Unit 英汉对比与翻译 二
unit9 汉英对比与翻译二
4、去年发现了一种稀有元素。 A rare element was found last year. 5、饿得他话都说不出来了。 It makes him so hungry that he can’t speak. • He is too hungry to speak. • • • •
• 6、能不能提前完成计划呢？ • Is it possible to carry out the plan ahead of time? • 7、只有慎之又慎，才能避免犯 不必要的错误。 • Being very careful, you (we) can avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
• 只要知道电压和电流就能够确定电阻。 • Knowing the voltage and current, you (we) can determine the resistance. • The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.
• 热得他们全身冒汗。 • It’s so hot that they are sweating like a pig. • 累得我走不动了。把我累得走不动 了。 • It makes me so tired that I can’t walk any more.
• 要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密 的调查工作和研究工作。 • In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.
四、采用there…be结构译出
Unit 2 英汉对比和翻译 共18页
Ø 红茶
Ø Take off
3)词的搭配
Ø The new dictionary has really taken off. (popular)
Ø Take off your wet shirt
Ø The doctor took off his wounded left leg. Ø They had to take off (取消) the show because
衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡须。
Ø 某些以－ible 或－able结尾的形容词用作定 语时，与every，the only，或形容词最高级 连用来修饰名词时，也常放在名词后
Ø We must help them in every way possible (every possible way). 我们一定要用一切可 能的办法来帮助他们。
of poor audience.
Ø You can take only one day off.
Ø The officer leading the inquiry has been taken
Collocation (continued)
Ø看 Ø 看电视 watch TV Ø 看黑板 look at the blackboard Ø 看电影 see a film Ø 看地图 study a map Ø 看小说 read a novel Ø 看朋友 visit a friend
Ø一个当选希望极微的候选人
5)set phrases:
Ø To make a monkey of
Ø To burn the boat
Ø To fish in the air
Ø To call a spade a spade
第2章英汉对比与翻译
这就要求译者在英译汉时既要准确把握数量众多 的英语短语的意思，还应考虑汉语行文习惯，适 当使用汉语四字结构和排比句式。
译文：It is funny that a beautiful girl like her should fall in love with such an ugly man.
Conclusion:
5. 英语前重心；汉语后重心
英语句子叙事往往是前重心，汉语则习惯 于后重心。
英语句子往往先说最近发生的事，再说先 前发生的事，基本按时间逆序展开；或者 先叙述事实，再说出其发生的时间、地点、 方式手段。汉语正好与此相反。此外，英 语句子往往先给出观点、结论、推断，再 加以论证；而汉语句子则习惯于先说事， 再总结，往往采用“前因后果”句式。
Conclusion:
8. 英语句子主语很少省略；汉语多用无主 语句。
主语在英语句子中的地位是不可动摇的， 除了祈使句、人物对话、说明书或某些特 殊实用文体中有时可省略主语，一般不使 用无主语句。
英译汉时许多英语句子的主语可以考虑省 略；汉译英时，则应力求主语到位。
例15
原句：As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of a historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.
Unit 2 英汉差异与翻译
冠词
A.
a fish a marriage a good dream Rome was not built in a day. Twins are naturally of an age. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
暗示, 暗指, 提及; 隐喻; 典故
allusion
examples
1. He was, and still is, devoted to teaching English. 2. Diamond cut diamond. 3. One boy is a boy; two boys half boy; three boys no boy. 4. The peace agreement signed at the eleventh hour.
proverb, 谚语,俗语,常言[C] "Haste makes waste" is a proverb. “欲速则不达”是一句谚语。 slang
俚语 Their conversation was full of slang. 他们的谈话充满了俚语。 行话;(盗贼等的)黑话,切口
C.
a bird’s-eye view of Xi’an St. Paul’s the barber’s a stone’s throw
D.
They fell in love at first sight. A view of Qinling Mountains can be obtained from the tower. The sight of the fly makes e
Unit two 英汉语言文化对比
Subject-prominent vs. Topicprominent
A subject-prominent language (eg English) is a language in which the grammatical units of subject and predicate (SV) are basic to the structure of sentences and in which sentences usually have subject-predicate structure.
知己知彼，百战不殆
We can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.
P41 主语的转换（汉语主语是非名词） 采用新工艺大大降低了产品的成本。
The adoption of the new process has greatly cut the cost of production.
上外大学英语精读book3P2
Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn’t want to be considered for an administration position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
英汉对比翻译Lesson 2(无作业版)
二、个性 1. 英语重视名词的分类 专有名词（proper noun）、普通名词（common noun） 普通名词：个体名词（individual noun）、集体名词 （collective noun）、物质名词（material noun）、抽 象名词（uncountable noun） • 个体名词+集体名词=可数名词（countable noun） • 物质名词+抽象名词=不可数名词（uncountable noun）
• • • • •
2）表示无生命的东西，一般前面加of Eg. the door of the teaching building 3）双重所有格 Eg. He is a good friend of my father’s.
说明父亲的好朋友不止一个。
He is a good friend of my father.
• 2. 复数名词 • 1）汉语在表达复数时，通常用语缀“们” • Eg. The students may work in teams or individually on this problem. • 同学们可以合作或独立解决这个问题。 • 2）有泛指意义的英语复数名词在汉译时不需使用复 数形式 • Eg. Cigarettes are harmful to our health. • 吸烟有害健康。
• 有些名词在不同场合，代表的意义不同， 可以 兼属两类（可数、不可数） • Eg. She bought chicken and turkey. 她买了鸡肉和火鸡肉。 • • She keeps chickens and turkeys. • 她饲养了一些小鸡和火鸡。
• 2. 名词性（gender）的形态化和词汇手段 • 1）汉语和英语中多数名词都是中性的，少数有生命 的名词需要阴阳性形式，通常采用词汇手段。 • Eg. she, girl, woman (she-wolf, girl-scout, woman-friend) • boy, man (boy-wonder, fireman) • 男/ 女（用于人）、公/母（用于动物）、雌/ 雄 （用于学名） • 坤（女性的）：坤包（lady’s handbag）、坤表 （women’s watch）、坤车（women’s bike）
英汉对比与翻译第二章
d) Omisห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ion
• A serious matter this for you and me. (= A serious matter is this for you and me./ This is a serious matter for you and me.) 对你和我来说，这是件严重的事情。
• b) extension of sentence parts • Adverbial extension • It would be nice if one had two heads and neither required sleep.
b）Expansion
• b) extension of sentence parts
a）Conversion
―There be…‖ • There was a knock at the door.
b）Extension
b）Extension
• a）adding modifier • Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers.
• 钢的结构及其形成的性质，取决于加热的温度和冷却 的速度。
c) Combination
c) Combination
• Simple sentences • Compound sentences • Complex sentences
c) Combination
1 汉译英概述及原则
2) 译文必须符合英语的习惯表达（英语惯用法， 避免中国式英语）：
百闻不如一见。 Seeing is believing. 宣传 propaganda（少用，多含负面成分）political propaganda；publicity多用，为中性词 精神文明 spiritual civilization (含宗教色彩) ethical and cultural progress
中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十年到七十年间内发展 起来。 China pursues a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, striving to become developed within a 5070 year period. Pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, China strives to become developed within a 50-70 year period. China is now carrying out the policies of reform and opening to the outside world and will strive to become developed in 50 to 70 years.
三条原则：
1) 译文必须符合英语的语法：三种轴 心结构： a. 主－系－表结构 (S+V+P) a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了？ How long has man been on earth? b) 牛奶变酸了。 Milk turns sour.
英汉翻译教程unit2英译汉
Unit 2England before the industrial Revolution工业革命前的英国状况The country was a place（乡村）where men worked f rom dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness.在乡村，人们从早到晚都在不停的干活，这些在田野间劳作的人们，并非沐浴在阳光之下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。
The country a place : 是表语，表达主语的性质，功能，特点Work : avoid ambiguity from dawn to dark :aliiteration 从早到晚the labourer : 在田间劳作的人们lived in the sun : 沐浴在阳光下but in poverty and darkness. 穷困潦倒，暗无天日What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, whichThere were what aids to lighten labour 整个句子主语（系表结构）was already ancient in Chaucer’s time.能够减轻人体力劳动力的机器早就有了。
例如：磨坊，早在乔叟的年代就不是什么新鲜的事了(乔叟13世纪中后期)。
Definition 下定义法What aids: n. 什么帮助lighten labour ---lessen 减轻劳动immemorial ：不知道从哪个年代都有了The mill：磨坊was already ancient in + 时间time ：在某个时代早就不是什么新鲜事了The industrial revolution began with such machines; the millrights were the engineers of t he coming age.这些机器都标志着工业革命的开始；这些最早搭建磨坊的工匠们，就成为工业革命时代的缔造者。
Unit 2 英汉对比
For example:
Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?
我有一个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?
In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
人（若）不犯我，我（则）不犯人。〔语序） We will not attack unless we are attacked
.发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 Promote physical culture, and build up People’s health.
Each of the broadcasting companies is linked to approximately 200 affiliated stations to
Hypotaxis is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives.
Parataxis is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them.
Cultural Differences between Western Countries and China
I. Different customs II. Different associations III. Different beliefs and values IV. Different etiquette
英汉语言对比与翻译第2讲课后思考题
3. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.
Difference 3
English : Static (静态)
英汉语言对比与翻译 Contrast and Translation between
English and Chinese
Lecture 2 英汉语系统对比与翻译
小结
1
被动与主动
2
物称与人称
3
静态与动态
翻译下面三张PPT的 句子，并结合本讲内容 找出英汉表达的不同点。 10月16日上课检查。
课后思考
Difference 1 English : Passive (被动) Chinese: Active (主动)
课后思考
1. Astonishment and even horror oppressed him.
2. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
1. They are paid for this. 2. The difficulties have been
overcome, and the problem solved. 3. Table tennis is played all over China. 4. Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
出来。
3. The sight of the big tree 我一看到那棵大树就想 always reminds me of my 起了童年的情景。 childhood.
Chapter4Chapter4英汉对比与翻译（二）
Chapter4Chapter4英汉对比与翻译（二）Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese (Part II) Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately.Main Language points:Comparative studies of syntactic structure in Chinese and EnglishDifficult teaching points: hypotactic & paratactic; subject-prominent & topic prominent; static & dynamic.Teaching references:1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社，20022. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社；彭长江. 英汉－汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社；3. 陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，2004Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice1. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合)As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so fa r as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis.Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives;Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them;Examples:1. That is our policy and that is our declaration.—— W. Churchill这就是我们的国策。
Unit 2 英汉语比较
Unit 2 Macro-contrastive study of English and Chinese授课时间：Week 4授课类型：理论课、练习课授课题目：Unit 2 Macro-contrastive study of English and Chinese本授课单元教学目标：Students will be able to:1. become aware of the differences between English and Chinese from a lexical perspective.2. become aware of the differences between English and Chinese from a s yntactic perspective.3. become aware of the differences between English and Chinese from a c ultural perspective本授课单元教学重点和难点：Syntactic Differences between English and Chinese本授课单元教学过程设计：Warm-up Activities (15 m’)Group Discussion: What differences do you find between the Chinese version and the English version respectively? (10 minutes)Ss read quotations from classical Chinese literature and their corresponding version of English translation. T is to elicit from the students their understanding of the differences between English and Chinese.1.凤姐还欲问时，只听二门上传来云板，连叩四下，将凤姐惊醒。
新人教版英语必修第二册课文翻译与英汉学习差异
新人教版英语必修第二册课文翻译与英汉学习差异Unit 1 Cultural heritageReading and ThinkingFROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS从问题重重到迎刃而解Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.社会进步需要经济发展。
新旧更替的时代已经带来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
在发展与文化遗址保护之间寻找恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in1959.然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。
Unit 2 英汉差异
III What is the translation process?1、理解理解（comprehension）背景了解（Background）How’s this for a coincidence? Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln were born in the same year, on the same day: Feb. 12, 1809. As historical facts go, it amounts to little more than a footnote. Still, while it’s just a coincidence, it’s a coincidence that’s guaranteed to make you do a double take the first time you run across it. Everybody knows Darwin and Lincoln were near-mythic figures in the 19th century. The scientist and the politician each touched off a revolution that changed the world.Both men were private and guarded. Most of Darwin’s friendships were conducted through the mail, and after his five-year voyage on HMS Beagle as a young man, he rarely left his home in the English countryside.Lincoln, though a much more public man, carefully cultivated a bumpkin persona that encouraged both friends and enemies to underestimate his considerable, almost Machiavellian skill as a politician.语法分析、语义分析、语体分析和语篇分析（grammatical analysis, semantic analysis, stylistic analysis and text analysis）How’s this for a coincidence? Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln were born in the same year, on the same day: Feb. 12, 1809. As historical facts go, it amounts to little more than a footnote. Still, while it’s just a coincidence, it’s a coincidence that’sguaranteed to make you do a double take the first time you run across it. Everybody knows Darwin and Lincoln were near-mythic figures in the 19th century. The scientist and the politician each touched off a revolution that changed the world.Both men were private and guarded. Most of Darwin’s friendships were conducted through the mail, and after his five-year voyage on HMS Beagle as a young man, he rarely left his home in the English countryside. Lincoln, though a much more public man, carefully cultivated a bumpkin persona that encouraged both friends and enemies to underestimate his considerable, almost Machiavellian skill as a politician.权谋政治家Three years later, Qassem spent six months in a Jericho prison due to depicting Arafat in a book as a Machiavellian ruler who maintains control by pitting his underlings against oneanother.３年后，卡西姆在杰里科的一所监狱被关押了６个月，因为他在一本书中称阿拉法特是个玩弄权术的统治者，通过让手下的人互相争斗来维持自己的统治。
Unit1-Unit3课文原文及翻译英汉对照版(素材)人教PEP版英语四年级上册
人教版PEP英语四班级上册课文原文及翻译英汉对比版Unit 1 Unit1 ALet's talk英语课文翻译Hey, Zhang Peng. We have a new classroom.嘿，张鹏。
我们有间新教室。
Really? What’s in the classroom?真的吗？教室里面有什么？Let’s go and see!我们去看看吧！It’s so big!它是如此大！Look! My picture!看！我的图画！Where is it?它在哪儿？It’s near the window.就在窗户旁边。
Unit1 BLet's talk英语课文翻译Let’s clean the classroom!我们清扫教室吧！OK.好的。
Let me clean the teacher’s desk.我来擦讲台。
Let me clean the windows.我来擦窗户。
Let me help you.我来关心你。
Thank you.感谢你。
Unit1 BLet's checkListen and tick (√)or cross (×) .英语课文翻译Listen and tick (√) or cross(×)．1. Girl: Let’s clean the classroom, Mike.1. 女孩：我们清扫教室吧，迈克。
Boy: OK. Let me clean the blackboard!男孩：好的。
我来擦黑板！Girl: Let me clean the desks!女孩：我来擦书桌！2．Girl: This is my classroom. The walls are green, the floor is white, and the desks are brown.2．女孩：这是我的教室。
墙壁是绿色的，地板是白色的，书桌是棕色的。
Unit 2 英汉差异与翻译
• 14. The teacher introduced that healthy, intelligent-looking, little boy to us.
• 15. No river in the world carries so much water as the Amazon ( 亚马逊河). • 16. Time is much more precious than money.
(累得要死)
尊敬人，他就会做的更多。
6. In 1998 the export value of HongKong garments was 6 times that of 1997.
1998年香港的服装出口比1997年增加了6倍。
7. Johnson’s plan is out of question.
B. 翻译下列短文 Literal translation and Liberal Translation Practically there are two kinds of translation. One is literal translation and the other is liberal translation. The two methods are both necessary, that is to say, you may use either of them to do translation work. While, in most cases, both of them should be employed together in order to make the translation FAITHFUL and SMOOTH. Literal translation refers to a representation of the form or word order of the original. Liberal translation, however, does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original. We can hardly say which method is better, each has its merits and defects. Some people prefer literal translation and others like liberal translation.
第2章 英汉对比与翻译
Conclusion:
3. 英语多被动（Passive）；汉语多主动（Active） 英语多使用被动语态，汉语则较少使用。英语使用被动 语态主要是为了强调句子的动作承受者；不知道或没必 要说出动作的执行者；为了行文准确客观。英语的论说 文体特别是科技文章，使用被动结构的概率有时可多达 75%以上，因为西方人在陈述道理时推崇“客观性”， 而十分忌讳主观推论。 翻译时，为适应汉语行文习惯，英语的被动语态往往可 以考虑翻译成汉语的主动结构。另外，英译汉时，要尊 重汉语习惯，多使用动词或短语组句；多用流水句，少 用长句；多用人称主语，少用非人称主语；多使用主动 结构，少使用被动结构。
例13 原句：By changing daily food and randomly selecting clothes, we avoid establishing a pattern of life. 原译：通过改变每天的食品和随意挑选衣服，我 们避免了形成一个固定的生活模式。 改译：欲避免一成不变的生活模式，可改变每天 的饮食，随意选择不同的服装。 例14 原句：已经拟定了一份新的课程纲要。 译文：A new syllabus has been drawn up.
Conclusion:
8. 英语句子主语很少省略；汉语多用无主 语句。 主语在英语句子中的地位是不可动摇的， 除了祈使句、人物对话、说明书或某些特 殊实用文体中有时可省略主语，一般不使 用无主语句。 英译汉时许多英语句子的主语可以考虑省 略；汉译英时，则应力求主语到位。
例15 原句：As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of a historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it. 译文：我们就住在路边。过路人或外乡人常到我们家，尝 尝我们家酿的酸果酒。这种酒有点名气，我敢说，尝过的 从未挑剔过。我这话像历史学家的话一样靠得住。 例16 原句：A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out. 原译：一个儿子、一份工作还有家务活把浪漫给逐出去了。 改译：夫妇二人有了儿子，又要工作，又要做家务，就不 能再 卿卿我我了。
新标准综合英语第二册课后汉译英参考译文
新标准综合英语第二册课后汉译英参考译文Unit 2 （P35）1.“不以物喜，不以己悲”出自北宋文学家范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》，意识是凡事都要以一颗平常心看待，不因外部事物的好坏和自己的得失而或喜或悲。
Being not pleased by external gains, nor saddened by personal losses is a statement from the essay “Remarks of Yueyang Tower” by Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. The statement means one should look at and accept things as they are, and remain unbothered by external matters or personal gains or losses.2.它是一种思想境界，体现了中国的传统道家思想，教导人们最求一种淡然平静的心态。
It is a mental outlook that reflects the traditional Taoist ideas of China, instructing people to become calm and detached.3.在物质文明高度发达的今天，保持这种心态仍显得十分重要。
Even today, when we have a highly developed material civilization, keeping such a state of mind is still important.4.当你拥有了这种心境，生活就会多一些阳光，多一些快乐。
When you possess such a state of mind, you will be able to live a brighter and more joyous life.●external n. 外部；外观；外面adj. 外部的；表面的；[药] 外用的；外国的；外面的●statement n. 声明；陈述，叙述；报表，清单final statement决算表; 最终报表; 最后陈述; 结算单●remarks n. 评论（remark的复数）；摘要；附注remark n. 注意；言辞vt. 评论；觉察vi. 谈论●detached v. 分离adj. 分离的，分开的；超然的●Spiritual civilization 精神文明material civilization 物质文明Unit 4 （P73）1.20世纪中后期，随着科学技术的迅速发展，以网络技术为代表的高科技相继问世。
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?D）Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality. (inverted)
?当时我确实 还不太懂战争的意义以及 战争实际上是怎么回事。
? E） By the time he entered college, he had been exposed to English for 6 years.
英汉对比与翻译 （二） 英汉句法现象的对比
2. 句法现象的对比
A: People are always talking about “the problem of youth”. If there is one—which I take leave to doubt—then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
?人们总是在谈论 “青年人问题”。如 果真有这么一个问题 ——对这一点我 要不揣冒昧地表示怀疑 ——那也是年 长者造出来的，而不是青年人自己造 成的。让我们认真考虑一下问题的根 本吧，而且我们要承认青年人毕竟是 人——跟他们长辈一样的人。青年人 和老年人之间只有一点不同，那就是 青年人的光辉未来在他们前头，而老 年人的辉煌已经留在他们身后，或许 这就是问题之所在 。
? 上大学前，他学英语已经有六年时间了。 ? 英语和汉语句子中语态的使用频率存在一定的差异。被
动语态在英语中的使用比率相对与汉语而言要多。
?Nothing was gained by all the over caution.
?所有这些谨小慎微，到头来一无所得。
?I must have been cheated again.
英语的时态有十六种，与汉语的时态相比要复杂得 多，汉语一般没有时态的变化。
如：I will go to Beijing tomorrow afternoon.
( 我明天下午去北京)
Jack used to be a government official, but he is in prison now.
? B. He that loves glass without G,
? Takes away L and that is he.
中文也有类似拆字游戏：
此木是柴山山出
因火生烟夕夕多（纪）
? ( Glass without G is lass, meaning a “young woman”. If the L is taken away from “lass” what remains is an “ass”, referring to a donkey or a stupid person.
(杰克从前是个政府官员，现在是犯人。）
2）句子结构
?A）The two countries—with all the talk of warmer relations—are spying on each other as avidly as at the height of the cold war.
?大自然为保护鲸，使它不致在北 冰洋受冻，便让它长了一曾厚厚 的脂肪，叫做鲸脂。鲸杀死后， 把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有 的在船上进行，有的在岸上进行。
3）复合句顺序（短语顺序）
? 翻译下列句子，注意排列顺序的差异：
? Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a “high temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its centre roughly thirty miles above the ground.
?(尽管两国高唱关系改善，但双方仍像在 冷战期间一样互相侦察对方）
?B）The question is whether he can understand what she said about her position.
?(问题是他能不能理解她的立场）
?C）Hardly had he got home, it began to rain cats and dogs.
? Thus, it means “ He who loves women is a stupid person”.孙( 利民, 2005:74)
? 在翻译实践中，我们通常把句子作为操作处理的 基本单位。英语和汉语的句子结构及句法既有相 似之处，更有明显的区别。（傅晓玲等，2004： 58）
1）时态对比：
?我准是又上当了。
?To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.