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2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam OutlineI. Listening ComprehensionThis section of the exam will test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional settings. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings, including lectures, conversations, and presentations, and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The topics will cover a wide range of subjects relevant to doctoral studies, such as research methods, literature reviews, and academic discussions.II. Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates will read academic texts, including scholarly articles, research papers, and book excerpts, and answer questions to demonstrate their understanding of the content. The passages will be of varying lengths and complexity, requiring candidates to identify main ideas, supporting details, and logical relationships within the text.III. Writing SkillsCandidates will be required to demonstrate their ability to write coherent and well-structured essays on a variety of topics related to their field of study. This section will test candidates' proficiency in academic writing, including the ability to formulate clear arguments, provide evidence to support their claims, and organize their ideas in a logical manner. Candidates may be asked to analyze a case study, evaluate a research question, or propose a research methodology.IV. Vocabulary and GrammarThis section will assess candidates' knowledge of vocabulary and grammar in academic English. Candidates will be tested on their ability to use complex vocabulary and grammar structures accurately and appropriately in written and spoken English. This section may include exercises on word meaning, word usage, sentence structure, and grammatical rules.V. Speaking SkillsCandidates will be required to engage in conversations and discussions on academic topics with examiners. This section will test candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently, respond to questions, and engage in academic discourse. Candidates will be evaluated on their fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary usage, and grammar accuracy.Overall, the 2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam is designed to assess candidates' readiness for doctoral studies by evaluating their listening, reading, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and grammar skills in academic English. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening and reading comprehension, academic writing, vocabulary building, and speaking skills in English. Good luck to all the candidates!。

考博英语提纲作文模板

考博英语提纲作文模板英文回答：Abstract。

The advancement of technology has brought about unprecedented opportunities and challenges for businesses and organizations. In the realm of marketing, the digital landscape has transformed the way brands connect with their target audiences. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards omnichannel marketing, which involves integrating multiple channels to deliver a seamless customer experience. This essay will delve into the transformative impact of omnichannel marketing, examining its key benefits, challenges, and future implications.Introduction。

In today's highly competitive business environment,organizations must find innovative ways to reach and engage their customers. Omnichannel marketing has emerged as a game-changer, providing businesses with a comprehensive approach to deliver a consistent and personalized experience across all touchpoints. By integrating online and offline channels, businesses can create a synergistic effect that amplifies their marketing efforts and drives better results.Body。

2021年中科院博士研究生考试英语大纲

2021年中科院博士研究生考试英语大纲The pursuit of a doctoral degree is a journey that demands a high level of academic proficiency, particularly in the realm of language skills. The English examination syllabus for the 2021 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) doctoral candidates reflects this requirement, emphasizing not only the mastery of the English language but also the ability to apply this knowledge in a scientific context.Understanding and Interpreting Scientific Literature。

A significant portion of the syllabus is dedicated to the comprehension of scientific texts. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to understand and interpret research papers, reviews, and excerpts from scientific journals. This includes the identification of main ideas, supporting details, and the ability to infer meanings from the context. The evaluation of arguments and the synthesis of information from multiple sources are also key components.Vocabulary and Terminology。

电子科技大学博士英语考试大纲

2）测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成500－600词的阅读量（1篇短文），并根据短文内容，从文后所提供的7句话中选择能分别放进短文中5个空白处的5句话。
3.英译汉/汉译英
测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来或将一段汉语短文翻译为英文。
一、总体要求
深入地理解经济模型的基本构造，理解微观经济活动的运行过程，熟悉和掌握微观经济分析的数理分析方法，掌握一些从复杂的现实过渡到简单理论的研究和分析经济问题的技巧，具备利用所学知识分析和解决市场经济条件下的微观经济问题的能力
二、内容
1. 消费者行为分析
1）需求与需求函数
2）基数效用分析方法
3）序数效用分析方法
4）需求价格弹性分析
5）需求收入弹性分析
6）需求交叉弹性分析
2. 厂商行为与市场结构分析
1）供给与供给函数
2）供给价格弹性
3）生产函数与要素的合理投入分析
4）规模收益
5）成本、短期成本函数和长期成本函数
6）收益与利润分析
7）市场均衡
8）四种市场结构类型
9）完全竞争市场分析
10）完全垄断市场分析
11）垄断竞争市场分析
2）会应用基于条件概率的三个重要公式；概率乘法公式、全概率公式和贝叶斯公式.
4.事件的独立性与独立概型实验
1)理解随机事件的独立性概念及工程意义;
2)能分析描述独立概型实验；
5.随机变量及分布函数
1）随机变量的概念，随机变量分布函数的概念及性质.
6.离散型随机变量
1）离散型随机变量的概念,分布律的概念及性质.
12）寡头垄断市场分析
13）定价方法（成本加成定价法、差别定价法、多产品定价法和中间产品定价法）

博士研究生招生考试英语大纲

第二部分：完形填空。共 20 题，测试时间 25 分钟。测试形式是一篇题材熟悉、难度适中、150 词左右的短文。要求考生从所给的每题四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选择一个最佳答案填入短文中的空白，使短文的结构和意义完整，每个空白为一题。测试目的：测试考生的语篇理解和综合语言运用能力。
第三部分：翻译。共 2 题，分为 A、B 两节。测试时间 50 分钟。 A 节为英译汉，主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求考生将所给 150 词左右的英语短文译成中文。B 节主要测试考生分析理解母语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、造句、谋篇的能力，要求考生将所给的 100 词左右的中文短文译成英文。选材原则：短文为学生熟悉的常识性或知识性内容。测试目的：测试考生正确理解英语文章并用中文正确表达的能力，以及考生的英语语言运用能力。要求译文忠实于原文，语言通顺。
能力。
三、答题与计分方法
该试卷第一部分为客观性试题，计 60 分。要求考生从每题四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳答案，每题只能选一个答案，答案涂在答题卡上。试卷第二部分为主观性试题，计 40 分，要求考生把答案直接做在答题纸上。该考试为闭卷考试，考生不得使用任何
形式的参考工具。该卷以百分计算。
要生词词义并
进行推断等
50 （每题 2 分）
完形填空
1 篇文章英语知识综合选择题
10
II
20
(Cloze Test) （150 词运用能力（四选一）
（每题
3
左右）
0.5 分）
1 段英文理解和表达准
英译汉
文章（150 确、完整、通顺，
1
（15 分）
翻译
词左右）忠实于原文

同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲(全)

同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲总则同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》规定、为完成教学目标而实施的一项标准化考试。

它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组成部分。

为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订《同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲》。

一、考试目的本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参考依据。

二、考试性质与范围本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。

考试范围包括《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。

三、考试时间、对象与命题本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学习之后进行。

考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。

本考试由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。

四、考试形式本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。

五、考试内容书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。

考试规定时间120分钟。

听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1、测试要求：（a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。

（b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。

（c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介绍。

（d）考试时间约20分钟。

2、测试形式：(a)本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A与Section B，共20题。

(b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由10个对话组成，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。

2024全国博士英语考试大纲

2024全国博士英语考试大纲The 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. Designed to assess proficiency in English language skills at the doctoral level, the syllabus outlines the key areas of focus and the types of tasks that candidates can expect to encounter. 。

The examination covers four main components: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, and Translation. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of language proficiency, including understanding, analysis, synthesis, and expression.Listening Comprehension tests candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a variety of recordings, including lectures, discussions, and presentations, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension of the content, main ideas, supporting details, and speaker's attitude or opinion.Reading Comprehension assesses candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will encounter a range of text types, such as academic articles, reports, essays, and literary passages. They will be required to demonstrate their comprehension of the texts by answering questions that test their understanding of main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary, inference, and rhetorical devices.The Writing component evaluates candidates' ability to produce coherent and well-organized written English. Candidates will be presented with prompts or topics and asked to write essays, reports, or other text types. They will need to demonstrate their ability to generate and develop ideas, organize information logically, use appropriate language and style, and support their arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Translation tests candidates' ability to accurately translate English texts into Chinese and vice versa. Candidates will be required to translate passages that cover a range oftopics and genres, including academic, scientific, technical, and literary texts. They will need to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, as well as their ability to convey the original meaning and tone of the text.Overall, the 2024 National Doctoral English Examination Syllabus provides a clear outline of the expectations and requirements for candidates preparing to take the exam. By familiarizing themselves with the content and format of the exam, candidates can better prepare and improve their chances of success.。

全国医学博士英语统一考试大纲

全国医学博士英语统一考试大纲The National Medical Doctoral English Unified Examination (NMDEUE) is a standardized test designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of medical doctoral candidates across China. This examination is a critical requirement in the process of obtaining a medical doctorate in China. The NMDEUE ensures that medical doctoral students have the linguistic skills necessary to understand and communicate with the global medical community.Section 1: Listening Comprehension (40 minutes)The Listening Comprehension section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to comprehend spoken English through a series of multiple-choice questions. The examination tests students' ability to identify specific information, extract the main ideas, and infer attitudinal and contextual meanings of audio clips, dialogues, and longer passages. This section tests listening proficiency in different contexts, including academic and everyday life situations, such as medical conferences, patient interviews, discussions with colleagues, and medical instructions.Section 2: Reading Comprehension (75 minutes)The Reading Comprehension section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to comprehend written English through a series of multiple-choice questions. This section of the exam tests the candidate's ability to identify specific information, extract the main ideas, and infer contextual meaning from articles and academic papers related to medical science. Candidates will be required to read and answer multiple-choice questions based on academic readings such as medical journal articles, pharmacology texts, andpatient histories.Section 3: Writing Skills (85 minutes)The Writing Skills section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to convey complex medical information in English. Candidates will be required to write a summary, a critique, and a response to a scientific article. This section of the exam tests students' ability to express medical language in a clear, concise, and accurate manner. This section evaluates the student's ability to use appropriate medical terminology, grammar, and syntax in written English. The writing tasks will be based on medical topics drawn from the core syllabus of the medical doctorate program. Section 4: Speaking Skills (20 minutes)The Speaking Skills section of the NMDEUE measures a candidate's ability to articulate complex medical concepts in spoken English. Candidates will be required to answer a series of open-ended questions related to medical science. This section of the exam will test the student's ability to use appropriate medical terminology, grammar, and syntax in spoken English while demonstrating appropriate pronunciation, intonation, and stress. The Speaking Skills section evaluates the student's ability to communicate effectively in academic and professional medical settings.ConclusionThe NMDEUE is an essential component of the medical doctoral program in China. It is a standardized test designed to evaluate a candidate's proficiency in English across the domains of listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing skills, andspeaking skills. The examination ensures that medical doctoral students in China have the linguistic skills necessary to communicate effectively on a global level. By meeting the criteria set by the NMDEUE, medical doctoral candidates are equipped with the necessary tools to pursue a successful career in the highly competitive medical industry.The NMDEUE is a demanding examination that requires thorough preparation and a high degree of language proficiency. Candidates who intend to take this exam must have a strong foundation in English grammar, vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation. They must also be familiar with the medical terminology that is used in English-speaking countries.The Listening Comprehension section of the NMDEUE requires candidates to have good listening skills and the ability to identify specific information in a variety of spoken contexts. To prepare for this section, candidates are advised to listen to English-language podcasts, watch English movies or TV shows, and practice taking notes while listening to lectures. It is also helpful to familiarize oneself with various accents and dialects used in English-speaking countries.The Reading Comprehension section of the NMDEUE demands extensive reading comprehension skills and the ability to extract main ideas and critical details from academic papers and articles. Candidates should practice reading medical journals and textbooks in English and learn to annotate and summarize what they have read. They should also study different types of texts, such as scientific articles, case studies, and patient histories.The Writing Skills section of the NMDEUE is a comprehensiveevaluation of a candidate's writing skills. Candidates must be able to write clear and concise sentences, use appropriate medical terminology and syntax, and structure their writing effectively. In preparation, candidates should study different types of writing, including summaries, critiques, and responses to scientific articles. They should also practice organizing their writing and using cohesive and coherent language.The Speaking Skills section of the NMDEUE requires candidates to express themselves clearly, confidently, and effectively in spoken English. To prepare, candidates should practice speaking in English in various contexts, such as medical conferences, patient interviews, and interactions with colleagues. They should also learn how to use appropriate intonation, stress, and pronunciation when communicating in English.In addition to language proficiency, the NMDEUE evaluates a candidate's ability to apply medical knowledge in English. Therefore, candidates must have a deep understanding of medical terminology and concepts. They must be familiar with the core syllabus of the medical doctoral program and have a good grasp of medical sciences, including anatomy, pharmacology, and pathology. They should also be familiar with current trends in medical research and be able to discuss key issues in medical ethics and practice.ConclusionThe NMDEUE is a rigorous examination that evaluates a candidate's language proficiency and knowledge of medicalsciences. It is an essential requirement in the medical doctoral program in China, and passing this examination is crucial for obtaining a medical doctoral degree and pursuing a successful career in the global medical industry.To achieve success in the NMDEUE, candidates must prepare thoroughly and systematically. They should study and practice all four sections of the exam, including listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing skills, and speaking skills. They should also focus on improving their language proficiency by reading and listening to English-language materials, practicing writing and speaking in English, and building their medical knowledge through systematic study and research.Overall, the NMDEUE is a challenging but rewarding examination that tests a candidate's ability to communicate effectively in English and apply medical knowledge in a global context. By passing the NMDEUE, medical doctoral candidates in China can demonstrate their language proficiency and readiness to excel in the dynamic and competitive field of medicine.。

东华大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

东华大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲东华大学博士研究生入学英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置，属选拔考试。

根据国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》的规定：博士生入学时英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生毕业时应达到的水平，本考试以《大学英语教学大纲（文理科用）》中对大学英语六级水平的具体要求为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度的教材和硕士毕业生应达到的英语水平要求，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作及翻译等方面的语言应用能力，择优选拔，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平和应用能力。

一、评价目标要求考生掌握下列语言知识和技能：二、考试形式考试形式为笔试，时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

整份试卷包括试题集和答题纸两部份。

考生应将试题集Paper One 部分的1 –80题的答案按要求用2B铅笔做在答题纸上，将Paper Two 部分的翻译和写作用蓝、黑色钢笔或水笔字迹工整地写在相应的答题纸上。

三、试卷结构和内容试题集有两部分构成：Paper One 为客观题，共四大项80题（占总分75%），包括词汇和句子结构（10%），辨错（10%），阅读（45%）和完形填空（10%）；Paper Two 为主观题，共二大项，（占总分25%），包括翻译（汉译英10%）和写作（15%）。

第一部分词汇（10%）由20题组成（20题x 0.5分）。

词汇题主要测试考生所掌握的词汇水平和运用词汇的能力。

按原国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士英语教学大纲》明确的定性和定量要求的规定，硕士生毕业时应理解性地掌握大约6000个英语常用词（组）。

第二部分辨错并改错（10%）由10题组成（10题x 1分)。

主要测试考生掌握并正确运用语言的能力。

考查的重点语法项目是：制约句子逻辑关系的连词和关系词；体现句子行为者主语其情感、意图、行为、判断的动词的时态、语态、情态动词和虚拟语气；使句子变得多姿多彩的非谓语动词、省略和倒装。

第三部分完形填空（10%）该部分为一篇240-280的文章，题材包括科技，经济，文化，教育，社会生活，人物传记等。

2024年全国博士英语考试大纲

2024年全国博士英语考试大纲In 2024, the National English Doctoral Examination in China will continue to assess candidates' proficiency in English language skills, academic writing, critical thinking, and research abilities. The exam aims to evaluate candidates' readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields and their potential to contribute to academic research and scholarship.The exam consists of four sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and speaking. Each section is designed to test different aspects of the candidates' English language abilities. The listening comprehension section assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional contexts. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings and answer questions based on the content of the recordings.The reading comprehension section evaluates candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English texts. Candidates will read a variety of academic articles, essays, and reports, and answer questions that test their comprehension, interpretation, and critical thinking skills. This section also assesses candidates' ability to synthesize information from multiple sources and form coherent arguments.The writing section requires candidates to demonstrate their academic writing skills by completing a series of tasks, such as writing essays, research proposals, and literature reviews. Candidates are expected to present well-structured arguments, support their claims with evidence and examples, and demonstrate a strong command of academic English vocabulary and grammar.The speaking section assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in English. Candidates will participate in a series of speaking tasks, such as giving presentations, participating in group discussions, and responding to interview questions. This section evaluates candidates' fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and ability to express ideas clearly and coherently.Overall, the National English Doctoral Examination in 2024 aims to evaluate candidates' English language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and readiness for doctoral studies in English-related fields. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills, familiarizing themselves with academic English texts, and honing their analytical and research abilities. Success in the exam will not only demonstrate candidates' academic potential but also pave the way for their future academic and professional success in English-related fields.。

博士学位英语考试大纲

9. A. Jack has to meet a tight deadline. B. Jack has completed his assignment C. Jack got himself burnt last night. D. Professor David is a pleasant figure.
8. A. The woman argued for her innocence at court. B. The woman complained that she was forced to pay the fine. C. The woman has got away with many violations of traffic law. D. The woman pleaded ignorance this time of her violation of the traffic law.
5. A. He forgot to mail the letter. B. He left the letter in his office. C. The letter slipped off his desk. D. He should have put the letter in his bag.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on a talk about the concept of community.
You now have 30 seconds to read Questions 11 to 15.
11. A village, or town, or ____________ can be called an area of social life. 12. The speaker states that it is ____________ that people in a community should

2024年医学考博英语统考大纲

2024年医学考博英语统考大纲2024 Medical Doctoral Program English Exam OutlineIntroduction:The Medical Doctoral Program aims to cultivate high-quality medical professionals with solid theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The English exam is an essential part of the admissions process, testing candidates' language proficiency and ability to comprehend medical-related content. The following outline details the topics and format of the 2024 Medical Doctoral Program English exam.I. Reading Comprehension (50%)1. General Medical KnowledgeCandidates will be required to read a series of passages related to various medical fields, such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. Questions will test candidates' understanding of key concepts, terminology, and scientific principles.2. Clinical CasesCandidates will be presented with clinical cases, including patient histories, symptoms, and diagnostic results. Questionswill assess candidates' ability to analyze and interpret medical information, identify potential diagnoses, and propose appropriate treatment plans.3. Medical ResearchCandidates will read research articles and studies on current medical topics and advancements. Questions will evaluate candidates' comprehension of research methods, data analysis, and interpretation of results.II. Listening Comprehension (20%)1. Medical LecturesCandidates will listen to recorded medical lectures on various topics, such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics. Questions will test candidates' ability to grasp key points, identify important information, and summarize complex medical concepts.2. Doctor-Patient DialoguesCandidates will listen to simulated doctor-patient dialogues, focusing on patient interviews, symptom descriptions, and treatment discussions. Questions will assess candidates' listening skills, as well as their ability to empathize with patients and communicate effectively in medical settings.III. Writing (30%)1. Medical EssayCandidates will be required to write an essay on a given medical topic, expressing their opinions and analysis in a clear and concise manner. Topics may cover issues such as medical ethics, healthcare policies, patient care, and medical education.2. Case AnalysisCandidates will analyze a clinical case study, including patient information, symptoms, and treatment options. Candidates must provide a detailed analysis of the case, offer a differential diagnosis, and propose a course of action based on evidence-based medicine.3. Research ProposalCandidates will develop a research proposal on a specific medical topic, outlining the study objectives, methodology, data collection, analysis plan, and potential implications for clinical practice. Candidates must demonstrate their ability to design and conduct research in a rigorous and ethical manner.Conclusion:The 2024 Medical Doctoral Program English exam aims to assess candidates' language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and readiness for advanced medical studies. By testing candidates' understanding of medical concepts, communication skills, and analytical abilities, the exam ensures that only highly qualified candidates are admitted to the program. Candidates who excel in the exam will have the opportunity to pursue their passion for medicine and contribute to the advancement of healthcare worldwide.。

(完整版)博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

福州大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考查目标本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不指定任何参考书）。

具体要求如下：1. 词汇要求考生掌握约5000个英语词汇和约500个常用词组。

此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

2．语法要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。

3．阅读要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。

要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。

4．语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。

5．翻译（1）英译汉要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。

（2）汉译英要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。

要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。

6．写作要求考生能根据命题或图表等在30分钟内写出一篇200字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出200字以上的英文摘要。

写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。

所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。

二、题型、题量、分值本考试所制定的试卷为笔试，卷面分为试卷一和试卷二，共有五个部分，包括词汇与语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

全国医学博士外语统一考试大纲

全国医学博士外语统一考试大纲全国医学博士外语统一考试（Medical Doctoral English Test，简称MDET）是一个面向医学博士研究生的外语考试，旨在考查学生在医学领域中的英语水平，包括听、说、读、写四部分。

本文将介绍MDET的大纲，并为考生提供参考内容。

一、考试形式MDET分为英语听力、英语口语、英语阅读和英语写作4个部分，总计120分。

具体形式如下：1.英语听力（30分）：共有三个部分，第一部分是听取3个独立的短篇对话，每篇对话后有一个问题；第二部分是听取2个长篇对话或独白，并回答几个问题；第三部分是听取1篇较长的讲座并回答问题。

2.英语口语（30分）：由两个部分组成。

第一部分是就一个给定的话题进行发言；第二部分是就一个给定的问题进行讨论。

3.英语阅读（30分）：共有三个部分，第一部分是五个题目的单项选择题；第二部分是四个题目的多项选择题；第三部分是一篇文章，需回答一些问题。

4.英语写作（30分）：需完成一篇约350个单词的论文作文。

二、考试内容MDET的考试内容主要涉及基础医学、临床医学和医学相关领域的知识。

以下是考试常见的考点和题型：1.医学专业词汇：如anatomy解剖学、physiology生理学、pharmacology药理学、pathology病理学等。

2.医学研究方法：如实验设计、统计分析方法、文献查阅等。

3.医学科研进展：如新医疗技术、新型疾病、新药研发等。

4.临床实践：如病例分析、病史记录、医嘱书写等。

考生需要掌握医学领域的核心知识和术语，并能够运用英语进行专业交流和写作。

三、考试参考内容考生可根据考试大纲的内容，准备以下参考内容：1.医学类英语词汇疾病：diabetes糖尿病、cancer癌症、hypertension高血压、influenza流感、pneumonia肺炎、arthritis关节炎药物：antibiotics抗生素、antidepressants抗抑郁药、painkillers 止痛药、sedatives镇静剂、hypnotics催眠药医学专业词汇：anatomy解剖学、physiology生理学、pharmacology药理学、cardiology心血管病学、neurology神经病学2.医学文献阅读熟悉医学论文的阅读方法及常用的医学期刊，如New England Journal of Medicine、JAMA（Journal of American Medical Association）、Lancet等。

湖北省博士研究生入学考试英语联考大纲

湖北省博士研究生入学考试（非英语专业）英语联合考试大纲（修订版）（2013年修订）作者：研究生院Ⅰ 考试性质湖北省博士研究生入学考试（非英语专业）英语联合考试，由湖北省部分博士研究生招生单位联合创办、湖北省教育考试院承办，它通过为我省高等学校、科研院所招收博士研究生提供英语科目的入学水平测试，检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段所需的英语水平和英语应用能力，为各高等学校、科研院所选拔优秀人才服务。

因此，该考试应有较高的考试效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

本项考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。

Ⅱ 考试内容和要求根据博士研究生招生单位对招收新生文化素质的要求，参照各博士招生单位制定的培养方案，并考虑研究生教育的实际，制订本学科的考试内容。

本考试共分五个部分：阅读理解（40 %）、完形填空（10 %）、英译汉（15 %）、汉译英（10%）、写作（25 %）。

听力和口语可放在复试中进行。

第一部分阅读理解（Part I Reading Comprehension）阅读理解部分主要测试考生在规定的时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定的速度。

本部分主要测试下述能力：1. 掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和有关细节；2. 对所读材料的内容进行正确的判断和推理；3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系理解某些词和句子的意义；4. 领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度。

阅读材料的选择原则：1. 题材广泛，可以包括社会、文化、科普知识、史地、人物传记等。

所涉及的背景知识应能为考生所了解；2. 体裁多样，可包括叙事、议论、描述、说明、应用文等；3.文章应有一定的难度。

共20题，每小题2分，总计40分。

阅读五篇文章，阅读量为2300-2500个单词。

每篇文章后有4道选择题，共计20题。

考生应根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

第二部分完形填空（Part II Cloze）完形填空部分主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。

山东大学-2015-博士-英语大纲

一、考试目的全面考查考生从事学术研究所需要的英语语言综合运用的能力。

二、考试性质与范围标准参照性考试。

考试范围包括读、写、译等方面。

三、考试形式为了有效地考核考生英语语言的综合应用能力及运用语言进行有效交际的能力，试题设计既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性，同时注意考试的可行性。

采用多种试题形式，以保证考试的效度和信度。

四、考试内容试题由六个部分组成：语法与词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、语言运用、英译汉、写作。

各部分详细说明如下：（一）语法与词汇(Grammar and Vocabulary) (15 points)1. 测试要求(a)掌握并能正确运用从事学术研究与交流所需要的语法知识。

(b)认知15,000 词，并且能正确、熟练地运用其中的8,000 个单词及其最基本的搭配。

2. 测试目的测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法概念的熟练程度。

（二）完形填空（Close）（10 points）1. 测试要求完形填空是指在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求考生在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。

它既考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查考生对短文的阅读理解能力。

其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。

2. 测试目的完型填空部分的目的是测试考生综合运用语言的能力。

（三）阅读理解(Reading Comprehension) (30 points)1. 测试要求(a)能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实和细节。

(b)能理解字面意义和隐含意义。

(c)能根据所读材料进行判断和推理。

(d)能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。

2. 测试目的阅读理解部分测试考生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考核考生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。

既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。

在职博士英语考试大纲

在职博士英语考试大纲迅速发展的经济带来越来越重的经济压力，很多在职人员通过提升自己已获得更高的薪资，博士学位作为最高的学历，在职博士首当其冲成为首选，而当再一次面对英语考试，更多的是陌生和迷茫，国家统一考试规定的具体内容是什么呢?下面就为大家介绍一下在职博士英语考试大纲。

考试对象：报考开设在职博士专业所属院校拟攻读博士学位的考生(全国统一试题)。

考试目的：检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。

考试共有五个部分：词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(占40%)、英译汉占(15%)，写作(占20%)。

试卷分为：客观试题，包括前三个部分，共75题，顺序排号;主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。

一、词汇：主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。

词和词组的测试范围基本以考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。

共20题。

每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。

要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。

二、完形填空：主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。

考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。

要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

三、阅读理解：本部分共分两节。

要求考生能：1)掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节;2)进行相关的判断和推理;3)准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义;4)领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。

A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。

考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。

考生须完成700-900词的阅读量(2篇短文)，并根据每篇文章(约400词)的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

四、英译汉：要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲本考试对教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。

一、评价目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1．语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2．词汇考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。

(二)语言技能1．阅读考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。

根据所读材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义；2)理解文中的具体信息；3)理解文中的概念性含义；4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8)区分论点和论据。

2. 翻译(英译中)考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。

3. 写作考生应能正确使用4－5千英语词汇，熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法；应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。

短文写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式，做到行文流畅，词汇丰富，句式变化；3)合理组织文章结构，使其中心突出，内容统一、上下文连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。

二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

笔试考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

(二) 笔试考试内容与试卷结构笔试试题分四部分，包括词汇, 阅读理解, 翻译(英译中)和写作。

第一部分词汇该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

主要测试考生的词汇量。

要求考生根据所给的题目，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，或填空。