基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计外文翻译

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毕业论文外文文献翻译PLC物料自动分拣系统PLC-automatic-sorting-system

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：PLC物料自动分拣系统文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文翻译PLC今天PLC (programmable logical controller)，可编程序逻辑控制器)面临着更为复杂的挑战。

当初，它们悄悄地取代了继电器、接触器并时不时见诸于公司主框架的报告。

而今，他们已经组成了各种单元、被赋予新的任务、使用新的语言，并面临着与各种新型控制产品竞争。

作为每年一度PLC技术最新报道，我们请教了PLC市场销售人员，制作了这个专刊。

编程语言高级PLC编程语言已经在有些方面很普及，但是最近高级编程语言已经迅速发展。

西门子的总经理兼生产部长指出：“可编程控制在被广泛的应用与于精密操作，除了梯形图逻辑以外的编程语言变得更加实用、有效和强大。

例如，用梯形图逻辑写一个三角函数公式是非常困难的。

”被接收的语言包括Boolean,控制系统流程图编制，和如公式编制语言Graphtec和与它类似的语言，并且还有增加的重要语言如C语言和BASIC语言。

过程控制中的PLCPLC还没有广泛的应用于过程控制中。

是否会一直这样下去呢？北美GE Fanuc一系列和六系列的生产企划经理Ken Jeannette说：“我觉得PLC将被用于过程控制但是对于过程控制又不是必须的。

”一些厂家十分确定PLC不会广泛用于过程控制。

Rich Ryan经理提到PLC 在食品、化学和石油等工业领域越来越多的应用。

他认为PLC适合应用于场合有两种，他说：“第一，过程控制系统的型号不适合离散控制系统，刚开始这些产品的价格非常的高。

而一个可编程控制器以它的体积小，价格低顺理成章的被应用。

第二，你必须把电路和逻辑紧密的结合起来。

例如，一组基本的控制器，连续的过程变量紧密的互相联系在一起，以至于用可编程控制器来完成一系列的逻辑胜过没有离散控制器的系统。

基于S7300PLC物料分拣系统的设计设计

本科生毕业设计(论文)学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：自动化学生：指导教师：完成日期年月基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计Software Design of Material SortingSystem Based on S7-300 PLC总计：29页表格：3个插图： 20 幅本科毕业设计（论文）基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计Software Design of Material Sorting System Based on S7-300 PLC学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：自动化学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计自动化专业[摘要] 本文是基于西门子S7-300 PLC和西门子触摸屏的物料分拣系统设计。

采用S7-300 PLC为控制器，以西门子触摸屏为人机对话接口。

通过分析控制系统的工艺流程，利用西门子编程软件STEP 7完成了PLC的程序设计，实现了气动机械手对物料的分拣功能。

同时使用西门子HMI软件Wincc Flexible设计系统监控画面，定义I/O 设备，构造数据库，建立动画连接并与硬件系统进行了联合调试，在触摸屏上实现了对系统的实时控制。

[关键词]物料分拣；气动机械手；S7-300 PLC；触摸屏Software Design of Material SortingSystem Based on S7-300 PLCAutomation Specialty XU Bao-haiAbstract: This paper designs the material sorting system on the basis of Siemens S7-300 PLC and Siemens touch screen. S7-300 PLC is utilized as the controller and Siemens touch screen is adopted as the human machine interface conversation. By analyzing the control system process flows, PLC procedures are designed by means of Siemens’programming software STEP 7, and the purpose of materials’ sorting function with pneumatic manipulator is achieved. Meanwhile, Siemens’ HMI software, Wincc Flexible, is used to design monitor- ing screen of system, to define I/O equipments, to construct the database, to build animation and to debug on-line with hardware system. In the end, the goal of real time monitoring for the system on the touch screen is achieved.Key words: Material sorting; pneumatic manipulator; S7-300 programmable logic controller; touch screen目录1 引言 (1)1.1 物料分拣系统的概述 (1)1.2 物料分拣系统的国内外研究现状 (1)1.3 研究的目的及意义 (1)2 物料分拣系统的硬件分析 (2)2.1 控制系统的设计 (2)2.1.1 物料分拣系统的分析 (2)2.1.2 控制器的选型 (2)2.2 空气压缩机的工作原理及使用 (3)2.3 接近开关的工作原理 (3)2.4 带磁性开关的气缸的工作原理 (4)2.5 光纤传感器的工作原理 (4)2.6 电控换向阀的工作原理 (4)2.7 NPN型电平与PNP型的转换 (5)2.8 物料分拣系统的结构 (5)3 物料分拣系统的软件设计 (6)3.1 PLC程序设计步骤 (6)3.2 机械手移动的工艺流程 (7)3.3 PLC程序的地址分配 (7)3.4 程序流程图的设计 (8)3.4.1 物料分拣系统的工作流程 (8)3.4.2 程序流程图的设计 (10)3.5 物料分拣系统程序的设计 (10)3.5.1 PLC的编程原则 (10)3.5.2 STEP 7 V5.4编程软件的使用 (10)3.5.3 程序的设计 (13)4 HMI（触摸屏）的应用 (13)4.1 HMI概述 (13)4.2 HMI实现方法和步骤 (13)4.2.1 HMI组态 (13)4.2.2 HMI与PLC的连接和传送 (16)结束语 (18)参考文献 (19)附录..................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

基于PLC的自动分拣系统的设计

2018年第5期时代农机TIMES AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY第45卷第5期Vol.45No.52018年5月May.2018基于PLC 的自动分拣系统的设计李梦瑶（永城职业学院，河南永城476600）作者简介：李梦瑶（1985-），女，硕士，助教，研究方向：控制理论与控制工程。

摘要：分拣工作是物流配送中的一个最重要的环节，原有的人工分拣的缺点很多，已经不能适应现代化的生产节奏。

自动分拣能提高物流配送的工作效率、降低成本、节省人力，而且也能提高分拣的正确率。

自动分拣机可以依据不同用户的订单要求和配送安排，快速、无误地将商品或物料自动分拣出来，并能进行连续作业。

本设计是在理解自动和分拣系统基本原理的基础上，以PLC 为控制核心，结合变频器、触摸屏、电磁阀气缸、传感器技术等技术，从而完成对物品的自动分拣工作。

关键词：PLC；分拣；自动；变频器现代物流业的关键词就是自动化。

物流中最关键的步骤就是分拣，分拣即是根据不同的物料进行分类并归置，放到不同的物料桶中。

可编程控制器（简称PLC ）是一种专门用于工业控制的计算机。

本设计中的自动分拣机利用PLC 为控制系统，对3种不同物料进行自动分拣。

硬件系统主要由铝合金导轨式实训台、上料机构、上料检测机构、搬运机构、物料传送、分拣机构等组成。

图1是本设计中的自动分拣系统的结构图。

其中PLC 为控制器。

系统的控制部分由PLC 、触摸屏构成。

系统的执行机构则是气动电磁阀气缸构成的气压驱动装置，来完成物料的抓取、传送、分拣。

进而使真个分拣系统自动连续工作，完成物料的自动分拣工作。

图1自动分拣系统的结构图1工作原理工作流程如下：①送料；通过送料电机的驱动放料盘旋转，物料由送料槽到提升位置，物料检测光电传感器开始检测有无物料。

②抓料；当物料检测光电传感器检测到有物料，PLC 将接收到传感器发出的指令，PLC 驱动电磁阀上料，机械手臂抓物。

③放料；机械手臂完成将物料放到传送带上，传送带运输物料。

plc单片机毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照

外文翻译：The monolithic In order to prevent without authorization the visit or the copy monolithic integrated circuit machine in the procedure, the majority of monolithic integrated circuits all has the encryption to lock the localization or the encryption byte, by protects the internal procedure. If in programming time encrypts locks the localization to enable (locking), is unable with the ordinary programming directly reading in the monolithic integrated circuit the procedure, this is the so-called copy protection or says the fixed function. In fact, such protective measures are very frail, is very easily explained. The monolithic integrated circuit aggressor with the aid of the special purpose equipment or the self-made equipment, using the monolithic integrated circuit chip design in loophole or the software flaw, through the many kinds of technical method, may withdraw the essential information from the chip, gains in the monolithic integrated circuit the procedure. Therefore, has the newest technology extremely as electronic products project engineer which the essential understanding current monolithic integrated circuit attacks, achieves knows oneself and the other side, knows fairly well, can effectively prevent oneself spends the product which the massive moneys and the time laboriously designs the matter occurrence which is counterfeited by a others night between.monolithic integrated circuits attacks technology：At present, attacks the monolithic integrated circuit mainly to have four kind of technologies, respectively is:This technical usual use processor correspondence connection and in the use agreement, the encryption algorithm or these algorithm security loophole carries on the attack. The software attack obtains the success a case in point is to early A T M E L A the T 89 C series monolithic integrated circuit attack. The aggressor has used in this series monolithic integrated circuit cleaning operation succession design loophole, uses from arranges the procedure to lock the localization after the cleaning encryption, stops the next step of cleaning internal program memory data the operation, thus makes to add the dense monolithic integrated circuit not to turn the encryption monolithic integrated circuit, then use programming read-out internal procedure.This technology usually monitors the processor by the high time resolution when the normal operation all power sources and the connection connection simulation characteristic, and through monitors its electromagnetic radiation characteristic to implement the attack. Because the monolithic integrated circuit is an active electronic device, when it carries out the different instruction, the corresponding mains input consumption also correspondingly changes. Like this analyzes and examines these changes through the use special electronic surveying instrument and mathematics statistical method, then gains in the monolithic integrated circuit the specific essential information.the mistake has the technology This technical use exceptionally working condition causes the processor to make a mistake, then provides the extra visit to carry on the attack. Uses the most widespread mistake to have the attack method including the voltage impact and the clock impact. The low voltage and the high voltage attack may usefor to forbid the protection circuit work or to fortected the information. The power source and the clock transient state jump may affect the single scroll instruction in certain processors the decoding and the ece the processor to carry out the misoperation. Perhaps the clock transient state jump can reposition the protection circuit but not to be able to destroy is proxecution.This technology is the direct exposed chip interior segment, then the observation, holds controls, disturbs the monolithic integrated circuit by to achieve the attack goal.In order to facilitate in order to, the people divide into above four kind of attacks technology two kinds, a kind is the invasion attack (physical attack), this kind of attack needs to destroy the seal, then with the aid of the semiconductor test facility, the microscope and the micro locator, several hours even several week time can complete on the special laboratory flower. All micro probes technology all belongs to the invasion attack. Moreover three methods belong to the non- invasion attack, the monolithic integrated circuit which attacks cannot by the physical damage. In certain situation non- invasion attacks is specially dangerous, this is because the non- invasion attack needs the equipment usually to be possible the self-restraint and the promotion, therefore is extremely inexpensive.The majority of non- invasions attack needs the aggressor to have the good processor knowledge and the software knowledge. Is opposite with it, the invasion probe attack then does not need too many initial knowledge,moreover usually may use the one whole set similar technology to cope with the width scope the product. Therefore, the attack often starts to the monolithic integrated circuit from the invasion reverse engineering, the accumulation experience is helpful to the development more inexpensive and the fast non- invasion attack technology.Last step will be seeks the protection melt silk the position and protects the melt silk to expose under the ultraviolet ray. With enlargement factor at least 100 time of microscopes, inputs the foot from the programming voltage the segment to track generally, seeks the protection melt silk.This technical use exceptionally working condition causes the processor to make a mistake, then provides the extra visit to carry on the attack. Uses the most widespread mistake to have the attack method including the voltage impact and the clock impact. The low voltage and the high voltage attack may use for to forbid the protection circuit work or to force the processor to carry out the misoperation. Perhaps the clock transient state jump can reposition the protection circuit but not to be able to destroy is protected the information. The power source and the clock transient state jump may affect the single scroll instruction in certain processors the decoding and the execution.(4) probe technologyThis technology is the direct exposed chip interior segment, then the observation, holds controls, disturbs the monolithic integrated circuit by to achieve the attack goal.In order to facilitate in order to, the people divide into above four kindof attacks technology two kinds, a kind is the invasion attack (physical attack), this kind of attack needs to destroy the seal, then with the aid of the semiconductor test facility, the microscope and the micro locator, several hours even several week time can complete on the special laboratory flower. All micro probes technology all belongs to the invasion attack. Moreover three methods belong to the non- invasion attack, the monolithic integrated circuit which attacks cannot by the physical damage. In certain situation non- invasion attacks is specially dangerous, this is because the non- invasion attack needs the equipment usually to be possible the self-restraint and the promotion, therefore is extremely inexpensive.The majority of non- invasions attack needs the aggressor to have the good processor knowledge and the software knowledge. Is opposite with it, the invasion probe attack then does not need too many initial knowledge,moreover usually may use the one whole set similar technology to cope with the width scope the product. Therefore, the attack often starts to the monolithic integrated circuit from the invasion reverse engineering, the accumulation experience is helpful to the development more inexpensive and the fast non- invasion attack technology.3 invasions attacks general process：The invasion attack first step uncovers the chip seal. Some two methods may achieve this goal: The first kind is dissolves the chip seal completely, the exposed metal segment. The second kind is only moves above the silicon nucleus plastic seal. The first method needs the chip to tests on the jig, with the aid of Taiwan to operate. The second method except needs to have the aggressor certain knowledge and Wants outside skill, but also needs individual wisdom and the patience, but operates relatively quite is convenient.Above the chip plastic may use the knife to open, around the chip epoxy resin may use the aqua fortis perish. The hot aqua fortis can dissolve the chip seal but not to be able to affect the chip and the segment. This process carries on generally under the extremely dry condition, because the water existence possibly can corrode already the aluminum wire connection which exposes.Then first uses the acetone in the supersonic pond to clean this chip by except the remaining nitric acid, then cleans with the clear water by and is dry except the salinity. Not the supersonic pond, jumps over generally this step. In this kind of situation, the chip surface can a little dirty, but not too affects the ultraviolet ray to the chip operation effect.Last step will be seeks the protection melt silk the position and protects the melt silk to expose under the ultraviolet ray. With enlargement factor at least 100 time of microscopes, inputs the foot from the programming voltage the segment to track generally, seeks the protection melt silk.If does not have the microscope, then uses the chip different partially exposes to the ultraviolet ray under and the observed result way carries on the simple search. When operation applies not the opaque slip of paper cover chipby to protect the program memory not by the ultraviolet ray cleaning. Will protect the melt silk to expose in the ultraviolet ray next 5 ~ 10 minutes can broken the protection position protective function, afterwards, will use the simple programming to be possible the direct readout program memory content.Regarding used the protective layer to protect E E P R O the M unit the monolithic integrated circuit to say that, the use ultraviolet ray repositioned the protection circuit is not feasible. Regarding this kind of type monolithic integrated circuit, uses the micro probe technology reading the memory content generally. Opens after the chip seal, puts in the chip under the microscope to be able very easy finding中文翻译单片机为了防止未经授权访问或拷贝单片机的机内程序，大部分单片机都带有加密锁定位或者加密字节，以保护片内程序。

基于PLC控制的物料自动分拣系统设计

基于PLC控制的物料自动分拣系统设计【摘要】可编程序逻辑控制器（简称为PLC）主要是为现场控制而设计，是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，由于具有良好的适应性和可扩展能力，而得到越来越广泛的应用。

传统的物料分拣企业，一直采用人工分拣的方法，致使生产效率低，生产成本高，企业的竞争能力差，为提高企业效率，材料的自动分拣已成为企业的唯一选择。

针对上述问题，本文利用PLC技术，结合气动、传感器和位置控制等技术，设计了一种成本低、效率高的材料自动分拣装置。

本文设计的自动分拣装置可以将不同材质的物料进行分拣，搬运。

为高校的教学与科研提供了一个系统的操作平台。

【关键词】PLC；物料分拣；传感器；1、引言在工业生产应用中成品或者半成品工件的分拣是流水作业的重要组成部份。

过去采用的人工分拣或半机械分拣方法劳动强度大、速度慢、效率低导致企业生产成本高竞争力差。

随着机械自动化水平的不断提高，自动分拣技术在物品分拣中的应用越来越广泛，已成为企业提高竞争能力的唯一选择，既减少人力资源的浪费，又减轻工人的劳动强度，还提高生产效率，大大加强产品生产的自动化。

[2]本文设计的物料自动分拣系统是一个机、电、气集合的综合体，系统的程序主要由三菱FX-2N系列PLC控制；由变频器及传感器控制输送带运行；各类传感器实现材料的检测、姿势的判别等。

在对物料自动分拣系统使用的PLC及控制技术分析的基础上，提出电气控制系统的总体方案，设计整个系统控制部分与传动部分连接，结合PLC梯形图分析了程序设计思路与主要控制功能。

2、FX系列PLC原理及应用2.1 PLC概述可编程逻辑控制器（Programmable Logic Controller，简称PLC）是专为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作电子系统，是微机技术与传统的继电接触控制技术相结合的产物，它克服了继电接触控制系统中的机械触点的接线复杂、可靠性低、功耗高、通用性和灵活性差的缺点，充分利用了微处理器的优点。

(完整版)PLC毕业设计的外文文献(及翻译)

PLC technique discussion and future developmentT.J.byersElectronic Test Equipment-principles and ApplicationsPrinceton University .AmericaAlong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc, well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path.We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipmentsdirect conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and dates, the ROM can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can't is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold orman-machine interface you knew, it combines with the PLC to our larger space.HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think to be good.At a lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.The PLC correspondence has already come more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between Places, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the data’s to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to pressthe action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.The form that information transport contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workers .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but can't give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 and can send out similar to accept the data, but can't send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can't answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in canting have an error margins in a dates deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipments, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments...etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc, can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not themistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.A line of transmission of the information contains a string of and combines the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, and 8 differentiations are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to carry on the long range control. But combine the ocular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of ocular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind.The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly breaks off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC; also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.Each equipment always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of that is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again. Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work. Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some dates of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establish time that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily. A state software can pass all se hardwires link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make airship go up the sky.The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain. The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展T.J.拜尔斯（电子测试设备原理及应用普林斯顿大学）随着时代的发展，当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈；单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景，也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。

PLC物料自动分拣系统PLC-automatic-sorting-system毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

当初，它们悄悄地取代了继电器、接触器并时不时见诸于公司主框架的报告。

而今，他们已经组成了各种单元、被赋予新的任务、使用新的语言，并面临着与各种新型控制产品竞争。

作为每年一度PLC技术最新报道，我们请教了PLC市场销售人员，制作了这个专刊。

编程语言高级PLC编程语言已经在有些方面很普及，但是最近高级编程语言已经迅速发展。

西门子的总经理兼生产部长指出：“可编程控制在被广泛的应用与于精密操作，除了梯形图逻辑以外的编程语言变得更加实用、有效和强大。

例如，用梯形图逻辑写一个三角函数公式是非常困难的。

”被接收的语言包括Boolean,控制系统流程图编制，和如公式编制语言Graphtec和与它类似的语言，并且还有增加的重要语言如C语言和BASIC语言。

过程控制中的PLCPLC还没有广泛的应用于过程控制中。

是否会一直这样下去呢？北美GE Fanuc一系列和六系列的生产企划经理Ken Jeannette说：“我觉得PLC将被用于过程控制但是对于过程控制又不是必须的。

”一些厂家十分确定PLC不会广泛用于过程控制。

Rich Ryan经理提到PLC 在食品、化学和石油等工业领域越来越多的应用。

他认为PLC适合应用于场合有两种，他说：“第一，过程控制系统的型号不适合离散控制系统，刚开始这些产品的价格非常的高。

而一个可编程控制器以它的体积小，价格低顺理成章的被应用。

第二，你必须把电路和逻辑紧密的结合起来。

例如，一组基本的控制器，连续的过程变量紧密的互相联系在一起，以至于用可编程控制器来完成一系列的逻辑胜过没有离散控制器的系统。

开题报告基于PLC控制的物料分拣系统设计1

开题报告基于PLC控制的物料分拣系统设计11。

课程名称和来源名称:基于可编程控制器控制的物料分类系统设计来源:自选题目2。

主要研究(设计)目的和意义2.1背景自动分拣系统(Automatic Sorting System)是二战后在美国和日本的物流中心首次广泛使用的自动化操作系统。

该系统现已成为发达国家大中型物流中心不可或缺的一部分。

该系统的操作过程可以简单描述如下:移动中心每天通过各种运输方式接收数百家供应商或发货人发送的数千件商品，在最短的时间内卸载这些商品，并根据商品品种、发货人、储存地点或交货地点对其进行快速准确的分类，并将这些商品运输到指定的地点(如指定的货架、加工区、交货平台等)。

)。

同时，当供应商或业主通知物流中心根据发货指令发货时，自动分拣系统在最短的时间内准确地从巨大的高层货架存储系统中找到需要发货的货物的位置，并根据需要的数量发货，根据不同的发货入口点将不同数量的货物从不同的存储位置运送到不同的理货区或发货平台进行装载和配送2.2研究自动分拣系统的意义在生产行业中起着重要的作用其可靠性、优越性、在应用领域的适用性、系统的经济效益以及成本分类系统可以灵活实现与其他物流设备的无缝连接，如自动化仓库、各种仓储站、自动收发货链、各种车辆、机器人等。

实现物资物流和物资信息流的分配和管理[3]采用本发明的分拣系统，大大降低了人工分拣和堆放物料的劳动强度，操作人员无需进行大量的报表工作和清单工作来跟踪物料，显著提高了劳动生产率。

此外，减少甚至取消诸如材料仓库人员、材料经销商和货运代理等间接劳动力的工作量进一步直接降低了运营成本。

由于分拣系统运行平稳，安全性高，同时减少了人工取料的数量，减少了对物品的损坏，从而为客户创造了更多的价值，为公司赢得了更多的信誉和商机。

2.3国外研究现状自动分拣系统(Automatic分拣系统)是二战后在美国、日本和欧洲的1199大型中型物流中心广泛使用的一种分拣系统。

基于plc控制的物料分拣系统设计外文翻译

Programmable logic controllerA programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs.Early PLCs were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were programmed in "ladder logic", which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic. This program notation was chosen to reduce training demands for the existing technicians. Other early PLCs used a form of instruction list programming, based on a stack-based logic solver.Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from ladder logic tomore traditional programming languages such as BASIC and C. Another method is State Logic, a very high-level programming language designed to program PLCs based on state transition diagrams.Many early PLCs did not have accompanying programming terminals that were capable of graphical representation of the logic, and so the logic was instead represented as a series of logic expressions in some version of Boolean format, similar to Boolean algebra. As programming terminals evolved, it became more common for ladder logic to be used, for the aforementioned reasons. Newer formats such as State Logic and Function Block (which is similar to the way logic is depicted when using digital integrated logic circuits) exist, but they are still not as popular as ladder logic.A primary reason for this is that PLCs solve the logic in a predictable and repeating sequence, and ladder logic allows the programmer (the person writing the logic) to see any issues with the timing of the logic sequence more easily than would be possible in other formats.Early PLCs, up to the mid-1980s, were programmed using proprietary programming panels or special-purpose programming terminals, which often had dedicated function keys representing the various logical elements of PLC programs. Programs were stored on cassette tape cartridges. Facilities for printing and documentation were very minimal due to lack of memory capacity. The very oldest PLCs used non-volatile magnetic core memory.More recently, PLCs are programmed using application software on personal computers. The computer is connected to the PLC through Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422 cabling. The programming software allows entry and editing of the ladder-style logic. Generally the software provides functions for debugging and troubleshooting the PLC software, for example, by highlighting portions of the logic to show current status during operation or via simulation. The software will upload and download the PLC program, for backup and restoration purposes. In some models of programmable controller, the program is transferred from a personal computer to the PLC though a programming board which writes the program into a removable chip such as an EEPROM or EPROM.The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential relay control, motion control, process control, distributed control systems and networking. The data handling, storage, processing power and communication capabilities of some modern PLCs are approximately equivalent to desktop computers. PLC-like programming combined with remote I/O hardware, allow a general-purpose desktop computer to overlap some PLCs in certain applications. Regarding the practicality of these desktop computer based logic controllers, it is important to note that they have not been generally accepted in heavy industry because the desktop computers run on less stable operating systems than do PLCs, and because the desktop computer hardware is typically not designed to the same levels of tolerance to temperature, humidity, vibration, and longevity as the processors used in PLCs. In addition to the hardware limitations of desktop based logic, operating systems such asWindows do not lend themselves to deterministic logic execution, with the result that the logic may not always respond to changes in logic state or input status with the extreme consistency in timing as is expected from PLCs. Still, such desktop logic applications find use in less critical situations, such as laboratory automation and use in small facilities where the application is less demanding and critical, because they are generally much less expensive than PLCs.In more recent years, small products called PLRs (programmable logic relays), and also by similar names, have become more common and accepted. These are very much like PLCs, and are used in light industry where only a few points of I/O (i.e. a few signals coming in from the real world and a few going out) are involved, and low cost is desired. These small devices are typically made in a common physical size and shape by several manufacturers, and branded by the makers of larger PLCs to fill out their low end product range. Popular names include PICO Controller, NANO PLC, and other names implying very small controllers. Most of these have between 8 and 12 digital inputs, 4 and 8 digital outputs, and up to 2 analog inputs. Size is usually about 4" wide, 3" high, and 3" deep. Most such devices include a tiny postage stamp sized LCD screen for viewing simplified ladder logic (only a very small portion of the program being visible at a given time) and status of I/O points, and typically these screens are accompanied by a 4-way rocker push-button plus four more separate push-buttons, similar to the key buttons on a VCR remote control, and used to navigate and edit the logic. Most have a small plug for connecting via RS-232 or RS-485 to a personal computer so that programmers can use simple Windows applications for programming instead of being forced to use the tiny LCD and push-button set for this purpose. Unlike regular PLCs that are usually modular and greatly expandable, the PLRs are usually not modular or expandable, but their price can be two orders of magnitude less than a PLC and they still offer robust design and deterministic execution of the logic.4.PLC TopicsThe main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems. Some use machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids, or analog outputs. The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC.4.2System scaleA small PLC will have a fixed number of connections built in for inputs and outputs. Typically, expansions are available if the base model has insufficient I/O.Modular PLCs have a chassis (also called a rack) into which are placed modules with different functions. The processor and selection of I/O modules is customised for the particular application. Several racks can be administered by a single processor,and may have thousands of inputs and outputs. A special high speed serial I/O link is used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large plants.4.3User interfacePLCs may need to interact with people for the purpose of configuration, alarm reporting or everyday control.A simple system may use buttons and lights to interact with the user. Text displays are available as well as graphical touch screens. More complex systems use a programming and monitoring software installed on a computer, with the PLC connected via a communication interface.PLCs have built in communications ports, usually 9-pin RS-232, but optionally EIA-485 or Ethernet. Modbus, BACnet or DF1 is usually included as one of the communications protocols. Other options include various fieldbuses such as DeviceNet or Profibus. Other communications protocols that may be used are listed in the List of automation protocols.Most modern PLCs can communicate over a network to some other system, such as a computer running a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system or web browser.PLCs used in larger I/O systems may have peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between processors. This allows separate parts of a complex process to have individual control while allowing the subsystems to co-ordinate over the communication link. These communication links are also often used for HMI devices such as keypads or PC-type workstations.PLC programs are typically written in a special application on a personal computer, then downloaded by a direct-connection cable or over a network to the PLC. The program is stored in the PLC either in battery-backed-up RAM or some other non-volatile flash memory. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays.Under the IEC 61131-3 standard, PLCs can be programmed using standards-based programming languages. A graphical programming notation called Sequential Function Charts is available on certain programmable controllers. Initially most PLCs utilized Ladder Logic Diagram Programming, a model which emulated electromechanical control panel devices (such as the contact and coils of relays) which PLCs replaced. This model remains common today.IEC 61131-3 currently defines five programming languages for programmable control systems: FBD (Function block diagram), LD (Ladder diagram), ST (Structured text, similar to the Pascal programming language), IL (Instruction list, similar to assembly language) and SFC (Sequential function chart). These techniques emphasize logical organization of operations.While the fundamental concepts of PLC programming are common to all manufacturers, differences in I/O addressing, memory organization and instruction sets mean that PLC programs are never perfectly interchangeable between differentmakers. Even within the same product line of a single manufacturer, different models may not be directly compatible.5.PLC compared with other control systemsPLCs are well-adapted to a range of automation tasks. These are typically industrial processes in manufacturing where the cost of developing and maintaining the automation system is high relative to the total cost of the automation, and where changes to the system would be expected during its operational life. PLCs contain input and output devices compatible with industrial pilot devices and controls; little electrical design is required, and the design problem centers on expressing the desired sequence of operations. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economic due to the lower cost of the components, which can be optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution, and where the non-recurring engineering charges are spread over thousands or millions of units.For high volume or very simple fixed automation tasks, different techniques are used. For example, a consumer dishwasher would be controlled by an electromechanical cam timer costing only a few dollars in production quantities.A microcontroller-based design would be appropriate where hundreds or thousands of units will be produced and so the development cost (design of power supplies, input/output hardware and necessary testing and certification) can be spread over many sales, and where the end-user would not need to alter the control. Automotive applications are an example; millions of units are built each year, and very few end-users alter the programming of these controllers. However, some specialty vehicles such as transit busses economically use PLCs instead of custom-designed controls, because the volumes are low and the development cost would be uneconomic.Very complex process control, such as used in the chemical industry, may require algorithms and performance beyond the capability of even high-performance PLCs. Very high-speed or precision controls may also require customized solutions; for example, aircraft flight controls.Programmable controllers are widely used in motion control, positioning control and torque control. Some manufacturers produce motion control units to be integrated with PLC so that G-code (involving a CNC machine) can be used to instruct machine movements.PLCs may include logic for single-variable feedback analog control loop, a "proportional, integral, derivative" or "PID controller". A PID loop could be used to control the temperature of a manufacturing process, for example. Historically PLCs were usually configured with only a few analog control loops; where processes required hundreds or thousands of loops, a distributed control system (DCS) would instead be used. As PLCs have become more powerful, the boundary between DCS and PLC applications has become less distinct.PLCs have similar functionality as Remote Terminal Units. An RTU, however, usually does not support control algorithms or control loops. As hardware rapidlybecomes more powerful and cheaper, RTUs, PLCs and DCSs are increasingly beginning to overlap in responsibilities, and many vendors sell RTUs with PLC-like features and vice versa. The industry has standardized on the IEC 61131-3 functional block language for creating programs to run on RTUs and PLCs, although nearly all vendors also offer proprietary alternatives and associated development environments.6.Digital and analog signalsDigital or discrete signals behave as binary switches, yielding simply an On or Off signal (1 or 0, True or False, respectively). Push buttons, limit switches, and photoelectric sensors are examples of devices providing a discrete signal. Discrete signals are sent using either voltage or current, where a specific range is designated as On and another as Off. For example, a PLC might use 24 V DC I/O, with values above 22 V DC representing On, values below 2VDC representing Off, and intermediate values undefined. Initially, PLCs had only discrete I/O.Analog signals are like volume controls, with a range of values between zero and full-scale. These are typically interpreted as integer values (counts) by the PLC, with various ranges of accuracy depending on the device and the number of bits available to store the data. As PLCs typically use 16-bit signed binary processors, the integer values are limited between -32,768 and +32,767. Pressure, temperature, flow, and weight are often represented by analog signals. Analog signals can use voltage or current with a magnitude proportional to the value of the process signal. For example, an analog 0 - 10 V input or 4-20 mA would be converted into an integer value of 0 - 32767.可编程逻辑控制器可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）或可编程序控制器是用于机电过程自动化的数字计算机，例如控制机械厂生产线、游乐设施或照明装置。

基于西门子S7-200系列PLC的自动货物分拣系统

毕业设计之五兆芳芳创作专业：班级学号：学生姓名：指导教师：二〇一三年五月本科生结业设计基于西门子S7-200系列PLC的自动货色分拣系统Based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC automatic cargo sortingsystem2013年 5月摘要随着社会飞速成长，电子商务买卖下，货色的流通量日益增长，使得人工对货色的分拣也显得效率不高，劳动强度大；本文以Siemens S7-200系列PLC为控制器，结合Siemens上位机组态软件Wincc，设计、模拟了自动仓库货色分拣系统，上位机与PLC的系统的数据互换采取OPC Scout协议技巧；系统大概任务进程为：货色经检录入仓后，经机械人取货放入主传送带，主传送带一侧的传感器对货色进行阐发检测，传感器信号传达至PLC，PLC输出相应命令驱动气动执行机构，进行货色的分拣，货色被拣入缓存仓后经机械人取货至出仓，或分发到立体仓库经堆垛机进行货色的储存；系统体现了现代自动化技巧，运行稳定的同时更容易于操纵员的监控.关头词：PLC Wincc OPC 传感器堆垛机ABSTRACTAlong with the social rapid development，the electronic commerce trade，of goods in circulation，increasing makes manual sorting of goods also appears efficiency is not high,，the labor intensity；Based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC as controller，combining with Siemens upper unitconfiguration software Wincc, design, simulation, automatic warehouse goods sorting system，PC and PLC in the system of data exchange by OPC technology Scout agreement；System work process is：probably after roll call warehousing of goods，the robot take cargo put into the conveyor belt，the conveyor belt，analyze the goods side of the sensor，the sensor signals to PLC，PLC output corresponding command driven actuator，the sorting of goods，after the goods be picked into slow inventory via robot take the goods to the warehouse，or distributed to warehouse by the stacker for storage of goods；System embodies the modern automation technology，running stable and easier to operator's monitoring．Keywords: PLC Wincc OPCSensor Piler目录摘要1ABSTRACT21 引言1研究布景及内容1仓库货色分拣系统概述1仓库货色分拣系统的成长状况1堆垛机的概述2堆垛机的成长22 西门子S7-200PLC概述32.1 产品概述32.1.1 S7-200 CPU32.2 S7-200系列PLC的任务原理33自动货色分拣系统的硬件设计4系统的控制要求4计划设计53.2.1 PLC控制系统的总体设计53.2.2 PLC系统设计的基来源根底则63.2.3 PLC系统设计的主要内容64自动货色分拣系统的软件设计8系统流程图8系统涉及到的软件9编程软件94.2.2 OPC办事器94.2.3 OPC办事器的以太网通讯处理器的设置104.2.4 STEP7与OPC硬件组态134.3 组态画面的设计144.4 程序编写的设计16结论22参考文献22致谢231引言分拣作业是仓库货色输送中的一个关头环节，它指的是依据货色信息及货色属性，迅速、准确地将商品从储位或其他区域拣出，并依照一定方法进行分类、集中储存，等待配装送货的作业进程.分拣是配送中心作业中最繁锁，任务量最大的环节，也是配送中心作业系统的焦点.如今，商品经济逐步深入，社会需求呈现出向小批量、多品种标的目的成长的趋势，配送商品的种类和数量急剧增加，这使得分拣作业在配送中心作业的比重越来越大.随着电子技巧的成熟，仓库货色的分拣也越来越依靠的电子设备及计较机的帮助控制，从而达到最优效率；基于PLC的货色自动分拣系统，具有稳定性强，效率高，网络构架丰厚等特点，越发受到存眷.构建分拣系统是一个庞杂的进程.从计划设计到实现，需要考虑良多因素.分拣系统与上游的仓储系统以及下游的装运送货系统都有着紧密的联系，所以还要考虑它们之间的衔接，解决好接口的问题.成立分拣系统首先应了解分拣作业的流程，明确系统需要完成的任务.就实际运作进程来看，分拣作业主要由生成挑撰信息、行走或搬运、拣货、分类和集中四个根本环节组成.其中: 挑撰信息是分拣任务的指令，一般由顾客订单或送货单经加工处理而成，以拣货单或电子信号等形式存在; 行走搬运是分拣作业人员或机械直接接触并拿取和移动货色的进程.实现形式主要有三种，一是人员通过步行或搭乘运载东西到达货色储位; 二是货色随自动化货架到达人员面前; 三是无人介入的自动分拣系统中完全由机械自动完成；货色的分拣是依照挑撰信息的指示抓取货色并确认的进程，是分拣作业的焦点，按照货色体积、重量、出货频率等的不合分为手工、机械帮助及自动化设备等实现形式; 分类集中是需要时（如批量挑撰时）为了衔接出货装运作业而进行的再加工，在实际中也有人力分货、机械帮助和自动分货机等实现形式. 分拣作业流程是分拣系统的业务流程依据，公道利用机械、自动化设备，采取新技巧可以节约作业时间、下降分拣错误率，也是构建分拣系统的目标与关头.最初的分拣系统是完全基于人力的作业系统，通过人工搜索、搬运货色来完成货色的提取.在这种系统中，书面文件的制作和查找、人工搬运等浪费了巨大的人力物力，作业效率低下，显然无法满足现代化物流配送对速度和准确性的高要求.随着科学技巧的飞速成长，分拣系统中开始运用各类各样的自动化机械设备，计较机控制技巧和信息技巧成为信息传递和处理的重要手段.虽然在多数的分拣系统中，某些作业环节还需要有人工的介入，但作业强度已越来越小，完全由机械完成分拣作业的自动分拣系统也应运而生.机械化、自动化、智能化成为现代分拣系统的主要特点与成长趋势.在现代的仓库货色分拣系统中，高科技的应用为作业效率和质量的提高提供了坚实的技巧包管.现代化的分拣系统逐渐成为物流机械化系统、信息系统以及办理组织系统的有机组合.物流机械化系统主要是各类物流设备的有效组合和配置，信息系统是分拣信息和控制信息等流动的载体，办理组织系统担任设备、人员的调度，控制系统总体的运作模式.计较机控制技巧、信息技巧以及物流自动化机械成为现代分拣系统的重要组成部分.堆垛机是仓库货色分拣系统的重要组成部分，它是整个系统的执行部件，存货时将货色从出/入货台准确的存放到货位里，取货时将货色从货位中取回到出入货台.无论何种类型的堆垛机，一般都由水平行走机构、起升机构、载货台及货叉机构、机架和电气设备等根本部分组成.它是在所谓高层、高速、高密度储藏的概念下的产品.尽管各厂家各有独创，结构形式有些差别，但可以说大同小异，所有的堆垛机都不过乎由机架、载货台、伸缩货叉、轨道和控制系统等部分组成.初期的仓库货色使用的堆垛机以桥式起重机为根本，这种堆垛机是从起重机的大梁上悬挂一个门架，利用门架的上下和旋转来搬运货色.1960年左右在美国出现了巷道式堆垛机，随后巷道式堆垛机逐渐替代了受重量和跨度限制的桥式堆垛机.1967年日本装置了高度10-15米的高层堆垛机，1969年出现了联机全自动化仓库，我国事在上世纪70年代初期开始研究采取巷道式堆垛机的立体仓库.目前的堆垛机技巧取得了重大的成长，控制技巧、定位精度、运行速度都得到了很大程度的提高.巷道式堆垛机的起升速度已经可以达到90m/min，运行速度达到240m/min，在有的立体仓库中采取上、下两层辨别用巷道堆垛机进行搬运作业的办法提超出跨越入库能力.2 西门子S7-200PLC 概述2.1 产品概述S7--200系列是一种可编程序逻辑控制器（Micro PLCs ）.它能够控制各类设备以满足自动化控制需求.S7--200的用户程序中包含了位逻辑、计数器、定时器、庞杂数学运算以及与其它智能模块通讯等指令内容，从而使它能够监督输入状态，改动输出状态以达到控制目的.紧凑的结构、灵活的配置和强大的指令集使S7--200成为各类控制应用的理想解决计划.2.1.1 S7-200CPUS7--200 CPU 将一个微处理器、一个集成电源和数字量I/O 点集成在一个紧凑的封装中，从而形成了一个功效强大的微型PLC ，拜见图2-1.在下载了程序之后，S7--200将保存所需的逻辑，用于监控应用程序中的输入输出设备.图2-1 S7-200的中央处理单元Siemens 公司提供多种类型的CPU 以适应各类应用，如表2-2中介绍了S7-200系列的对各类CPU 特性.表2-2 S7-200系列PLC 的技巧指标原理PLC 的任务进程一般可分为三个主要阶段：输入采样阶段，程序执行阶段和输出刷新阶段，如2-2图所示.图2-2 PLC 任务进程 1、输入采样阶段 PLC 以扫描任务方法，按顺序将所有信号读入到存放输入状态的输入映像区中存储，这一进程称为采样.在整个任务周期内，这个采样结果的内容不会改动，并且这个采样结果将在PLC 执行程序时被使用.2、程序执行阶段 PLC 按顺序进行扫描，即从上到下、从左到右地扫描每条指令，并辨别从输入映像区和输出映像区中取得所需的数据进交运算、处理，再将程序执行的结果写入现场输入输入模板输入映像区执行用户程序输出映像区输出模板输出装置输入采样阶段程序执行阶段输出刷新阶段存放执行结果的输出映像区中保管.这个结果在程序执行期间可能产生变更，但在整个程序未执行完毕之前不会到输出端口.3、输出刷新阶段在执行完用户所有程序后，PLC将输出映像区中的内容送到存放输出状态的输出锁存器中，再去驱动用户设备.PLC重复执行上述三个阶段，每重复一次的时间称为一个扫描周期.PLC在一个任务周期中，输入采样和输出刷新的时间一般为毫秒级，而程序执行时间因程序的长度不合而不合.PLC一个扫描周期因CPU模块的运算速度不同很大.当PLC投入运行后，重复完成以上三个阶段的任务，即采取循环扫描任务进程.PLC任务的主要特点是输入输出采样、程序执行、输出刷新的“串行”任务坊式，这样既可避免继电器、接触器控制系统中的触电竞争和时序凌乱，又可提高PLC的运算速度，这是PLC系统可靠性高、响应快的原因.但是，也导致输出对输入在时间上的滞后.3自动货色分拣系统的硬件设计系统的控制要求一、主要技巧指标：基于Siemens s7-226PLC进行编程控制，结合Siemens机组态软件WinCC，进行系统的监控、仿真模拟运行设计.二、任务进程阐发：自动货色分拣系统包含检录货色、货色阐发、货色输送、货色分拣、机械手臂取货装置、堆垛储存和报警功效等组成.（1）检录货色：货色经仓库传送入库的传感器检测到时，取货机械手将执行取货命令，将货色送往下级传送带.（2）货色阐发：货色经传送带入口处信息检录，在传送带上，货色的固有属性，如体积，质料等经相关传感器检测后，将检测信息传达到控制单元.（3）货色输送：上源端的货色在主传送带经检测后将进行货色的分拣，经不合要求，执行货色的存储或出仓.（4）货色分拣：在主传送带一侧设有若干个分拣格口，货色经过阐发后，气动回路通过电磁阀可控制分拣推杆的前推和撤退退却，将货色按其自身属性，如材质、体积等，进行分拣，送入不合的缓存储位；为了储存漏检测的货色与特殊货色，在主传送带的末端还设有应急储位；储存仓库辨别设有接近开关检测各储位是否有货色.（5）机械手取货装置：为气动控制，可在X 、Y 2个标的目的运动，从不合的缓存储位取得货色后送往仓库出口传送带.（6）堆垛存储：如果货色需要存放，则通过堆垛机的上升与下降，使于不合的货色存储在立体仓库，取货出仓时也雷同；为了便利操纵员控制，堆垛机设有手动与自动任务方法.(7) 报警功效系统产生毛病时，如传送带停止、货色溢出等，传感器将信号传达控制单元后，系统立即响应处理，上位机操纵画面中的毛病指示闪烁.只要毛病排除，并按下毛病复位按钮后，系统持续运行.自动货色分拣系统的大致流程为：货色进仓进行暂时堆放，当下达存储货色命令后，货色经机械手抓取后到主传送带，住传送带设有相应检测传感器件，进行货色的检测，信号传达到PLC ，PLC 处理传感器的信号并输出对应信号驱动执行机构，当下达出仓指令或堆垛储存指令后，由出仓机械手实现对货色的调取、分收回仓或通过传送带送往立体仓库区进行堆垛储存流程图由3-1所示.自动货色分拣系统的总体流程三、编程标准：Siemens s7-200系列PLC 使用STEP7 MicroWIN V4.0编程软件，编写梯形图程序，实现自动货色分拣系统的任务要求.四、系统演示：用Siemens 组态软件Wincc 组态好画面，通过PLC 与上位机Wincc 的数据互换，实现自动货色分拣系统的任务进程的模拟运行、监控、报警等功效. 计划设计自动仓库货色分拣系统的被控对象一般为机械加工设备、电器设备、传送带或传送进程.控制计划设计主要包含硬件设计、软件程序设计、施工设计及调试等几部分外容.3PLC 控制系统的总体设计由于PLC 应用便利、可靠性高，在各个行业、各个领域大量地应用着各类类型的PLC.随着PLC自己的功效不竭的拓宽与增强，它已成为继电器控制柜的替代物，逐渐进入到进程控制和闭环控制等各个领域，它所能控制的系统越来越庞杂，控制范围越来越庞大.因此，如何用PLC完成实际控制系统的应用设计，是每个从事电气自动化控制技巧人员所面临的实际问题.然而，随着PLC应用场合的不合，控制范围的不合，使用经验的不合等，目前还没有一个固定的设计模式.尽管如此，仍是可以按照PLC的任务特点和以往的经验，提出PLC控制系统设计应当遵循的基来源根底则和一般的设计步调，以及实际应用时的注意事项.可编程控制器的一个重要特点就是一旦选择好机型后，就可以同步进行系统设计和现场施工.因此，在了解了PLC的根本任务原理及掌握该机型的指令系统和编程原则后，就可以把PLC应用在实际的工程项目中.当采取PLC组成一个实际的控制系统时，这种系统的设计就是PLC的应用设计.3.2.2 PLC系统设计的基来源根底则1、最大限度的满足被控对象提出的各项性能指标为明确控制任务和控制系统应有的功效，设计人员在进行设计前，就应深入现场进行调查研究，搜集资料，与机械部分的设计人员和实际操纵人员密切配合，配合拟定电气控制计划，以便协同解决在设计进程中出现的各类问题.2、确保控制系统的平安可靠电气控制系统的可靠性就是生命线，不克不及平安可靠任务的电气控制系统，是不成能长期投入生产运行的.尤其是在以提高产品数量和质量，包管生产平安为目标的应用场合，必须将可靠性放在首位，甚至组成冗余控制系统.3、力求控制系统复杂在能够满足控制要求和包管可靠任务的前提下，应力求控制系统组成复杂.只有组成复杂的控制系统才具有经济性、实用性的特点，才干做到使用便利和维护容易.4、留有适当的裕量考虑到生产范围的扩大，生产工艺的改良，控制任务的增加，以及维护便利的需要，要充分利用可编程控制器易于扩充的特点，在选择PLC的容量（包含存储器的容量、机架插槽数、Ｉ／Ｏ点的数量等）时，应留有时当的裕量.3.2.3 PLC系统设计的主要内容1．明确设计任务和技巧条件设计任务和技巧条件一般以设计任务书的方法给出，在设计任务书中，应明确各项设计要求、约束条件及控制方法.因此，设计任务书是整个系统设计的依据.2．确定用户输入设备和输出设备用户的输入、输出设备是组成PLC控制系统中，除了作为控制器的PLC自己以外的硬件设备，是进行机型选择和软件设计的依据.因此，要明确输入设备的类型（如控制按钮、行程开关、操纵开关、检测元件、庇护器件、传感器等）和数量，输出设备的类型（如信号灯、接触器、继电器等执行元件）和数量，以及由输出设备驱动的负载（如电动机、电磁阀等）.并进行分类、汇总.3．选择可编程控制器的机型可编程控制器是整个控制系统的焦点部件，正确、公道的选择机型对于包管整个系统的技巧经济性能指标起着重要的作用.4．分派Ｉ／Ｏ地址，绘制Ｉ／Ｏ接线图通过对用户输入、输出设备的阐发、分类和整理，进行相应的Ｉ/Ｏ地址分派，并据此绘制Ｉ／Ｏ接线图.本设计的I/O分派表如表3-2所示；输入输出地址地址对象地址地址对象手/自动切换1号机械人急停1号传送带信息检录确认执行器11号机械人执行器21号传送带执行器3执行器1 堆堆栈1执行器2 堆堆栈2执行器3 堆堆栈31号限位开关2号机械人2号机械人2号传送带2号传送带堆垛机1出仓传感器堆垛机2报警解除堆垛机3体积传感器-大限位报警灯体积传感器-中传送带报警灯体积传感器-小急停指示灯表3-2 自动货色分拣系统的I/O分派表5．设计控制程序按照控制任务和所选择的机型以及Ｉ／Ｏ接线图，一般采取梯形图语言设计系统的控制程序.设计控制程序就是设计应用软件，这对于包管整个系统平安可靠的运行至关重要，必须经过频频调试，使之满足控制要求.6．需要时设计非尺度设备在进行设备选型时，应尽量选用尺度设备.如无尺度设备可选，还可能需要设计操纵台、控制柜、模拟显示屏等非尺度设备.7．编制控制系统的技巧文件在设计任务完成后，要编制系统的技巧文件.技巧文件一般应包含设计说明书、使用说明书、Ｉ／Ｏ接线图和控制程序（如梯形图等）.4自动货色分拣系统的软件设计系统流程图具体任务进程如图4-1，4-2所示：图4-2 自动货色分拣系统任务流程系统涉及到的软件4.2.1STEP 7 MicroWIN编程软件STEP7-Micro/WIN32是SIEMENS公司专为SIMATIC系列S7-200研制开发的编程软件，它是基于Windows平台的应用软件.STEP7-Micro/WIN32可以使用团体计较机作为图形编辑器，用于联机或脱机开发用户程序，并可在线实时监控用户程序的执行状态.启动STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32编程软件，其主界面外不雅如图4-3所示.主界面一般可以分为以下几个部分：主菜单、东西条、浏览条、指令树、用户窗口、输出窗口和状态条.除菜单条外，用户可以按照需要通过检视菜单和窗口菜单决定其它窗口的取舍和样式的设置.图4-3 编程软件主画面4.2.2OPC办事器一、产生布景OPC诞生以前，硬件的驱动器和与其连接的应用程序之间的接口并没有统一的尺度.例如，在FA(FactoryAutomation)——工场自动化领域，连接PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)等控制设备和SCADA／HMI软件，需要不合的FA网络系统组成.按照某调查结果，在控制系统软件开发的所需用度中，各类各样机械的应用程序设计占用度的7成，而开发机械设备间的连接接口则占了3成.此外，在PA(Process Automation)——进程自动化领域，当希望把散布式控制系统(DCS——Distributed Control System)中所有的进程数据传送到生产办理系统时，必须依照各个供给厂商的各个机种开发特定的接口，例如，利用C语言DLL(动态链路数据库)连接的DDE(动态数据互换)办事器或利用FTP(文件传送协定)的文本等设计应用程序.如由4种控制设备和与其连接的监督、趋势图以及表报3种应用程序所组成的系统时，必须破费大量时间去开发辨别对应设备A，B，C，D的监督，趋势图以及表报应用程序的接口软件合计要用12种驱动器.同时由于系统中共存各类各样的驱动器，也使维护运转情况的稳定性和信赖性加倍困难.而OPC是为了不合供给厂商的设备和应用程序之间的软件接口尺度化，使其间的数据互换加倍复杂化的目的而提出的.作为结果，从而可以向用户提供不依靠于特定开发语言和开发情况的可以自由组合使用的进程控制软件组件产品.利用OPC的系统，是由依照应用程序(客户程序)的要求提供数据收集办事的OPC办事器，使用OPC办事器所必须的OPC接口，以及接受办事的OPC应用程序所组成.OPC办事器是依照各个供给厂商的硬件所开发的，使之可以吸收各个供给厂商硬件和系统的差别，从而实现不依存于硬件的系统组成.同时利用一种叫做Variant 的数据类型，可以不依存于硬件中固有数据类型，依照应用程序的要求提供数据格局.二、应用领域1、工控解决计划用户2、楼控解决计划用户3、工控解决计划厂商4、楼控解决计划厂商5、工控解决计划集成商6、楼控解决计划集成商7、All Automation Fields如图4-4所示为OPC的现场总线应用模式:左面类似现场设备现场设备依次为槽内添加OP Sever和IE General，添加“IE General”完毕，弹出相应对话栏，对话栏显示MAC地址，和IP地址，此IP地址是PC的IP地址，如图4-6所示，点击OK并在“Station Name”处单击鼠标，为此任务站点修更名字为“LZ”，如图4-7所示.图4-5 PC站点的任务画面图4-6 PC站点的IE组件添加图4-7 PC站点的名字更改二、以太网模块向导的设置：双击桌面“”，打开编程软件，在编程窗口菜单栏中找到“东西”，在下拉菜单中找到并打开如4-8图所示的“以太网向导”,选择模块位置后，要为此向导设置IP地址，如4-9图示.指定命令字节和模块配置的连接数目，为此设置连接请求，可以选择接受所有也可以为此成立唯一的一个IP连接请求并为远程属性设置TSAP，设置TSAP为“”；需要为数据块中的此配置生成CRC庇护，最后为向导建议一个地址，这样，我们就完成了此次向导的设置，可以在编程窗口中找到并添加此向导子程序，如4-10图所示.图4-8 配置以太网向导图4-9 以太网向导IP的配置4-10 添加以太网向导子程序4.2.4STEP7与OPC硬件组态Wincc与S7-200PLC通讯的手段是利用OPC办事，而OPC站点的设置是成立在“STEP7”软件的硬件设置里，或说“STEP7”起到成立OPC办事，使得Wincc上位机与PLC通讯的“桥梁”.双击桌面名为“STEP7”的编程软件，新成立一个工程，为工程命名，在编程软件左半栏空白处，右击鼠标，在弹出列表中单击选择“Insert New Object”，在扩展栏中选择“SIMATIC PC Station”，为此工程添加一个PC站点，如4-11图所示.图4-11 添加PC站点添加完毕后，在窗口右边空白处，“MPI(1)”右边会增加一个“PC Station”，右击鼠标，并更更名字，名字为前面为PC站的硬件机架配置时设置名字“LZ”，双击进入已经更改好名字的PC站，进入PC站的硬件组态画面“HW Config”，接下来是为PC站的槽位拔出“OPC Server”和“IE General”，其位置和先前PC站的硬件机架配置时候一致，当拔出“IE General”时候，会弹出“Properties”对话框，为此新建一个以太网连接，并设置IP地址（此IP地址跟网上邻居的IP地址一致），如4-12图所示.硬件组态完毕后点击“”图标，便可以进行编译，编译完成后点击“”图标，便可下载此次的硬件组态.下载完成后，单击“Configure Network”按钮.单击“OPC Server ”在连接表第一行点击鼠标右键拔出一个新的连接或通过“Insert >new connection”拔出新连接.此后，将弹出“Insert new connection”对话框，单击“OK”后，便可完成一个连接.如4-13图与4-14图所示.图4-13 添加链接图4-14 添加好的连接4.3 组态画面的设计通过PC作为上位机显示画面，Wincc与PLC的数据交互，实现操纵员对现场的控制.系统组态图如图4-15、4-16、4-17所示：。

物流分拣中英文对照外文翻译文献

物流分拣中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)由一个单一的存储/检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题摘要随着现代化科技的发展，仓库式存储系统在设计与运行方面出现了巨大的改革。

自动化立体仓库（AS / RS）嵌入计算机驱动正变得越来越普遍。

由于AS / RS 使用的增加对计算机控制的需要与支持也在提高。

这项研究解决了在多巷道立体仓库的拣选问题，在这种存储/检索（S / R）操作中，每种货物可以在多个存储位置被寻址到。

提出运算方法的目标是，通过S/R系统拣选货物来最大限度的减少行程时间。

我们开发的遗传式和启发式算法，以及通过比较从大量的问题中得到一个最佳的解决方案。

关键词：自动化立体仓库，AS / RS系统，拣选，遗传算法。

1.言在现今的生产环境中，库存等级保持低于过去。

那是因为这种较小的存储系统不仅降低库存量还增加了拣选货物的速度。

自动化立体仓库（AS / RS），一方面通过提供快速响应，来达到高操作效率；另一方面它还有助于运作方面的系统响应时间，减少的拣选完成的总行程时间。

因此，它常被用于制造业、储存仓库和分配设备等行业中。

拣选是仓库检索功能的基本组成部分。

它的主要目的是，在预先指定的地点中选择适当数量的货物以满足客户拣选要求。

虽然拣选操作仅仅是物体在仓储中装卸操作之一，但它却是“最耗时间和花费最大的仓储功能。

许多情形下，仓储盈利的高低就在于是否能将拣选操作运行处理好”。

（Bozer和White）Ratliff和Rosenthal，他们关于自动化立体仓库系统（AS/RS）的拣选问题进行的研究，发明了基图算法，在阶梯式布局中选取最短的访问路径。

Roodbergen 和de Koster 拓展了Ratliff 和Rosenthal算法。

他们认为，在平行巷道拣选问题上，应该穿越巷道末端和中间端进行拣选，就此他们发明了一种动态的规划算法解决这问题。

就此Van den Berg 和Gademann发明了一种运输模型(TP)，它是对于指定的存储和卸载进行测算的仪器。

分拣物品控制系统PLC设计

分拣物品控制系统PLC设计分拣物品控制系统（Sorting Material Control System）是一项用于自动化物件分类和分拣的技术。

该系统包括一台可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），可通过输入和输出接口与其他机械设备和传感器进行通信。

在本文中，我们将详细介绍如何设计一个分拣物品控制系统的PLC。

首先，我们需要确定系统的需求和功能。

分拣物品控制系统的主要功能是根据物品的特征（如重量、大小、形状等）将物品分类到不同的位置或容器中。

因此，系统需要具备以下功能：物品识别、分类算法、分拣信号控制和通信接口。

在物品识别方面，我们可以利用传感器来获取物品的特征信息。

例如，光电传感器可以测量物体在传送带上的位置和大小。

重量传感器可以测量物体的重量。

通过这些传感器获取到的物体特征信息，将作为输入信号传输给PLC。

接下来是分类算法的设计。

分类算法根据物品的特征信息来判断物品属于哪个类别，并将分类结果发送给PLC。

根据具体的应用场景，可以采用不同的分类算法。

例如，对于重量分类，可以设定一个阈值，超过阈值的物品归为一类，低于阈值的物品归为另一类。

在PLC中，我们需要设计一个控制逻辑，将输入的特征信息与分类算法相结合，生成相应的输出信号。

输出信号可以控制分拣机械臂的运动，将物品送往正确的位置或容器。

例如，如果一个物品被判断为类别A，PLC将发送一个信号给机械臂，使其将物品送往类别A的容器。

通过类似的控制逻辑，可以实现物品的自动分类和分拣。

为了实现系统的稳定运行和故障诊断，还需要设计相应的检测和保护机制。

例如，当传感器或机械臂出现故障时，PLC能够及时发现并采取相应的措施，如发送警报信号或切换到备用设备。

此外，我们还需要设计一个通信接口，使PLC能够与其他设备进行通信。

例如，PLC可以通过以太网接口与上位机通信，以获取系统的状态信息和控制指令。

通过与上位机的通信，PLC可以实现远程监控和控制，提高系统的灵活性和可维护性。

外文翻译-基于PLC自动售货机控制系统设计

外文翻译-基于PLC自动售货机控制系统设计系别专业班级学生姓名学号指导教师PLC-based control system design vending machineWith highly modern people's lives, all intelligent automated new model is gradually into our daily lives, and more and more vending machines more widely used, it is to people's lives brought great convenient, and therefore its reliable and stable design, highlights the importance of vending machines are to be completed no vending, optical, mechanical, electrical integration of business automation equipment. Vending machines have not any space restrictions, convenient advantage of can 24h daily sales. For vending machine design a control system with reliable performance, wide voltage range and easy programming, easy to maintain. Vending machine for the automated business representatives are widely used in public places.The traditional vending machine control system using SCM as the control so that not only will do a great job with the ratio of the input and output interfaces and immunity system is relatively poor, it is also very cumbersome to maintain, and expensive.Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a combination of computer technology, automatic control technology and communication technology and a new type of industrial control devices developed its high reliability, simple programming, and easy maintenance have been in thefield of industrial control vending machines widely used because of the completion of the community as a retail and integrated services independent facilities require it to be reliable structure, highstability and efficiency. Development of PLC and computer technology, semiconductor technology, control is closely related to the development of technology, digital technology, high-tech communications network technology, the development of these high-tech promote the developmentof PLC, the PLC and the development of these high-tech a higher update request promote their development.1From the perspective of the development trend of the vending machine, and its appearance is due to the labor-intensive to technology-intensive industrial structure of the product of social change. Mass production, mass consumption, and changes in consumption patterns and sales environment, requires the emergence of new distribution channels; while relatively supermarket, department store shopping and other new distribution channels, labor costs are rising; coupled with the limitations of the venue shopping convenience and the constraints, etc. These factors. Vending machine industry has long been the rapid development in the United States, Japan and other countries, has gained wide popularity in many countries. According to industry estimates, China's vending machine ownership is not too much, relative to trend 1300000000 populous country and the development of retail formats in terms of development China vending machine industry will be more broad.Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8-bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16-and 32-bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemensin European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of communication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output. PLC controllers have complex routines for memory checkup in order to ensure that PLC memory was not damaged (memory checkup is done for safety reasons).Generally speaking, CPU unit makes a great number of check-ups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early. You can simply look at any PLC controller and see that there are several indicators in the form. of light diodes for error signalization.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM2memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology thisprocess was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has onecorresponding bit in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a computer (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a computer if you have the software needed for programming. Today’s transmission computers are ideal for reprogramming a PLCcontroller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is also good to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established communication networks which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs).Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines), program follow up in real time as wellas documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and comments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding comments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that come up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who3developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly how system functions.Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. On some PLC controllers you’ll find electrical supply as a separate module. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current.This electrical supply is usually not used to start external inputor output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLCcontroller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers supply their inputs with voltage from a small supply source already incorporated into a PLC.4基于PLC自动售货机控制系统设计随着人们生活的高度现代化，全智能自动化的全新模式正在逐步走入我们的日常生活，而自动售货机越来越多越来越广泛的应用，更是给人们的生活带来了极大的便利，因此，其可靠稳定的设计，更加凸显重要性，自动售货机是可完成无人自动售货，集光、机、电一体化的商业自动化设备。

基于PLC的邮件分拣系统的设计

基于PLC的邮件分拣系统的设计n the 20th century。

as a XXX。

the PLC (programmable logic controller) has e one of the three pillars of modern industrial XXX。

which is the biggest advantage of PLC。

As a new type of industrial controller。

PLC is XXX industry。

chemical industry。

power industry。

XXX。

mechanical processing。

and food processing。

In order to explore the n of PLC in the mail sorting control system。

this project will use S7-200PLC to study the mail sorting system.The design of this project is a n design of the mail sorting system。

and its control core device is S7-200PLC。

The overall design includes hardware and are design。

The hardware design of the system mainly achieves mail sorting。

The are design of the system controls the n of the entire system through PLC programming。

The main controller PLC analyzes the edited program。

基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计

此次设计基于PLC的物料分拣系统操纵。采纳PLC操纵开发能够达到短周期，低成本的操纵要求，能够直截了当用于工业现场操纵。PLC操纵具有实时性、信号处理时刻短、速度快、更能满足各个领域大、中、小型工业操纵项目，同时PLC的可靠性高，有丰富的I/O卡件，质优价廉，性价比高，安装简单，修理方便，PLC操纵能在高粉尘、高噪声、强电磁干扰和温度变化剧烈的环境下正常工作。因为它是整体模块，集中了驱动电路、检测电路和爱护电路以及通讯联网功能，因此在使用中，硬件相对简单，编程语言也相对简单，同时测试容易，修理方便，更能够提升操纵系统设计的灵活性及操纵系统的可靠性。本设计以操作简单、使用可靠、爱护修理方便作为要紧设计方向。
1.1分拣系统的研究背景
自动分拣系统的规模和能力已有专门大的进展，目前大型分拣系统大多能分拣几十到几百个种类的物品，分拣能力达到每小时万件以上。国外分拣系统规模都专门大，要紧包括进给台、信号盘、分拣机、分拣信息识别系统、设备操纵系统和运算机治理系统等几大部分，还要配备外围的各种运输和装卸机械，组成一个庞大而复杂的系统。
相伴着机电一体化在各个领域的应用，机械设备的自动操纵成分显得越来越重要，由于工作的需要，人们经常受到高温、腐蚀及有毒气体等因素的危害，增加了工人的劳动强度，甚至于危机生命。因此机传送带就在如此产生了,其中的自动分拣传送带是近代自动操纵领域中显现的一项新技术，它的进展是由于其主动作用正日益为人们所认识：它能部分地代替人工操作；能按照生产工艺的要求，遵循一定的程序、时刻和位置来完成工件的传送和装卸；广泛的应用传送带，能够逐步改善劳动条件，更强与可控的生产能力，加快产品更新换代，提升生产效率和保证产品质量，排除枯燥无味的工作，节约劳动力，提供更安全的工作环境，降低工人的劳动强度，减少劳动风险，提升机床，减少工艺过程中的工作量及降低停产时刻和库存，明显地提升劳动生产率，提升企业竞争力，加快实现工业生产机械化和自动化的步伐。

基于PLC的物料传送带定位分拣系统设计

基于PLC的物料传送带定位分拣系统设计本系统基于PLC的某物料传送带的定位功能设计，以S7-200为核心采用编码器与变频器组成的可对一条物料传送带进行精确定位，介绍了具体的参数设置方法并进行相应的软件程序调试，利用程序编程实现定位分拣功能，并利用上位机进行监控。

标签：编码器；物料；定位；PLC；变频器Abstract：Based on the positioning function design of a material conveyor belt with PLC，this system uses S7-200 as the core and uses encoder and frequency converter to accurately locate a material conveyor belt. The specific parameter setting method is introduced and the corresponding software program is debugged. The function of positioning and sorting is realized through programming，and the upper computer is used to monitor and control.Keywords：encoder；material；positioning；PLC；frequency converter如今的自动化分拣技术随着技术的发展日新月异，粗放型的分拣过程已无法满足现今的发展需要，为了能够对分拣系统进行自动检测、定位及自动分拣，设计了一套能够完成一系列运动控制功能的物料传送带定位分拣系统，实现分拣过程全自动化。

1 物料传送带定位分拣系统控制要求某物料自动分拣传送带在入料口检测到物料后，即通过PLC启动变频器带动传送皮带进行物料传送，当运至金属传感器旁、光纤传感器下方时，可以精确判断工件后自动定位完成物料分拣功能。

基于plc的物流分拣系统设计

摘要本文重点提出了调查单位材料的控制机制组合排序,并将分拣操作过程理解为订单的到达过程, 每个分拣器类型订单的服务过程和分拣机器之间的转换过程。

在控制过程中分拣器的分类线分为优先级分拣器和普通分拣器，优先级分拣器使用完整服务控制, 普通分拣器使用有限的服务(k = 1),适用于查询服务体系理论,通过嵌入式马尔可夫链和概率生成函数建立系统的数学模型,精确解决控制机制模型和第一和第二查询系统的特征参数,结合实际生产订单的优先级参数选择进行仿真分析。

关键词：拣选，查询机制，中等优先级查询。

AbstractAbstract—The paper proposed the priority polling control mechanism of the unit material combinations sorting lines, and sorters operating process is understood to be the arrival process of orders, service process of each sorter sorts orders and the conversion process between sorting machines. Control process, sorters of the combined sorting lines are divided into the priority sorters and ordinary sorters, priority sorters use full service control, ordinary sorters use limited service (k = 1), applies the polling service system theory, through the embedded Markov chain and probability generating function to establish the mathematical model of the system, the exact solution of the control mechanism of the polling system model and the first and second characteristic parameters, combined with the actual production priority parameters of orders picking for simulation analysis.Index Terms—Order Picking; Polling Mechanism;Secondary Priority Polling目录摘要........................................................................................................................1绪论.............................................................................................................1.1物流分拣系统简介..................................................................................1.2物流分拣系统的发展及应用情况..........................................................1.3分拣系统的意义......................................................................................2物流分拣系统的结构和运行原理.............................................................2.1物流分拣系统的结构..............................................................................2.1.1传送带与电机简介.......................................................................................2.1.2传感器简介...................................................................................................2.1.3可编程控制器（PLC）简介........................................................................2.1.4电磁阀...........................................................................................................2.2物流分拣系统的运行原理......................................................................3物流分拣系统中硬件选择设计.................................................................3.1传送带与电机的选择..............................................................................3.2电机启动控制..........................................................................................3.3传感器的选择..........................................................................................3.4可编程控制器的选择..............................................................................3.4.1输入输出I/O点的估算................................................................................3.4.2储存容量的估算...........................................................................................3.4.3控制功能的选择...........................................................................................3.4.4可编程控制器接线图...................................................................................3.5电磁阀的选择..........................................................................................3.6电气控制柜设计......................................................................................4物流分拣系统软件设计.............................................................................4.1物流分拣系统的控制要求......................................................................4.2物流分拣系统流程图..............................................................................4.3软件设计及编程......................................................................................4.4梯型图......................................................................................................5总结.............................................................................................................致谢................................................................................................................参考文献........................................................................................................附录................................................................................................................附录Ⅰ............................................................................................................附录Ⅱ............................................................................................................1绪论1.1物流分拣系统简介物流分拣系统分为：人工物流分拣系统和物流自动分拣系统两种。

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外文文献翻译毕业设计题目基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计翻译题目The Design of Material Choose SystemBased on PLC译文一：关于可编程控制器技术与未来发展随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。

人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径。

我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制，那已经是时代的过去，如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制，使得自动化走向了新的高潮。

一个系统化的设计PLC程序的方法可以克服传统程序生产控制系统的缺点，并且在一些工业应用总有很大的不同。

自动控制系统是状态模型用公式语言或等价的语言描述的。

公式描述对被控制的系统的行为提供一个精确的描述。

可以通过分析估计看状态模型是否达到想要的目标。

第二，为状态模型的描述提供结构描述，这个结构描述可以说明逻辑要求和如细节安全规则的限制。

第三，好的控制系统设计是对自动控制代码生成有益的——一种能够产生可执行的控制软件的能力，不同的逻辑控制器可以减少程序扫描时间和执行那个时间。

特别的，这个主题与随后的部分的是有关的。

在现代制造业中，系统是用过程和结果的革新来描述的，并且因此不得不改变系统性能以快速做出反应。

因此，一个大的挑战是提供技术以限制自动控制系统对变化需要和新机会的反应，所以，设计和操作知识可以实时的被再次利用，在工业实践中提供了一个重要的竞争面。

PLC的最大特点在于：电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计，只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题，通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备，而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。

在很多场合，单靠单机的控制是无法保证设备的顺畅运行，而通过设备与设备的信息交流达到我们想要的效果。

比如在前包装和后工序的检测，我们就要将包装的信息反馈到检测处，而检测处的信息也要反馈到包装来。

这样通过信息共享来使得两者之间链接起来，形成一个共体，从而使的两者间的配合更加的紧密，在彼此间达到映影相挥的效果。

PLC的数据传送只是将内部的数据传送到对方的一块连续的地址中，我们把它称为一个表，对方的PLC通过读取表中的数据来进行操作。

如果表中的数据是一个一般设置的数据的话，那只是一般的数据传送，比如今天的油价上升了，我要把油价的价格传送到所有的输油机上，那就是数据的共享；而当表中的数据是一段控制PLC的指令程序，那就很有难度了，比如你要控制一台机器人来按你想象的动作工作，你会给它编制一段程序并以数据的形式发送过去。

当你在看书的时候，你听到有人敲门、你停下手上的事情、去打开门、并同敲门者对话、这个时候电话响了、你示意接个电话、在接完电话后、回过头来同敲门者继续对话、对话完毕后、你再继续看你的书，这种情况我们把它称为中断，它具有权威性，也具有优先性，PLC具备了这样的功能。

它的特点在于我们在设备的操作过程中可能会遇到紧急的突发事件，我们要立刻的停下手上的工作，去处理更重要的事情，这种情况是我们经常所遇到的，PLC在去执行紧急的任务时，总会先保存目前的状态，比如程序的地址，CPU的累加器数据等，就像我们去开门时要记下我们看的书在第几页了或者干脆作个记号，因为我们待会还要继续接着看后面的书。

CPU总是按照我们的意愿去做应该做的事情，但你错误的给它一件事情，它也会同样的去做，这一点我们必须注意。

通信对于个人自动单元是很重要的。

在过去的几年里，我们听到许多关于生产自动化协议的事情，并且许多公司已经加入大有成功希望的事业。

然而，当一个完整的生产自动化协议说明书没有及时出现时许多公司都很失望。

Larry Kotare说:“现在，生产自动化协议仍然是生产中一个发展的对象，一个说明书并不是最终的结果。

例如，虽然当新的生产自动化协议MAP3.0 版本使用之时以MAP2.1 版本为基础的产品将会被汰，但是现在人们仍然将产品用于MAP2.1版。

”由于这些原因，许多PLC厂家紧盯着MAP的最新结果。

如欧姆龙公司正在进行一个有关MAP 兼容性的项目。

但是欧姆龙生产部门总经理Frank Newborn说由于缺少一个固定的标准，欧姆龙的产品并不涉及到MAP。

由于工业PLC无论何时不可能广泛的涉及到MAP，生产厂家正在考虑专用网络。

根据Sal Probanzano说法，用户担心如果他们广泛的应用生产厂家将会收回MAP，这样将会留下一个不支持通信的交流框架。

英文原文一：PLC technique discussion and future developmentAlong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradu ally perfect, the competition plays more and more strong; the operation that list depends th e artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, a lso can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the techniq ue business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience an d the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strengt h, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in m any complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trai ned operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easil y, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes us e of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path.We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situat ion, that is already the that time generationpast, now of after use in the mold a perhaps sim ple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level o nly; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid softwa re control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new hig h tide.A systematic approach to designing PLC software can overcome deficiencies in the tr aditional way of programming manufacturing control systems, and can have wide ramificat ions in several industrial applications. Automation control systems are modeled by formal l anguages or, equivalently, by state machines. Formal representations provide a high-level d escription of the behavior of the system to be controlled. State machines can be analytically evaluated as to whether or not they meet the desired goals. Secondly, a state machine descr iption provides a structured representation to convey the logical requirements and constrain ts such as detailed safety rules. Thirdly, well-defined control systems design outcomes areconducive to automatic code generation- An ability to produce control software executable on commercial distinctlogic controllers can reduce programming lead-time and labor cost. In particular, the thesis is relevant with respect to the following aspects.In modern manufacturing, systems are characterized by product andprocess innovatio n, become customer-driven and thus have to respond quickly to changing system requireme nts. A major challenge is therefore to provide enabling technologies that can economically reconfigure automation control systems in response to changing needs and new opportuniti es. Design and operational knowledge can be reused in real-time, therefore, giving a signifi cant competitive edge in industrial practice.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no lo nger electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation th at the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve pr oblem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipme nts of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct con junction of the small power can.At a lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipment s by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipmen ts and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examina tion of theempress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mu tually flick.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other par ty passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watc h is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is t he share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls th e PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal rob ot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a proced ure combine with the data sends out to pass by.When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialog ue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connectingthe telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, t he PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt aff airs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but yo ur mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.Communications are vital to an individual automation cell and to the automated factor y as a whole. We've heard a lot about MAP in the last few years, and a lot of companies ha ve jumped on the band wagon. Many,however were disappointed when a fully-defined and completed MAP specification didn’t appear immediately. Says Larry Kumara:” Right now, MAP is still a moving target for the manufacturers specification that is not final. Presently, for example, people are introducing products to meet the MAP 2.1standard.Yet 2.1-based products will be obsolete when the new standard for MAP, 3.0is introduced.”B ecause of this, many PLC vendors are holding off on full MAP implementations. O mron, for example, has an ongoingMAP-compatibility program, but Frank Newborn, vice president of Omron’s Industria l Division, reports that because of the lack of a firm definition, Omron's PLCs don't yet talk to MAP.Since it’s unlikely that an individual PLC would talk to broadband MAP anyway, ma kers are concentrating n proprietary networks. According to Sal Provanzano, users fear that if they do get on board and vendors withdraw from MAP, they all pulse width modulation control system be the ones left holding a communications structure that’s not supported.译文二：气动运输动力及PLC控制PLC控制系统一般采取易于理解和掌握的梯形图语言及面向工业控制的简单指令,形象直观，是基于现场总线技术、完全开放，采用先进的软硬件技术。