2014英语专题复习(一)名词
中考英语考点专项复习专题一名词含解析
名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如:desk,desks;②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词(a/an),many修饰,如:three boys,an apple, many students。
2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,meat;②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如:a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。
2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。
例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。
【中考英语考点详解+专项训练】专题1 名词 (原卷版)
名词属于十大词类中的一种,主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查,主要以选择题和填空题为主,考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时,注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则,掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律,名词所有格的用法,名词的句法功能等,并做到灵活运用,以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点:一、名词词义辨析;二、名词的数;三、名词所有格。
考向一:名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市,panda熊猫,chair椅子,hospital医院,nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众,people人们,class班级,family家庭,police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米,snow雪,steel钢铁,cotton棉花,corn玉米,air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气,determination决心,satisfaction满意,happiness幸福,success成功,love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦,Tom汤姆,the Great Wall长城,Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数,如,cattle牛群,people人们,police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示,如audience观众,class班级,club俱乐部,committee委员会,company公司,crew船员,enemy敌人,family家庭,government政府,group组,team队(当这一类词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义,如果作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指的是具体成员,则谓语动词用复数形式)►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
2014届高三一轮复习英语精品资料 专题一 名词(新课标专用)含解析
专题一名词、数词、介词名词一、名词的数1.常用作复数的名词(1)有些名词只用作复数或在一些固定用法中只用作复数,如:make preparations (=prepare)。
(2)成双成对的东西一般只用作复数,如:scissors(剪刀),glasses,trousers,shorts(短裤),socks(短袜)。
2.抽象名词、物质名词具体化beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)tea(茶)→a tea(一杯茶)二、名词作定语1.用名词作定语修饰另一个名词时,通常用单数形式,如:toothbrushes牙刷;bookmarks书签。
2.man和woman这两个词比较特殊,用单数还是复数取决于被修饰的名词,如:a man doctor一名男大夫;two men doctors两名男大夫。
3.还有少数名词用其复数形式作定语,如:a clothes shop一家服装店;a sports man一个运动员.三、名词的所有格1.表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s,如:Jane’s and Mary’s bikes。
2.表示共有的所有关系时,在最后一词末加’s,如:Jane and Mary’s father。
3.表示“某人家”“某店铺”,所有格后名词常省略,如:the doctor’s;the barber’s.数词一、倍数的表达法:1.倍数+比较级+thanHe has read three times more books than I have.2.倍数+as+adj./adv。
+asWe have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.3.倍数+the+n.(size,length,width,height.。
.)+ofChina is almost twice/double the size of Mexico in area。
英语名词知识点复习和练习题
中考英语语法复习第一讲(本讲所述内容前提是一般情况下,有些词在特殊情况下会有不同的解释)一、什么是名词?名词是词类的一种,表示人物或事物或地点或者抽象的名称。
二、名词在句子中有什么功能?名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
三、名词的分类普通名词:抽象名词(状态、品质、感情等抽象事物):beauty fear joy fun courage物质名词(材料、属性、固体、液体、气体物质等):wood meat wine paper ice air water集合名词:family people(人们) crowd group team个体名词:dog table man book专有名词:人名:Tom Mr. Smith地名:China England USA Asia机构:United Nations四、名词的数1、可数名词(大部分集合名词、个体名词)可数名词表示复数概念事可以有复数形式,可以用冠词a an the 和其他词如some any many 等词修饰2、不可数名词(抽象名词、物质名词、人名、地名、机构)不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不能用a an the many 等修饰,但是可以用some any much 等可以修饰不可数名词的一些词修饰。
做主语时常用单数。
不可数名词可以加介词短语表示数的概念:如 a glass of water, a piece of paper.3、可数名词数的变化1、一般情况下在词尾加s /s/ /z/如:dogs books2、以s x ch sh 结尾的名词加上es / iz/ 如:boxes, buses, watches, dishes.3、以辅音字母+y 结尾把y 改为i 再加es / z/ 如story stories baby babies4、以o 结尾的词有生命的加es , 无生命的加s /z/:例如:有生命:tomato- tomatoes potato- potatoes无生命:photo-photos piano-pianos5、以f 或者fe 结尾通常把f 或fe 改为ves /vz/ 如; knife- knives life- lives leaf- leaves6、单复数形式不变:sheep-sheep deer- deer cattle- cattle Chinese Japanese7、一些不规则变化:Man-men woman – women Englishman-Englishmen German GermansTooth-teeth foot-feet child- children mouse- mice8、集体名如果强调是个体则谓语动词用复数,如果强调整体谓语动词用作复数:如Family- fmilies class- classes8、集体名词以形式以单数出现,实际为复数概念,谓语动词用复数。
名词考点知识点总结
名词考点知识点总结一、名词的定义和分类名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词语。
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1、专有名词专有名词是特指某一人、事物的名词,通常以大写字母开头。
如:Tom, London, Coca-Cola等。
2、普通名词普通名词是泛指某一类人或事物的名词,分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
(1)可数名词可数名词指的是可以用数目来计算的名词,可以用a/an或数词修饰。
如:apple, cat, book 等。
(2)不可数名词不可数名词指的是无法用数目来计算的名词,通常没有复数形式。
如:milk, water, music 等。
二、名词的单数形式和复数形式1、名词的单数形式和复数形式的变化规则(1)大部分名词在单数后加-s构成复数,如:book-books, cat-cats等。
(2)以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的名词在单数后加-es构成复数,如:box-boxes, wish-wishes等。
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es构成复数,如:baby-babies, city-cities等。
(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es构成复数,如:leaf-leaves, wife-wives等。
(5)大部分名词在单数和复数形式相同,如:sheep-sheep, fish-fish等。
2、名词的复数形式不规则变化有一些名词的复数形式没有固定规律,需要记忆。
如:man-men, woman-women, child-children等。
三、名词所有格的构成名词所有格是表示所属关系的一种语法形式,分为词尾加-apostrophe和词尾加-apostrophe+s两种形式。
1、词尾加-apostrophe构成名词所有格若名词以s结尾,只需在词尾加-apostrophe即可。
如:James' car, girls' school等。
中考英语语法知识专题(1)名词、名词所有格课件(含答案)
—They are very beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful__________.( C )
A. instruction
B. description
C. collection
3.(2016·中考改编)—My favorite TV________is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国).
物质 名词
抽象 名词
食物 饮料 自然物质 情感 概念 学科,语言
bread,meat,rice,cheese,fish,beef water,tea,coffee,wine,milk,cola wood,sand,soil,air friendship,peace,joy,love news,population maths,physics,geography,English
第三篇 语法知识专题
第一节 名词/名词所有格
名词 (一)名词的分类:名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
类别
定义
例词
专有名词
表示具体的人名,事物, China,the Great 地名,组织等名称的词。 Wall
可数 普通
名词 不可
数
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
表个别人或事物的名称 表若干人或事物的名称 表物质或材料的名称 表感情等抽象概念的名称
情况
特殊 名词
构成方法 变内部元音
单复数同形 完全不规则
例词 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—
teeth Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish (中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼) penny—pence,child—children,mouse—mice
英语名词复习
名词复习一、名词:1.名词复数的变化规律:box—boxes 盒子dish—dishes 菜肴-o结尾的:photo—photos 照片(英雄爱吃土豆西红柿加-es)-f/-fe结尾的:leaf—leaves 叶子shelf—shelves 架子(屋顶首领相信证据加-s)y结尾的(辅变元不变):activity—activities活动study—studies 研究enemy—enemies 敌人family—families 家庭party—parties 聚会,政党day—days 天,日不规则变化:tooth—teeth 牙齿foot—feet 脚,足,英尺child—children 孩子,儿童mouse—mice 老鼠,耗子policeman—policemen 警察Any smell might attract natural ____(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.Recent ____(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.It ought to be a happy day for ____(family)to get together.There are many similarity between doctors and teachers2.常见常考的不可数名词:advice 建议,劝告air 空气fun 有趣的事weather 天气news/information/word 新闻,信息work 工作homework 家庭作业housework 家务活progress 进步practice 练习luck 运气baggage=luggage 行李furniture 家具equipment 设备health 健康wealth 财富experience 经验(注:“经历”可数)exercise 锻炼(注:“练习”可数)改错: Thanks to her,I have made great progresses.For one thing,they can give you valuable advicesIf we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Mom has a fulltime job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.We didn't need to do so many homework.However,55% of the people don't turn to newspapers for many information.In my opinion,every child should have the chance to receive an educationwe know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard works and guidance.3.名词构词法:develop v.—development n.发展achieve v.—achievement n.成就,功绩require v.—requirement n.要求,需要的东西encourage v.—encouragement n.鼓励embarrass v.—embarrassment n.尴尬appoint v.—appointment n.任命,约定excite v.—excitement n.激动,兴奋treat v.—treatment n. 对待,待遇;治疗,疗法equip v.—equipment n. 设备,装备settle v.—settlement n.解决,协议—settler n.移居者,殖民者determine v.—determination n.决心,决定communicate v.—communication n.沟通,交流,通讯translate v.—translation n.翻译,译文—translator n.翻译家,译者educate v.—education n.教育—educator n.教育家,教育工作者suggest v.—suggestion n. 建议correct a.正确的v.—correction n.修改,改正direct v.a.直接的,径直的—direction n.方向;指导permit v.—permission n.许可,允许impress v.—impression n. 印象express v.—expression n.表达,表情,词语decide v.—decision n.决定conclude v.—conclusion n. 结论happy a.—happiness n. 幸福,快乐ill a.—illness n. 疾病sick a.—sickness n.疾病kind a.—kindness n.善良,仁慈,好意lazy a.—laziness n. 懒惰sad a.—sadness n. 悲伤,悲哀long a.—length n.长度weigh v.—weight n.重量high a.—height n. 高度grow v.—growth n. 生长,增长breathe v.—breath n. 呼吸warm a.—warmth n. 温暖mean v.—meaning n.意思read v.—reading n. 阅读suffer v.—suffering n. 痛苦,苦难spell v.—spelling n.拼写(法)begin v.—beginning n.开始,开端open v.a.—opening n.开始,开口,开通discover v.—discovery n.发现apologize v.—apology n.道歉possible a.—possibility n.可能(性)able a.—ability n.能力safe a.—safety n. 安全difficult a.—difficulty n.困难,难事distant a.—distance n. 距离important a.—importance n.重要性assist v.—assistance n. 帮助,援助—assistant n.助手,助理advise v.—advice n. 建议,劝告arrive v.—arrival n.到达survive v.—survival n.生存,幸存approve v.—approval n.赞成,批准press v.—pressure n.压力please v.—pleasure n.快乐,乐事fail v.—failure n. 失败mix v.—mixture n.混合(物)free a.v.—freedom n.自由wise a.—wisdom n.智慧,明智的行为lose v.—loss n. 丢失,损失behave v.—behaviour n.举止,行为describe v.—description n.描述,描写choose v.—choice n. 选择affect v.—effect n. 影响,效果explain v.—explanation n.解释,说明pronounce v.—pronunciation n.发音argue v.—argument n.争论,争辩anxious a.—anxiety n.焦虑curious a.—curiosity n.好奇(心)4.重点掌握名词的三个结构:形+名,冠+名,冠+形+名(形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、whose应视为形容词)❶But my desire for the money was louder than any ____ (doubt) voice.Some people whose ____ (intend) is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their incomeToday's experience taught me some ____ (value) lessons in my life!I had no ____ (choose)but to prepare for it,though.First of all,I was to draft the speechBut my ____ (listen)were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.Yousafzai came to ____ (globe)attentionWhile there are ____ (amaze) stories of instant transformationOn my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ____(it)mother.Luckily,all her teachers gave her much (encourage).Miss Li has always worried about her ____ (limit) English.People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online ____ (describe).just a (minute)walk from the same spot.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.He has ruined his healthy.Besides,the government should take effect measures to guarantee children's right of educationDuring the holiday,I realized English was of great important.so as we can be in a good mood every day and continue to make rapidly progress.❷every day she would walk into kindergarten and see ____ smile on my face.They seem like stories from ____ diary and that certainly helps Swift attract her audience.Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned ____ farm,which looked almost abandoned.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ____ (develop)of chopsticks.Last year, she saw ____ advertisement recruiting (征募) host families for foreign students,I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.Such place would truly be primitive.The old man said with smile.❸The only possible seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts(石膏绷带),a blackandblue face,and a sad ____ (express).In the ____ (follow)years,the boy came and cut the branches to build a house,The next day,he asked his guest same question.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ____ top floor.There are many students living at school, the (child)houses are all far from school.It is convenient for them to use such a wonderfully library.Gee,it's going to be a beautifully day today.The next day,he asked his guest same questionI have such an equally chance that I have a wonderful time.5.注意:单数可数名词不能单独出现,一般前面要加冠词修饰,或者改成复数(或者加形容词性物主代词)。
【中考英语常考易错点】专题一名词
专题一名词易错清单1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。
它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
如:There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。
2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。
如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。
(2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。
如:The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。
专题01 名词中考英语一轮复习之教材知识点一遍过(人教版)
A. magazines B. letters
C. photos
D. books
3. Please consider other people's ____A____ while you are speaking loudly in public.
A. feelings
B. names
C. advantages D. suggestions
a basket of一篮
a box of一盒
a bottle of一瓶
a cup of一杯
a group of一群
a pair of一组/双/对
a piece of一片/张/块
a pile of一堆
②不可数名词的量化中量词的数要根据其前的修饰词来确定。如:a
spoon of soup→two spoons of soup。
以字母f或fe 再加es
knife→knives shelf→shelves wolf→wolves
结尾的词 f结尾的名词 chief→chiefs
直接加s
belief→beliefs
表示有生命 以辅音字母
的加es 加o结尾的
表示无生tato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes photo→photos zoo→zoos radio→radios piano→pianos
A. attention
B. progress
C. information D. pride
2. To keep our city clean and beautiful, the ____D____ are always very busy in the street.
英语语法复习1:名词
名词所有格的构成 名词所有格的用法 Of所有格的用法 双重所有格 要求:理解
名词所有格的构成
1、不以-s结尾的+s,如children‘s books 2、以-s结尾的直接+’,如the girls’ dormitory
名词所有格的用法
1、主要用于有生命的名词,如人、高等动物等, 如children’s festival. 2、用于无生命名词的情况。
名词所有格练习
翻译
Mary的邮件 母亲节 城市的中心 身体的一部分 汤姆的一张照片 一杯茶 Mary的 一个女儿 教师阅览室 我们老板的办公室 Mary’s e-mail Mother’s Day the centre of the city a part of body a picture of Tom‘s a daughter of Mary’s teachers’ reading room our boss’ office
专有名词 普通名词
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 可数名词 不可数名词
专有名词
定义:指表示个人、机构、组织、国家等的专 举例:国家:America
书名:Harry Potter 有名词。
特征:1、书名一般用斜体表示,Harry Potter
2、首字母一定是大写
要求:只要了解
普通名词
定义:普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称。 举例:如: worker, camera, steel等 分类:1. 个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。
•可数名词: 可数名词: 可数名词
定义:可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因 此可以有复数形式。
•要求:理解 要求: 要求
名次分类( ) 名次分类(2)练习
名词专项知识点总结
名词专项知识点总结一、名词的分类名词按其所指的对象的不同情况可以分为以下几类:1.普通名词:表示一般的人或事物,如:table, chair, book, girl等。
2.专有名词:表示某一特定的人或事物,一般用于人名、地名等,如:London, Alice, Microsoft等。
3.集体名词:表示成群结队的事物,如:family, team, club等。
4.抽象名词:表示抽象的概念或感觉,如:happiness, love, anger等。
5.物质名词:表示无法具体触及的物质,如:water, air, gold等。
二、名词的数名词可以表示单数和复数两种数目。
一般来说,名词在末尾加上-s或-es可以表示其复数形式。
但也有一些名词的复数形式并不按照这一规则变化,需要特别注意。
三、名词的格名词有以下几种格:1.主格:表示主语的格,如:The cat is sleeping.2.宾格:表示宾语的格,如:I love you.3.属格:表示所属关系的格,如:This is my friend's book.四、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系,一般在名词末尾加上-apostrophe s表示,如:Tom's book.五、名词的形态名词的词型变化非常丰富,根据不同的情况,名词会有不同的形态变化。
需要特别留意的有不规则名词的复数形式、不规则名词的所有格,以及一些特殊的名词形态变化规则。
六、名词的用法名词在句子中有多种用法,包括主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
在句子中名词所处的位置和所承担的功能也需要根据语境进行合适的运用。
七、名词的搭配名词在句子中有很多固定的搭配,需要特别留意名词与介词、形容词、动词等的搭配规则。
正确的使用名词搭配能够让表达更加准确和地道。
以上就是名词的专项知识点的总结,希望对大家学习英语语法及提升英语表达能力有所帮助。
在日常的学习和应用中,多多积累名词的用法和搭配,提高对名词的掌握程度,从而提高英语语言能力。
名词英语知识点总结
名词英语知识点总结一、名词的定义与分类名词是指代人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的词语,是英语中最基本的词类之一。
名词主要分为以下几种类型:1.专有名词:专有名词是指特定的人、地点、机构、团体等的名称,通常首字母大写。
例如:Tom, London, Microsoft等。
2.普通名词:普通名词是指一般的人、事物、抽象概念等的名称,通常首字母小写。
例如:book, dog, happiness等。
3.集体名词:集体名词是指表示一类人或事物的名称,通常用单数形式,但表示整体的概念。
例如:team, family, government等。
4.可数名词与不可数名词:可数名词是指表示可以计数的人、事物的名称,可以用单数或复数形式表示。
不可数名词是指表示不可数的物质、抽象概念的名称,只能用单数形式表示。
例如:可数名词:book, apple, cat等;不可数名词:milk, water, happiness等。
二、名词的单数与复数形式1.可数名词的复数形式:一般情况下,在名词后面加-s构成复数形式。
例如:book-books, cat-cats, dog-dogs等。
但也有一些规则需要注意:a)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变为i再加-es构成复数形式。
如:baby-babies, city-cities等。
b)以s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词,加-es构成复数形式。
如:bus-buses, fish-fishes, box-boxes 等。
c)以-o结尾的名词,加-es构成复数形式。
如:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes等。
d)以-f或-fe结尾的名词,通常将f或fe变为v再加-es构成复数形式。
如:wife-wives, wolf-wolves等。
e)一些名词的复数形式不规则,需要记住。
如:man-men, woman-women, child-children 等。
2.不可数名词的表达方式:不可数名词通常只有单数形式,不能用于复数形式。
专题(名词)
名词-----学好语法的基础₰名词的单复数+-s 以-s ,-x ,-ch ,-sh 结尾的名词+ --es第一个或最后一个词变复数10分钟1.语法填空单句训练1. After the event the (piano) are donated to local schools and community groups.2. College students are (grown-up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live.3. The (roof) of these cottages were covered with (leaf).4. He asked me a lot of (question) .5. Several (boy) went to help him in the afternoon.6. There are many interesting (story) in the book.7. The two (class) are planting trees in the field.8. McDonald's is one of the best-known (restaurant) in the U.S. and even the world.9. They have different (idea)about life,work and play.10. In the meanwhile,it causes a series of (problem) .2.短文改错单句训练1.I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me tow week ago.2.First, we can go to Qingdao, where it is cool and mild,have funs at the seaside.3.They were delighted to receive these gift.4.I like making friend with people and I do my best to get on well with everyone.5.We couldn't help taking lots of wonderful photo.6.In fact,I know that a few big company in our city are hoping to hire people like you.7.As I ran out to catch them, big drop of rain began to fall.8.Luckily, the water didn't reach any of the house in our village.9.There are various way to get relaxed for middle school students.10.We offered our congratulation on his winning the first prize.建议用时15分钟1.语法填空(侧重训练名词复数)New York City is one of the world's greatest 1 (city) for walking in. All five 2 (district) can be explored on foot, but Manhattan is possibly the easiest and most popular for pedestrians.Manhattan is easiest for all 3 (visitor) because all streets north of Houston Street are laid out in a numbered grid(方格)pattern. Streets run from east to west and avenues going from north to south. Twenty “street” blocks(e.g. 40th St. to 60th St.) usually takes 20 to 30 4 (minute) to walk.Walking is best for people 5 want to see all the details---the buildings,the people,and the street life. If you walk around New York City,there is a good chance that you will walk past movie 6 (star) but you might not notice them. If you are going to walk,and you don't want to get 7(lose) , ask local people for help. Most New Yorkers love giving 8 ( direct). Tell them where you want to go,and they will gladly help you. But they are always 9 a hurry! Don't take it personally if they just say,“3 blocks that way"and keep 10 (walk).1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.2.短文改错(侧重训练名词复数)Dear John,I’ve finally made up my minds to go to America for further study after graduation.It has always been my dreams to experience America culture,which is known it’s diversity and liveliness.But to tell you the truth,I have some worries too.I didn’t have a good command of English,especially spoken English .So I’m afraid I will have difficulties fitting in.Moreover,I’m not sure whether I can handle the pressure from course and fellows or not.With so many thing troubling me,I hope you can offer me some advices.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li ming₰名词词形变化:形容词或动词转换为名词I.语法填空单句训练1.She apologized to me for her rude ( behave)toward me.2.My (suggest) is that we should always have a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.3.In (real),he comes from Africa.4.They have changed the (appear) of the whole house.5.They need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and (happy) .6.Doctors thought she had little chance of (survive).7.The scientists have just discovered a new method to cure the (ill).8.The Buckingham Palace is a great tourist(游客,游客的、旅游的)(attract) ,drawing millions of visitors every year.9.Kids need this kind of (protect) and help.10.However,the worst (impress)is that I was feeling hungry all the time.11.Always read the (instruct)on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.12.I could tell he was surprised from the (express)on his face.Ⅱ短文改错单句训练1.This is the ideal place for you to make more friends, to experience the excitement of discover,and to keep fit.2.Sorry again for any inconvenience caused by my absent.3.Our class had a discuss about the research.4.You should pay more attention to your healthy.5.It is agreed that honest is the best policy.建议用时15分钟1.语法填空(侧重训练名词复数)AMaking friends is an art. The core(核心)of it is a kind and genuine heart. Apart from this big secret,here are some other 1 (suggest) .First,learn to smile-wearinga smile makes one easy to approach. People like to make 2 (friend) with such a person. Besides, smiles also help one gain 3 (confident) .Being a good 4 (listen) and talker is the second golden rule.Paying attention 5 what others say makes them feel important,and everyone would love to have this kind of self-respect. Meanwhile,you need to play your part in the conversation. The key is to learn when to talk; don't make the others feel they have 6 (difficult) getting a word in. The essence of this rule is to keep a 7 (balanced) between giving and taking in friendship. 8 (modest) enables a person to move from being the centre of attention to focusing on the needs of others.9 (final) ,learn to see some positive 10 (quality) in others; don't ever try to tear someone down.People usually light up when hearing a sincere and positive comment. This strengthens friendship as well as the spirit.1. 2.3. 4.5. 6.7. 8.9. 10.BI am 25 years old now and I think in my early life there (be )much time when I had to suffer from a lot of bitterness,(disappoint)and hardship.I lost both parents at 14,so I had no (choose) but to accept the difficult situation where I was placed. I had the (responsible) of caring for my granny and my younger sister with epilepsy(癫痫).With a positive attitude life and studies, I was able (finish) my schooling with excellent results. At 21,I bought my first house in the capital city Lusaka of Zambia and had my own place to live in. At 23,I bought my first car. Today,at 25,I have worked for over 5 local and international (organization) with current assignment being working in the United Nations. I plan to finish my year with a happy (marry)for my own family life.There is no telling what happens to someone in his or her life. People have adifferent (fortunate.)But one thing is the same: One needs (confident) and trust in what they believe is right. My story has just begun,and the best is yet to come.₰名词的格与名词的固定搭配一.名词的格二.名词的固定搭配Ⅰ.短文改错单句训练1.I was playing at my cousin house.2.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.3.After a five-hour‘s drive,we reached the small village at last.4.Jane and Tom’s mothers are discussing a problem.5.Most of students preferred to make an independent choices.6.I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago.7.I often read English aloud and try to learn something important by hearts.8.I usually come home,have something to eat,do two hour’s homework and then goto the swimming pool.Ⅱ.语法填空单句训练1.I can't find the key the door.Have you seen it?2. I have to look after this baby of my (aunt).3. I felt not well so I went to the (doctor) .4. It doesn't make any (different)to me whether you‘ll come or not.5.The meeting finally come to a(n) at 9 o’clock.6.The cloud flooded in all (direct).7.I have been taking (pains)to complete my task on time.8.The students are busy making (prepare)for the exams.9. We set out to climb the high mountain in high (spirit) .单项选择(共10道题)1.(2015福建,24)The failure was a big______to him,but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor2.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some______ and then let me know.A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority3.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his______when he went to carry out the secret task.A.emotionB.talentC.identityD.treasure4.(2015湖北,21)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his______and had a bad fall.A.balanceB.chanceC.memoryD.place5.(2015江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my______.A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets6.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make______in agreement with the national soccer reform.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsmentsD.achievements7.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce______is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.A.productionB.stressC.energyD.power8.(2014福建,26,1分)—Could you tell me the______of making such tasty cakes?—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick9.(2014湖北,22,1分)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected______.A.contributionplimentparisonmand10.(2014湖北,21,1分)Her______for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A.talentB.motivationC.qualificationD.technique。
英语复习资料--名词
名词的用法名词主要从以下几个方面来讲:可数名词,不可数名词,名词的格,名词的修饰语,专有名词,名词的句子成份1.可数名词名词是人们认识事物所使用的基本词汇,它主要用来指明人或事物的具体的名称,也可以用来指抽象的概念。
如book(书),teacher(教师),snow(雪),Beijing(北京)、home(家)等等。
分为普通名词和专有名词,普通名词指一类人、事物、物质,这些名词一般不用来专门指某一具体的事物,普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,我们现在首先看的是可数名词。
英语中能用1,2,3等数字进行计算的词便是可数名词,可数名词一般是个体名词,如a boy(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式,也就是说,可数名词在句子中不用单数就要用复数。
我们先复习规则复数形式变化形式。
特别提示:在遵循一般规则的同时,也有一些例外的情况:(1)以-f或-fe结尾直接加-s的名词常见的有:belief—beliefs信念chief—chiefs首领grief—griefs悲伤gulf—gulfs海湾proof—proofs证据roof—roofs屋顶handkerchief有两种复数形式:handkerchiefs和handkerchieves。
(2)以-o结尾的部分名词复数形式有两种,既可加-s也可加-es。
cargo—cargos/cargoes货物motto—mottos/mottoes箴言volcano—volcanos/volcanoes火山zero—zeros/zeroes零(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的专有名词复数形式直接加-s。
如:Marys,Henrys等。
(4)有些字母用复数时需要加-’s。
这一点平时很少见,应该特别留意一下。
e.g.There are three a’s in the word“banana”.在banana这个词中有三个a。
专题01.名词考点梳理(复习讲义)原卷版
专题01.名词考点梳理(复习讲义)【考点清单】范围知识条目名词掌握常用名词数的变化掌握名词所有格的构成及方法辨别常用专有名词的一些常见的缩写形式考点一名词的数一、可数名词及其单复数1.可数名词大多数有单数和复数两种形式,复数构成形式的部分规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s 在清辅音后读/s/在t后读/ts/o在d后读/dz/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/cake—cakes day—daysstudent—students bed—beds以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词通常加es读/ɪz/bus—busesbox—boxeswatch—watches以“辅音字母加y”结尾的词变y为i,再加es读/z/baby—babiescity—citiescountry—countrieslady—ladiesedy—ediesparty—parties以“元音字母加y”结尾的词加s读/z/toy—toysmonkey—monkeyskey—keys以f(e)结尾的词通常变f(e)为v,再加es读/z/leaf—leaveswolf—wolveslife—livesknife—knives以o结尾的词加es读/z/potato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero—heroes字母o前为元音字母加szoo—zoosradio—radioskangaroo—kangaroosbamboo—bamboos 简写词加s photo—photos外来词加s piano—pianos以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s读/ɪz/face—faces orange—oranges续表情况构成方法读音例词不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母元音改变man—men woman—women foot—feettooth—teeth单复数形式相同读音不变sheep—sheepdeer—deerChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese词尾加en读音改变ox—oxen2.某国人变复数的规则如下:(1)单复数相同Chinese→Chinese中国人Japanese→Japanese日本人(2)由man构成的复合名词Englishman→Englishmen英国人Frenchman→Frenchmen法国人German→Germans德国人(注意German不是合成词)(3)以(i)an结尾的名词American→Americans美国人Australian→Australians澳大利亚人Egyptian→Egyptians埃及人可用口诀记住这一点,即中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
语法专题之名词(含练习和答案)
apple
9
German
Chinese
child
sheep
C.复合名词的复数变化规则:man和woman都要变, girl和boy却不变
1
men doctors
boy students
1. Theyare________.
A.mandoctorB.mendoctorsC.mendoctorD.mandoctors
A. areB. isC. amD. do
2. Howmany_____ dotheyhave?
A. pictureB. picturesC. apicture
3. We are_____, but they are________.
A. Germans; Japanese B. Germen; Japanese C. Germans; JapanesesD. Germen; Japanese
E.常见复数标志
all/both
many/ some
a few/few
these/those
are/were
基数词two...
several几个
other
different
在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形: we all come from China.
1.Thosewhitesocks____ small.
(其他后面加s)a German---five Germans
B.规则变化
情况
构成
例词
一般的词
+s
day-daysdesk-desks
以s, sh, ch, x结尾
+es
match-matchesboss-bosses
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词(写写帮整理)
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词(写写帮整理)第一篇:英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词(写写帮整理)英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词名词的分类HongKong, China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如 student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family,school,group, people名词不可数名词cotton,air,tea:work,happiness,news2.名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式,其复数的构成规则如下:1)绝大多数在词尾加s。
如:book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2)以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。
如:watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数:piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加es。
例如:baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加s。
例如:boy,boys;key,keys 4)以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式,如:leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词,是在f后加s构成复数,常见的有:roof,chief,belief,gulf等。
个别的两种方式都可以,如:handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves5)少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,要一一背记:man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;child→children;mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注:fishes表不同种类的鱼)6)复合名词:A.含man或woman的复合名词,两部分都变为复数形式。
李庆红 语法填空(名词)
变y为i 再加es baby- babies story-stories factory-factories city-cities library-libraries
以辅音字 母 + 0结 尾的名词
一般加 -es
Negro-Negroes 黑人 hero — heroes 英雄 tomato – tomatoes 西红柿 potato – potatoes 土豆
2016•新课标全国II
Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). 解析:在介词后作宾语,表示成就这一 泛指意义,用名词形式 答案 achievement
(2016•新课标全国III)
高考英语语法填空 名词专题
贵阳三十七中 李庆红
名词考查点 主要考查的知识点:可数名词 变复数的规则,名词的用法 复习重点:可数名词变复数的 规则:主要是一些记忆性的东 西 1.一般规则 如:studentstudents school-schools teacher-teachers
以 s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词 bus – buses box – boxes watch - watches brush - brushes dish-dishes
influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks 解析:所填词作动词的宾语, 再根据空格前的the判断用名词 形式 答案 development
(2015•新课标全国Ⅰ) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting). 答案与分析:paintings。该词前面 有限定词many,因此用复数形式
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词(含答案)
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词一、单选题1.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot.A.scissorsB.sectionC.skinD.sympathy2.He graduated from a medical research ______ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.A.dataB.attendanceC.contextD.institute3.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.mitmentB.appointmentC.instrumentD.requirement4.The employer will bear 80% medical ______ for the employee during the employment period.A.discountB.fareC.feeD.fine5.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A.distanceB.reachC.limitD.arrival6.The of an area of land is a line in people's imagination that separates it from other areas.A.boundaryB.hurdleC.ceilingD.neighborhood7.Finding information in today's world is easy. The________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A.knowledgeB.abilitypetitionD.challenge8.The League member is brave, honest and hard-working. In a word, he is a good boy of many______.A.qualitiesB.principlesC.rewardsD.opinions9.Still a little left on the chair, seeing that, Grandma shouted to the little boy.A.bread, wasB.breads, wereC.bread, wereD.breads, was10.What Darwin said was an attack on people's religious .A.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefesD.believes11.Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.A.inspirationpositionC.occupationbination12.What is known to my families is that many are in my brother's album.A.stampB.stampsC.booksD.stampes13.The students didn't find much______ about the topic on the website.A.reportB.articlermationD.progress14.In universities in China, classes are often arranged in more flexible ___ and a lot of jobs are offered to the students after graduation.A.patternsB.ranksC.gradesD.scales15.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________.A.theoryB.stormC.routineD.project16.For years,scientists have been worried about the________of air pollution on the earth's natural conditions.A.effectB.resultC.accountD.cause17.How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language.A.adventureB.achievementC.trendD.challenge18.Thanks to the special chemical ________ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economic plant grows well there.positionpetenceC.constructionD.conclusion19.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you'll see one small step that started it all.A.reputationB.expectationC.recreationD.foundation20.Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and_________.A.burdenB.depressionC.benefitD.sacrifice21.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____________ of global climate change.A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection22.—Whose umbrella is it?—It's ________.A.somebody else'sB.Somebody elseC.Somebody's else'sD.Somebody's else23.An important component of any trip to a ______ you haven't visited is a map.A.destinationB.dimensionC.dictationD.distinction24."May I take your order now?" "We'd like three black _______ and two green _______."A.coffee, cups of teasB.coffees, teasC.cups of coffee, teaD.cup of coffees, teas25.The rising crime is a major_______ of society.A.responsibilityB.conditionC.causeD.concern26.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A.appreciationB.agreementC.attentionD.achievement27.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A.effectB.senseC.changeD.chance28.He sold this car for only 2000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful________.A.costB.worthC.valueD.bargain29.Excuse me, can you change this for me?A.five-pound noteB.five pound noteC.five-pound notesD.five pounds notes30.People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative _______ from superiors.A.considerationB.consequencesC.expectationsD.reactions31.Take it easy. As your best friend, I will help you in my ________.A.powerB.forceC.energyD.strength32.Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .A.distinctionB.innovationC.potentialD.appreciation33.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________ .A.attemptB.experimentC.flightD.glance34.I asked her if she would attend Barbara's party to be held the next week, but she made no______.A.responseB.explanationC.conceptD.affection35.When I turned back, I noticed again there was no _________of him in the mirror.A.pictureB.shadowC.reflectionD.figure36.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick37.If people find out what you are doing here, it will completely ruin your________.A.fortuneB.chanceC.destinationD.reputation38.He wanted to look for a(n) _________suited to his abilities.A.pensionB.preventionC.occupationD.permission39.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.address40.Judging from her _________, I guess she must come from the West of America.A.voiceB.soundC.noiseD.accent41.The ______ is the degree to which something is good or bad.A.qualityB.quantityC.scale42.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination.A.conceptB.responsibilityC.identityD.personality43.Have you heard the traffic ________that happened in Yatai Street last week?A.accidentB.affairC.incidentD.event二、语法填空44.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________ (describe).45.The cinema has little________ (attract) for some people.46.Some students hold the view that universities should be centers of ________ (cultural).47.The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the ________ (challenge) faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.48.Good books are of great ________ (valuable) to students.5答案一、单选题1.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。
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2014英语专题复习(一)名词一、名词的概念及分类1. 名词的概念名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词,如tree是名词,它表示事物的名称;Mary 是名词,它表人的名称;London是名词,表示一个地方的名称;idea 是名词,它表示一个概念的名称;等等。
2. 名词的分类根据名词用法特点分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称,专有名词的第一个字母通常大写。
He says that Jim lives in Paris. 他说吉姆住在巴黎。
(句中的Jim 为表示人名的专有名词,Paris 为表示地点的专有名词,两者的第一个字母均应大写。
)普通名词,根据其语法性质细分为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类。
其中:个体名词表示人或物的个体,如girl, boy, desk, chair, house 等均为个体名词,因为它们都可以按个体进行逐个计数。
物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如water, wood, meat, milk 等都是物质名词,因为我们无法将其像apple, egg, book 等一样分成一个一个的个体。
集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,如family 是集合名词,因为它是由若干个家庭成员组成的“家庭”;crowd 是集合名词,因为它是由若干个人组成的“人群”;等等。
抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work, idea, love, happiness 等均为抽象名词。
二、单数与复数在汉语里,我们说一本书或两本书,其中的“书”没有变化,但在英语中就不同了,说“一本书”是a book;说“两本书”则是two books;其中的book 在用于表示大于“一”的数量时,要用books 这样的形式。
这就是英语名词的复数问题,本节我们重点要谈的就是这个问题。
1. 复数的构成名词由单数变为复数时,(1)在一般情况下是在词尾加上-s。
如:a desk 一张课桌→two desks 两张课桌one room 一个房间→some rooms 一些房间(2)以s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾,那么其复数就是在加词尾-es。
如:a boss 一位老板→many bosses 许多位老板a fox 一只狐狸→a lot of foxes 许多狐狸this watch 这块手表→ these watches 这些手表(3)以y结尾,则其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y 改为ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s。
a family 一个家庭→many families 许多家庭one monkey 一只猴子→several monkeys 几只猴子(4)以字母o 结尾,则情况有点复杂,因为有些是加词尾-s构成复数,而有些则要加词尾-es构成复数,还有一些则加-s或-es都可以。
如:a zoo 一个动物园→three zoos 三个动物园a tomato 一个西红柿→some tomatoes 一些西红柿在英语中,以字母o结尾的名词不是很多,大约只有200来个,其中绝大部分的复数形式通过加词尾-s构成的,只有少数的要加词尾-es,其中比较常见的需要通过加词尾-es构成复数的名词有4个,它们是:tomato→tomatoes 西红柿pota to→potatoes 土豆hero→heroes 英雄Negro→Negro 黑人(5)以-f或-fe 结尾的,它们在变为复数时也有两种可能,即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把-f / -fe 改为-ves。
在这些名词中,一些日常生活中的常用词通常是采用把-f / -fe 改为-ves来变为复数,如:wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)等。
2. 单复数同形英语中有些名词在由单数变为复数时,其形式与仍采用与单数一样的形式。
如:This sheep is from Australia. 这只羊产自澳大利亚。
These sheep are from Australia. 这些羊产自澳大利亚。
this sheep中的sheep为单数,而these sheep中的sheep则为复数,但它们的形式是一样的。
像这样的名词在英语中不多,比较常见的有:sheep 绵羊fish 鱼deer 鹿Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人Swiss 瑞士人aircraft 飞行器means 方法works 工厂其中fish这个词值得特别注意,它的复数形式通常与单数同形。
如:There are plenty of fish in the sea. 海里有许多鱼。
句中的fish虽在形式上为单数,但其用法为复数。
不过,人们有时也用fishes来表示复数。
We caught three little fishes. 我们抓到三条小鱼。
另外,fishes还可表示不同种类的鱼。
如:There were fishes of many sizes. 有各种大小的鱼。
3. 不规则变化英语中绝大部分名词在由单数变为复数时,都按上面提到的规则变化,但也有的名词由单数变复数时,没有一定的规则。
比较下面的句子:Only one child can read. 只有一个孩子能阅读。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子能阅读。
one child中的child是单数,若按一般的变化规则,child的复数应是childs,但是错了,它的复数形式是children,显然这种变化是不规则的。
不过,好在英语中属于这种不变化的名词并不多,常见的有:man→men 男人woman→women 女人child→children 小孩tooth→teeth 牙齿foot→feet 脚goose→geese 鹅mouse→mice 老鼠ox→oxen 公牛注意,一些以man, woman 结尾的合成词在构成复数时,其变化规则与man, woman 的变化形式相同。
如:Bad workmen often blame their tools. 手艺不好怨工具。
There are two policewomen at the door. 有两名女警察站在门口。
同时还要注意,human (人)和German (德国人)不是合成词,其复数不能按man 的变化规律,而是按规则变化,即用humans 和Germans。
三、名词可数性问题1. 可数与不可数名词英语名词根据其是否可以用数目来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(一)可数名词,顾名思义,指的就是可以用数字来计算的名词,如bird是可数名词,因为我们可以说one bird(一只鸟), two birds(两只鸟), several birds(几只鸟), many birds(许多只鸟)等。
(二)不可数名词则是指不能用数字来计算的名词,如snow, water, milk, air, weather, information 等等。
我们可以说some water, a lot of water等,但是不能说a water, two water, several water, many water 等。
弄清一个名词是否可数,在英语中十分重要,因为只有把这两者区别开来,我们才能知道什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数;什么时候用冠词或不用冠词;以及如何使用适当的数量词,如a few, much, many等。
2. 一个常见错误我们在汉语中可以说“这是书”“那是笔”等,而不一定要说成“这是一本书”“那是一支笔”等,也就是说,其中的“一本”“一支”等经常可以省略,但在英语中就完全不同了,我们只能说:This is a book. / That is a pen. 而绝不可以说:This is book. / That is pen. 这是许多初学英语的人感到困惑的地方。
根据英语语法和习惯,可数名词通常不可以“单独使用”。
所谓单独使用,就是指不带任何限定词。
对了,大家可能对限定词这一提法还不太熟悉,其实它是现代英语中一个很常用的语法术语,它包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、某些不定代词等。
大家知道,book 和pen 都是可数名词,所以我们不可以单独用它,应根据需要在前面加适当的限定词,如说:This is my book. / This is your book. / This is a pen.等,但是不能说:This is book. 尽管它与汉语中的“这是书”完全对应,但它是错误的。
下面请看一组正误句子:正:He is our English teacher. 他是我们的英语老师。
正:He is your English teacher. 他是你们的英语老师。
正:He is the English teacher. 他就是英语老师。
(特指)正:He is an English teacher. 他是一位英语老师。
(非特指)误:He is English teacher. (他是英语老师)前面四句尽管意思有所不同,但它们在语法上都是正确的。
最后一句之所以是错误的,是因为其中的English teacher是可数名词,而它前面却没有相应的冠词或其他限定词,被错误地“单独使用”了!记住:在汉语中我们经常省略“一个”“一名”“一位”“一支”“一辆”“一架”“一座”“一张”等,但在英语中与之相应的不定冠词却不是随便可以省略的噢!四、所有格1. 所有格定义:什么叫所有格?简单地说,所有格就是表示所属关系的,即表示某物为某人所有。
大家知道,汉语没有所有格,要表示某物为某人所有时,通常只需加个“的”字就OK了,如我们说“吉姆的电脑”,就是表示这台电脑为吉姆所拥有,这里的所属关系是通过其中的“的”字来体现的。
英语所有格的构成与汉语差不多,它通常是在名词词尾加上-’s构成,如this student的意思是“这个学生”,要表示“这个学生的家庭作业”,我们就说this student’s homework,其中的-’s大致相当于汉语“的”字。
2. 所有格的构成(1) 对单数名词而言:一个单数名词要构成所有格,我们通常是在它的后面加上撇号和字母s构成。
如:You should never ask a lady’s age. 你不应问女人的年龄。
Bill Smith’s surname is Smith. 比尔•史密斯姓史密斯。
即使这个单数名词以字母s结尾也是一样。
如:He was late for work, so he stole past his boss’s office. 他上班迟到了,所以就偷偷地走过老板的办公室。