变化中的英语复习重点总结

变化中的英语复习重点总结

1.全世界语言→ 4000-5000种(P7)

2.Dead language → no living speakers (P7)

3.Historical variation → variation over time

Regional variation → variation in different places (P15)

4.RP Standard English Network English:

Standard English → Written English

RP → Received Pronunciation ( Also Southern Educated British English)

Network English → Educated American English (P19)

5.V ocabulary change in English (P23-24)

6.词汇来源：Borrowing(e.g dim sum), Abbreviations(e.g MTR), Translations(e.g dragon

boat)(P28-29)

7.英国语言→English, Welsh(Wales地区) Gaelic （Scotland地区）( P36)

8.Dialects→ Different ways of speaking the same language

Accent → We are talking only about the sounds of the language in some places (P39)

nguage family:

English →Indo-European family(印欧语系)

Chinese → Sino-Tibetan family(汉藏语系) P64

10.英国历史上三次被入侵：

1) BC 1st– AD 5th→Latin- speaking Romans 来自Mediterranean

2)AD 5th - 8th and 9th→ Scandinavian斯堪的纳维亚人(Angles盎格鲁人, Saxons撒克逊部族, Jutes朱特族人) invaded Britain 来自North West Europe

3)AD 11th→French-speaking Normans 来自Normandy(P69-70)

11.Standard English:

A: Come from → South East

B: Reason →. Its importance is matter of culture and history(P75 )

13. A good English dictionary contains about 450,000 separate entries.(P86)

14.Receptive(听读) →You recognize a word and know what it means.

Productive（说写）→You can say a word or you can write it.

NOTE: 每个人的Receptive knowledge of vocabulary要大于Productive knowledge (P89-90)

15.Prescriptive teaching(说明性教学) →correct students’ mistakes

Productive teaching(输出性教学) → Practice students’ English by speaking and writing.

Descriptive teaching(描述性教学) → Tell students how English has changed and come to be

as it is now. P100 P103

18.美国历史（The New World: the continent of America:)

1584, 1585 Sir Walter Releigh’s two expeditions to the New World

1620→English Puritan Playmouth Mayflower

1775 → American war of Independence started

1785 → End of the A set up

1790 → First census人口普查held. About 90%of the population of British descent后裔P120-121

19. The US A → The melting-pot

In New York harbour → You ca n see the Statue of Liberty P122-123

21. 印度英语发展历史：The East India Company → Started in 17 century, by 1813, it came to

an end.

19th century → The English man named Macaulay was called the President of the

Committee of Public Instruction，set up universities of

English language P138-139

22. 澳大利亚Australia 形成，Captain Cook lead the first exploration in 1770

astronomical observation

18th century: penal colony (罪犯流放地) (P140-141)