英美概况文学部分
【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国文学american literature
AMERICAN LITERATUREWe shall not cease from explorationAnd the end of all our exploringWill be to arrive where we startedAnd know the place for the first time.T.S. Eliot --- Little GiddingLiterature represents the language of a people, their culture and their tradition. But the reading of literature is more important to us than just a historical or cultural activity. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. When we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays, we may also grow and evolve through our literary journey with books.American literature is a literature that has recorded the stories of a search. Early explorers searched for new lands and new wealth. The puritans searched for a place that would become the ideal community, one of which God would approve. Many Americans travelled across America simply because they were restless and were searching for new experiences and opportunities. These searches can be said to be the “pursuit of happiness” and Americ an literature is the story of that pursuit.Some of the early literature was concerned with life in the cities and on the frontier. It created heroes and characters that epitomised the adventurous, the brave and the strong individual. This literature could be said to have created a history for a country which, in European eyes, had very little history!As the country expanded westwards, some authors questioned some of the beliefs and lifestyle of the established east coast communities. For instance, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a book called ‘Nature’ that questioned whether or not humans needed religion to reach a higher state of spirituality. Henry Thoreau wrote about how important it was for individuals to think for themselves, and claimed that an individua l’s conscience is more important than the demands of society. These ideas caused much controversy and discussion.Other writers of this time were writing about human imagination and emotion, rather than intellect. These novels asked the reader to understand the nature of guilt, pride and emotional repression, and to find meaning in his/her life.After the Civil War (1861-1865) many Americans became discontent with the growing materialism of society, and some writers wrote about the harsher reality which was facing some Americans in their daily lives. For instance, they wrote of poor working conditions, unsympathetic reactions by the community to someone who has committed ‘sin’, and of people findingthemselves trapped in their environment and struggling to find happiness.There were also writers like Emily Dickinson who wrote poems such as this:If I can stop one heart from breaking,I shall not live in vain;If I can ease one life the aching,Or cool one pain,Or help one fainting robinUnto his nest again,I shall not live in vain.The first half of the 20th century saw the emergence of writersc alled “Imagists” whose poems focused on strong, concrete images. An example of this style was T.S.Eliot’s poem called the ‘The Waste Land’. This poem created images for the reader to interpret. Another such writer was E. E. Cumming, who threw away the rules of punctuation, spelling and even changed the way words were placed on the page.In the 1920’s in New York there emerged of a lively, powerful form of African-American music called jazz, and at the same time African-American writers began writing about the black community and their lives. Their writings used the rhythms drawn from their African and slavery. They told the American people not only about the injustices that society inflicted upon blacks, but also about the rich cultural life of the “the new negro” who was proud of his/her racial identity. Two African-American writers of this period were Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen.Mother To Son by Langston HughesWell, son, I'll tell you:Life for me ain't been no crystal stair.It's had tacks in it,And splinters,And boards torn up,And places with no carpet on the floor—Bare.But all the timeI'se been a-climbin' on,And reachin' landin's,And turnin' corners,And sometimes goin' in the darkWhere there ain't been no light.So, boy, don't you turn back.Don't you set down on the steps.'Cause you finds it's kinder hard.Don't you fall now—For I'se still goin', honey,I'se still climbin',And life for me ain't been no crystal stair.Post World War 2 authors started to write about American society in ways that questioned the direction in which society was going. After a short period of conservatism (1940’s and 1950’s), Americans saw a significant change in their culture and lifestyle. It was the period of African-American activism/protest, the feminist movement, the sexual revolution, the peace movement, and, it was a time when many alternative lifestyles were being experimented with. Politically, the world was in the midst of the Cold War between the USA with its political allies and the USSR and communism in general.People who immigrated to America were often said to be pursuing “The American Dream”. The term “The American Dream” represented an ideal. Simply stated, it meant that in America a person could achieve anything if he/she really wanted it enough. In recent history some people started doubting the possibility of this ideal: it seemed that the ideal could not be possible while society was the way that it was. Some people wanted to change society, and said that “The Dream” should be not be so much about economic success but more about personal fulfillment and the development of a just and caring society. People wanted to feel that they had a purpose in society, where they were needed, where they could fulfill their potential and where they could develop as an individual. It can be seen that some writers expressed a sense of hopelessness about achieving “The Dream” in their books and poetry.Richard Coryby Edwin Arlington RobinsonWhenever Richard Cory went downtown,We people on the pavement looked at him:He was a gentleman from sole to crown,Clean favored, and imperially slim.And he was always quietly arrayed,And he was always human when he talked;But still he fluttered pulses when he said, “Good morning,” and he glittered when he walked. And he was rich -- yes, richer than a king,And admirably schooled in every grace:In fine, we thought that he was everythingTo make us wish that we were in his place.So on we worked, and waited for the light,And went without the meat, and cursed the bread, And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,Went home and put a bullet through his head.Books, such as the following, also reflected this era:‘Catch 22’ (Joseph Heller) portrayed war as an absurd exercise for madmen. (1961)‘Death of a Salesman’ (Arthur Miller) is a play about the com mon man pressured by society. He tries to provide for his family but ultimately he fails to achieve what he thinks (and what society thinks) he should achieve. His unfulfilled dreams lead to a tragic ending.‘Native Son’ (Richard Wright) is a novel which has a black hero, whose character has been heavily impacted upon by a violent and cruel society. (1940)‘Catcher in the Rye’ (J.D.Salinger) is a book which portrays, through the eyes of a teenage boy, the hypocrisies of the adult world. The boy feels a sense of hopelessness about his world.Toni Morrison’s poems portrayed strong black women in society, and the struggles of growing up being black in America during the 1960’s and 1970’s.‘America’ (Allen Ginsberg) is a poem of anger and rage. It expresses the feelings of the Beat writers about the state of American culture in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Th e poem rages against the traditional American values of that time.‘The Kitchen God’s Wife’ by Amy Tan (1991) is a novel about her mother, who was born in China but who later, with her American husband, moved to America. The novel shows how the author sees her mother as a slight embarrassment, because of her traditional Chinese behaviour. Her mother tells her the story of her life in China. At the end of the story the young women comes to see her mother in an entirely different way. The love for her mother is still there, but her respect for her is now immense. Amy Tan was born in America and lives with her family.Extra PoemsWhat Fifty Said by Robert Frost (1925) When I was young my teachers were the old.I gave up fire for form till I was cold.I suffered like a metal being cast.I went to school to age to learn the past.Now when I am old my teachers are the young. What can't be molded must be cracked and sprung.I strain at lessons fit to start a suture.I got to school to youth to learn the future.Hey, that's no way to say goodbye by Leonard CohenI loved you in the morning, our kisses deep and warm,your hair upon the pillow like a sleepy golden storm, yes, many loved before us, I know that we are not new,in city and in forest they smiled like me and you, but now it's come to distances and both of us must try,your eyes are soft with sorrow,Hey, that's no way to say goodbye.I'm not looking for another as I wander in my time, walk me to the corner, our steps will always rhyme you know my love goes with you as your love stays with me,it's just the way it changes, like the shoreline and the sea,but let's not talk of love or chains and things we can't untie,your eyes are soft with sorrow,Hey, that's no way to say goodbye.I loved you in the morning, our kisses deep and warm,your hair upon the pillow like a sleepy golden storm, yes many loved before us, I know that we are not new,in city and in forest they smiled like me and you, but let's not talk of love or chains and things we can't untie,your eyes are soft with sorrow,Hey, that's no way to say goodbye.So long, Marianne by Leonard CohenCome over to the window, my little darling,I'd like to try to read your palm.I used to think I was some kind of Gypsy boy before I let you take me home.Now so long, Marianne, it's time that we beganto laugh and cry and cry and laugh about it all again.Well you know that I love to live with you,but you make me forget so very much.I forget to pray for the angelsand then the angels forget to pray for us.Now so long, Marianne, it's time that we began ...We met when we were almost youngdeep in the green lilac park.You held on to me like I was a crucifix,as we went kneeling through the dark.Oh so long, Marianne, it's time that we began ...Your letters they all say that you're beside me now. Then why do I feel alone?I'm standing on a ledge and your fine spider web is fastening my ankle to a stone.Now so long, Marianne, it's time that we began ...For now I need your hidden love.I'm cold as a new razor blade.You left when I told you I was curious,I never said that I was brave.Oh so long, Marianne, it's time that we began ...Oh, you are really such a pretty one.I see you've gone and changed your name again. And just when I climbed this whole mountainside, to wash my eyelids in the rain!Oh so long, Marianne, it's time that we began ...It Ain’t Me Babe by Bob DylanGo 'way from my window,Leave at your own chosen speed.I'm not the one you want, babe,I'm not the one you need.You say you're lookin' for someone Never weak but always strong,To protect you an' defend you Whether you are right or wrong, Someone to open each and every door, But it ain't me, babe,No, no, no, it ain't me, babe,It ain't me you're lookin' for, babe.Go lightly from the ledge, babe,Go lightly on the ground.I'm not the one you want, babe,I will only let you down.You say you're looking' for someone Who will promise never to part, Someone to close his eyes for you, Someone to close his heart, Someone who will die for you an' more, But it ain't me, babe,No, no, no, it ain't me, babe,It ain't me you're lookin' for, babe.Go melt back into the night, babe, Everything inside is made of stone. There's nothing in here movingAn' anyway I'm not alone.You say you're looking for someone Who'll pick you up each time you fall, To gather flowers constantlyAn' to come each time you call,A lover for your life an' nothing more, But it ain't me, babe,No, no, no, it ain't me, babe,It ain't me you're lookin' for, babe.The Times They Are A-Changing by Bob Dylan Come gather 'round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you have grownAnd accept it that soonYou'll be drenched to the bone.If your time to youIs worth savin'Then you better start swimmin'Or you'll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin'.Come writers and criticsWho prophesize with your penAnd keep your eyes wideThe chance won't come againAnd don't speak too soonFor the wheel's still in spinAnd there's no tellin' whoThat it's namin'.For the loser nowWill be later to winFor the times they are a-changin'.Come senators, congressmenPlease heed the callDon't stand in the doorwayDon't block up the hallFor he that gets hurtWill be he who has stalled There's a battle outsideAnd it is ragin'.It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your wallsFor the times they are a-changin'. Come mothers and fathers Throughout the landAnd don't criticizeWhat you can't understandYour sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road isRapidly agin'.Please get out of the new oneIf you can't lend your handFor the times they are a-changin'. The line it is drawnThe curse it is castThe slow one nowWill later be fastAs the present nowWill later be pastThe order isRapidly fadin'.And the first one nowWill later be lastFor the times they are a-changin'.Suzanne by Leonard CohenSuzanne takes you down to her place near the river You can hear the boats go byYou can spend the night beside herAnd you know that she's half crazyBut that's why you want to be thereAnd she feeds you tea and orangesThat come all the way fromChinaAnd just when you mean to tell herThat you have no love to give herThen she gets you on her wavelengthAnd she lets the river answerThat you've always been her loverAnd you want to travel with herAnd you want to travel blindAnd you know that she will trust youFor you've touched her perfect body with your mind.And Jesus was a sailorWhen he walked upon the waterAnd he spent a long time watchingFrom his lonely wooden towerAnd when he knew for certainOnly drowning men could see himHe said "All men will be sailors thenUntil the sea shall free them"But he himself was brokenLong before the sky would openForsaken, almost humanHe sank beneath your wisdom like a stoneAnd you want to travel with himAnd you want to travel blindAnd you think maybe you'll trust himFor he's touched your perfect body with his mind. Now Suzanne takes your handAnd she leads you to the riverShe is wearing rags and feathersFrom Salvation Army countersAnd the sun pours down like honeyOn our lady of the harbourAnd she shows you where to lookAmong the garbage and the flowersThere are heroes in the seaweedThere are children in the morningThey are leaning out for loveAnd they will lean that way foreverWhile Suzanne holds the mirrorAnd you want to travel with herAnd you want to travel blindAnd you know that you can trust herFor she's touched your perfect body with her mind.。
英美概况课程教学大纲(全理论的)
《英美概况》教学大纲课程名称：英美概况课程代码：04213020课程类别：公共基础课课程性质：必修总学时：64 理论学时：64先修课程：《综合英语》适用专业：应用英语、商务英语开课单位：经管学院一、课程性质、目的课程性质：《英语国家概况》是英语专业的一门知识性基础课。
本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。
课程目的：本课程的教学目的是提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。
二、课程内容和学时分配第一章大不列颠与北爱尔兰简介【教学基本要求】对英国的社会及文化背景作全面概括，使学生了解英国社会和文化的过去和现在的情况。
【教学时数】 6【教学重点和难点】重点：英国社会背景文化知识介绍。
难点：英国的民族与宗教及政治体制。
【教学内容】英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士的地理、语言发展和民族特点，以及北爱尔兰地理、宗教信仰及民族独立问题。
第二章英国政府与当代政治、经济【教学基本要求】使学生认识英国的政府统治体制和议会程序及选举制度，同时了解英国当代的政治经济情况。
【教学时数】 6【教学重点和难点】重点：英国政府体制的特色；民族等级制度对人民生活的影响；英国经济发展的原因。
难点：英国政府议会选举程序。
【教学内容】1、英国君主立宪制度议会制度及内阁2、英国选举制度、政党制及政治发展趋势3、英国经济概况、农业及飞机工业的发展第三章英国的对外关系【教学基本要求】通过课文讲解使学生认识英国的发展历史、外交政策及英美两国的关系。
【教学时数】6【教学重点和难点】重点：英帝国的扩张历史；难点：对外政策的基础和对外关系发展。
【教学内容】1、大英帝国的扩张历史及现状、英国对外政策的基础和立足点2、英国与北约、欧盟等一些国际组织的关系3、英美两个资本主义大国之间的关系第四章英国社会文化与生活【教学基本要求】通过教学，让学生了解英国的教育体制和社会各阶层的生活情况。
英美概况 英国部分 第三章ppt
A 1 Husbands & Wives
Redefinition and adjustment of needs and values The effects of newlyemerging work patterns
A 1 Husband and Wives
Decision Making
英美概况ppt英美国家概况ppt英国概况ppt英美文学选读ppt英美饮食文化ppt英美文化ppt英美文学ppt英国ppt英国介绍ppt英国文学简史ppt
Chapter 3 Family & Relationship (2)
Families
All happy families are alike, but every unhappy one is unhappy in its own way. Leo Tolstoy (18281910), Anna Karenina, I, (1876)
Focal questions
How do you think the roles of men and women have changed in Britain over the post-war period? How can you explain these changes? What is the allocation of decision-making in modern British families? Why? What do you think has caused the ―generation gap‖? Is there any remedy for this? What is the living situation of old people in Britain? Do you think, generally speaking, they are living happy lives?
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美概况中文版
第一篇英联邦第一章土地和人民第一节英吉利群岛和大不列颠一、名字和位置当读英文书籍的时候，一个人应当理解下面几个名词：A）英吉利群岛；B）不列颠（大不列颠）；C）英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士；D）北爱尔兰E）联合王国——大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国欧洲大陆西部边缘及西部以外，有数千座岛，通常被叫做英吉利群岛。
群岛中最大的岛屿叫做大不列颠，为了简单起见，简称不列颠，不过官方正式名称仍为大不列颠。
它南北走向近1000公里，东西绵延约500公里，面积大约为23万平方公里。
但是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的整体面积也只是稍多与24万平方公里，人口为5740万（1990）。
就大不列颠岛本身而言，被分为三部分，也被认为是三个国家：地处南部的英格兰，北部的苏格兰，和东南部的威尔士。
英格兰是三个政治实体中最大、最发达的一部分，土地面积超过13万平方公里，占了整个大不列颠岛近60%；人口超过4700万，约为正个国家的85%。
英格兰在大不列颠的地位如此重要以至于外国人称呼整个大不列颠为“英格兰”，这种习俗也用在了对人的称呼上，占多数的英格兰人被认为等同于“英国人”。
在面积和人口上，苏格兰都居第二位，78760平方公里的土地占不列颠岛不到30%，500万的人口不足整座岛的十分之一。
威尔士在面积和人口上都是最小的，面积20700平方公里，仅为9%，人口300万，约为全岛的5%。
在18世纪（1707）前，整座岛并不叫做大不列颠。
公元5世纪的时候，来自北欧叫做Angle s部落、Saxons部落、Jutes部落的入侵者占据了岛屿南部并据为己有，那时才开始采用英格兰的名字。
他们的语言就是“Englis h”，后来成为整个国家的官方语言。
“Engl”这一部分来自“Angles”，“ish”意为“属于的东西”，整个“Englis h”的意思就是属于“Angles”的语言。
英美概况大题知识点总结
英美概况大题知识点总结1. 位置与面积:- 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成，是一个岛国，又称不列颠群岛。
- 美国位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
是全球第三大、北美洲第二大的国家。
2. 地形:- 英国地貌复杂，地势起伏。
苏格兰地区有高山，如本提高地、格兰特群山、高地等，英格兰和威尔士地势较低，北爱尔兰地区以丘陵地形为主。
- 美国地大物博，地貌多样。
东部大西洋沿岸是低洼平原，中部是多河流盆地、大草原和沙漠，西部有洛矶山脉、科罗拉多高原和内华达高原，阿拉斯加地区是冰川遍布的高山地区，夏威夷是火山构成的群岛，加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州有大片的森林。
3. 气候:- 英国气候温和，受海洋性气候和大西洋洋流的影响。
冬季不太寒冷，夏季不太炎热，年降水量较多。
- 美国气候多样，北部地区属于温带大陆性气候，南部地区属于亚热带气候。
阿拉斯加地区气候寒冷，夏威夷地区气候属于热带海洋性气候。
整体上，美国西部偏干燥，东部偏湿润。
4. 主要城市:- 英国主要城市包括伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦等。
伦敦是英国首都，也是英国最大的城市，世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
- 美国主要城市包括纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、旧金山、华盛顿等。
纽约是美国最大的城市，也是世界金融中心之一，华盛顿是美国首都。
5. 自然资源:- 英国主要矿产资源包括煤炭、天然气、铁矿石和石油。
海洋渔业资源也非常丰富。
- 美国拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气、铁矿石等矿产资源，以及广大的农业土地和丰富的水资源。
6. 语言和宗教:- 英国官方语言是英语，宗教主要是基督教，其中以英国国教会和天主教最为流行。
- 美国官方语言也是英语，宗教信仰多元，基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教等都有一定的信徒。
英美历史概况:1. 古代历史:- 英国在古代分别由凯尔特人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和维京人等民族统治，1066年诺曼征服后建立了专制统治的王朝。
英美概况知识点总结 美国
英美概况知识点总结美国美国概况知识点总结1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲的中央，与加拿大和墨西哥接壤，东临大西洋，西临太平洋。
2. 面积：美国是世界上第四大的国家，总面积约为9.83万平方公里。
3. 人口：美国是世界上第三大的人口国家，人口约为3.27亿。
4. 政治体制：美国是一个联邦制共和国，政治体制为总统制，国家元首为总统。
5. 首都：美国的首都是华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。
6. 经济实力：美国是世界上最大的经济体，国内生产总值（GDP）居世界首位。
7. 联邦制度：美国是一个由50个州组成的联邦制国家，每个州都享有一定的自治权利。
8. 文化多样性：美国是一个移民国家，拥有来自世界各地的不同种族和文化，因此其文化也非常多样化。
9. 科技实力：美国在航空航天、信息技术、医药和生物技术等领域处于世界领先地位。
10. 社会体系：美国拥有完善的社会保障体系和医疗保健制度，以及广泛的教育资源。
英国概况知识点总结1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，横跨大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛东北部。
2. 面积：英国总面积约为24.12万平方公里。
3. 人口：英国是世界上人口密度最高的国家之一，人口约为6600万。
4. 政治体制：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首为君主，国家首相为政府首脑。
5. 首都：英国的首都是伦敦，也是英国最大的城市和金融中心。
6. 经济实力：英国是世界上经济实力较强的国家之一，拥有发达的金融、服务和制造业。
7. 文化传统：英国有着悠久的文化传统，包括文学、音乐、戏剧和艺术等领域。
8. 政治影响：英国是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一，对国际事务有重要影响。
9. 教育体系：英国拥有世界一流的教育资源和大学，吸引了大量国际学生前来留学。
10. 社会福利：英国的社会福利制度完善，提供医疗保障、养老金和失业救济等项目。
美国和英国在政治、经济和文化等方面都有着自己独特的特点，对于全球事务具有重要的影响力。
这些国家的概况知识点总结可以帮助我们更好地了解它们的国情和影响力。
英美概况第二版
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
和技能培训。
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美国教育改革
美国教育改革关注提高教育质量、缩小教育差距、促进教育公平等议题，
同时推动STEM教育和职业教育的发展。
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发展趋势
英美两国都在积极探索教育创新，注重培养学生的创新能力和实践能力，
以适应快速变化的社会需求。同时，两国都在加强国际交流与合作，推
动教育的国际化发展。
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英美文学与艺术概览
国际贸易，对外投 资，吸引外资
教育体系
高等教育，职业教 育，中小学教育
Байду номын сангаас3
美国概况
美国历史与文化
美国的起源与历史发展
美国的文学、艺术与音乐
从13个殖民地的建立到独立战争，再 到西进运动、南北战争等关键历史节 点。
如马克·吐温、海明威等文学巨匠，以 及好莱坞电影、百老汇音乐剧等艺术 成就。
美国的多元文化
美国经济与社会发展
美国的经济发展历程
01
从工业革命到现代经济体系的建立，包括农业、制造业、服务
业等产业的发展。
美国的社会福利制度
02
如社会保障、医疗保险、失业保险等制度的建立和实施情况。
美国的教育与科技
03
包括高等教育、科研创新等方面的成就和挑战，以及硅谷等科
技中心的崛起。
04
英美教育制度比较
教育理念与特点比较
英国概况
英国历史与文化
中世纪英国
文艺复兴时期
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的入侵， 诺曼征服，中世纪的封
建制度
伊丽莎白时代，莎士比 亚的戏剧，英国文艺复
兴的成就
工业革命
纺织机的发明，蒸汽机 的应用，工业革命的影
《英美概况》中文版完整版 (2)
英美概况一、引言英美是世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一。
它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都具有重要地位，对全球事务产生着巨大影响。
本文将介绍英美的概况，包括其地理、历史、政治体制、经济特征、文化传统等方面的内容。
二、地理特征英美地理上位于北美洲和欧洲西北部。
英国是由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和其他岛屿组成的岛国，而美国则横跨北美洲的中北部，拥有广袤的土地和多样的地貌。
两国均享有得天独厚的地理优势，拥有丰富的自然资源。
英国气候温和多雨，其著名的乡村风光和城市景观吸引了众多游客。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到温带再到寒带都有覆盖，其自然景观包括大峡谷、黄石国家公园等世界级的自然奇观。
三、历史沿革英美的历史源远流长。
英国自古以来就是一个重要的国家，曾经统治过英帝国，将其文化和制度传播到全球各地。
美国则在17世纪开始建立，经过独立战争后成为一个独立自主的国家。
英国和美国在历史上有着密切的联系。
美国的政治制度和法律体系受到了英国的影响，英文也成为美国的官方语言之一。
两国之间的经济合作也非常紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。
四、政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，现在的国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。
英国的政治制度相对稳定，民主成熟，议会制度是其核心。
议会分为两院，下议院成员由选举产生，上议院则由继承、任命和制度推举产生。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府采取三权分立的制度。
总统是国家元首和政府首脑，由选举产生。
国会由参议院和众议院构成，代表着各州和人民的利益。
美国政治体制注重权力平衡和制衡，保障了国家的稳定和民主。
五、经济特征英美在经济上都属于高收入国家，拥有发达的市场经济。
英国是全球最重要的金融中心之一，伦敦市是世界金融的核心。
英国的经济以金融、保险、制造业和创新科技为支柱。
美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的经济实力和产业基础。
其经济结构多样化，包括工业、农业、服务业等多个领域。
美国的创新和科技水平世界领先，许多科技巨头诞生于美国。
六、文化传统英美文化有着广泛的影响力。
英美概况知识点总结
英美概况知识点总结英美概况是指英国和美国的综合概述，包括地理、历史、文化、经济等方面的内容。
以下将从不同角度对英美概况进行总结。
一、地理概况英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰是英国的四个组成部分。
英国是一个岛国，海洋对英国的经济和国际交流起着重要作用。
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西靠太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
美国是世界第三大国家，拥有广袤的领土和多样的地理环境。
二、历史概况英国历史悠久，曾经是大不列颠帝国的核心。
英国是工业革命的发源地，对现代科技和工业发展做出了重要贡献。
美国的历史相对较短，于18世纪独立建国。
美国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成了多元文化的社会。
三、文化概况英国文化深厚，包括文学、音乐、戏剧等方面的成就。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多文化名人出自英国。
英国的摇滚乐、流行音乐也享誉世界。
美国文化的影响力也非常大，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、美式足球等都深受全球喜爱。
美国文学也有众多杰出作品，如马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》。
四、经济概况英国是世界上最发达的资本主义国家之一，金融业和服务业发达。
伦敦作为国际金融中心，具有重要的地位。
美国是全球最大的经济体，以市场经济为基础，拥有世界上最发达的科技和创新产业。
美国是世界上最大的农产品生产国和第二大制造业国。
总结起来，英美概况涵盖了地理、历史、文化和经济等方面的内容。
英国和美国都是世界上具有重要影响力的国家，对世界的发展有着重要的贡献。
两个国家在不同领域都有独特的优势和特色，值得我们进一步深入了解和学习。
英语专业必读书目
英语专业（师范）必读书目一年级必读书目一、文学类One Million Pound (by Mark Twain) 百万英镑Tales from the Arabian Nights (adapted by Michael天方夜谭West)The Legends of Ancient Rome 古罗马的传说Around the World in Eighty Days (by Jules Verne) 环绕世界八十天Aesop’s Fables伊索寓言Anderson’s Fai ry Tales安徒生童话选Grimm’s Fairy Tales格林童话选The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by Mark Twain) 哈克•贝里芬历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain) 汤姆•索亚历险记Uncle Tom’s Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋The Story of the Bible (by Van Loon) 圣经的故事The Story of Mankind (by H. William Van Loon) 人类的故事Robinson Crusoe (by Daniel Defoe)鲁滨逊漂流记二、中西方文化类汉语与中国文化（复旦大学出版社申小龙）三、实用英语类英语语法大全(首都师范大学出版社，2008. 张道真、温志达主编)实用英语语法(外语教学与研究出版社，2002.张道真主编)高级英语语法（世界知识出版社，2010.薄冰主编）新编实用英语语法（苏州大学出版社，2004. 方文礼主编）二年级必读书目一、文学类Robin Hood (adapted by Michael West) 罗宾汉Frankenstein (by Mary Shelly) 弗兰肯斯特Lucky Jim (by Kingsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (by Lewis艾丽斯漫游记Carrol)The Prince and the Pauper (by Mark Twain) 王子和贫儿Thirty-nine Steps (by John Buchan) 三十九级台阶Stories from Shakespeare (adapted by H. G. Wyatt) 莎士比亚戏剧故事集David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫•考伯菲尔德Gulliver’s Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记The Great Road (by Agnes Smedley) 伟大的道路Child’s History of England (by Charles Dickens)儿童英国史Good-bye, Mr. Chips (by James Hilton)再会，契普斯先生INTERPOL (by Peter G. Lee)国际警察组织The Gadfly (by E. L. Voynich)牛虻英美概况（辽宁大学出版社金谦廉、刘孝恒）英美概况（上下册）（吉林科学技术出版社张奎武）英美概况应试必读（海洋出版社何兆枢、刘鹤鸣）英语国家概况（外语教学与研究出版社余志远）英国风情录（东方城市出版中心吴延迪）新编英美概况（北京大学出版社周叔麟）美国文化阅读教程（天津大学出版社宁洪）欧洲文化入门（外语教学与研究出版社王佐良）三、翻译类（英译汉为主，兼译学研究）翻译基础（华东师范大学出版社刘宓庆）翻译学（湖北教育出版社谭载喜）当代翻译理论（中国对外翻译出版公司刘宓庆）英汉翻译简明教程（外语教学与研究出版社庄绎传）新编英汉翻译教程（上海外语教育出版社孙致礼）英汉翻译实践与评析（四川出版集团，四川人民出版社曹明伦）英汉翻译教程（上海外语教育出版社吕俊、侯向群）英汉翻译理论、技巧与实践（国防工业出版社廖国强）英汉语比较与翻译（青岛出版社刘重德）英汉比较与翻译（中国对外翻译出版公司陈定安）三年级必读书目一、文学类A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens)双城记Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens)远大前程Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens)雾都孤儿Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen)傲慢与偏见Grapes of Wrath (by J. Steinbeck)愤怒的葡萄Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte)简爱Sense and Sensibility (by Jane Austen)理智与情感Sister Carrie (by Theodore Dreiser)嘉丽妹妹Sons and Lovers (by D. H. Lawrence)儿子和情人Tess of the D’ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy)德伯家的苔丝The American Tragedy (by Theodore Dreiser)美国的悲剧The God Father (by Mario Puzo)教父The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald)了不起的盖茨比The Scarlet Letter (by Nathaniel Hawthorne)红字The Sun Also Rises (by Ernest Hemingway)太阳照样升起Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray)名利场Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte)呼啸山庄英语专业八级人文知识（大连理工大学出版社刘宝全）二、语言学与英语教育类语言学概论（上海外语教育出版社王德春）语言学教程（北京大学出版社胡壮麟）普通语言学（北京大学出版社胡壮麟）应用语言学（湖南教育出版社桂诗春）新编心理语言学（上海外语教育出版社桂诗春）社会交际语言学学（吉林大学出版社孙维张、吕明臣）语言学纲要（复旦大学出版社申小龙）西方语言学流派（外语教学与研究出版社刘润清）功能语言学与外语教学（外语教学与研究出版社张德禄）现代外语教学论（上海外语教育出版社王立非）外语教育语言学（广西教育出版社胡春洞、王才人）文化语言学（湖北教育出版社邢福义）语言教师心理学初探（外语教学与研究出版社Marion Williams & Robert L. Burden）三、翻译类（汉译英及译学研究为主）汉英比较翻译教程（清华大学出版社魏志成）汉英比较翻译导论（华东理工大学出版社邵志洪）教你如何掌握汉译英技巧（世界知识出版社陈文伯）高级汉英语篇翻译（清华大学出版社居祖纯）当代西方翻译理论与探索（译林出版社廖七一）翻译研究新视野（青岛出版社谢天振）面向21世纪的译学研究（商务出版社张柏然、许钧）翻译与批评（湖北教育出版社周仪，罗平）文化翻译学（南开大学出版社王秉钦）翻译文化史论（上海外语教育出版社王克非）翻译、文化、文学（北京大学出版社孔慧怡）文体翻译论（上海外语教育出版社冯庆华）语用学与翻译研究（武汉大学出版社曾文雄）语用学与翻译（上海外语教育出版社Leo Hickey ）四、语用，写作与修辞类语用学概论（湖南教育出版社何自然）当代语用学（北京大学出版社姜望琪）语用学——理论及应用（北京大学出版社姜望琪）英语论文写作（四川出版集团，四川人民出版社石坚、帅培元）当代高级英语写作（上海大学出版社肖福寿、王冬玲）高级英语写作（华东师范大学出版社邓志勇）英语科研论文写作概要（上海外语教育出版社冯翠华）英汉写作与修辞对比（复旦大学出版社蔡基刚）英语修辞学（国防工业出版社王玉龙、张煜、张德玉）实用英语修辞（清华大学出版社吕煦）英语修辞简明教程（复旦大学出版社李树德、冯奇）四年级必读书目一、文学类Monte Cristo (by Alexandre Dumas)基度山伯爵The Mayor of Casterbridge (by Thomas Hardy)卡斯特桥市长The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas)三个火枪手A Farewell to Arms (by Ernest Hemingway)永别了武器Airport (by Arthur Hailey)航空港Financier (by Theodore Dreiser)财政家Jude the Obscure (by Thomas Hardy)无名的裘德Lady Chatterley’s Lover (by D. H. Lawrence)查泰莱夫人的情人Martin Eden (by Jack London)马丁•伊登The Final Diagnosis (by Arthur Hailey)最后的诊断The Return to the Native (by Thomas Hardy)还乡The Thorn Birds (by Colleen Mccullough)荆棘鸟Wives and Daughters (by Elizabeth Gaskell)妻子与女儿二、英语教育与二语习得类外语教学改革：问题与对策（上海外语教育出版社束定芳）第二语言习得研究——方法与实践（上海外语教育出版社吴旭东）儿童句式发展研究和语言习得理论（北京语言文化大学出版社周国庆、王葆华）第二语言教师教育（外语教学与研究出版社Jack C. Richards & David Nunan）语言学习研究方法（外语教学与研究出版社David Nunan）外语自主学习——理论与实践（上海外语教育出版社David Galdner & Lindsay Miller）第二语言教与学（外语教育与研究出版社David Nunan）第二语言学习的条件（上海外语教育出版社Berbard Spolsky）语言教学的流派（外语教学与研究出版社Jack C. Richards & Theodore S. Rodgers）学习与运用第二语言的策略（外语教学与研究出版社Andrew D. Cohen）三、口译类英汉口译技巧与实践（合肥工业大学出版社任静生）汉英口译入门（外语教学与研究出版社李长栓）汉英双向口译教程（科学出版社吕炳华）英语口译教程1-2 （重庆大学出版社易宏根）面面俱到口译教程1-3 （外语教学与研究出版社郭岱宗）中级口译教程（上海外语教育出版社梅德明）口译教程（上海外语教育出版社梅德明）英语高级口译攻略（上海科技大学出版社张曦）中级翻译教程（上海外语教育出版社孙万彪）（上海英语中级口译资格证书考试）高级翻译教程（上海外语教育出版社王恩铭、孙万彪）（上海英语高级口译资格证书考试）挑战口译——听辨（上海交通大学出版社卢信朝）同传捷径——英语高级口译技能训练教程（华东师范大学出版社陈翔）商务英语翻译师考试培训教材（中国社会科学院）（商务英语翻译师考试培训教材编委会）新编实用英语口译丛书——经贸/法律口译（南京大学出版社）。
英美概况知识点总结
英美概况知识点总结英美是指英国和美国这两个英语为官方语言的国家。
它们在政治、经济、文化等方面有许多共同点，同时也存在一些差异。
下面将从地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面对英美进行总结。
地理概况：英美两国都位于北美洲，但地理位置有一些差异。
英国是一个由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰组成的岛国，位于欧洲西北部的大西洋上。
美国则位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
历史概况：英国是一个历史悠久的国家，拥有世界上最古老的君主制度。
英国曾经是世界上最大的殖民帝国，统治过许多地区。
美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于1776年宣布独立，脱离英国殖民统治。
美国独立后逐渐发展成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
政治概况：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王，但实际上的政府首脑是首相。
英国的政治制度相对稳定，以议会制度为基础。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，国家元首是总统，政府采取三权分立的制度。
美国的政治制度注重个人自由和权利保护。
经济概况：英国是世界上第六大经济体，拥有发达的市场经济和先进的金融体系。
主要经济领域包括金融服务、制造业、创意产业等。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的市场经济和先进的科技产业。
主要经济领域包括金融服务、制造业、科技产业等。
文化概况：英国是文化的发源地之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产和悠久的文学传统。
莎士比亚、狄更斯等文学巨匠都是英国的代表作家。
英国还有伦敦的剧院、博物馆等文化场所吸引着世界各地的游客。
美国是一个多元文化的国家，吸引了许多移民和不同文化背景的人。
美国的文化产业非常发达，好莱坞电影、流行音乐等在世界范围内有着广泛影响。
总结：英美两国在地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面都有许多共同点，同时也存在一些差异。
英国是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚的国家，而美国则是一个相对年轻、多元文化的国家。
两国都在世界上扮演着重要的角色，对全球发展和影响具有重要意义。
(大一上英美概况)伊丽莎白一世Elizabeth I
评 价
• 现代欧洲历史学家和传记作者对都铎时代的评价更加 写实和客观。从军事上来看伊丽莎白的英格兰并不很 成功。虽然西班牙无敌舰队被击败，但这只不过是一 场从１５８５年至１６０４年持续近２０年的战争的 开始。 • 伊丽莎白给她的继承人留下了一个困难的、不稳定的 国家。尤其在经济和宗教上许多问题没有解决。她最 主要的贡献在于她关心她的臣民，捍卫了她的统治， 使用了好的顾问。她的统治帮助英格兰避免了经济上 的危机和宗教战争。
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
伊丽莎白的画像
背
景
都铎王朝（Tudor dynasty），是1485至1603年间统治 英格兰王国和其属土的王朝。历时118年，共经历了五 代君主。始于亨利七世1485年入主英格兰、威尔士和 爱尔兰，结束于1603年伊丽莎白一世的去世。虽然历 时不长，但都铎王朝处于英国从封建社会向资本主义 社会转型这样一个关键时代，因而其实施的各项政策 也极具时代特色． 都铎王朝实行的重商主义政策，对英国社会的各个方 面都产生了极大的影响。
伊丽莎白的加冕
１５５８年玛丽无子而亡， 伊丽莎白成了她的合法 继承人。英国国会重申 了亨利八世国王规定伊 丽莎白作为继承人的安 排。 伊丽莎白于１５５９年 １月１５日在威斯敏斯 特教堂被加冕为女王， 当时她的地位很不稳定。 她加冕的日子是当时英 国著名的数学家和占星 士约翰· 迪伊挑选的，据 说它特别吉利。
伊丽莎白一世Elizabeth I
英国历史上最杰出的君王之一
概 况
• 伊丽莎白一世（Elizabeth I，1533年9月7日--1603年3 月24日），于1558年11月17日至1603年3月24日任英格 兰王国和爱尔兰女王，是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后 一位君主。她终身未嫁，因被称为“童贞女王”。她 即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过 近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国 家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌 现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯· 培根这样的著名人物。 英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。在英国历 史上在位时被称为“伊丽莎白时期”，亦称为“黄金 时代”。
英美概况中文版
第一篇英联邦第一章土地和人民第一节英吉利群岛和大不列颠一、名字和位置当读英文书籍的时候，一个人应当理解下面几个名词：A）英吉利群岛；B）不列颠（大不列颠）；C）英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士；D）北爱尔兰E）联合王国——大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国欧洲大陆西部边缘及西部以外，有数千座岛，通常被叫做英吉利群岛。
群岛中最大的岛屿叫做大不列颠，为了简单起见，简称不列颠，不过官方正式名称仍为大不列颠。
它南北走向近1000公里，东西绵延约500公里，面积大约为23万平方公里。
但是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的整体面积也只是稍多与24万平方公里，人口为5740万（1990）。
就大不列颠岛本身而言，被分为三部分，也被认为是三个国家：地处南部的英格兰，北部的苏格兰，和东南部的威尔士。
英格兰是三个政治实体中最大、最发达的一部分，土地面积超过13万平方公里，占了整个大不列颠岛近60%；人口超过4700万，约为正个国家的85%。
英格兰在大不列颠的地位如此重要以至于外国人称呼整个大不列颠为“英格兰”，这种习俗也用在了对人的称呼上，占多数的英格兰人被认为等同于“英国人”。
在面积和人口上，苏格兰都居第二位，78760平方公里的土地占不列颠岛不到30%，500万的人口不足整座岛的十分之一。
威尔士在面积和人口上都是最小的，面积20700平方公里，仅为9%，人口300万，约为全岛的5%。
在18世纪（1707）前，整座岛并不叫做大不列颠。
公元5世纪的时候，来自北欧叫做Angles部落、Saxons部落、Jutes部落的入侵者占据了岛屿南部并据为己有，那时才开始采用英格兰的名字。
他们的语言就是“English”，后来成为整个国家的官方语言。
“Engl”这一部分来自“Angles”，“ish”意为“属于的东西”，整个“English”的意思就是属于“Angles”的语言。
但是占领英格兰的Angles部落与Saxons部落在努力占领西南部，也就是传统上被称为威尔士的地方的时候，收效甚微，于是他们的大本营就驻扎在英格兰，这个地方还是当地土著塞尔特人（Celts）在公元1世纪遭到罗马入侵者退守的地方。
《英美概况》教学大纲
《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲课程编号：B0715110课程名称：英语国家概况总学时：32适用对象：英语专业本科三年级学生先修课程：基础英语，英语口语，英语听力，英语语音，英语写作后续课程：英美文学一、课程性质、目标与任务1.课程类型：必修课√□选修课□公共课□专业基础课□专业课√□集中实践教学环节□2.课程性质：纯实践课□纯理论课□实践为主课□理论为主课√□理实一体化□3.课程目标及任务《英语国家概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。
开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。
培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。
把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。
同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。
通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。
二、课时分配三、教学组织Unit One Introduction to the UK[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 geographical features, climate2 characteristics of the UK3 history of the UK4distribution of the UK’s population[本章主要内容]：1 geographical features, climate2 characteristics of the UK3 history of the UK4distribution of the UK’s population[本章重点]：1 features of invasion of the UK2 the Great Empire, gentleman[本章难点]：Troubles in the Northern Ireland[本章思考题]：1．What is gentleman?2．The influences of the Great EmpireUnit Two The government of the UK[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions3 British government[本章主要内容]：1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions3 British government[本章重点]：1 Constitutional Monarchy2 British parliament and its functions[本章难点]：Constitutional Monarchy[本章思考题]：1．How long do you think the royal family can exist?Unit Three Politics, class and race[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 understanding of the general election of the UK2 social class3 races[本章主要内容]：1 understanding of the general election of the UK2 social class3 races[本章重点]：1 the general election of the UK2 multiracial society[本章难点]：the general election of the UK[本章思考题]：1．The system of general elections and its influence in the worldUnit Four The UK economy[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 understanding the position of the UK after the WW II2. the reason of the decline3 characteristics of British agriculture and industry[本章主要内容]：1 understanding the position of the UK after the WW II2. the reason of the decline3 characteristics of British agriculture and industry[本章重点]：1 the reasons for the decline2.the trends for the British economy[本章难点]：the reasons for the decline he general election of the UK[本章思考题]：1．The privatization and reform in the economic developmentUnit Five British literature[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of British literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章主要内容]：1 the history of British literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章重点]：1 the history of British literature2 well-known writers[本章难点]：divisions of literal periods[本章思考题]：1．Describe a writer/ a school/work you are most familiar with?Unit Six British education system[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章主要内容]：1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章重点]：1 the history of education2 education systems[本章难点]：higher education[本章思考题]：1．Compare British and Chinese higher educationUnit Seven British Foreign Relations[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and international institutions3 Britain and the United States[本章主要内容]：1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and international institutions3 Britain and the United States[本章重点]：1 UK foreign policies and their makings2 Britain and the United States[本章难点]：Britain and the United States[本章思考题]：1．The change of British image in international world from Iraqi warUnit Eight the British Media[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 British newspapers2 broadcast media3 television media[本章主要内容]：1 British newspapers2 broadcast media3 television media[本章重点]：1 British newspapers2 broadcast media[本章难点]：British newspapers[本章思考题]：1．The functions of media in cultural acquisitionUnit Nine American beginnings[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 a new land2 the settlement in Virginia3 Puritan New England4 Catholic Maryland5 Quaker Pennsylvania6 American revolution[本章主要内容]：1 a new land2 the settlement in Virginia3 Puritan New England4 Catholic Maryland5 Quaker Pennsylvania6 American revolution[本章重点]：1 A new land2 American revolution[本章难点]：American revolution[本章思考题]：1．How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?Unit Ten Political system in the United States[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of :1 legislative branch2 executive branch3 Judicial branch4 political parties[本章主要内容]：1 legislative branch2 executive branch3 Judicial branch4 political parties[本章重点]：1 Checks and balance2 Political parties[本章难点]：checks and balance[本章思考题]：Compare the political systems between the UK and the USAUnit Eleven American economy[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1.industry revolution2.free enterprise3 . American agriculture[本章主要内容]：1.industry revolution2.free enterprise3. American agriculture[本章重点]：1 free enterprise2. the roots of affluence[本章难点]：the roots of affluence[本章思考题]：The influences of American economy on the worldUnit Twelve Religion in the USA[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1 religious liberty2. protestants in the USA3. Catholics in the USA[本章主要内容]：1 religious liberty2. protestants in the USA3. Catholics in the USA[本章重点]：1 religious liberty2 religious diversity[本章难点]：American character of religion[本章思考题]：The effects of religion on American culture and everyday lifeUnit Thirteen American literature[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of American literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章主要内容]：1 the history of American literature2 writers3 schools4 divisions of literal periods[本章重点]：1 the history of American literature2 well-known writers[本章难点]：divisions of literal periods[本章思考题]：Describe a writer/ a school/work you are most familiar with?Unit Fourteen Education system in the United States[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章主要内容]：1 the history of education2 education systems3 higher education[本章重点]：1 the history of education2 education systems[本章难点]：higher education[本章思考题]：1．Why American schools have more international students than any other countries?Unit Fifteen Social problems in the USA[教学目标与要求]：Understanding of:1 racial problems2 drug abuse3 crimes4.abuse of power by government and corporation[本章主要内容]：1 racial problems2 drug abuse3 crimes4.abuse of power by government and corporation[本章重点]：1 racial problems2 drug abuse[本章难点]：racial problems[本章思考题]：Why is it perceived as a major threat to American society?Unit Sixteen Post-WWII American foreign policy[教学目标与要求]：understanding of:1 the beginning of the cold war2 arm races3 the engagement and expansion[本章主要内容]：1 the beginning of the cold war2 arm races3 the engagement and expansion[本章重点]：1 the cold war2 the engagement and expansion[本章难点]：the cold war[本章思考题]：The current international relationships and the role America plays in it四、课程考核学生总评成绩取决于学生的出勤情况、课堂参与、学期论文、课后作业和期末考试成绩。
英美概况（英国篇4：向现代英国的过渡）2
III. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)伊莉莎⽩⼀世（1558年-1603年）Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policy伊莉莎⽩的宗教改⾰和外交政策Elizabeth's religious reform was a compromise of views. She broke Mary's ties with Rome and restored her father's independent Church of England, i.e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. He religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.For nearly 30 years Elizabeth successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers, France and Spain, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France. So England wad able to face the danger from Spain.伊莉莎⽩的宗教改⾰是各种观点的妥协。
888综合考试(英美文学40分语言学30分英美概况40分翻译40分)2003(2003有答案)
北京第二外国语学院2003年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：综合考试(英美文学)满分：40分A. the farceB. the romanceC. the melodrama2. Geoffrey Chaucer’s language, now called ________, is vivid and exact.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Primitive English3. Apart from its religious significance, ________ has had a great influence on English language and literature.A. the King Arthur BibleB. the King George BibleC. the King James Bible4. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus was written by ________.A. Christopher MarloweB. John MiltonC. William Shakespeare5. John Dome (1573-1631), the founder of the ________ school of poetry, lived and wrote during the successive reigns of Elizabeth to Charles I.A. MetaphoricalB. MetamorphicC. Metaphysical6. Essay on Criticism, a didactic poem written by Alexander Pope in heroic couplets, tells the poets and critics how to write and appreciate poetry according to the principles set up by the old________ writers.A. Anglo-SaxonB. Greek and RomanC. French and German7. The following quotation is taken from William Blake’s The Marriage of He aven and Hell-- “What is now proved was once only.”A. imagin’dB. reason’dC. learn’d8. William Wordsworth, _____________have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the lake district in the northwestern part of England.A. John Keats and William Butler YeatsB. Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert SoutheyC. George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley9. Walter Scott’s historical novels may be conveniently divided into three groups according to their subject-matter, namely, the group on the history of_____________, the group on English history, and the group on the history of European countries.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Northern Ireland10. Matthew Arnold said, “It is of the last importance that English criticism should clearly discernwhat rule for its course, in order to avail itself of the field now opening to it; and to produce fruit for the future it ought to take. The rule may be summed up in one word _____________.”A. disobedienceB. disinterestednessC. disconnectednessA. the early colonial periodB. the pre-colonial periodC. the pre-Christian period12. Puritan influence over American romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. One of itspalpable manifestations was the fact that American romantic writers tended more_____________ than their English and European brothers.A. to socializeB. to philosophizeC. to moralizeA. Benjamin FranklinB. Henry David ThoreauC. Ralph Waldo Emerson14. Henry David Thoreau helped Ralph Waldo Emerson edit the Transcendentalist journal TheDial, and was susceptible to oriental influences such as Hinduism and_____________A. ConfucianismB. MaterialismC. Epicureanism15. A handy way of seeing modem American poetry is to find its sources in the two founts, _____________.A. Wallace Stevens and Sylvia PlathB. Walt Whitman and Emily DickinsonC. Robert Frost and Elizabeth Bishop16. Although William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain all workedfor_____________, there were obvious differences between them. In thematic terms, for instance, James wrote mostly of the upper reaches of American society, and Howells concerned himself chiefly with middle class life, whereas Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society.A. naturalismB. neoclassicismC. realism17. The reason that Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell found value in Chinese poetry was becauseChinese poetry is, by virtue of the ideographic and pictographic nature of the Chinese language, essentially _____________ poetry.A. impressionisticB. imagisticC. expressionisticA. The Gilded AgeB. The Sun Also RisesC. Tender Is the Night19. Both Beyond the Horizon and The Hairy Ape were written by_____________.A. Eugene O’NeillB. Arthur MillerC. Sinclair Lewis20. _____________ career reached its exciting climax in 1976 when he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Saul Bellow’sB. John Steinbeck’sC. William Faulkner’sII. Read the following poem by William Butler Yeats, and answer the three questions (10 points):Turning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhereThe ceremony of innocence is drowned;The best lack all conviction, while the worstAre full of passionate intensity.Surely some revelation is at hand;When a vast image out of Spirtus MundiTroubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desertA shape with lion body and the head of a man,A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,Is moving its slow thighs, while all about itReel shadows of the indignant desert birds.The darkness drops again; but now I knowThat twenty centuries of stony sleepWere vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?1. What images are used in the first stanza? What do they indicate respectively?2. What are the implications of the description of the “rough beast” in the second stanza?3. Why do you think the poem ends with a question mark?III. The following excerpt is taken from the short story A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway. Read it, and answer the three questions (10 points):“Good night,” said the younger waiter.“Good night,” the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course, but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was ail a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that the light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada. Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee. He smiled and stood before a bar with a shining steam pressure coffee machine.“What’s yours?” asked the barman.“Nada.”“Ot r o loco mas,” said the barman and turned away.“A little cup,” said the waiter.The barman poured it for him.“The light is very bright and pleasant but the bar is unpolished,” the waiter said.The barman looked at him but did not answer. It was too late at night for conversation.“You want another copita?” the barman asked.“No, thank you,” said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted cafe was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to his room. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it is probably only insomnia. Many must have it.1. What is the significance of the parodied Lord’s Prayer?2. Why does the older waiter think that a clean, well-lighted cafe is “a very different thing”?3. What is the significance of the last sentence of the story (“Many must have it.”)?考试科目：综合考试(语言学部分) 满分：30分I. Fill in each blank with a proper term. (15 points )1. Linguistics is usually defined as the ___________study of language.2. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over___________3. I n Sanssure’s view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept)is___________4. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ________5. A ___________ morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.6. The branch of general linguistics which is named ___________studies the internal structure ofsentences.7. The ___________relation, which was originally called associative relation by Saussure, is arelation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.8. The sense relation between “A lent a book to B” and “B borrowed a book from A”is___________.9. The sound [k] can be described with “voiceless, ___________, stop”.11. Antonyms like “husband” v. “wife” a re ___________ antonyms.12. Terms like “desk” and “stool” a re ___________of the term “furniture”.13. According to G. Leech, ___________ meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content.14. IC is the short form of immediate ___________. used in the study of syntax.15. Chomsky initiated the distinction between___________ and performance.II. Choose the correct one among the three choices for each statement. (5 points)1. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in agiven language is a___________.A. allophoneB. phoneC. phoneme2. The ___________is the minimal distinctive trait in grammar, a unit which cannot be dividedwithout destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. syllable3. Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are ___________ items.A. open-classB. closed-classC. neither open-class nor closed-classA. boundB. freeC. both bound and free5. When language is used to get information from others, it serves an___________ function.A. informativeB. directiveC. interrogativeⅢ. Give the phonetic term for each of the following locations in articulation. (4 points)1. Both lips2. Teeth3. Opening between vocal cords4. Ridge behind upper teethIV. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. If you think it false, correct it.(6 points)1. All syllables contain three parts: onset, nucleus and coda.2. Broad Transcription is intended to symbolize all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades.3. The most important sociological use of language is the performative function, by which people establish and maintain their status in society.考试科目：综合考试(英美概况)满分：40分Instruction:I. Choose the correct answer from the following four choices: (10分)1. In England, the Protestant Reformation began withA. Bloody MaryB. Queen ElizabethC. King Henry ⅦD. King Henry Ⅷ2. Victorianism was characterized by the following exceptA. It was in an age of imperialism.B. It was the great progress in social sciences.D. It was an age when the Battle of Waterloo was won by the Duke of Wellington.A. six JudgesB. seven JudgesC. eight JudgesD. nine Judges4. The pilgrims were able to survive in America becauseA. they received help from the Indians.C. many ships brought them food from England.5. Which of the following did not take place in the 1960s?A. The Anti-Viet Nam War Movement.B. The Anti-Drug Movement.C. Women’s Liberation Movement.D. Public protests by blacks and other minority groups.II .Explain the following in English. (20 分)1. the pioneer spirit2. the American Dream3. John Locke4. the separation of powers5. The Boston Tea PartyⅢ. Answer the following question. (10分)Describe the diversity of the physical conditions of the U.S.A.考试科目：翻译满分：40分一、英译汉（20分）Pico lyer二、汉译英（20分）说明：下为“做一个勤奋乐群的华人”一文的节选。
英美概况教案(总)
英美概况教案(一)【教学目标】1. 了解英国和美国的基本地理、历史和文化概况。
2. 掌握英国和美国的主要城市、名胜古迹和自然资源。
3. 了解英国和美国的政治体制、教育制度和社会福利。
【教学内容】1. 英国的地理位置和地形特点。
2. 英国的历史概况：罗马时期、中世纪、工业革命、现代英国。
3. 英国的主要城市：伦敦、曼彻斯特、爱丁堡、伯明翰等。
4. 英国的名胜古迹：大本钟、白金汉宫、伦敦塔桥、牛津大学等。
5. 英国的自然资源：苏格兰高地、湖区国家公园、威尔士山脉等。
【教学方法】1. 采用多媒体教学，展示英国的地理位置、城市和名胜古迹的图片和视频。
2. 通过讲解和讨论的方式，让学生了解英国的历史、政治和社会文化。
3. 设置小组任务，让学生调查英国的自然资源和旅游特色。
【教学评估】1. 课堂讨论：学生能积极参与讨论，表达对英国的了解和看法。
2. 小组报告：学生能完成调查任务，呈现英国的自然资源和旅游特色。
3. 课后作业：学生能完成相关阅读材料，加深对英国的了解。
英美概况教案(二)【教学目标】1. 了解美国的基本地理、历史和文化概况。
2. 掌握美国的主要城市、名胜古迹和自然资源。
3. 了解美国的政治体制、教育制度和社会福利。
【教学内容】1. 美国的地理位置和地形特点。
2. 美国的歷史概况：殖民时期、独立战争、南北战争、现代美国。
3. 美国的主要城市：纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、芝加哥等。
4. 美国的名胜古迹：自由女神像、白宫、国会山、哈佛大学等。
5. 美国的自然资源：大峡谷、黄石国家公园、尼亚加拉大瀑布等。
【教学方法】1. 采用多媒体教学，展示美国的地理位置、城市和名胜古迹的图片和视频。
2. 通过讲解和讨论的方式，让学生了解美国的历史、政治和社会文化。
3. 设置小组任务，让学生调查美国的自然资源和旅游特色。
【教学评估】1. 课堂讨论：学生能积极参与讨论，表达对美国的了解和看法。
2. 小组报告：学生能完成调查任务，呈现美国的自然资源和旅游特色。
考研试题(与英美概况有关试题) Microsoft Word 文档
北京第二外国语大学试卷（2004）综合考试（英美文学）作家及作品等(40%)语言学部分(30%) 英美概况：(40%) 翻译：(40%)（汉译英20%，英译汉20%）I.Answer all the following questions.(10%)Explain the following :1.the Pilgrims(1) In England, there had been a group of people called Puritan who had broken away from the Church of England and formed their own churches. Later they fled to Holland to escape the persecution in their native land. (2) Several years passed when they were again threatened by religious suppression, they thought of moving, and this time to American. (3) They began to call themselves Pilgrim because of their wanderings in search of religious freedom. (4) In 1620, they crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.2. Boston Tea Party (1) In the years following the French and Indian War, British Government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2) In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea. (3) In 1773, a group of patriots responed to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party. Disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbour. (4) British parliament then passed “ the Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this, the First Continental was held in Sep.1774.II. Choose the correct answer in each of the following(15%)1.美国独立前有几个洲（35 1348 50）2.哪一个不是New England 的洲（Connecticut New York State New Hampshire Vermont）3.哪个州是最晚加入the Union （Kentucky Pennsylvania Arizona Alaska）4.下列那个名称不在New York City（Hollywood Broadway Rockefeller Centre Harlem）5. 那几个州是大西洋中部的洲（mid-Atlantic States）(6 5 11 4) III．（15%）Explain the characteristics of the uniformity in American cultureand give your own evaluation.北京第二外国语大学试卷（2005）综合考试(英美文学)(50%) 语言学部分（50%）综合考试（英1，英2）（英美概况）（50%）I. 解释（15%）1.pioneering spirit (1) In the mid-nineteenth centry, it was this pioneering spirit that led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold. (2) It is still an important part of the American character . (3) Today, Northerners and Midwesterners are attracted to the West because of good business opportunities and a mild climate.2. Separation of powers Influenced by Montesquieu‟s theory of division of powers, the US Constitution ruled that political structures should share out political power between legislative, executive and judicial authorities, and that these authorities should exercise checks against each other.II.选择正确答案（15%）1.下面有关美国宪法的表述那个是不对的。
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英美概况文学部分LiteratureEngland:1. D· H· Lawrence: Sons and Lovers p.952. George Orwell: 1984 p.953. William Golding: Lord of the Flies p.964. Doris Lessing: The Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook; Alfred and Emily p.965. Salman Rushdie: Midnight's Children; The Satanic Verses; The Enchantress of Florence p.966. Kazuo Ishiguro: The Remains of the Day; When We Were Orphans; Nocturnes p.97Ireland: There are four winners of the Nobel Prize.1.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels p.2302.Oscar Wilde: The Soul of Man Under Socialism; The Picture of Dorian Gray p.2303.James Joyce: The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man p.2304.Samuel Becket: Waiting for Godot p.2305.Australia:1.Patrick White: The Aunt's Story; The Tree of Man; Voss; The Solid Mandela p.2632.Ruth Park: The Harp in the South; Poor Man's Orange and Missus; The Muddle-HeadedWombats series p.2633.Christos Tsiolkas: Dead Europe; The Slap p.2644.Alice Pung: Unpolished Gem5.Thomas Keneally: Schindler's Ark《辛德勒名单》 p.263, 2656.America:1. F· Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby p.1042. O’Neill: Desire Under the Elms; Mourning Becomes Electra; The Iceman Cometh; Long Day’s Journey into Night p.1053. Ralph Ellison: Invisible Man p.1064. James Baldwin: Go Tell It on the Mountain; The Fire Next Time p.1065. Alan Ginsberg: Howl p.1066. J· D· Salinger: The Catcher p.1077. N·Scott Momaday: House Made of Dawn; The Way to Rainy Mountain p.1078. Toni Morrison: The Bluest Eye; Song of Solomon; Beloved p.1089. Maxine Hong Kingston: The Woman Warrior; China Men p.10810. Amy Tan: The Joy Luck Club p.108Canada:1. William Kirby: The Golden Dog p.3402. Lucy Maud Montgomery: Anne of Green Gables3. Margaret Laurence: The Diviners; A Jest of God (上帝的玩笑) p.3424. Alice Munro: Something I’ve Been Meaning to Tell You; Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage p. 3425. Michael Ondaatje: English Patient p.3436. Wayson Choy：The Jade Peony; A Chinatown Childhood; All That Matters p.3437. Margaret Atwood: Oryx and Crake; The Year of the Flood p.344General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge about the Six Countries1. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT CA. the Anglos.B. the Celts.C. the Jutes.D. the Saxons.2. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of DA. the Shadow Cabinet.B. the Parliament.C. the Opposition.D. the Cabinet.3. is the state church in England. DA. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England4.The capital of Scotland is BA. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.5. Which of the following is NOT a British news agency? BA. Reuters.B. The Associated Press.C. The Press Association Ltd.D. United Press, Ltd.6. Big Ben was named after BA. Christopher Wren.B. Benjamin Hall.C. Ben John.D. G. Stephenson.7. Education in U.K. is compulsory for all between ages of AA. 5 and 16.B. 8 and 17.C. 6 and 15.D. 7 and 19.8. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the century. CA. 7 thB. 6thC. 5 thD. 4th9. Between 1337 and 1453, the took place in Britain. CA. War of RosesB. Black DeathC. Hundred Years' WarD. Peasant Uprising10. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? DA. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.11. The United Kingdom is also known by its official name DA. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and England.B. the United Kingdom of Great Britain.C. the United Kingdom of British Isles.D. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.12. Which of the following is the highest rank among the titles of English nobility? AA. Duke.B. Viscount.C. Earl.D. Baron.13. is recognized as the longest river in Britain. CA. The Thames RiverB. The Amazon RiverC. The Severn RiverD. The Rhine River14. The northernmost part of Great Britain is BA. Northern Ireland.B. Scotland.C. England.D. Wales.15. In Britain, has the ultimate authority of legislation. BA. the QueenB. the House of CommonsC. the House of LordsD. the Prime Minister16. It is known that Irish landscape is featured by AA. bogs.B. mountains.C. grassland.D. rivers.17. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? CA. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.18. The original inhabitants of Australia were CA. the Red Indians.B. the Eskimos.C. the Aborigines.D. the Maoris.19. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? AA. The Aborigines.B. The Maori.C. The Indians.D. The Eskimos.20. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? DA. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.21. It is generally agreed that were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. DA. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch22. The capital of New Zealand is CA. Christchurch.B. Auckland.C. Wellington.D. Hamilton.23.The Head of State of New Zealand is BA. the governor- general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.24. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is DA. the President.B. the Governor- General.C. the British monarch.D. the Prime Minister.25. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?A. Thomas Jefferson. AB. George Washington.C. Thomas Paine.D. John Adams.26. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested inA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress. D27. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by AA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.28. The President during the American Civil War was BA. Andrew Jackson.B. Abraham Lincoln.C. Thomas Jefferson.D. George Washington.29. The following are the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT? CA. George Washington.B. Benjamin Franklin.C. Willian Penn.D. Thomas Jefferson.30. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? AA. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.31. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term. BA. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year32. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast U.S.? AA. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.33. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of DA. culture revival.B. loss of purpose.C. development in science and technology.D. material success and spiritual frustration.34. The largest river in America is CA. the Ohio River.B. the Columbia.C. the Mississippi River.D. the Colorado.35. In the year of that Columbus discovered the New World. AA. 1492B. 1592C. 1591D. 149136. The first English permanent settlement in America was founded in 1607 in DA. New Mexico.B. Hawaii.C. California.D. Virginia.37. On which of the following streets is the financial centre of the U.S. located? CA. Fleet Street.B. Downing Street.C. Wall Street.D. Burke Street.38. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? BA. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.39. The U.S. government falls into three branches: the legislative, and the judicial. CA. the representativeB. the democraticC. the executiveD. the independent40. The state of California is on CA. Caribbean Sea.B. the Gulf of Mexico.C. the Pacific Coast.D. the Atlantic Coast.41. Harvard University was founded in CA. 1366.B. 1633.C. 1636.D. 1363.42. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? AA. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.43. The most important economic activity in Canada is DA. mining.B. fishing.C. farming.D. manufacturing.44. Canada occupies about of the North American continent. AA. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/545. The first city ever founded in Canada is AA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.46. The largest city in Canada is CA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. Toronto.D. Ottawa.47. The Head of State of Canada is represented by DA. the Monarch.B. the President.C. the Prime Minister.D. the Governor-general.48. is the capital city of Canada. BA. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York49. What are the most important natural resources in Canada? CA. Forest resources.B. Mineral resources.C. Water resources.D. Agricultural resources.50. The deepest lake in Canada is CA. Lake Superior.B. Great Bear Lake.C. Great Slave Lake.D. Lake Ontario.Plus: The meaning of G7,G8, G20 can be seen Note No.1, p78。