人教版英语九年级过去完成时26页PPT文档
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过去完成时(17张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
2. She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改一般疑问） _H_a_d_s_he_s_u_ng__a _so_n_g_to_y_o_u_b_ef_o_re_s_h_e _da_n_ce_d_?__________________________________
过去的过去用过完，过去用一过
By yesterday evening he __h_a_d__w_r_it_t_en__ that letter. 到昨晚，他已写完那封信。
When I came in he _h_a_d__f_in_is_h_e_d_ his homework. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。
过去完成时 初中英语专项复习
目录
1. 过去完成时的用法 2. 过去完成时的结构 3. 过去完成时的标志词 4. 过去完成时的句型转换 5. 巩固习题
The farmers _h_a_d__p_la_n_t_e_d some tomatoes. I __a_m__e_a_ti_n_g_ a tomato. I _b_o_u_gh_t_ some tomatoes.
8. He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house. (用过去完成时连接两句) Before he _sh_o_w_ed_u_s_a_ro_u_n_d_th_e_h_ou_s_e______, he__h_a_d _sh_o_w_ed__us_t_he__pi_ct_u_re_____________.
动
②去哑巴e+ed
词 变 过
规则变化 想方设法+ed
③重读辅元辅 双写尾字母+ed
过去的过去用过完，过去用一过
By yesterday evening he __h_a_d__w_r_it_t_en__ that letter. 到昨晚，他已写完那封信。
When I came in he _h_a_d__f_in_is_h_e_d_ his homework. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。
过去完成时 初中英语专项复习
目录
1. 过去完成时的用法 2. 过去完成时的结构 3. 过去完成时的标志词 4. 过去完成时的句型转换 5. 巩固习题
The farmers _h_a_d__p_la_n_t_e_d some tomatoes. I __a_m__e_a_ti_n_g_ a tomato. I _b_o_u_gh_t_ some tomatoes.
8. He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house. (用过去完成时连接两句) Before he _sh_o_w_ed_u_s_a_ro_u_n_d_th_e_h_ou_s_e______, he__h_a_d _sh_o_w_ed__us_t_he__pi_ct_u_re_____________.
动
②去哑巴e+ed
词 变 过
规则变化 想方设法+ed
③重读辅元辅 双写尾字母+ed
过去完成时(人教版详细讲解)PPT课件
They have never been to the USA.
We have lived here for ten years.
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past perfect tense 过去完成时由had +过去分词构成 表示过去的过去 生的动作 构成方式: 肯定句: had+动词的过去分词
否定句: had not+ 过去分词
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( c )6. I learned_______ the city for a long
time. A. she has been in B. she has gone to B. C. she had been in D. she had gone to
c ( )7. He said that he _______ a cold for
一般疑问句:had+ 主语+ 过去分词
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ had.
否定回答: No, 主语+ hadn’t.
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基本用法:
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之
前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验.
(1) 我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰 而生气.
I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.
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选择填空
( c )1.--- “Did you see Tom at the party?”
---“No, Mary told me that he ___ by the time I got
there.”
过去完成时-PPT课件
2、常用在宾语从句中 ① He told me he had already finished his homework. ② I realized he had fooled me again 3、体现在上下文中 I didn’t go to the movies yesterday because I had seen it twice.
the Army.
• A. has worked
B. works
• C. had worked
D. will work
在 整 堂 课 的 教学中 ，刘教 师总是 让学生 带着问 题来学 习，而 问题的 设置具 有一定 的梯度 ，由浅 入深， 所提出 的问题 也很明 确
• 5. By the end of last week, they ___ the bridge.
By the time I got outside, the bus _h_a_d_ already _le_f_t.
在 整 堂 课 的 教学中 ，刘教 师总是 让学生 带着问 题来学 习，而 问题的 设置具 有一定 的梯度 ，由浅 入深， 所提出 的问题 也很明 确
When I got to school, I realized I h_a_d_ l_e_f_t my backpack at home.
By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.
她出去的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time… 到……的时候为止 后接过去时的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态。
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
初中英语人教新目标九年级全一册Grammar过去完成时(详细讲解)课件
go to the 表先）后
Hale Waihona Puke moviesyesterday
because
I
_____h_a_d__s（eesnee）it
5f67o...BrBIytrywettahehlenieztteeyidmnydheeeaoI_rfgs_o.lha（_tsa_ut_dpy_,ef_oma_or_,yl）e（tshdisef表toewo延rol_）r_续k_me_re_s__a__g__a__ihn__.a__（d_(w_w_a（oshrk)wa表eoldl）r先tkh）e后cinlotthheesfactory
表示（在过去某一时间或动作）之前已经完成的动作或者存 在的状态。 他表示的时间是“过去的过去 ”。它是一种相对 于一般过去式的时态，没有一般过去式，就没有过去完成时。 过去完成时常与 when, before, by the time，by the end of 等引导 的时间状语连用.
先发生 过去的过去
hadn’t seen
根据上下文意思
过去完成时的构成
肯定式：had+动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't+动词的过去分词 一般疑问式：Had+主语+动词的过去分词...? 简略回答: Yes, 主+had.
No, 主+hadn't. 特殊疑问式：疑问词+had+主语+过去分词...?
肯定式： By the time I got to school, the bell had rung. 否定式： By the time I got to school, the bell_h_a_d_n_’_t _r_u_n_g_. 一般疑问句： Had the bell rung by the time I got to school? 简略回答：Yes, it had. No, it hadn’t.
过去完成时-英语语法课件
过去完成时的疑问句 一般疑问句句型：Had + 主语 + 过去分词...? 回答方式： Yes，主语 + had. / No，主语 + had + not.
过去完成时的疑问句是将助动词had置于主语之前（大写had的第一个字母），在句尾 加问号；这种语序是倒装语序：
I visited the museum yesterday. —Had you visited it before? —Yes，I had./No，I hadn’t. 昨天我参观了这个博物馆。 ——你以前参观过这个博物馆吗? ——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。
过去完成时的肯定句 句型：主语 + had + 过去分词...
过去完成时的肯定句由助动词had加过去分词构成：
He had already been to New York earlier in the week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 Jane had just left when you rang. 你打电话时简刚走。
这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例句： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现 的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树了。
过去完成时课件
表示过去的某个动作或状态在过去的某个时间之前已经成为现实，例如“When I arrived at the airport, I had already missed my flight.”
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CATALOGUE
过去完成时的语境
在什么情况下使用过去完成时
在描述过去的某个时间点之前已 经完成的动作时使用过去完成时
语境不同
过去完成时通常用于描述过去的某个时间点之前的情况，而现在完成时则用于 描述当前的情况或对现在的影响。
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
动作完成时间点不同
过去完成时表示动作在过去的某个时 间点之前已经完成，而一般过去时则 表示动作在过去的某个时间点发生。
语境不同
过去完成时通常用于描述过去的某个 时间点之前的情况，而一般过去时则 用于描述过去的某个具体事件或行为 。
。
在表示过去的某个动作对另一个 过去的动作产生了影响时使用过
去完成时。
在描述过去的某个时间点之前已 经存在的状态时使用过去完成时
。
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时间点不同
过去完成时描述的是过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，而 现在完成时则描述的是从过去到现在为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
过去完成时的基本结构
基本结构为“had+过去分词”，例 如“I had finished my homework before my mother came home.”
过去完成时的否定形式为“had not+ 过去分词”，例如“I had not finished my homework by the time my mother came home.”
bed.
答案
02
CATALOGUE
过去完成时的语境
在什么情况下使用过去完成时
在描述过去的某个时间点之前已 经完成的动作时使用过去完成时
语境不同
过去完成时通常用于描述过去的某个时间点之前的情况，而现在完成时则用于 描述当前的情况或对现在的影响。
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
动作完成时间点不同
过去完成时表示动作在过去的某个时 间点之前已经完成，而一般过去时则 表示动作在过去的某个时间点发生。
语境不同
过去完成时通常用于描述过去的某个 时间点之前的情况，而一般过去时则 用于描述过去的某个具体事件或行为 。
。
在表示过去的某个动作对另一个 过去的动作产生了影响时使用过
去完成时。
在描述过去的某个时间点之前已 经存在的状态时使用过去完成时
。
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时间点不同
过去完成时描述的是过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，而 现在完成时则描述的是从过去到现在为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
过去完成时的基本结构
基本结构为“had+过去分词”，例 如“I had finished my homework before my mother came home.”
过去完成时的否定形式为“had not+ 过去分词”，例如“I had not finished my homework by the time my mother came home.”
bed.
答案
初中英语-过去完成时讲解ppt (共16张PPT)
The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时
3. 常用的几种方式: 用介词by, before 等构成的时间短语.
We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.
用连词when, before, after或者短语by the time 引导的时间状语从句.
already gone home.
THANK YOU
9.I h_a_d_n’_t_u_n_de_r_st_oo_d_____ the problem when class was over. (not understand)
口语练习
1.a.I got up. My brother was in the shower already. b.By the time I got up,my brother _h_a_d__g_o_t_t_e_n__ in the shower already.
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up , my brother had left home.
1. 否定形式：had + not + 过去分词 (had not照样可缩写hadn't)。 2.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，
4. One of the men didn’t move, because he _h_a_d__b_r_o_k_e_n (break) his legs.
5.By yesterday evening he _ha_d__w_ri_t_te_n_______ that important letter.(write)
初中过去完成时ppt
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(一)有时间状语提示类：
(1)by+过去时间：e.g. by the time…(在…时之前), by the end of …(在…结束/末之前), by then(截止到那时);
(2)up to/till(直到)+过去时间： e.g. up till then (直到那时)等。
1. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。
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本课重点： ·动词过去分词规则极不规则变化 ·过去完成时用法
·有时间状语提示词 ·无时间状语提示词 ·过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 ·过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
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过去分词的构成： 过去完成时的构成：由助动词 1. 规则动词的变化： had + 动词的过去分词（done)
a) 一般情况下在动词后面加 ed work ------ worked play -------- played
He said that he ___h_a_d__r_ea_d_____ (read) this book.
2. 她怀疑她是否通过了体育测试。
She wondered if she __h__a_d__p_a_s_se_d___ （pass） the PE test.
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3. 我听说Justin Bieber已经有过两个女朋友了。
stop ---- stopped drop ------- dropped
2. 不规则动词的变化见课本 附录
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构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分 词（done)
用法：
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某 一过去动作之前完成的动作或状态,即“过 去的过去”。
过去完成时(21张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
过去完成时 此处的情境强调“我到达车站时，公交车 已经离开”，即表示“公交离开”的动作 发生在“到达车站”之前，即“过去的过 去”，故用过去完成时。
Think and say
过去的 过去
过去
now
在…之前
过去的过去用过去 完成时，结构： had+过去分词
By the time she g_o_t_u__p___________, somebogdoytthebandat_h_ro__o_m_.______in the
一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋过去分词…？ (Yes, 主语＋had. / No, 主语＋hadn’t.)
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？
过去完成时的用法 过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时 把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。 When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
看电影是在她说之前做的。
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
2. 由“过去的过去”判定
(2) 状语从句 : 在时间、条件、 原因、 方式等状语从句中， 主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
Think and say
过去的 过去
过去
now
在…之前
过去的过去用过去 完成时，结构： had+过去分词
By the time she g_o_t_u__p___________, somebogdoytthebandat_h_ro__o_m_.______in the
一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋过去分词…？ (Yes, 主语＋had. / No, 主语＋hadn’t.)
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？
过去完成时的用法 过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时 把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。 When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
看电影是在她说之前做的。
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
2. 由“过去的过去”判定
(2) 状语从句 : 在时间、条件、 原因、 方式等状语从句中， 主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
高中英语语法-过去完成时(26张PPT)
主语+一般过去时+ after +从句（从句用过去完成时）
4. He had finished his report by last week.
主语+过去完成时+ by +过去时间
5. She knew she had met him somewhere else. 6.Cater said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. 主语+told/said/knew/heard/thought…+宾语从句（从句用过 去完成时）
Another amazing person ---Amelia Earhart
She was a female pilot from America . Do you want to know her life story? Why was she amazing?
Practice
Complete the story on page 49.
Amelia Earhart was born on 24th July 1897.
She had an exciting childhood. Before she moved
to Des Moines, she ⑴ _h_a_d__already _s_e_e_n_ her first airplane. She ⑵_m__o_v_e_d_to Chicago, six years
用法三：表示愿望、打算的词，如think, hope, mean, suppose, want, expect, plan…用于过去完成时表示表 示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
过去完成时还可用在“hardly … when+过去式 …”, “no sooner … than +过去式…”,
4. He had finished his report by last week.
主语+过去完成时+ by +过去时间
5. She knew she had met him somewhere else. 6.Cater said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. 主语+told/said/knew/heard/thought…+宾语从句（从句用过 去完成时）
Another amazing person ---Amelia Earhart
She was a female pilot from America . Do you want to know her life story? Why was she amazing?
Practice
Complete the story on page 49.
Amelia Earhart was born on 24th July 1897.
She had an exciting childhood. Before she moved
to Des Moines, she ⑴ _h_a_d__already _s_e_e_n_ her first airplane. She ⑵_m__o_v_e_d_to Chicago, six years
用法三：表示愿望、打算的词，如think, hope, mean, suppose, want, expect, plan…用于过去完成时表示表 示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
过去完成时还可用在“hardly … when+过去式 …”, “no sooner … than +过去式…”,
过去完成时课件
New
The Past Perfect Tenses
构成？
现在完成时：
助动词have / has + 过去分词
过去完成时：
助动词had + 过去分词
I have known him for three years. 我认识他三年了。
I had known him when I was a student. 我当学生时，就已经认识 他了。
When he got home, his mother had already got to sleep.
过去完成时的用法归纳： 1 可以用by, before 等构成的短
语来表示。
By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals .
2 也可以用when, before, after 等引导的从句来表示。
当我到达火车站时，火车 已经开走了。
By the time I g__o_t to the station, the train _h_a_d_ already _l_e_ft__ .
到上学期末，我们共学 1500 个单词。
By the e_n_d_ of l_a_s_t term we _h_a_d_l_e_a_rn_t_1,500 words
2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到 将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示.
一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years Since 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
当我昨天到达电影院时，电 影已经开始了。
过去完成时(13张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
• (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
• 例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining. • 我醒来时雨已停了。 • She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. • 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
二、基本结构
• 主语+had+过去分词 • ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. • When I arrived Ann had just left. • ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. • I hadn't received his letter since he left.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? • 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not . Had he left his case on the 4∶40 train? • Yes,he had. / No,he had not . • ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词？ • What had he learnt before he went here?
• (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如: • I returned the book that I had borrowed. • 我已归还了我借的书。 • She found the key that she had lost. • 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
过去完成时(27张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
过去完成时 初中英语专项复习
Questions:
1. What do you usually do in the morning before school?
What do you usually do in the morning before school?
go to school
Have you ever been late for school?
2. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun． 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Mother _h_a_d__h_a_d__ (have) breakfast
before seven o’clock that morning. 2. By the end of last week, weh_a_d__le_a_r_n_e_d
时态的变化
当主句谓语动词是过去时时，从句谓语 动词也要用过去的时态一种．
若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓 语的时态用一般现在时.
• 现在进行时 • 现在完成时 • 一般现在时 • 一般过去时 • 一般将来时 • 过去进行时 • 过去将来时 • 过去完成时
• 过去进行时 • 过去完成时 • 一般过去时 • 过去完成时 • 过去将来时 • 过去进行时 • 过去将来时 • 过去完成时
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
eg．__B_y__th_e__ti_m_e_ she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom．
Questions:
1. What do you usually do in the morning before school?
What do you usually do in the morning before school?
go to school
Have you ever been late for school?
2. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun． 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Mother _h_a_d__h_a_d__ (have) breakfast
before seven o’clock that morning. 2. By the end of last week, weh_a_d__le_a_r_n_e_d
时态的变化
当主句谓语动词是过去时时，从句谓语 动词也要用过去的时态一种．
若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓 语的时态用一般现在时.
• 现在进行时 • 现在完成时 • 一般现在时 • 一般过去时 • 一般将来时 • 过去进行时 • 过去将来时 • 过去完成时
• 过去进行时 • 过去完成时 • 一般过去时 • 过去完成时 • 过去将来时 • 过去进行时 • 过去将来时 • 过去完成时
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
eg．__B_y__th_e__ti_m_e_ she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom．
人教版中考英语语法复习过去完成时课件
it you?
A.has done
B.would do
C.had done
D.will do
C 4. She _____ clean out the spare room last week, but it was too much
occupied at that time.
A. intended to
A.have been planted B.had planted C.were planted D.had been planted
A 2. When we got to the cinema, the film _______half an hour.
A. had been on B. had been shown C. has lasted D. had been lasted
（when状语从句内的一般过去时）已发生并完成的动作或存在
的状态，这一动作可以是一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下
去。
by+过去时间点 by the end of + 过去的时间点 by the time +从句(一般过去时) before+过去时间点/从句(一般过去时)
when+从句(一般过去时)
D 1. More than 3000 trees _______in this area by the end of last year.
用法3
注意 1. 用于以连词when引导的状语从句中，以表示动作发生的时 间早于主句所表示的动作。 2. 还可用在Hardly(Scarcely)…when…, No sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。
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game had started late. What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.
3.Daniel arrived out of breath --- he had gone to the wrong cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.
过去完成时典型错误例析：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
（ 2 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先 于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如：
判断以下哪个动作哪个发生在前
lie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.
What happened first? a. Millie ran back to school. lie left her magazine in the classroom. 2.Simon left school late because the football
She said that she had seen the film before.
They explained what had happened.
2. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去 完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作 之前已经发生或完成了的动作，
即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
----|---------------- |--------------|------------>
那时以前
那时
现在
构成：主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（ v-ed）
2．当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了来自分钟了。a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there.
b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.
Work out the rule:
If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the earlier (earlier, later) action.
当我们谈论两个过去发生的动作时， 过去完成时一般用于较早发生的那个动作。
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.
1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
2.By nine o’clock yesterday evening he hadn’t got home.
3.--Had you known anything about our school before you came here? --Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t. 4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?
1.昨晚我们看了电影。
a. We had seen the film yesterday evening.
b. We saw the film yesterday evening.
过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在 和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只 是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时， 而不用过去完成时。
二、过去完成时的判断依据 1.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的 用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句 的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
3.Daniel arrived out of breath --- he had gone to the wrong cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.
过去完成时典型错误例析：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
（ 2 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先 于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如：
判断以下哪个动作哪个发生在前
lie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.
What happened first? a. Millie ran back to school. lie left her magazine in the classroom. 2.Simon left school late because the football
She said that she had seen the film before.
They explained what had happened.
2. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去 完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作 之前已经发生或完成了的动作，
即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
----|---------------- |--------------|------------>
那时以前
那时
现在
构成：主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（ v-ed）
2．当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了来自分钟了。a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there.
b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.
Work out the rule:
If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the earlier (earlier, later) action.
当我们谈论两个过去发生的动作时， 过去完成时一般用于较早发生的那个动作。
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.
1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
2.By nine o’clock yesterday evening he hadn’t got home.
3.--Had you known anything about our school before you came here? --Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t. 4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?
1.昨晚我们看了电影。
a. We had seen the film yesterday evening.
b. We saw the film yesterday evening.
过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在 和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只 是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时， 而不用过去完成时。
二、过去完成时的判断依据 1.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的 用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句 的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：