生产运作管理课件

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确定EOQ、ROP和OI。
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解(Solution)
EO =2 Q D =2 S 1, 010 = 08 09.或 4 94 (0 单 3) 位 H 2.50
为什么向上近似? R= O d L P = 2 T .7 7 = 149 或 2 .1 (单 08 ) 位
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为什么需要库存?
解耦(缓冲):消除或对付需求或供应的 不确定性影响——安全性库存(Safety Inventory)
经济:订购、存储、缺货等费用之和的最 小化——周期性库存(Cycle Inventory )
连续性:(Pipe-line Inventory)
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两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
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EOQ模型:费用函数曲线
Annual Cost
Order (Setup) Cost Curve
Optimal Order Quantity (Q*)
Order Quantity
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EOQ公式(EOQ Formula)
对总费用函数求导,并令其等于零,有:
EOQ= 2DS H
RO =d P LT
TC=DS+Q H Q2
TC 总年费用(Total annual cost) D 需求量(Demand) Q 订购量 (Order quantity) S 一次订购或准备调整费用(Cost of placing an order or setup cost) H 单位库存年存储费用(Annual holding and storage cost per unit of inventory)
定期订购模型 (Fixed-Time Period Model )
单周期模型 (Single-Period Model)
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EOQ Assumptions
Known and constant demand Known and constant lead time Instantaneous receipt of material No quantity discounts Only order (setup) cost and holding cost No stockouts
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Setup Costs
Clean-up costs Re-tooling costs Adjustment costs Etc.
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第二节 库存系统( Inventory Systems)
经济订购批量模型 (Economical Order Quantity Model)
定量订购模型 (Fixed-Order Quantity Model)
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Holding Costs
Obsolescence Insurance Extra staffing Interest Pilferage Damage Warehousing Etc.
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Ordering Costs
Supplies Forms Order processing Clerical support Etc.
(1)何时订购? (When to order ?)
(2)订购多少? (How much to order ?)
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Inventory Costs
Holding costs - associated with holding or “carrying” inventory over time Ordering costs - associated with costs of placing order and receiving goods Setup costs - cost to prepare a machine or process for manufacturing an order
EOQ Model: When and How much to Order
Inventory Level
Order Quantity (Q)
Reorder Point (ROP)
Lead Time
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Average Inventory
(Q/2)
Time
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EOQ模型:费用函数
总年费用 = 年订购费用 + 年存储费用
生产与运作管理
Production and Operations Management
第七章 库存管理 Inventory Management
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第七章 库存管理 ( Inventory Management )
库存(Inventory) 库存系统(Inventory Systems) 其他(Others)
Raw material Work-in-process Finished goods Maintenance/repair/operating supply
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The Functions of Inventory
To ”decouple” or separate various parts of the production process To provide a stock of goods that will provide a “selection” for customers To take advantage of quantity discounts To hedge against inflation and upward price changes
OI = 2S HD
ROP 再订购点 OI 订购间隔时间 (年) d 每天需求量 (常量) LT 提前期 (常量)
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EOQ例(EOQ Example)
年需求量= 1,000 单位 (一年中每天需求量 =1000/365= 2.74 单位) 一次订购费用 = 10元 单位年存储费用 = 2.50元 提前期 = 7 天
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第一节 库存(Inventory)
库存的类型 ( Types of Inventory)
库存的功能 (Function of Inventory)
两个基本决策 (Two Fundamental Decisions)
源自文库
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库存的类型( Types of Inventory )
库存(Inventory):组织中所用的 任何项目(item) 的储存。
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