定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。

关系代词和关系副词的作用：

先行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。

如：China is a country which / that has a large population.

The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.

先行词指人时，关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。如：

The man who is mending the machine has been retired.

This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.

I like the girl whose mother is an actor.

注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。

先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.

2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .

行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.

当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.

A. who he

B. whose

C. /

D. who

解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。应选D 。

The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

A. which, that

B. that, which

C. which, which

D. that, that

解析：先行词前有序数词，最高级时，引导次只能用that. 应选D.

This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.

A．has B. have C. is D. are

解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。

The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.

A. who

B. he

C. which

D. whose

解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.

They thought too much about ______.

A. which I had said

B. what I had said

C. that I had said

D. I had said

解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应选B。

一、选择最佳答案填空：

1．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. whose

2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. what

3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were talking about ______ yesterday ?

A. who, them

B. its, them

C. whose,/

D. whose, them

4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.

A. which are not

B. that have not been

C. that has not

D. that has not been

5. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.

A. that

B. as

C. who

D. which

6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who's

B. whose

C. that

D. of which

7. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.

A. Anyone

B. those whoo

C. However

D. The one who

8. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.

A. he

B. that

C. whom

D. which

9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.

A. which, is

B. whom, was

C. who , is

D. who, was

10. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

D. which

1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA

关系词

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：

①连接作用，引导定语从句。

②代替主行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。

③在定语

注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语。

定语

定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词…的’表示容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语

被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book