with独立主格结构

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with独立主格用法

with独立主格用法

“with”独立主格用法是英语语法中一种独特且富有表现力的结构,它允许我们在一个句子中表达两个相关但逻辑上独立的思想。

这种结构在语法上被称为“独立主格”,是因为它包含一个名词或代词(称为主格),后面跟随一个描述或说明这个名词或代词的短语或子句。

“with”独立主格的基本结构是“with + 主格 + -ing/-ed/-to do等形式”,其中主格通常是名词或代词,表示某人或某物,而-ing/-ed/-to do等形式则描述主格的状态、动作或即将发生的动作。

这种结构可以用来表示原因、伴随情况、方式、条件等。

首先,“with”独立主格可以用来表示原因。

例如,“With the weather being so hot,we decided to stay at home。

”(天气这么热,我们决定呆在家里。

)在这个句子中,“with”引导的独立主格“the weather being so hot”表示了“stay at home”的原因。

其次,“with”独立主格也可以用来表示伴随情况。

例如,“She walked into the room,with her nose red from the cold。

”(她走进了房间,鼻子冻得通红。

)在这个句子中,“with”引导的独立主格“her nose red from the cold”描述了“walked into the room”的伴随情况。

再者,“with”独立主格可以用来表示方式或条件。

例如,“With more time,I could have done it better。

”(如果有更多的时间,我可能会做得更好。

)在这个句子中,“with”引导的独立主格“more time”表示了一种条件,而“I could have done it better”则是基于这个条件的结果。

总的来说,“with”独立主格是一种富有表现力的语法结构,它使我们能够在一个句子中表达两个相关但逻辑上独立的思想,从而丰富我们的语言表达。

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。

多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。

众所周知,with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。

现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。

一、句法结构【结构一】with +名词(代词)+介词短语【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。

The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。

Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。

【结构二】with +名词(代词)+形容词【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。

He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。

【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。

With 独立主格结构

With 独立主格结构

With 独立主格结构在高中英语学习中,with的独立主格结构,也称作with的复合结构,经常出现,学生对它的使用难以掌握。

它是由with+宾语+宾补(宾补通常是非谓语动词)组成。

句型简析:With独立主格结构(作定语或状语)(with都可以省略)1.with + n. + n.The workforce is made up of 400 workers, (with) most of them women.这些劳工由400人组成,其中大部分是女性。

2.with + n. + adj.The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.这些学生在听老师(讲课),他们眼睛睁得大大的。

3.with + n. + adv.(With) The meeting over, we returned to the classroom.会议结束了,我们都返回教室。

4.(with) + n + prep-phraseThe soldier stood there, (with) (a) gun in (his) hand.士兵站在那边,手中拿着一把枪。

(当介词后的名词表示身体的某个部位时,可省略修饰成分)5.(with) + n. + to do/ to be done (表示将来动作)(With) The sports meeting to be held next week, we must get ready for it.下星期要开运动会,我们必须为此做准备。

(With) A lot of homework to do, Tom won’t really enjo y a good holiday.有很多功课要做,汤姆不会真正享受好的假期。

6.(with) + n. + doing/ being done (表示正在进行) / having done (强调动作已经完成)(With) Time permitting, we’ll visit another museum.时间允许的话,我们将参观另一家博物馆。

with引导的独立主格的用法

with引导的独立主格的用法

with引导的独立主格的用法with引导的独立主格结构(absolute phrase)是一种特殊的从句结构,用来修饰整个句子的主语或动词动作的状况。

该结构通常由介词with、现在分词或过去分词构成,形成一个独立的结构,与句子的主语或动词无直接的句法关系,但在意义上与句子整体紧密相关。

本文将介绍with引导的独立主格用法及其相关示例。

一、with引导的独立主格用法:1. 在with引导的独立主格结构中,动词一般采用现在分词(-ing形式)或过去分词(-ed形式)。

2. 独立主格结构常常用来表达时间、原因、方式、条件等状况。

二、with引导的独立主格结构的示例:1. 时间状况:- With the sun setting in the distance, we decided to end our hiking trip.(夕阳西下,我们决定结束我们的徒步旅行。

)- With winter approaching, she started to buy warm clothes for her children.(随着冬天的临近,她开始给孩子买暖和的衣服。

)2. 原因状况:- With everyone's support, we were able to complete the project successfully.(在大家的支持下,我们能够成功地完成这个项目。

)- With her brother's encouragement, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.(在她兄弟的鼓励下,她决定追求成为一名医生的梦想。

)3. 方式状况:- With great care, the teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.(老师非常用心地向学生解释了这个难懂的概念。

With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构

With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构

With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点;分词的独立主格结构不是句子,因为没有实际的主语和谓语,该结构放在句首或句尾。

两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。

即两者在句中作状语,独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。

㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系,即主动关系。

2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系,即被动关系。

with独立主格8种基本句型

with独立主格8种基本句型

with独立主格8种基本句型With独立主格是英语中常用的一种表达方式,它可以在句子中用来强调某个状况或者陈述一个条件。

在英语中,有8种基本的With 独立主格句型,它们分别是:1. With + 名词 + 形容词/副词例如:With his eyes closed, he enjoyed the music.2. With + 名词 + 现在分词例如:With the children playing nearby, it was difficult to concentrate.3. With + 名词 + 过去分词例如:With the cake baked, she began to frost it.4. With + 名词 + to不定式例如:With the deadline approaching, he worked extra hours to finish the project.5. With + 名词 + doing动名词例如:With the sun shining brightly, they decided to go fora walk.6. With + 名词 + 不定式完成时例如:With the work having been finished, she took a break.7. With + 名词 + 从句例如:With the knowledge that she had gained, she felt confident to take the exam.8. With + 名词 + 介词短语例如:With his hand on her shoulder, he reassured her that everything would be alright.这8种With独立主格句型在英语中使用非常广泛,可以用来表达各种不同的情境和意思。

学会运用它们,能够让我们的英语表达更加地流畅自然。

with引导的独立主格的用法

with引导的独立主格的用法

with引导的独立主格的用法
"with"引导的独立主格是一种特殊的句子结构,用来表达某个动作或状态与主句中的主语同时发生或存在。

具体用法如下:
1. 动作的表达:
- With tears rolling down her cheeks, she apologized for her mistake.(她边流泪边为自己的错误道歉。


- With a smile on his face, he greeted everyone at the party.(他脸上带着微笑,向聚会上的每个人打招呼。


2. 状态的表达:
- With the door closed, it was hard to hear the noise outside.(门关上了,外面的噪音很难听到。


- With the project completed, they were finally able to relax.(项目完成后,他们终于能够放松了。


在以上例句中,"with"引导的独立主格短语可以放在句首或句尾,表示与主句中的主语同时发生或存在的动作或状态。

需要注意的是,"with"引导的独立主格短语中的动词通常使用现在分词形式(-ing形式),且独立主格短语可以与主句同时发生或存在,但并不是由主句的主语直接执行的动作或状态。

with 的复合结构和独立主格

with 的复合结构和独立主格

1 With 的复合结构(with+ 复合宾语)with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。

With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式(to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作,用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作,则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行,若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作,即所谓的主动,则用doing ; 若是被动,则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束,动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说,我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉,就成了独立主格结构了。

如: She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解:hand 是被举起的,表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词,这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是,独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的,可以这样想:独立主格也是状语,所以不能使用谓语动词。

with的6种独立主格结构

with的6种独立主格结构

with的6种独立主格结构With的6种独立主格结构介词with在英语中的使用非常广泛,除了作为介词外,它还可以用作独立主格结构。

本文将详细介绍with的6种独立主格结构。

一、With a smile"With a smile"是最常见的一种独立主格结构,意思是“微笑着”。

这个结构通常用于描述人们的表情和态度。

例如:- With a smile on her face, she greeted everyone who entered the room.- He left the office with a smile, feeling satisfied with his day's work.二、With caution"With caution"意思是“小心地”,表示谨慎或警惕。

这个结构通常用于描述人们在行动或决策时所采取的态度。

例如:- With caution, he approached the wild animal.- She opened the package with caution, not knowing what was inside.三、With pleasure"With pleasure"意思是“乐意地”,表示愿意或高兴地做某事。

这个结构通常用于回答别人的请求或邀请。

例如:- "Can you help me move this table?" "With pleasure!"- "Would you like to join us for dinner?" "With pleasure!"四、With difficulty"With difficulty"意思是“费力地”,表示某事情很难做到,需要付出很大努力。

高考试卷中with引导的独立主格结构总结

高考试卷中with引导的独立主格结构总结

2019年高考试卷中with引导的独立主格结构总结with引导的独立主格结构一向是书面表达中的得分点,语法教学中的难点,和学生在考试中的难解点和易错点。

但高考并不回避难点,请看该语法点在今年高考全国I卷中的体现。

1. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. (2019全国I卷阅读理解B文)在这个句子中,with+名词+名词短语构成一个独立主格结构,相当于一个缘由状语,意思是“因为食品是我们每周最大的家庭支出,所以Susanna 和Matt两个人每周都在不同的一个家庭度过,(帮他们用最少的钱做美味而有养分的饭菜。

)”。

2. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.(2019全国I卷阅读理解C文)这句话意思是“在总数6800种语言中,远超过400种语言已经接近于消亡,只剩下很少几个老年人(还在说这些语言)”。

句子中运用了with+名词+过去分词的独立主格结构,表示伴随状况。

独立主格结构在意义上相当于一个状语从句,但在形式上却是一个没有谓语的非句子结构。

常用来表示时间、缘由、条件、行为方式或伴随状况等。

独立主格结构的构成形式主要有以下几种:1. with + 宾语+ 宾补(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式)He fell asleep with the door open.他开着门睡着了。

He left the office with the lights on.他开着灯离开了办公室。

With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 有这么多的工作要做,经理感到很忧愁。

独立主格结构和with复合结构

独立主格结构和with复合结构

巩固练习
1.______ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _____, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 3____, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder
(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语 在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。
1.Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. 2.Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.
(2)作原因状语
With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(Ⅰ) with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时,一般可相互转换;此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。 (1)作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构就是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。

多年来也一直就是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。

众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但就是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。

现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。

一、句法结构【结构一】with +名词(代词)+介词短语【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand、她手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。

The old man stood there, with his back against the wall、那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。

Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door、玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。

【结构二】with +名词(代词)+形容词【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open、她张大嘴巴凝视着她的朋友。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery、这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。

He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold、她站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。

【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year、产量上升了60%, 公司又就是一个好年景。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on、这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。

独立主格结构和with复合结构

独立主格结构和with复合结构
The thief was brought to the front with his hand tied behind.小偷被带到前面,双手被捆在后面。
Withr a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The meeting over(=After themeetingwasover), they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二.with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构,用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况:
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里,他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library,witha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
一.独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构,用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词,如果有并列连词或从属连词,则用完整的谓语动词形式。

with和独立主格

with和独立主格

我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。

这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。

With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)是由名词(也可以是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。

下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。

1.With +名词+过去分词▪ They left with most of their work undone.(大部分的工作还没有做他们就离开了)▪ The year 2000 ended with nothing settled. (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决)▪ The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained. (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。

)▪ The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapersstuffed between the layers as further protection against cold.(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒)2.With +名词+现在分词▪ She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze.(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂)▪ I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trainsrattling overhead.(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。

with和独立主格结构

with和独立主格结构

with和独立主格结构独立主格结构和with / without复合结构一.独立主格结构1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。

2.结构:名词/代词+ 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。

Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。

一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。

1.This problem settled, they left the meeting – room.2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.3.He was lying on the grass, his handscrossed under his head.(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1.His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being) 副词He put on his socks,wrong side out.Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out.Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。

最新with引导的独立主格结构讲解与练习

最新with引导的独立主格结构讲解与练习

with引导的独立主格结构英语中,with引导的独立主格结构很富有表现力,在句子中作状语,表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等。

它不是句子而是短语,其结构为:with+名词/代词+介词短语/形容词/副词/ 名词/非谓语动词。

公式:with+宾语+宾补(with复合结构)。

现将with引导的独立主格结构作一小结。

1. with +名词(代词)+介词短语He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。

The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。

Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。

2. with +名词(代词)+形容词He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。

He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold.他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。

3. with +名词(代词)+副词With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on.这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。

The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。

2018考研英语(一)— with独立主格结构

2018考研英语(一)— with独立主格结构

2018考研英语(一)—with独立主格结构独立主格结构是考研英语一基础语法的重要体系之一,而with 独立主格结构是考研英语一语法的常考内容。

很多同学对这个语法点还很陌生,太阳城考研1号的小编今天就跟大家仔细讲一讲这方面的内容。

一、with独立主格结构的概述考研英语一中,“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。

二、with独立主格结构的分类1.with+宾语+名词例如:He died with his daughter yet a school girl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。

2.with+宾语+形容词例如:Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴食物说话。

3.with+宾语+副词例如:He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。

4.with+宾语+现在分词例如:He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。

5.with+宾语+过去分词例如:She sat there with his eyes closed.她闭目坐在那儿。

6.with+宾语+动词不定式例如:I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。

7.with+宾语+介词短语例如:She said good bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。

接下来我们一起来看一下with独立主格结构在考研英语一真题中出现的实例:(图片源自《考研真相》2009年考研英语(一)阅读理解Text3)如上图中所示“with the country entering a recession”和“(with)Japan at its pre-bubble peak”为and连接的with独立主格结构(分别为“with+宾语+现在分词”和“with+宾语+介词短语”)。

独立主格与with结构

独立主格与with结构

easily.
(小男孩已领过路)
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow. (小男孩明天将领路)
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.
(寝室被关着)
3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别:
3)如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
4)工作完成后,我们才回家。 This done, we went home.
5)会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时, 则该用宾格代词。如:
He could not finish it without me
to help him.
My little son can not sleep without
me to company.
1. with结构在句子中的位置:
表示时间
2. From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
3. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
Rewrite the underline part using “with…”

with的独立主格结构用法

with的独立主格结构用法

with的独立主格结构用法
with的独立主格结构,在语法中指的是由独立的with引导的一个包含名词或代词的结构,其在句子中起到状语的作用,表示与主句的主语有关的补充信息。

常见的结构为:with + 名词/代词 + 分词。

例如:
With his hands shaking, he signed the contract.(他双手颤抖着,签署了合同。


With a smile on her face, she walked into the room.(她面带微笑地走进了房间。


With the sun shining brightly, we had a wonderful picnic.(阳光明媚,我们度过了一个美好的野餐。


需要注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间需要用逗号分隔开,且其本身是一个完整的句子,不受主句语态和时态的影响。

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with独立主格结构(即with复合结构)
with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。

多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。

众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。

现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。

一、句法结构
【结构一】 with +名词(代词)+介词短语
例1 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.
他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。

【结构二】 with +名词(代词)+形容词
例2 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词
例3 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。

【结构四】 with +名词(代词)+名词
例4 She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。

【结构五】with +名词(代词)+现在分词
例5 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。

【结构六】with +名词(代词)+过去分词
例6“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said.
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开,”艾里克松说。

【结构七】with +名词(代词)+不定式
例7 With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry.
还有十分钟,你最好快一点。

二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语,可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。

例8 With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有玛丽的帮助,他一定能成功。

【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。

例9 The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.
这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。

三、句法关系
【主表关系】主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。

例10 Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。

【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。

例11 With night coming on, we started for home.
夜幕降临,我们动身回家。

例12 The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。

【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的,前者表示“被动、完成”,后者表示“未做、待做”。

例13 With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.
有这么多工作要做,我们不得不彻夜不眠。

四、句法省略
【省略特征】 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + n + 介词短语”结构中的省略,其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词,也就是:“n + 介词+ n”。

例14 She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。

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