美国文学史及作品选读(级)PPT
美国文学史PPT课件
present 1)modernism; 2)postmodernism
— John Updike: “Bitter Bamboo”
What is the implication of Updike’s comment ? Do you agderstanding about American literature and culture at present?
B) Simple, fresh, direct, plain, a touch of nobility
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Periodization of American Literature Key Themes in American Literature
8
Periodization of American Literature
A General Introduction to American Literature
1
Discussions
China, experts agree, is the nation of the future […] The commercial and intellectual success its emigrants have enjoyed in nations from Malaysia to the United States all augur (预示) impending global dominance. In literature, however, the Chinese mainland, as far as Western ears go, is pretty quiet. […] Bookstores, the Times reports, are bustling, but nearly half the purchases consist of textbooks and half the translations are of American books.
外研社美国文学史及选读(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 22 Kate Chopin
Content
Chapter 21 Henry James Chapter 22 Kate Chopin Chapter 23 O. Henry Chapter 24 Theodore Dreiser Chapter 25 Jack London Chapter 26 Sherwood Anderson
CChhapatpert3er 22 Kate Chopin
Brief Comment
Although Chopin was criticized during her lifetime, she eventually became recognized as a forerunner of feminist authors of the 20th century. Her works were rediscovered during the 1970s, when scholars evaluated her works from a feminist perspective, noting Chopin’s characters’ resistance to patriarchal structures. She was raised in a largely female environment during an era of great change in America.
Chapter 22 Kate Chopin
Life and Works Brief Comment Selections Notes For Study and Discussion
CChhapatpert3er 22 Kate Chopin
Life and Works
Kate Chopin (1850–1904)
美国文学史及作品选读PPT9
2 Francis Se has been an outstanding novelist in his life time and admired by lots of people. He was once an idol signifying success, wealth, beauty and youth. However, his life was not as happy as the public imagined. He never failed to remain detached and foresee the failure and tragedy of the ―Dollar Decade‖. He is the spokesman of ―the roaring 1920s‖, ―the Jazz Age‖—―Inside he knew it well, outside he saw it ironically.‖)
◆ ―Tales of the Jazz Age‖ : a legend of ―Americans adolescence before pain set in‖ (The 1920s was called ―the Jazz Age‖ because of this book; Fitzgerald became ―the angel of the twenties‖) ◆ ―All the Sad Young Man‖ ◆ ―Taps at Reveille‖
2.1 Works
● Novels
◆ ―This Side of Paradise (life in Princeton, frustration of young men): representing the triumph of matter over form
美国文学史及作品选读PPT7
◆ The profound portrait of Huck Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature. Huck’s inner struggle and growing opposition to slavery are the most interesting parts of the book. Huck is polarized by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head, between his affection for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help salves escape. He is tortured between traditional values and his own sense of good and evil. With the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness, Huck grows.
● Life on the Mississippi (River) (1883), telling a story of Twain’s boyhood ambition to become a riverboat pilot ● The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), Twain’s masterwork, the milestone in American literature, marking the climax of Twain’s literary creativity, from which “all American literature comes” (Hemingway)
美国文学史及作品选读PPT 11
◆ Strange Interlude (1926-27) : for which O’Neill received Pulitzer
● From 1905 to 1925 George Pierce Baker’s (1866-1935) theatrical laboratory produced experimental play by such students as Eugene O’Neill, Philip Barry, Samuel Nathaniel Behrman, Sidney Howard, Thomas Wolfe, and John Dos Passos.
◆ Anna Christie (1920) : for which O’Neill received Pulitzer Prize in 1922 ◆ The Emperor Jones (1920) : staged by
the Provincetown Playhouse, bringing
● The Hairy Ape (P286)
◆ It concerns the problem of modern man’s sense of “belonging.” ◆ A stoker on a luxury liner, “Yank” by name, is happy with life until the day when he is forced to realize that he does not “belong” anywhere. ◆ He is disconcerted, becomes violent, and is even rejected by the radical workers. In his quest for self-identity, he wanders to the zoo where he finds affinity with the great ape there. ◆ But Yank had a pathetic realization that he even does not quite belong among the hairy apes after he was wrapped by the great ape. ◆ He dies, without ever finding his place of “belonging.” The general feeling is one of total despair: Man is rootless in an indifferent and impersonal universe.
美国文学史总结PPT课件
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
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Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
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美国文学史及作品选读PPT5
Whitman’s great work: Leaves of Grass
(Marking the birth of true American poetry) ● Went through 9 editions: 1855, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1889, 1891-92.
Discussion of Dickinson’s Poem “Success Is Counted Sweetest”
◆ Who are “the purple host”? ◆ Who is “he” in the last stanza?
◆ Why is success “counted sweetest by those who never succeed”?
Whitman’s Poetics
● Whitman’s poetic style is marked, first of all, by the use of the poetic “I” (usually a triangular relationship: “I” the poet, subject in the poem and “you” the reader. ● Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. What he prefers is “free verse”.
Whitman has been compared to a mountain in American literary history.
His innovations in diction and versification, his frankness about sex, his inclusion of the commonplace and the ugly and his censure of the weakness of the American democratic practice paved his way to a share of immortality in American Literature.
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 1 John Smith
CChhapatpert3er 1 John Smith
Brief Comment
Smith was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author.
Smith played an equally important role as a cartographer and a prolific writer who vividly depicted the natural abundance of the New World, whetting the colonizing appetite of prospective English settlers.
He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, in the early 17th century.
Thank you
《高级汉英笔译教程》教学示范
Content
Part I The Literature of Colonial America
Introduction Chapter 1 John Smith Chapter 2 Anne Bradstreet Chapter 3 Edward Taylor
Chapter 1 John Smith
美国文学史及选读 ppt课件
sermons, history (personal literature) c. style: simple. direct, concise d. out of humble origins
With regard to technique one naturally thinks of the simplicity which characterizes the Puritan style of writing.
John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 小虫小物尚扬声，难道吾便如哑子。
2. John Calvin a. predestination b. original sin and totated few
3. practical , optimistic， idealistic 4. a doctrinaire opportunist
The American Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly important in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
The Literature of Colonial America
Historical Introduction
1. colonial settlement(1607-1776) In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered
【文学课件】美国文学史及选读
备课本教研室：文学教研室课程名称：美国文学史及选读任课教师：**德州学院外语系美国文学史及选读课程的教育目标：通过教学,使学生掌握美国文学的发展史及各阶段具有代表性的主要作家及其作品的主要特色，具备一定的分析鉴赏英语文学作品的能力,帮助培养学生的英语思维能力,提高英语整体水平。
课程的基本要求：要求学生有目的、较系统地了解和掌握美国文学的发展史及各阶段具有代表性的主要作家及其作品的主要特色。
课程的重点与难点：对具有代表性的作家的评价，对著名的美国小说和诗歌的分析、鉴赏及评价。
主要参考书目《美国文学简史》（第二版）常耀信南开大学出版社2004《美国文学选读》李宜燮南开大学出版社2000《牛津文学术语辞典》上海外语教育出版社2000《美国文学大纲》吴定柏上海外语教育出版社1998Introduction1.教学的目的和要求：简述美国文学史，包括美国文学史的5个主要阶段，每个阶段的起止时间，主要特点及代表作家，要求学生了解美国文学史概况2.教学重点：美国文学史的五个阶段及起止时间3.教学难点：各个阶段的主要特点4.教学内容Am literature is one lf the youngest national literature in the world. It became a colony of Britain in the early 17th century. And the American Independence War stretched from 1776 to 1783. The short history can be divided into several stages:• 1.the colonial period•It stretched roughly from the settlement of Am in the early 17th C through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607.(A group of people was sent by the English king James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607.They named the James River and build the James town.) Here the major topic will be about Am Puritanism .• 2.the Romantic Period•It covers the first half of the 19th C, which is a period following the national political independence. Around 1840s arose the culmination of the RomanticPeriod---New England Transcendentalism(1836-1855) .• 3.the Age of Realism•It was after the civil war (1861-1865) till the end of the 19th century, covering the latter half of the 19th C. The civil war brought the Romantic period to an end.4.Naturalism(the last decade of the 19th c)•In the last decade of the 19thc, the age of naturalism came into being. Naturalists saw man’s life as governed by two forces---- heredity & environment.5.Modernism•In the decade of the 1920s,there came the age of modernism. (here are many eminent writers in this period, such as T.S Eliot, Earnest Hemingway, William Faulkner, etc.)6.思考题：简介美国文学史Chapter I Literature of Colonial America1.教学的目的和要求：介绍对美国文学及美国文化影响重大的清教主义，要求学生理解清教主义的教义，掌握清教主义对美国文学的影响，，殖民时代的主要作家及启蒙时代的特点2.教学重点：清教主义对美国文学的影响3.教学难点：清教主义的教义，爱德华兹和富兰克林各自的哲学思想4.教学内容•I American Puritanism1.origin of PuritanIn the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th C, the English King Henry VIII(At that time ,the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope’s permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn’t bear him a son. But the Pope didn’t allow him to divorce because his wife is the Pope’s niece. Henry VIII became very dissatisfied with the Pope, so he )broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of England. But there was no radical difference between the doctrines of theChurch of England and the Catholic Church. A group of people thought the Church of England was too Catholic and wanted to purify the church. Then came the name Puritans…Of course they had different religious belief from that of the Catholic Church.2.Puritanism---based on Calvinism•1)predestination: God’s electPuritans believed they are predestined before they were born.Nothing or no good work can change their fate.They believed the success of one’s business is the sign to show he is the God’s elect. So the Puritans works very hard, spend very little and invest more for the future business. They lived a very frugal life. This is their ethics.•2)original sin and total depravityMan is born sinful. This determine some puritans pessimisitic attitude toward life. •3)limited atonement (the salvation of a selected few)•4)theocracyThey combined state with religion. Their government is at least not a liberal one. •(The Puritans established Am tradition---intolerant moralism. They strictly punished drunks, adultery & heretics.Puritans changed gradually due to the severity of frontier environment.Puritannism & ConfucianismConfucianism (修身齐家治国平天下) )3.Influence on Am literature•1)its optimismAmerican literature was from the outset conditioned by the Puritan heritage. It can be said American literature is bases on the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden.(Adam and Eve used to live a carefree life in the Garden of Eden. lured by the snake, they atethe Forbidden Fruit in the apple tree. A peice of apple choked in Adam’s throat , then came Adam’s apple. After knowing the truth, God became very angry and drove them all out of the Garden of Eden. The snake used to walk like man but after that the God force him to crawl. Then man was forced to suffer the labor to keep the whole family and Woman was forced to suffer the agony of baby bearing.) After that, man have an illusion to restore the paradise. The puritans, after arriving at America, believeing that God must have sent them to this new land to restore the lost paradise , to build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. Fired with such a strong sense of mission, they treated life with a tremendous amount of optimism. The optimistic Puritans has exerted a great influence on American literature,•2)Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception changed gradually into a literary symbolismII Colonial LiteratureAmerican colonial literature is neither real literature nor Americanwhy?1.Diaries,histories,journals,letters,etc. personal literature in various forms2.Colonial Literature is mainly English literature tradition imitated & transplanted. Anne BradstreetEdward TaylorThey can be called servants of God. Their writings served either God or colonial expansion.Some other colonial writers wrote for civil and religious freedom, and some wrote for America shaking off the fetters of the savage British colonial rule.Roger WilliamsJohn WoolmanThomas PaineOne of most important American prose writers of the 18th Century. He wrote a number of revolutionary works to attack British colonial rule. 1776, he wrote “Common Sense”, which greatly encouraged the painfully fighting people.After the war, he participated in the French Revolution and wrote“The Rights of Man” and “The Age of Reason” to spread the ideals of the French revolution among the people.Philip FreneauHe is the most important poet of the 18th Century, a notable representative of dawning nationalism in American literature.“The Rising Gl ory of America” is a good example.He is the transitional role b/w the neoclassism of the 18th C and the Romanticism of the 19th C. This is clearly manifested in his “The Indian burying Ground” and “The Wild Honey Suckle”III Edwards and Franklin—two representatives of the age of Enlightenment(of the 18th Century)•(The 18th C Am history witnessed two great revolutions: one was Am IndependenceWar, the other was Enlightenment. Enlightenment was several decades earlier than the Revolution, and it helped paved the path for the Independence war in people’s war. (P.28))i.Background: the age of Enlightenment•Toward the latter part of the 17th century, with Newton’s laws of motion and the idea of gravity, a completely new view of the universe came into being. In the minds of some thinking people, the universe became something mechanical subject to certain physical laws instead of to the supervision of God. This brought about a whole set of new ideas, among which was deism（自然神论）。
美国文学选读03PPT课件
Mrs. Bradstreet's work also serves as a document of
the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of
New England colonial life, and in some way is a
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3
Edith Wharton
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4
Sarah Winnemucca
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5
Kate Chopin
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6Americຫໍສະໝຸດ n Women WritersFor 19th-century women, writing for publication was intruding into the hitherto masculine world of letters. Many women writers remained outside or on the margins of the literary marketplace, especially during their lifetimes. Many wrote under pseudonyms笔名 or anonymously. But others became prominent writers in mid-19th-century America.
The Voice of American Women:
An Overview of American Women Writers
The Voice of American Women
Hannah Adams Anne C. Lynch Botta Julia A. Dyson Elizabeth M. Chandler
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 5 Thomas Paine
CChhapatepr t3er 5 Thomas Paine
Selections
we have none to blame but ourselves. But no great deal is lost yet. All that Howe2 has been doing for this month past is rather a ravage than a conquest, which the spirit of the Jerseys3, a year ago, would have quickly repulsed, and which time and a little resolution will soon recover.
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● When he was born, his family declined. He was aware of his ancestors’ misdeeds and thus “blackness of Hawthorne” formed. He thought that the reason of his family’s decline is his ancestors’ misdeeds. And he didn’t agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature.
● Like Emerson, Hawthorne thinks that man’s eyes should pierce the veil of surfaces to discover the human nature.
● For Hawthorne, as for Emerson, external reality, nature, objects, tangible forms are merely symbols of a deeper, more inward, ultimately spiritual reality, and Hawthorne’s language, like Emerson’s, is an attempt to extract the secret meaning from reality.
● He graduated from Bowdoin College. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Mr. Pierce, the 14th American president were his classmates.
● After graduation, he lived in seclusion and wrote.
● Later, he worked in the US Custom House.
● After Pierce became president, he was asked to be the consul in Liverpool and Italy.
● The appearance of The Scarlet Letter in 1850 makes him become famous as the greatest writer then living and the first great American writer of fiction.
1.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864)
1.1 Life
● He was born in a prestigious New England family closely related with Puritan church; his ancestors attended the persecution of people belonging to different churches, such as Quakers.
Lecture 4
American Romanticism and New England Literature:
Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville
Content
Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
Teaching Objectives and Reqtics
Attitude towards Emersonian Transcendentalism Black vision of human nature Theory of Romance
Attitude towards Emersonian Transcendentalism
● But while for Emerson, the result of such a quest is nearly always positive, a joyous revelation or rather a confirmation, for Hawthorne, it is far more frequently a revelation of evil, of death in life, of the mystery and ambiguity which surround us.
1 Help the students to know about Nathaniel Hawthorne
2 Help the students to have a good understanding of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter 3 Help the students to know about Herman Melville and his Moby Dick
● For him, human beings are evil-natured and sinful and this sin and evil is ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another. His writings are to show how we are all wronged and wrongers, and avenge one another.
Black vision of human nature
● Obsessed, or haunted by the Calvinistic concept of the original sin, Hawthorne cannot look upon any aspect of reality, either human or natural, without finding the germ that corrupts and destroys.