pay［C］debt［D］charge83.［A］devote［B］put［C］spend［D］take84.［A］Whichever［B］Whatever［C］However［D］Wherever85.［A］attraction［B］decision［C］temptation［D］dilemma86.［A］arrangements［B］way［C］assignments［D］classPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.Not only___________________ (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.88.The murderer_________________ (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.89.The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are_____________ (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).90.That Canadian speaks Chinese_________________________________________ (和他说英语一样流利).91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was __________________(忙着准备) her examination.Key to Model Test TwoPart I Writing【写作思路】本文要求写一篇针对吸烟问题的议论文。
大学英语四级考前三套预测卷及答案解析
大学英语四级考前三套预测卷及答案解析大学英语四级考前三套预测卷及答案解析（王长喜）四级考前最新命制试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Credit Card Consumption following the outline given below. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1. 现在信用卡消费已成为一种潮流2. 信用卡消费提供很多方便，但也带来了不少问题3. 我的看法……On Credit Card Consumption________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.Kindle Killers? The Boom in New E-ReadersAmazon, the online retailing giant, did more than any other company to turn the sale of digital books into a real business with the 2007 launch of the Kindle electronic reader. The company has sold an estimated 1.7 million units of the handheld device in theU.S., and it's getting ready to ship millions more. On Oct. 6, Amazon announced that it would soon begin selling Kindles —complete with a key feature that allows users to wirelessly download e-books from Amazon — in more than 100 countries.Success breeds imitators. Amazon is about to be attacked by a squadron of would-be Kindle killers being brought to market by some of the biggest names in consumer electronics and publishing. To complicate the increasingly competitive landscape even further, Apple and, according to rumor, Microsoft are working on tablet computers that could prove to be handy e-readers but with more functionsand features, such as video display capability and full web browsers. ‘‘2009 is a breakout year for e-readers,’’ sa ys Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst with Forrester Research. “But we’re still in the early stages.”The early stages have lasted a long time. E-readers have been around for more than a decade, but the devices weren't popular due to high cost, proprietary (专利的) display formats and the reluctance of book publishers to sell digital versions of their best-selling titles. Now, just as digital music was driven into the mainstream by Apple's iPod and iTunes, Amazon's Kindle and online bookstore, which sells more than 350,000 titles, are proving there's a mass market for e-books. Total industry revenue from digital-book downloads has risen 149% this year, according to the Association of American Publishers, while e-reader sales are expected to reach 3 million by Dec. 31, according to Forrester Research. Almost a million of the devices could be sold during the upcoming holiday season alone. In 2010, sales are projected to double, to 6 million.That kind of growth is hard to come by in the recession-wracked technology industry, and a crowd is starting to gather. Around the world, at least 17 e-readers are in development or already on the market. Among the better-known entrants is Asustek —the T aiwanese company practically invented the netbook category with its ASUS Eee-PC, and it is working on a product called the Eee-reader that it hopes to have on the market in time for Christmas. South Korea's two powerhouse consumer-electronics companies, Samsung and LG Electronics, are wading in too. Samsung earlier this year introduced a reader called the Papyrus in South Korea; reports circulating in the technology blogosphere say LG is developing a prototype with a large, 11.5-in.(diagonal) flexible screen. Meanwhile, Japan's Fujitsu has released the world's first dedicated e-reader with a color screen, although so far the device is only available in Japan.It isn't just tech companies that are joining the fray. Bricks-and-mortar bookseller Barnes & Noble, which in the U.S. offers access to 750,000 e-books on its website, is rumored to be pondering the development of its own e-reader to rival the Kindle. (The retailer already has a partnership to sell e-readers made by IREX, aspin-off of Holland's Royal Philips Electronics.) Major newspaper and magazine publishers, which are suffering mightily from the loss of subscribers and advertisers to the recession and the Internet, are also getting involved. News Corp. chairmanand CEO Rupert Murdoch, owner of the Wall Street Journal, is reportedly considering a deal with Japanese consumer-electronics giant Sony, which in 2004 introduced the first commercially viable e-reader, to use a black-and-white display technology called electronic ink (also used by the Kindle). Sony isrolling out a new family of e-readers, including a pocket-size version and one with a large screen that's geared toward newspapers and magazines.One reason e-readers are getting traction is that competition is driving down prices. Amazon has cut the price of the Kindle by $100 over the past six months, to $259. As e-readers proliferate (激增) and price disparities narrow, manufacturers are trying to differentiate their products by adding features such as MP3 players and touch screens. The eSlick by Foxit, based in Fremont, Calif., allows users to listen to songs while reading. Asustek recently unveiled a prototype e-reader with two screens, which would more closely duplicate the traditional reading experience, although the device that the company expects to release later this year will have a single screen.At the same time, new display technologies are emerging that promise to improve battery life and make devices more portable and easier to read. U.K.-based Plastic Logic hopes to introduce next year the first e-reader with a plastic screen that will reduce glare and be less prone to cracking when dropped by ham-fisted owners. Electronic-ink technology is set to move from black and white to color by the end of 2010. Even video is on the horizon. "We'll see a range of models start to appear over the first half of 2010" offering "a range of different reading and productivity experiences," says Neil Jones, CEO of U.K.-based Interead, which in May launched a $249 e-reader called the COOL-ER.Newcomers will have a hard time breaking Amazon's chokehold in the U.S., where the company controls 60% of the e-reader market, according to Forrester Research. But the edge Amazon gained when it launched the Kindle could be blunted byevolving technology and changing consumer needs. Currently, more people read e-books on their smart phones than they do on dedicated devices like e-readers.And there's the looming threat posed by next-generation tablet computers. Apple, the king of cool handheld devices, is rumored to be readying a tablet computer with all the functions of a laptop as well as iPhone-like touch capabilitiesfor release early next year. Microsoft has been secretive about its plans for a tablet, but a video making the rounds of the blogosphere show a dual-LCD-screen prototype that closes like a book. "E-readers are a transitional technology," says Rotman Epps of Forrester Research. Which means that just as the e-reader is taking off, it may be becoming obsolete.1. What do we learn about Amazon from the first paragraph?A) It was a giant electronics company. C) It was the first company to sell digital books.B) It released an e-reader named the Kindle. D) It did more business with overseas customers.2. According to the passage, from Oct. 6, users of Kindles can ______.A) read complete books on Amazon for free C) download e-books from Amazon wirelesslyB) change their digital books into paper ones D) connect the handheld device with a computer3. The notebook computer which Microsoft is developing is said to ______.A) beat the Kindle in the market soon C) gain less popularity than e-readersB) be a pale imitation of the Kindle D) be more powerful than e-readers4. One of the reasons e-readers were not popular in the past is that ______.A) they couldn’t cater for people who have expensive tastesB) the appearance of these devices was not appealing to consumersC) publisher were unwilling to sell digital versions of their best-sellersD) people didn’t like the low display technologies used in these devices5. According to the author, to sell 6 million e-readers in 2010 is _____.A) unlikely B) possible C) realisticD) easy6. What is said about the Eee-reader in the passage?A) It will bring in big revenue for the company. C) It is the first color-screen e-reader in the world.B) It is developed by a Taiwan-based company. D) It is already available on the international market.7. The e-reader geared to News Corp. will ______.A) help the company attract more advertisers C) be small enough to fit into people’s pocketsB) have a larger screen than that of the Kindle D) use the same display technology as the Kindle8. Manufacturers are _________________________, like touch screens, to distinct their e-readers from their rivals’.9. Now e-readers are easier to carry and read thanks to the emergence of_________________________.10. As technology develops and consumer needs _________________________, the advantage the Kindle gave Amazoncould no longer exist.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He believes that John was joking. C) He believes that John will resign his job.B) He thinks that the woman is lying. D) He thinks that John will not sell his house.12. A) She doesn’t like Prof. Emerson at all.B) She hopes to meet Prof. Emerson soon.C) She is happy that Prof. Emerson will be the dean.D) She is not surprised that Prof. Emerson will be the dean.13. A) She has left her umbrella in the office. C) Her bag is too heavy to take her umbrella.B) She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D) Her husband is wrong so much of the time.14. A) She doesn’t know where to find the manager. C) She can help the man right now.B) She can’t understand what the man means.D) She knows the building very well.15. A) Sam’s knee should be better by now. C) Sam is notwise to quit school right now.B) This isn’t a good time for Sam to qui t. D) Sam should have stopped playing basketball earlier.16. A) He has been home. C) He has been on vacation.B) He has been in hospital. D) He has been abroad to further his study.17. A) He is extremely lazy. C) He is usually very punctual.B) He is usually late for appointments. D) He is a diligent student.18. A) The band members have been working hard. C) The band members are being paid to play.B) Band practice begins in an hour. D) The band will give a better performance hereafter.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Because of the shop’s advertisement.B) Because the T-shirts fit him perfectly.C) Because the products are said to be good.D) Because he had some acquaintances there.20. A) They turned to be shabby. C) They became longer.B) They became smaller. D) They lost their colors.21. A) T-shirts on sale always have a poor quality.B) People shouldn’t always believe in the advertisement.C) People should not buy discounted T-shirts.D) Shops can not run long if they sell discounted products.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Relaxing at the seashore. C) Sailing on a boat.B) Visiting her parents. D) Preparing for the race.23. A) She was accommodated only for the weekend.B) She could not put up with the hot weather.C) She felt difficult to focus on his study.D) She had an appointment with her professor.24. A) Play badminton. C) Go fishing.B) Go swimming. D) Wade in the water.25. A) Go to dinner. C) Go to the beach.B) Go to have a BBQ. D) Go to swim.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) 5 percent. C) 10 percent.B) 8 percent. D) 11 percent.27. A) Manufacturing. C) Building.B) Health care. D) Education.28. A) Men still hold about nine out of every ten top positions.B) Women have become the main earners in American families.C) Men still have the power of control in the family.D) Women attach great importance to their independence.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have justheard.29. A) It was a present from the people of Florence.B) Its face was designed as the sculptor’s m other.C) It is also known as Freedom of Lady Liberty.D) It is entirely made of copper.30. A) Seven allied countries of the U.S..B) Seven States in America.C) Seven seas and seven continents.D) Seven lights of freedom.31. A) To raise its height. C) To fix its broken parts.B) To enhance its structure. D) To attract more visitors.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) 1 million. C) 3. 5 million.B) 2. 5 million. D) 9 million.33. A) Maternal and newborn health. C) Cutting poverty.B) Reduction of child deaths. D) Reducing maternal mortality.34. A) In regions where poverty is prevailing.B) In regions where maternal death rates are high.C) In regions where medication is insufficient.D) In regions where people’s life expectancy is short.35. A) Lack of resources. C) Weak institutions and H.I.V.B) Lack of commitment. D) Conflicts in these countries.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 withthe exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you arerequired to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use theexact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you havewritten.An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term association between two or more people. This association may be (36) _______ on emotions like love and liking,。
全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测试卷及答案解析
全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测试卷及答案解析全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测试卷及答案解析1. What kind of food is most likely to cause dental decay?[ A ] Coca Cola.[ B ] Sausage.[ C ] Milk.[ D ] Fried chicken.2. How many decayed teeth does Dr. Faustick have?[ A ] 13.[ B ] None.[ C ] 1[ D ] A few.3. What does Dr. Faustick suggest to prevent dental decay?[ A ] Brash your teeth in the morning.[ B ] Brash your teeth in the evening.[ C ] Clean your teeth shortly after eating.[ D ] Have your teeth X-rayed.4. Marco Polo came to China[ A ] alone.[ B ] with two friends.[ C ] with his brothers.[ D ] with his father and uncle.5. He stayed in China for almost[ A ] 20 years.[ B ] 12 years.[ C ] 7 years.[ D ] 3 years.6. How many unbelievable descriptions in Marco Polo’s book are mentioned in the passage?[ B ] 3.[ C ] 2.[ D ] 1.7. What is Einstein’ s greatest contribution to human beings? [ A ] His teaching.[ B ] His theory of relativity.[ C ] His theory on advanced mathematics.[ D ] His research.8. When did Einstein’ s family move to Munich?[ A ] When he was 2 years old.[ B ] When he was 14 years old.[ C ] When he finished his study.[ D ] When he became a teacher.9. When did Einstein begin teaching?[ A ] In 1901.[ B ] In 1902.[ C ] In 1910.[ D ] In 1879.10. How did Einstein explain Relativity to young students? [ A ] Patiently.[ B ] Intelligently.[ C ] Indifferently.[ D ] Vividly.11.[ A ] relaxed[ B ] frustrated[ C ] amused[ D ] exhausted12.[ B ] otherwise [ C ] even[ D ] so13.[ A ] experience [ B ] witness[ C ] watch[ D ] undergo 14.[ A ] Deliberately [ B ] Consequently [ C ] Frequently [ D ] Apparently 15.[ A ] unless[ B ] once[ C ] while[ D ] as16.[ A ] suspicion [ B ] opposition [ C ] criticism [ D ] praise17.[ A ] emotion [ B ] fancy[ C ] likelihood [ D ] judgement 18.[ A ] at length[ B ] to a great extent [ C ] from his heart [ D] by all means 19.[ A ] follows[ B ] predicts[ C ] defies[ D ] supports20.[ A ] dedication[ B ] compassion [ C ] contemplation [ D ] speculation 21.[ A ] Still[ B ] Also[ C ] Certainly[ D ] Fundamentally 22.[ A ] faith[ B ] reliance[ C ] honor[ D ] credit23.[ A ] if[ B ] once[ C ] when[ D ] whereas24.[ A ] propositions [ B ] predictions [ C ] approval[ D ] defiance25.[ A ] about[ B ] on[ C ] in[ D ] to26.[ A ] started[ B ] conducted [ C ] replaced[ D ] proposed 27.[ A ] Since[ B ] Although[ C ] However[ D ] Only if28.[ A ] Even if[ B ] Because[ C ] If[ D ] For29.[ A ] at a loss[ B ] at last[ C ] in group[ D ] on the occasion 30.[ A ] stimulate[ B ] constitute[ C ] furnish[ D ] provoke31. A method of parent-teacher communication NOT mentioned or referred to by the author is_______.[ A ] home training[ B ] demonstration lesson[ C ] parent-teacher interviews[ D ] new progress report forms32. It can be reasonably inferred that the author_______.[ A ] thinks that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation[ B ] is satisfied with present relationships between home and school[ C ]feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the development program[ D ] feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present33. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to_______.[ A ] improve the teaching of mathematics[ B ] tell parents to pay more attention to the guidance of teachers in the matter[ C ] help ensure that every child’ s capacities are fully developed when leaving school[ D ] urge the use of a much underused resource-the parent34. The phrase "an important role in enlightening parents" in the third paragraph most probably means an important role in_______.[ A ] causing parents to understand[ B ] persuading parents[ C ] understanding parents[ D ] discussing with parents35. The attitude of the author towards the role of parents is_______.[ A ] positive[ B ] negative[ C ] doubtful[ D ] unclear36. Scintilla was the first company to_______.[ A ] sell red and yellow roses[ B ] measure customer response to color[ C ] give lecturers on marketing[ D ] develop a method to predict business turnover37. Who initiated Scintilla?[ A ] Mr. Chrom.[ B ] Mr. Scintilla.[ C ] Mr. Amir.[D] Mr. Crowe.38. According to Chromtest, color can strongly influence the_______.[ A ] price of products[ B ] sales of products[ C ] quality of products[ D ] image of companies39. Crowe set up Scintilla with_______.[ A ] $10,000 gift from his wife[ B ] $ 5,000 loan[ C ] $10,000 share capital[ D ] $ 5,000 retained earnings40. “Parisians will not eat off brown plates” means they dislike to eat_______.[ A ] brown plates[ B ] beside brown plates[ C ] food served on brown plates[ D ] without brown plates41. What is the main idea-of the passage?[ A ] The credit manager’s responsibility.[ B ] The supervisor’s responsibility.[ C ] The working procedures of a credit department.[ D ] The command and control in the credit department.42. Which of the following is NOT true?[ A ] The credit policy can be a part of a commercial bank’s policy.[ B ] The credit policy rests only with the credit manager.[ C 1 The supervisors are the helping hands of the credit manager.[ D ] A credit manager of the credit department is not necessarily a bank’s leading person.43. By “a customer order”, the customer is most probably trying to get_______.[ A ] some goods from the factor[ B ] some money from the factor[ C ] some goods fr om the factor’s client[ D ] some money from the factor’s client44. “Credit exposures” probably means_______.[ A ] uncovered risks[ B ] approved limits[ C ] expected sums[ D ] protected sources45. The word "anticipating" (Para. 4, Sent. 5)can be safely replaced by_______.[ A ] bringing[ B ] preventing[ C ] protecting[ D ] expecting46. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?[ A ] Scornful.[ B ] Appreciative.[ C ] Envious.[ D ] Realistic.47. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by_______.[ A ] the complaints from various employers[ B ] the success of many non-MBAs[ C ] the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines[ D ] the poor performance of MBAs at work48. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?[ A ] They are usually self-centered.[ B ] They are aggressive and greedy.[ C ] They keep complaining about their jobs.[ D ] They are not good at dealing with people.49. From the passage we know that most MBAs_______.[ A ] can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly[ B ] quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates[ C ] receive salaries that do not match their professionaltraining[ D ] cherish unrealistic expectations about their future50. What is the passage mainly about?[ A ] The reason for an enrollment in MBA programs.[ B ] The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.[ C ] Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.[ D ] A debate held recently on university campuses.1.1564.2.hometown.3.1592.4.retired.5.1616. 6.Three weeks.7.About 23 hours.8.12 to 14.9.July 3. 10.$5.11.A l2.B 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.D1～20题解析略。
2021年大学英语四级考试全真预测试题
^| You have to believe，there is a way. The ancients said:" the kingdom of heaven is trying to enter". Only when the reluctant step by step to go to it 's time，must be managed to get one step down，only have struggled to achieve it.-- Guo Ge Tech大学英语四级考试全真预测试题(一)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选取职业是一种人要面对众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选取职业。
3. 选取职业时可以向多人谋求建议和协助。
【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业议论文。
短文需要阐明慎重择业相称重要，并提出各种指引择业办法。
【参照范文】Choosing an OccupationOne of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people，of course，who from th e time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters，but themajority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.Choosing an occupation takes time，and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work，or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.Fortunately，there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools，there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.听力Section CDirections:In this section，you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.In the English (36) system，students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus，which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38) or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40) if a child stayed in school. Now，however，all children continue in (41) schools，and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen，the students are (42) for the Ordinary (43) of the General Certificate of Education. (44) . Once students have passed this exam，they are allowed to specialize，so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics，chemistry，classicallanguages，or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45) . Even at the universities，students study only in their concentrated area，and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46) .36.【答案】educational【解析】本文讲是英国教诲系统，重要讲了英国学生要参加三次重要考试。
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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the ____67 ___ of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their ____68 ___ children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any ____69___ visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an ____70 ___ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care ____71 ___ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied ____72 ___ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the ____73 ___ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. ____74 ___, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ____75 ___, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers ____76 ___ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best ____77 ___ for the job. In other words, they all felt that they ____78 ___ do the job better than anyone else. Social workers ____79 ___ caregivers to find out why they took ___ 80 ___ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had ___81 ___ to help their relative. Some stated that helping others ____82 ___ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping ____83___ now, they would deserve care when they became old and ____84 ___. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a ____85 ___ satisfying experience for everyone who might be ____86 ___.67. [A] hands [B] arms [C] bodies [D] homes68. [A] growing [B] grown [C] grow [D] grows69. [A] constant [B] lasting [C] regular [D] normal70. [A] imaginary [B] imaginable [C] imaginative [D] imagery71. [A] that [B] this [C] those [D] these72. [A] when [B] how [C] what [D] where73. [A] common [B] ordinary [C] standard [D] average74. [A] Still [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Whereas75. [A] before [B] ago [C] later [D] lately76. [A] share [B] enjoy [C] divide [D] consent77. [A] person [B] people [C] character [D] man78. [A] would [B] will [C] could [D] can79. [A] questioned [B] interviewed [C] inquired [D] interrogate80. [A] in [B] up [C] on [D] off81. [A] admiration [B] initiative [C] necessity [D] obligation82. [A] cause [B] enable [C] make [D] get83. [A] someone [B] anyone [C] everyone [D] anybody84. [A] elderly [B] dependent [C] dependable [D] independent85. [A] similarly [B] differently [C] mutually [D] certainly86. [A] involved [B] excluded [C] included [D] consideredPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. ________________________ (幸亏遇到一位好心的出租车司机), Amy arrived at the test room in time.88. ________________________ (这是一个生死攸关的问题) and therefore we must pay more attention to it.89. The problem of internet crime ________________________ (近些年来引起了广泛关注).90. The computer isn't working properly; ________________________ (肯定有什么地方出了毛病).91. ________________________ (应当注意的是) that pollution has become one of the thorniest problems in many big cities.Part I WritingThe Importance of Keeping A Good MoodIn today's increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation upon which our life is built.Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through making mistakes can a learner be expected to make progress. Sometimes one may come down with a serious cold, feeling depressed. But a change in attitude will enable us to look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.As we can see, keeping a good mood can help us to deal with mistakes in the right way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. Y 通读全文后，即可发现本文描写了新奥尔良被“卡特利娜”飓风袭击后的景象，可知题干表述正确。