最全的非谓语动词知识点总结

动词不定式和动名词作主语

一,作主语

⒈不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:

(1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:

①It+be+名词+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb + some time +to do

How long did it take you to finish the work

③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.

④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do

It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.

⒉动名词作主语

(1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如:

Learning without practice is no good.

动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:

①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…

It's no good reading in dim light.

It's no use sitting here waiting.

②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如: It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.

不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较

1、不定式和动名词作表语相当于名词作表语，表示主语的内容，主语和表语可以对调；1）动词不定式通常表示将来某一次，而动名词则表示经常性发生的动作。

My job is teaching / to teach English. (作表语的teaching / to teach English是my job的具体内容，可说成Teaching / To teach English is my job. )

2）动词不定式作表语，to的省略问题，动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实意动词do,则后面的动词不定式to要省略。

(2)动名词作表语和现在进行时态的区别，动名词作表语表示主语的职责和功能。现在进行时表示动作正在进行。

My job is looking after the children.

He is looking for the the child.

3、分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，主语和表语不可对调；现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的性质特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。其中过去分词作表语要区别被动语态，主系表结构中分词作表语表状态，被动语态中则表示动作。

The movie is exciting. (exciting是主语the movie是性质特征。)

They are excited at the news. (excited表示they现在所处的状态）

一、不定式作定语

二、分词作定语

三、不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

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1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系，若不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，则用主动表示被动。反之，使用动词不定式的被动。

Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去，但若修饰place, way, time则可以省略。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。

There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。

4）同位关系

不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：

We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。

5）状语关系

被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。

I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。

1）不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：