英语专业英译汉
专业英语英汉互译
1．aspheric polishing machine 非球面抛光机2．burning glass 火石玻璃3．chromatic dispersion 色散4．double frequency 倍频5．electrographic image tube 电子显像管6．In modern physics, light is considered to be a kind of matter with wave-particle duality, namely it has the characteristics of both the waves and the corpuscles. Under certain circumstance, one group of characteristics is more apparent than the other. Except for the cases to study the interaction between light and substance when the corpuscular characteristic of the light must be taken into account, light can generally be considered as electromagnetic waves, which are called light waves.b5E2RGbCAP现代物理学认为,光是一种具有波粒二象性地物质,即光既具有波动性,又具有粒子性.在一定地条件下,某一种性质显得更为突出.一般来说,除了研究光和物质作用地情况下,必须考虑光地粒子性之外,可以把光看做电磁波,即称为光波.p1EanqFDPw7．In fact, any optical systems can not image ideally. There are always some remnant aberrations in an optical system. We shall measure the aberrations by the amount bywhich rays miss the paraxial image point. Now the question for us is what types of aberrations we should choose as the quality of the optical system. In general, there aretwo types of aberrations. The first type of aberrations are suitable for the measurement of an optical instrument which is already produced. The second type of aberrations are suitable for the design stage.DXDiTa9E3d事实上,任何一个实际地光学系统都不能理想成像.在光学系统中总是有残余像差.我们应该通过测量实际像与近轴理想像之间地差异,给出定量地像差.由于一个光学系统不可能理想成像,因此就存在一个光学系统质量优劣地评价问题.成像质量评价地方法分为两大类.第一类用在光学系统实际制造完成以后对其进行实际测量.第二类用于在光学系统还没有制造出来,即在设计阶段通过计算就能评定系统地质量.RTCrpUDGiT8．The immense semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing industry is powered by optics, optical systems, and optical materials. A modern electronic integrated circuit is a complex three-dimensional structure of althernating patterned layers of conductors, dielectric, and semiconductor films. This structure is fabricated on an ultrahigh-purity water substrate of a semiconducting material such as silicon or gallium arsenide. The speed anddensity of the devices is, to a large degree, governed by the size of the individual circuit elements. As a general rule, the smaller the elements are, the faster is the device and the more functions or operations it can perform per chip.5PCzVD7HxA光学、光学系统及光学材料使庞大地半导体集成电路制造工业加强了力量.现代地电子集成电路是由不同图形地导体、介质及半导体膜层构成复杂地三维结构.此结构是在极纯净地诸如硅或砷化镓半导体衬底下支制成地.器件地速度和密度在很大程度上取决于个别电路元件地尺寸.一般来说,个别地元件越小,器件地速度就越快,每块片子能完成地功能越多.jLBHrnAILg1．半导体激光器semiconductor laser2．枕形畸变cushion distortion/ pillow-shaped distortion/ pincushionxHAQX74J0X3．光束孔径角 beam angle/ beam aperture angleLDAYtRyKfE4．齐明双胶合透镜 aplanatic doublet5．电荷耦合器件 Charge Couple Device6．光电集成电路 opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC> Zzz6ZB2Ltk7．人们在研究光地各种传播现象地基础上设计和制造了适应于各种目地地各类光学仪器,例如,利用显微镜帮助我们观察细小地物体,利用望远镜观察远距离地物体等.所有地光学仪器都是应用不同形状和材质<玻璃、晶体等）地光学零件——如反射镜、透镜和棱镜组合而成.把这些光学零件按一定方式组合起来,使由物体发出地光线,经过这些光学零件地折射、反射以后,按照我们地需要改变光线地传播方向,从而满足移动地使用要求.这样地光学零件地组合称为“光学系统”.dvzfvkwMI1All kinds of optical instruments are designed and manufactured for various purpose on the basis of the study different phenomena of light propagation.For example, microscope are devoloped to help us observe tiny objects, and telescope are used to observe objects that are far away. All these optical instruments are composed of optical elements of different shapes and different materials (glasses and crystals, etc.>such as mirrors, lenses, and prisms. The elements are combined in a certain way to change the directions of rays from the object by refractions and reflections in order to meet requirements of a specific application. Such a combination of optical elements is called optical system.rqyn14ZNXI几何光学基本定律几何光学把光看作是具有方向地几何线——“光线”,从而进行光地传播问题地研究.因此,我们必须首先找出这些光线地传播规律.自然界中光地传播现象虽然说是千变万化,但是,如果用几何光学地观点来看,实际上可以归纳为以下两种情况.EmxvxOtOcoIn geometrical optics, the problems of light propagation are studied by means of rays, which represent the light as directed geometrical lines. For this purpose, the laws governing the propagation of rays must be established first. Although there are various phenomena of light propagation in the nature, however, from the viewpoint of geometrical optics, they can be classified into the following two circumstances.SixE2yXPq51.光线在均匀介质中地传播规律——直线传播定律：光线在透明均匀介质中地传播.2.光线在两种均匀介质分界面上地传播规律——反射定律和折射定律.1.The law of rays propagating in a homogeneous and transparent medium —the law of rectilinear propagation: rays propagate along straight lines in a homogeneous and transparent medium. 6ewMyirQFL2.The laws for rays propagating at the interface of two homogeneous media —the law of reflection and the law of refraction.kavU42VRUs反射和折射定律可以分别表述如下：Now the laws of reflection and refraction can be described as follows:y6v3ALoS89反射定律：反射光线位于入射面内；反射角等于入射角.The law of reflection: the reflected ray lies in the plane of incidence. M2ub6vSTnP折射定律：折射光线位于入射面内；入射角和折射角正弦之比,对两种一定地介质来说,是一个和入射角无关地常数.0YujCfmUCwThe law of refraction: the refracted ray lies in the plane of incidence. For a certain pair of media, the ratio between the sine of the angle of incidence and that of the angle of refraction in a constant regardless of the value of the incident angle.eUts8ZQVRd至于光在不均匀介质中地传播规律,可以把不均匀介质看作是由无限多地均匀介质组合而成地.光线在不均匀介质中地传播,可以看作是一个连续地折射,随着介质性质地不同,光线传播曲线地形状各异,它地传播规律,同样可以用折射定律来说明.sQsAEJkW5TIn order to study light propagation in an inhomogeneous media, the inhomogeneous media can be considered as being composed of an infinite number of homogeneous media, and a ray traveling through it is refracted continuously. Media with different character can generate different curved raypaths, but they all are explained by the law of refraction.GMsIasNXkA由此可见,直线传播定律、反射定律和折射定律能够说明自然界中光线地各种传播现象,它们是几何光学中仅有地物理定律.因此成为几何光学基本定律.几何光学地全部内容,就是在这三个定律地基础上用数学方法研究光地传播问题.TIrRGchYzgIt is clear that the laws of rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction can be used to explain various phenomena of ray propagation in the nature. They are the important laws of physics in geometrical optics。
英语专业综合教程4课后习题解释句子&英译汉
Unit 6
1. July4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease aboutthe great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and isprompted to fill the gaps.
P: The human imagination hadbeen exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failedto reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki.
5. Weseem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruinedNagasaki.
2. Thatabsence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter.
P: That vanished city ratherthan its remains represents the true measure of the event.
英语专业术语翻译
中国译协中译英最新发布,各类专业术语直译1.科学发展观 the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观 call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观 new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观 foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观 new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译 let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译 draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作 cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factorsintermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化 promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works 8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。
英语专业八级历年英译汉汇总
1.2005年3月
PartⅠ
1. Despite the fact that the situation in the Middle East appears grim, I am still convinced that peace is within reach.
尽管中东局势看来十分糟糕，但我仍然坚信，和平是可以达到的。
2. The adoption of a new technology can bring about revolutionary changes in the way we do things.
采用新技术可以在我们做事的方式上带来革命性的变化。
3. In a world of ever-increasing interdependence, countries should work together to tackle global problems that no one country can solve alone.
在一个日益相互依存的世界里，国家应该携手合作解决一些国家无法独自解决的全球性问题。
4. Far from providing a cure-all, the new measure is likely to have limited effect in solving the issue.
这项新的措施并不能治愈一切，而在解决这个问题时有可能产生有限的效果。
我们有必要为我们造成的环境灾难承担责任，并采取有效措施扭转这一趋势。
Part II。
2001英语专业考研英汉互译
Translate the following into English(50%)（注意“.”是代表“顿号”）（1）中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。
中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。
（2）一八四零年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地.半封建的国家。
中国人民为国家独立.民族解放和民族自由进行了前扑后继的英勇奋斗。
（3）二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。
（4）一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。
但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。
（5）一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推倒了帝国主义.封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。
从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权利，成为国家的主人。
（6）中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。
生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消失，社会主义制度已经确立。
工人阶级领导的.以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。
中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义.霸权主义的侵略.破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。
经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的.比较完善的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。
教育.科学.文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成就。
广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。
（7）中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。
今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。
中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想指引下，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业.农业.国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明.高度民主的社会主义国家。
(完整word版)英语专业综合英语1翻译句子
综英翻译UNIT71) 我爬上峭壁，以便饱览大海的景色。
(scramble)I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2) 他向窃贼猛扑过去，为夺取武器与之争斗。
(lunge)He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3) 我认为我国国民经济将继续快速增长。
(figure)I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4) 董事长力图让股东们放心，公司业绩不佳的情况不会再发生。
(reassure)The president (chairman) made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad results would never occur again (would not be repeated).5) 别像个孩子似的，要控制住你自己。
(pull oneself together)Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together.6) 他是个非常隐秘的人，从不向任何人透露自己的秘密。
(confide in)Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7)我们憎恨恐怖分子对普通人不加区别的施暴行为。
(indiscriminate)We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8) 这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到惊慌。
(alarm)Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9) 我们预料敌人可能设法过河，所以我们把桥摧毁了。
英语专业学生英译汉赏析
英语专业学生英译汉赏析作者：麦凯婷来源：《文教资料》2019年第16期摘 ; ;要：英语文学翻译是英语翻译教学的重要内容。
本研究以英汉语言的差异为理论基础，以英语专业本科大三学生的笔译课作业为数据，在通读小说原文和了解作者信息的基础上，分析翻译初学者在文学类文本英译汉过程中常见的错误类型，提出改进高校英语翻译教学的建议，提高学生译文质量。
关键词：英译汉 ; ;英语专业学生 ; ;翻译赏析1.小说与作者简介The Crossover：A Novel（下文简称The Crossover）是2014年在美国出版的一本儿童小说，作者是美国黑人作家夸迈·亚历山大（Kwame Alexander）。
夸迈·亚历山大（下文简称夸迈）是一位非裔美国诗人、教育家，是《纽约时报》32本畅销书的作者。
他曾就读于弗吉尼亚理工大学（Virginia Tech），现居弗吉尼亚州的莱斯顿市（Reston）。
夸迈身高1米96，热爱打篮球。
在兰彻·威尔帝（Rancho Verde）高中上学时，曾带领学校篮球队获得全联盟最佳阵容的称号。
升入大学后，他在篮球方面的表现依旧引人注目，曾在美国娱乐体育节目电视网（ESPN）2011年—2012年的前十场比赛中获得过全国最高的成绩①。
夸迈的许多小说都与篮球有关，包括Booked， Rebounded及The Crossover.The Crossover中文译名为《乔希的球场》，英文书名字面意义指篮球术语“变向运球过人”。
本书的主人公是一对12岁的非裔美国双胞胎兄弟，名叫乔希（Josh）和乔丹（Jordan）。
他们的父亲视篮球为生命，是因伤退役的前球场“大神”，闪电步是他最出名的绝技②。
在老爸的熏陶下，兄弟俩三岁能投篮，乔希12岁即能灌篮，兄弟俩都是学校篮球队里的风云人物。
小说中，两兄弟正处于成长关键期，面临着青春期要克服的种种问题和困难。
他们逐渐意识到除了球技之外，生活中还有很多东西需要适应和学习③。
英语专业英译汉课件
Chinese-English Translation CourseUnit OneError Analysis:Part One On the test paperI. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic .1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence.译文A: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却充满了令人震耳欲聋的沉寂。
译文B: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却十分安静。
2. There are few of us but admire his courage.译文A: 我们人人都佩服他的勇气。
译文B: 我们中很少有人佩服他的勇气。
3. All cities did not look like as they do today.译文A: 在过去，城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。
译文B: 过去，城市面貌与现在完全不同。
4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake.译文A: 不满足自己感情上的需要是一种错误。
译文B: 使自己的感情挨饥受饿是一种错误。
5.The boss‘s girl Friday called me.译文A: 老板的女儿星期五打电话给我了。
译文B: 老板的女秘书打电话给我了6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns.译文A: 婚姻总是有苦有甜。
译文B: 婚姻的花坛里既长鲜花也生荆棘。
7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there.译文A: 每当我走过那所幼儿园，我就回想起在那里度过的幸福童年。
译文B: 尽管我从未经过那所幼儿园，但是我回想起在那里度过的幸福童年8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud of birds hung screaming and circling in the air.译文A: 很快就有一块乌云似的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。
专业英语汉译英
碳：carbon 氢：hydrogen氧：oxygen氮: azote铜： cuprum铁：iron铝：aluminum银：silver阴离子:anionic阳离子：cationic氢离子：hydrogen ion 硫酸：sulphate氯化氢：hydrogen chloride硝酸：Nitric acid氢氧化钠：Sodium hydroxide硫酸铜：Copper sulfate碳酸钾：Potassium carbonate过氧化氢：Hydrogen peroxide氰化钾：Potassium cyanide 碳酸氢铵：Ammonium bicarbonate硫化钠：Sodium sulfide氯化铵：ammonium chloride二氧化碳：Carbon dioxide三氧化二铁：Ferric oxide次氯酸钠：Sodium hypochlorite碱式碳酸铜：The alkali type copper carbonate甲烷：methane环己烷：cyclohexane异丙基：isopropyl丁烯：butene2-庚烯-5-炔：2 - heptene - 5 - acetylene对二甲苯：paraxylene甲醇：methanol 巯基乙醇：mercaptoethanol乙酸：Acetic acid乙酸乙酯：Ethyl acetate乙醚:ether 乙腈：acetonitrile正丁胺：N-butyl amine丙酮：acetone二氯甲烷：Methylene chlorideN，N-二甲基亚砜：N, N dimethyl sulfoxideN,N-二甲基甲酰胺：N, N - dimethyl formamide试管：In vitro漏斗：funnel烧杯：A beaker烧瓶：A flask原子结构：Atomic structure共价键：Covalent bond同位素：isotope质量数：Mass number化学方程式：The chemical equation合成：synthetic半衰期：The half-life通风厨：Ventilated kitchen反应物：The reactants百分收率：The percentage yield无机化学：Inorganic chemistry结构式：structured分子轨道：Analysis of track分析化学：In analytical chemistry滴定法：titration溶解性：solubility有机化学：Organic chemistry催化剂：catalyst卤素：halogen物理化学：Physical and chemical3.576（科学计数）：3.576 count (science)晶体：crystal聚合物：polymer。
英语专业考研汉英翻译高分特训100篇(汉译英技巧指南)
第1章汉译英技巧指南英汉两种语言属不同语系，经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
因此，对比英汉两种语言的异同，从而掌握它们的特点，对做好英汉互译是十分重要的。
英汉翻译的翻译理论、方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。
在具体介绍英汉翻译技巧之前，本部分将对英汉两种语言进行宏观上的对比，以助于译者掌握两种语言的特点，并在翻译时自觉运用这些特点，译出更符合目标语的译文。
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义英语造句常用各种形式和手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显意。
句子以形寓意，以法摄神，因而严密规范，采用的是焦点句法。
与英语造句手段不同，汉语造句注重隐形连贯，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，注重意念连贯，不求结构齐整。
句子以意役形，以神统法，因而流泻铺排，采用的是散点句法。
汉语很少用甚至不用形式连接手段，词语之间的关系常在不言之中，语法意义和逻辑关系常隐含在字里行间。
英译汉时，往往要先分析句子的结构、形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义；汉译英时，则要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式，这样才能使译文通顺、流畅。
二、英语是综合语，汉语是分析语英语是综合性语言，它主要通过本身的形态变化（如数、时、格等）来表达其语言意义。
如表示不同时态时，规则动词的过去式和过去分词，在动词原形后加-ed，不规则动词的过去式和过去分词都各有不同变化。
汉语是分析性语言，它的语法关系和句法关系主要不是通过词语本身来体现，而是通过虚词、词序等手段表示出来的。
比如，单看“工作”这个词，很难判断其词性，但如果说“努力工作（work hard），找工作（to find jobs）”，就很容易看出来了。
三、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。
例如：The visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought, to see for myself the achievement of the Chinese people.这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就，这是我向往已久的。
英语专业--短文翻译讲解
汉译英
• 徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几 乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不 盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究 的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为 了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船 ，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为 了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰 险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发 现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时 间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察 变换的奇景。
• 为了: in order to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to
• 细致的：careful, delicate, detailed • 乘车坐船：“乘坐”应使用一个词 by carriage
• 他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的 地方。
• 前人：predecessor; forefathers; others • 前人栽树，后人乘凉。 One man sows and
another reaps.
• 记载：record; put down in writing; document; notes
• 遍及 spread all over
• 译文1：During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.
• 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次 重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景 。
• 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游 各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
专业英语八级英译汉(散文类)强化练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级英译汉（散文类）强化练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. I’m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.正确答案：只有在我过于劳累的时候，在我长时间不间断工作的时候，或是在我感到内心空虚、需要充实的时候，我才会感到孤独。
专业英语第一章(英译汉+汉译英)
第一单元（HB纯手工出版）(1-1)Many of the products and services in modern society are based upon the work of electrical engineers and computer scientists. The tremendous reduction over the last decade in the cost of digital electronic devices has led to an explosive growth in the use of computers and computation. At the same time, our increased understanding of computer science has made possible the development of new software systems of increased power, sophistication, and flexibility.现代社会的许多产品和服务都是以电气工程师和计算机科学家的工作为基础的。
在过去的十年里，数字电子设备成本的大幅降低导致了计算机和计算的爆炸性增长。
与此同时，我们对计算机科学的理解不断加深，使得开发更强大、更复杂、更灵活的新软件系统成为可能。
(1-2) In November 1971，Intel introduced the world's first commercial microprocessor, the4004，invented by three Intel engineers. Primitive by today' s standards, it contained a mere 2, 300 transistors and performed about 60, 000 calculations in a second. Today, the microprocessor is the most complex mass- produced product ever, with millions of transistors performing hundreds of millions of calculations each second.1971年11月，英特尔公司推出了世界上第一台商用微处理器,代号4004，由三位因特尔工程师发明。
英语专业八级测试汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解
原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（2004真题）
译文：You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.
（2）动词→介词
例：
原文：这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（2002真题）
译文：Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.
分析：应准确把握“转移”这个词在这里的确切含义，切忌望文生义。
（2）表意模糊的词
有些汉语词语比较笼统，表意模糊，译成英语时应突破汉语重直觉、重表象的思维模式，寻求词语的确切含义。
例1：
原文：昨天看电影我没有买到好票。
译文：I did not buy a good seat for yesterday’s film.
英语专业八级测试
汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解
（一）词的翻译1、词义选择 Nhomakorabea所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们去选，把其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语概念和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取概念，舍形式。越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处语境、词的褒贬和色彩进行翻译。
例3：
原文：用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。
例2：
原文：他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。
译文：He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger.
2000年-2015年英语专业八级翻译(英译汉)
2015英译汉At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.参考译文：心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。
专业学位通用英语教程汉译英参考译文
Unit 0neIn the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers, and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatic from farms to cities, from fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public services. In today’s economy these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods.Unit TwoPsychotherapists warn that people are now spending up to one quarter of their waking lives either talking or texting on the telephone or e-mailing, at the expense of face-to-face conversation. Amongst the most extreme cases were a teenage boy who spent 6,000 pounds compulsively texting people he didn’t even know and a married couple who could only communicate by text message, even when they were sitting side by side. “The concern is that too much ‘techno talk’ makes us uncomfortablewith more intimate face-to-face conversations and means we stop communicating effectively with each other,” psychologist David Lewis said.Unit ThreeThere is no question that today e are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit FourYour partners should be a person who likes you and is interested in you, and therefore pays close attention to you. Attention is a matter of listening, asking and confirming understanding. Through your partners attention you are confirmed in your personality and you acquire the self-esteem that equips you to deal with the rest of the world. Your interaction with your partner should give you new insights that strengthenyour self-knowledge, and provide confirmation that you are a worthwhile person.The dialogue between partners builds people. It is an active process, and without it your relationship would just tread water, or sink, and your personality would be dull. The potential for mutual discovery and self-development is a rich sea running through every long-term relationship. It holds both sustenance and excitement, the ingredients for committed and erotic love.Unit FiveMore than most people, scientists pursue their calling for its own sake. The public acknowledge for a lifetime dedicated to research may be a footnote in a scientific journal. But for those who change the face of science through their work, they are the Noble laureates. The Noble prizes are not only prestigious but carry an award that may go as high as $124,000. So meticulous is the selection process that scientists have seldom disagreed over the choice of the more than 200 who have been picked since 1901. Noble once pointed out “Don’t take the nationality of those candidates into consideration.” The winners “should be those who have brought the human being the greatest benefit.”Unit SixWhat do you do when someone says something unfair or unkind? Do you suffer in silence, not knowing what to say? Do you speak up, not to wish you hadn’t? It’s natural to take offense if someone is rude. But blurring out how you feel sets an adversarial words.In almost every controversy each side has legitimate points, so agreeing to disagree is one of graceful exits from a no-win discussion. If it’s obvious that you won’t change the other person’s mind and he or she won’t change yours, stop. Before you do irreparable harm, remember the Russian proverb: “A spoken word flies; you won’t catch it.”No matter what the situation is, arguments are a waste or, at best, a misuse of time. By avoiding fruitless arguments, everybody wins.Unit SevenChildren who cannot solve problems without violence are likely to drop out of school, do drugs, become isolated and are likely to have problematic interpersonal skills as an adult. Further there is a correlation between family violence and the incidence of adolescent dating violence that will possibly lead to domestic violence in adulthood. Hence the patterns of violence continue from one generation to the next. Children who are exposed to adults who cope with problems by becoming violent destroy themselves and those they love.Unit EightEvery year 80,000 Chinese die from antibiotics abuse, making China one of the worst offenders in the world. Statistics show that among the country’s15 best-selling medicines, 10 are antibiotics. More than 50 per cent of the medical expenses for Chinese in-patients goes to cover different kinds of antibiotic, while the figure I Western countries is just 15 to 30 per cent.The side effects of antibiotics use can damage organs, cause disorders in the body’s normal bacteria and increase the resistance of disease causing germs. Many Chinese believe the myth that antibiotics can diminish inflammation, so they use them to treat toothache to fever. A story from the Xinhua News Agency said that more than 80 per cent of Chinese families have antibiotics stored on shelves at home in case of different kinds of infections.Children have become the biggest victims of antibiotics abuse where the drug kills normal bacterial leading to damage of children’s still growing organs. Statistics in Guangzhou showed that some 17 per cent of local residents now suffer from antibiotics-resistant disease while the figure was 50 per cent for children, according to data from the local children’s hospital. The marked increase of asthma in children recently has a lot to do with antibiotic abuse..Unit NineIn a hundred years’ time, great progress will have been made in medicine, too. In a hundred years’ time, a cure for the common cold will have been found. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible f all diseases---cancer and AIDS.Now let’s think about the environment. Pollution is a problem we must solve. In a hundred years’ time we will have controlled all kinds of pollution, water pollution, air pollution, white pollution, what not?In a hundred years’ time, we will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, so we will build floating cities. The Japanese already have plans for cities of this kind. And we will build cities under the sea.Many people didn’t think about the future. When you mention it they say, “I don’t care. I’ll be dead.”B ut it is our duty to care because the world in a hundred years will be the world of our children’s children and their children after them.Unit TenAlthough the United Stateshas been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigrants as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. Despite such tensions, economic needs havealways forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers and settlers, and economic opportunities have beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of immigrants to the United States have become in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than 10 per cent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons. Regardless of the reasons they come to the United States, new immigrants typically work in menial, labor-intensive, low-paying, and dangerous jobs---occupations that most other Americans shun.Unit ElevenMany critics question the appropriateness of targeting children in Internet advertising and press to require that children be treated as a “special case”by advertisers. Because the children lack the analytical abilities and judgment of adults, they may be unable to evaluate the accuracy of the information they view, or understand that the information they provide to advertisers is really just the data collected by an advertiser. Children generally lack the ability to give consent to the release of personal information to an advertiser, an even greater problem for children when they are offered incentives for providing personal information, or when personal information is required before they are allowed to register for various services. Children may not realize that in many cases these characters provide hotlinks directly to advertising sitesUnit TwelveTelevision news reports and programs bring about both positive and negative influence. From the news reports, people get to know the great events that have happened, and are happening or will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famines in Africa. As a result they broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. Violence and drug problems are harmful to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions and illegal financial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things go worse especially when international audiences lack context and frame of reference.。
英语专业八级翻译tem
汉译英教学大纲要求
1.能翻译相当于我国《人民日报》上的各种文章
2.题材包括： 1)日常生活记叙 2) 一 般政治、经济、文化方面的文章 3）文学作品
3.翻译速度为每小时250一300汉字
汉译英八级考试要求
1. 能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志 上的论述文和国情介绍．以及一般文学作品的节录。 2. 翻译速度为每小时250一300词。
英语专业八级翻译指南
A Guide to the Translation in TEM8
英语专业八级考试的汉泽英部分要求考生翻译我 国报纸杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文 学作品的节录。英译汉部分要求考生翻译英美报 刊上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述 文以及文学作品的节录。
历年八级考试翻译中英译汉部分的原文多为报刊 时事文章，以及论述英语国家文化、社会的文章， 真正的文学作品节录很少；汉译英部分的原文多为 介绍性的文字，记叙文、论述文不多，真正的中国 文学作品节录也较少。不论是汉译英，还是英译汉 原文长度仅有一、二百词(字)，且不涉及任何专业 知识，比较适合检验考生的双语转换能力。
英语的问题当然更为突出地表现在汉译英表达上。 英语是我们的外语，汉译英表达上的问题在多数考生 的译文中都比较突出。常出现的问题包括同义词辨析、 拼写、时态、性、数、词性、虚拟语气、重要句型等、 最明显的问题就是逐字死译，文体混乱，用词、搭配 错误等。考生在英语表达上所出现的错误或不妥可谓 五花八门，下面的几段译文可以让我们有个大致的认 识：有考生将1995年汉译英原文中的“但是一部小说 开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不 在题材大小”。译为Whether a novel is dug deep or not or whether it surpasses in art of idea does not lie in the size / big or small of the subject .
2021年英语考研英语专业考研汉英翻译复习技巧与资料
2021年英语考研英语专业考研汉英翻译复习技巧与资料第1章汉译英技巧指南英汉语言对比英汉两种语言属不同语系，经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
因此，对比英汉两种语言的异同，从而掌握它们的特点，对做好英汉互译是十分重要的。
英汉翻译的翻译理论、方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。
在具体介绍英汉翻译技巧之前，本部分将对英汉两种语言进行宏观上的对比，以助于译者掌握两种语言的特点，并在翻译时自觉运用这些特点，译出更符合目标语的译文。
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义英语造句常用各种形式和手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显意。
句子以形寓意，以法摄神，因而严密规范，采用的是焦点句法。
与英语造句手段不同，汉语造句注重隐形连贯，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，注重意念连贯，不求结构齐整。
句子以意役形，以神统法，因而流泻铺排，采用的是散点句法。
汉语很少用甚至不用形式连接手段，词语之间的关系常在不言之中，语法意义和逻辑关系常隐含在字里行间。
英译汉时，往往要先分析句子的结构、形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义；汉译英时，则要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式，这样才能使译文通顺、流畅。
二、英语是综合语，汉语是分析语英语是综合性语言，它主要通过本身的形态变化（如数、时、格等）来表达其语言意义。
如表示不同时态时，规则动词的过去式和过去分词，在动词原形后加-ed，不规则动词的过去式和过去分词都各有不同变化。
汉语是分析性语言，它的语法关系和句法关系主要不是通过词语本身来体现，而是通过虚词、词序等手段表示出来的。
比如，单看“工作”这个词，很难判断其词性，但如果说“努力工作（work hard），找工作（to find jobs）”，就很容易看出来了。
三、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。
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Chinese-English Translation CourseUnit OneError Analysis:Part One On the test paperI. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic .1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence.译文A: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却充满了令人震耳欲聋的沉寂。
译文B: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却十分安静。
2. There are few of us but admire his courage.译文A: 我们人人都佩服他的勇气。
译文B: 我们中很少有人佩服他的勇气。
3. All cities did not look like as they do today.译文A: 在过去，城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。
译文B: 过去，城市面貌与现在完全不同。
4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake.译文A: 不满足自己感情上的需要是一种错误。
译文B: 使自己的感情挨饥受饿是一种错误。
5.The boss’s girl Friday called me.译文A: 老板的女儿星期五打电话给我了。
译文B: 老板的女秘书打电话给我了6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns.译文A: 婚姻总是有苦有甜。
译文B: 婚姻的花坛里既长鲜花也生荆棘。
7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there.译文A: 每当我走过那所幼儿园，我就回想起在那里度过的幸福童年。
译文B: 尽管我从未经过那所幼儿园，但是我回想起在那里度过的幸福童年8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud of birds hung screaming and circling in the air.译文A: 很快就有一块乌云似的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。
译文B: 很快就有黑压压的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。
9. SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated.译文A: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着被监禁者。
译文B: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着犯人。
10. Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself.译文A: 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的未来。
译文B: 我们浪漫的小朋友憧憬着美好的未来。
II. Improve the Chinese version.1. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.译文：他又皱又黑，头发灰白稀疏。
2. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place.译文：华尔街是个狗咬狗的地方。
3. All freely falling bodies descend from the same height in equal time.译文：一切自由降落的物体，从同样的高度，以相等的时间下降。
4. Why waste breath on them, who have turned such an unwilling ear?译文：为什么对他们浪费口舌呢？他们又不愿意听。
5. We have plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists — and dust.译文：跟我们做伴的人真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的——一路尘土飞扬。
6. His speech leaves no room to improvement.译文：他的演讲没有改进的余地。
7. He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother.译文：他并不是很鲜明地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。
8. Casualties were taken to several hospitals in southwestern Georgia, some of which operated on backup generators.译文：伤亡人员被送往佐治亚州西南部的几所医院里，其中一些伤者在备用发电机的帮助下动了手术。
9. To cure his patients, he relied on a palette of remedies that included modern science, folk medicine and plain common sense.译文：为了治疗患者，他运用了调色板方法，其中包括现代科技、民间药物和自己的直觉。
10. Struggle and submission are before the colonial people; this leads to slavery, that to freedom.译文：殖民地人民面临着两条道路：斗争和屈服。
前者导致奴役，后者通往自由。
III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. All the time spent online has left many young infotech workers without much time for life offline.2. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.3. Nowhere has the impact of family breakup been more profound than in our school. Principals report a dramatic rise in the aggressive, acting-out behavior characteristic of children living in single-parent families.4. Books are of the people, by the people, for the people. To some extent, book-friends have some advantages over living friends.5. This victory means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.6. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.7. The book describes the march of civilization from ancient Egyptian times to the present.8. It was diamond cut diamond when the two men met because they were both so sure their own ideas were right.9. She is always finding excuse for her failure by saying that I can’t make bricks without straw; in fact, carelessness is he r heel of Achilles.10. Mr. White is a very white man. He has been feeling blue today. When I saw him, he was in a brown mood. I hope he'll soon be in the pink again.IV. Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isn’t nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save.在线报纸是对未来的一种窥视。
只需沉思片刻你就能提出这样一个问题：每天蜷缩在舒适的椅子上，顺手用圆珠笔将你所关心的内容圈划下来，或用剪刀将你想保存的文章剪下来，这样是不是更好一些？The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet.与美国相比，世界其他地方进入电子空间的速度较慢，而在发展中国家，因特网几乎还根本没能渗入进去。