虚拟语气的特殊用法学案

虚拟语气的特殊用法

一、混合式虚拟语气

条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。

使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇（如now, yesterday 等）来确定是与哪种事实相反，然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。

If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

如果你昨天对他讲的话，你现在就知道怎么做了。

If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.

如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.

假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。

二、含蓄条件句

含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

1.介词或介词短语，如but for(要不是……), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions（在更有利的条件下）等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。

Without air, there would be no life on the earth.

要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。

He would have failed but for.his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话，他可能失败了。

We could have done the work better in that case.

要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。

We could have done better under more favourable conditions.

在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。

2. 用but that+从句（要不是，若非），otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。

But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn’t have believed it.

要不是亲眼所见，她不可能相信这事的。（从句用陈述语气，主句用虚拟语气）

He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了，可他有个重要的会议要参加。（主句用虚拟语气，分句用陈述语气）

I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party.

（本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.）（如果那天我没生病的话）我那天生病了，否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。

1. If you _____________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _____________(be) better now.

2. If his TV set _____________(steal) yesterday, he _____________ (watch) TV now.

3. Without sunlight, people’s life _____________(be) different from today.

4. But for your help, I _____________(not finish) the work last week.

=_____________ your help, I _____________ (not finish) the work last week.

=If it________________ your help, I _____________ (not finish) the work last week.

=______ it _____ ______ ______ your help, I _____________(not finish) the work last week.

=If you _____________(not help) me, I _____________(not finish) the work last week.

5. He was busy, otherwise he _____________(come).

=He _____________ (come), but he was busy.

=He _____________ (come) if he _____________(be) busy.

三、（should)+动词原形”式虚拟语气

1. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important… + that sb (should) +do

使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用should+动词原形虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形

常用的形容词有：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的), strange（奇怪的）desirable（令人向往的、满意的），essential（必要的），necessary (必要的）possible（可能的），preferable (更可取的),，important (重要的), urgent (急迫的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) imperative(必要的，重要的，必须的)。

It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。

It is natural that a bird (should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。

It is necessary that everyone (should) be there in time. 每个人都必须及时到那儿。

It is important that we (should) pay more attention to our handwriting.

我们要多注意我们的书写是很重要的

注意：在上述所列形容词做宾语补足语时，后面用that引出的真正的宾语从句中谓语动词也要用（should）＋动词原形虚拟语气。

I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience．

汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

2. 表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词如：一个坚持：insist 两个命令: order, command 三个建议: advise, suggest, propose 四个要求: demand , require, request, ask, 外加desire, urge, recommend. argue, arrange ,prefer等动词后的

①宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语用(should)+动词原形

②这些动词的过去分词所在的主语从句的谓语也用(should)+动词原形

③上述动词的名词形式后所接的表语从句，同位语从句的谓语也使用此类虚拟语气。名词有：advice, suggestion, order, demand, requirement, recommendation, desire, proposal ( 建议)，等。

以suggest为例:

①My parents suggests I (should) get up earlier.