英文文献阅读presentation
英语论文presentation
PresentationAbstract:For a long time our country attaches great importance to the English reading and writing aspects, and weak in listening and speaking. Work in foreign company for a long time that we Chinese although in technology is good, but the ability to do the presentation, than westerners, and people belong to Asia, India, Singapore, are much less, level have obvious difference. So, where is the gap mainly displays? We need to improve in what aspects?Key word:pronunciation、speed、pause、quotation、sentence1、introductionSpeech is a language art, it is the main form of “speaking”, and that is to use the expressive force of spoken language and the pursuit of words and sounds appealing. Even at the same time supplemented by “play”, namely the use of facial expression, gestures, posture, and even all can understand language, make speech “artistic” rise, to produce a kind of special artistic charm.Also called presentation or speech, speech is to point to in public places, with sound language as the main means, with body language as auxiliary methods, according to a specific problem, bright, full, published their own view and opinions, to clarify things or expressing emotion, In a language communication activity of propaganda.The purpose of the overall speech can be divided into the following seven classes:1、Persuade the audience to take some actions;2、Hope the audience understand the message;3、To provide information for a specific audience demands;4、As controversial or challenging views provide discussion platform;5、Understand people’s reactions to certain situation or ideas;6、Win the audience’s participation and cooperation;7、Make the audience to participate in the development of solution to problems.2、content2.1、material selection:Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation –Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.Altenberg, B. (1984). Causal Linking in Spoken and Written English.Studia Linguistica, 38 (pp. 20-69).Halliday, M. A. K., & Husan, R. (1988). An Introduction to Functional Grammar: Edward Arnorld.Halliday, M. A. K., & Husan, R. (1970). Language Structure and Language Function. In Lyons (Ed.), Peguin Books (pp. 221-224).Hatch, E. (1992). Discourse and Language Education. London: Cambridge University Press.Quirk, R. et al (1972). A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman.2.2、logical arrangement2.2.1、Pronunciation:Pronunciation is a kind of specific language’s sound manner. In English contest, the audiences and judges pay much attention to the speakers’pronunciation. The speaker’s standard pronunciation is the foundation to the success. The loss of plosive, read though, assimilation, sentence stress of English are the common course in daily conversation’s pronunciation phenomena. The speakers should pay much attention to these pronunciation phenomena.2.2.2、Speed and pause:A real experienced speaker can control the speed accurately. If the speaker used the same speed from the beginning to the end, just like reading a book, then this kind of public speaking will be prim, monotonous, boring and lack of activity, and make the audiences feel like troublesome. In order to change this kind of boring public speaking, the speaker may depend on the time to control the speed. If the time were three to five minutes or more than that, the speaker could depend on the content to change the speed. What’s more, the speaker should also pay attention to the stop. In one word, if the speaker wanted to make a excellent public speaking, he should control the speech and stop accurately.2.2.3、Quotation:In an English public speaking, the speakers should quote some famous saying sentences to make their speaking more perfect. No matter in formal public speaking or impromptu speech, the speakers quote some famous saying sentences to beautify their speeches, In this way, it will increase the appeal of is presentation, influence and persuasion.To quote these famous saying sentences are not only because they come from famous people, but also they have profound meaning and philosophy, To quote these famous saying sentences may make the speech more active.2.2.4、Commonly used sentence patterns:Do the presentation, we should prepare to pay attention to the topic and the attitude and body language, etc., in addition, we also should have some commonly used sentence patterns.Example:1.Right, let's get started.2. Let me introduce myself.3. I've divided my presentation into three main parts.4. Just to give you a brief overview.5. I'll be saying more about this in a minute.6. I'm sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.7. There's an important point to be made here.8. OK, let's move on. (go on to make your next point)9. As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.10. To go back to what I was saying earlier.11. Are there any questions you'd like to ask at this point?12. I'd like to look at this in more detail.13. Let's put this into perspective. (to explain it this way)14. Perhaps I should expand on that a little.15. To digress for a moment? (to depart from your plan)16. So, to sum up?3、conclusionThe study of college students’ English public speaking has a short history and the research is not completely, Therefore, all the people should work hard to have further study in this field.Firstly, the teachers in the college should give their students some directions about how to make an excellent speech. They should clear the genre the of speech and the technique of public speaking; Secondly, all the students should try their best to make some progress about their oral English, and have more practice, especially in pronunciation.Though the present study is not perfect, it could serve as a trial study to point out more direction for the future researches.3.1、Topic Sentence: The topic sentence introduces the major arguments or claims supporting the these in an analytical speech and the topic of each point in an information speech..3.2、Preview:Preview sub-point if you have them.3.3、Present evidence: Present information from external sources.3.4、Clarify Evidence: Provide an explanation of your evidence so that the audience can understand and evaluate it. When presenting a graph, explain what each axis represents and highlight important conclusions or relationships in the data.Your conclusion should give the audience a sense of closure, You might return to your “hook”, pose question for future discussion, or suggest future inquiries that would further illuminate the topic.。
文献汇报英语演讲稿范文
Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand here and present a literature review on the topic of "The Impact of Social Media on Young People's Mental Health." As we all know, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on young people's mental health has become a hot topic in recent years. In this speech, I will summarize the existing literature on this issue, discuss the main findings, and propose some suggestions for future research.Firstly, let's define what social media is. Social media refers to online platforms that enable users to create and share content, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. With the rapid development of the Internet, social media has gained immense popularity among young people, who spend a significant amount of time on these platforms.Several studies have shown that social media can have both positive and negative impacts on young people's mental health. On the one hand,social media can provide a sense of belonging, enhance communication skills, and promote self-expression. For example, a study by Valkenburg and Peter (2011) found that social media use can improve adolescents' social support and emotional well-being.On the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to various mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Several studies have indicated that social comparison, cyberbullying, and exposure to unrealistic beauty standards are significant riskfactors for mental health problems among young people. For instance, a study by Twenge et al. (2018) revealed that increased social media useis associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression among teenagers.Now, let's delve into the main findings of the literature review. Firstly, the existing studies have shown a positive correlation between social media use and mental health issues. However, it is essential to note that the relationship between these two factors is complex and bidirectional. While social media use can contribute to mental health problems, individuals with pre-existing mental health issues may be more susceptible to the negative effects of social media.Secondly, the literature review has highlighted the role of social comparison in influencing young people's mental health. Social comparison refers to the process of evaluating oneself in relation to others, often leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Studies have shown that excessive social comparison on social media can exacerbate feelings of envy, dissatisfaction, and depression among young people.Thirdly, cyberbullying has emerged as a significant concern in the literature. Cyberbullying involves the use of electronic communication to harm, intimidate, or harass others. Several studies have demonstrated that cyberbullying is associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts among young people.Finally, the literature review has highlighted the role of unrealistic beauty standards in contributing to young people's mental health issues. Social media platforms often promote an idealized image of beauty, which can lead to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders among young people.In light of the main findings of the literature review, I would like to propose some suggestions for future research. Firstly, more longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of social media use on young people's mental health. This will help us understand whether the relationship between social media and mental health is stable over time or changes as individuals grow older.Secondly, future research should explore the moderating factors that may influence the relationship between social media use and mental health. For example, researchers could investigate how personality traits, coping strategies, and social support networks affect the impact of social media on mental health.Thirdly, it is crucial to examine the role of interventions inmitigating the negative effects of social media on young people's mental health. This could involve the development of digital literacy programs, anti-cyberbullying campaigns, and mental health awareness initiatives.In conclusion, the existing literature has provided valuable insights into the impact of social media on young people's mental health. While social media can offer numerous benefits, it also poses significant risks to mental well-being. Future research should focus on understanding the complex relationship between social media use and mental health, identifying risk factors, and developing effective interventions to promote positive mental health among young people.Thank you for your attention. I welcome any questions or comments you may have.。
英语presentation模板(介绍论文时使用)
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In all the models we have analysed, the traditional logic and rhythm of daily newspaper production are losing ground.
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As a new challenge, audience participation is becoming a key strategic question in all models, at the nexus of cross-media strategy development within the company and interactive competence enhancement in journalists from all dissemination channels.
THE CONTRIBUTION
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This paper is included in SSCI journal.
SSCI Social Sciences Citation Index The paper gives us a model to analyse the media convergence. We can use this model to evaluate the convergence in our country. CCTV
Direct observation, interviews, written records and other documents.
CONVERGENCE DESCRIPTORS: TOWARDS AN EXTENSION OF THE MATRIX MODEL
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1. Market situation 市场行情 2. Newsroom organization 新闻编辑室组织
英文文献汇报
Brain harvesting in electrical SE model for HMGB1 measurements.
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Methods
Methods
Drug-resistant epilepsy patient study. Newly diagnosed epilepsy patient study.
From 3 hours until 4 days after SE, a time window preceding the onset of epilepsy in this model.
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1.Brain expression and blood levels of HMGB1 in rodent models of epilepsy
Assessment of total HMGB1.
Analysis of HMGB1 isoforms by electrospray ionization LC/MS.
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1.Brain expression and blood levels of HMGB1 in rodent models of epilepsy
These blood changes may reflect cerebrospinal fluid–to–blood (CSF-toblood) transport of HMGB1, which is initially (within the first 3 hours) passively released from damaged neurons and possibly also from BBB endothelium . In particular, at 3 hours after SE, nonacetylated and reduced HMGB1 in blood overshot the brain changes by about 2-fold, suggesting an additional cellular source of HMGB1 other than the brain parenchyma, such as the brain endothelium. In accordance, endothelial cells showed increased expression of HMGB1 during epileptogenesis . Further, it has previously been demonstrated that endothelial cells can be damaged by SE , suggesting that these cells may serve as a source of HMGB1.
英文文献分享演讲稿范文
Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. Today, I am honored to share with you a comprehensive literature review on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the healthcare industry. The rapid advancements in AI technology have sparked a revolution in various sectors, and healthcare is no exception. In this presentation, I will delve into the key findings from recent studies and discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with AI integration in healthcare.IntroductionArtificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligencein machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. Over the past few years, AI has made significant strides in healthcare, offering innovative solutions to improve patient care, optimize operational efficiency, and revolutionize medical research. This presentation aims to explore the current state of AI in healthcare, its potential benefits, and the challenges that lie ahead.1. AI in Diagnostics and ScreeningOne of the most prominent applications of AI in healthcare is in diagnostics and screening. AI algorithms have been developed to analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, with a high degree of accuracy. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported that AI-driven algorithms could outperform radiologists in identifying pulmonary nodules in chest X-rays.Moreover, AI has been employed in screening for diseases like breast cancer, skin cancer, and diabetes. A study published in Nature Medicine demonstrated that AI could identify early signs of breast cancer in mammograms with greater accuracy than human radiologists. These findings suggest that AI has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.2. AI in Treatment and Personalized MedicineAI has also made significant contributions to treatment and personalized medicine. By analyzing vast amounts of patient data, AI algorithms can identify the most effective treatment plans for individual patients. A study published in the journal Nature Biotechnology reported that AI-driven treatment plans improved patient outcomes in glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer.Furthermore, AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and development. By predicting how different drugs will interact with target proteins, AI can accelerate the drug discovery process and reduce the time and cost associated with bringing new medications to market.3. AI in Operational Efficiency and Patient CareIn addition to improving diagnostics and treatment, AI can enhance operational efficiency and patient care in healthcare facilities. AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants can provide patients with real-time support, answer their queries, and schedule appointments. A study published in the journal Health Affairs found that AI-driven chatbots could reduce the workload of healthcare providers and improve patient satisfaction.Furthermore, AI can optimize resource allocation by predicting patient inflow and resource requirements. This can lead to better management of hospital beds, staff, and equipment, ultimately improving patient care outcomes.4. Challenges and Ethical ConsiderationsWhile the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are significant, there are several challenges and ethical considerations that need to be addressed. One of the main concerns is the potential for bias in AI algorithms. If the training data is biased, the AI system may make incorrect or discriminatory decisions.Another challenge is the need for robust data privacy and security measures. As AI systems require access to vast amounts of patient data, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of this information is crucial. Additionally, there is a risk of job displacement forhealthcare professionals, as AI technology could automate certain tasks that were previously performed by humans.ConclusionIn conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. From improving diagnostic accuracy to enhancing operational efficiency, AI offers a wide range of benefits. However, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI in healthcare to ensure that its integration is safe, effective, and equitable.As we continue to explore the possibilities of AI in healthcare, it is crucial for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to work together to maximize the benefits of this technology while mitigating its risks. By doing so, we can pave the way for a future where AI enhances the quality of life for patients worldwide.Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions you may have regarding the literature review on AI in healthcare.。
文献阅读英文发言稿范文
文献阅读英文发言稿范文Ladies and gentlemen,Today, I would like to share with you some insights from a recently read academic paper. This paper delves into a fascinating topic, and I believe its findings are worth discussing.The article explores the impact of climate change on biodiversity in marine ecosystems. Researchers conducted an extensive study, collecting data from various sources over the past few decades. Their aim was to understand how rising temperatures and other environmental changes have affected marine species and their habitats.The findings of this study are quite alarming. The researchers discovered that climate change has led to significant shifts in the distribution and abundance of marine species. Rising ocean temperatures, for example, have caused certain species to migrate towards cooler waters, disrupting the balance of ecosystems. This displacement can have severe consequences, such as decreased prey availability for predators and potential loss of species that are unable to adapt.Additionally, the paper highlights the impact of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity. As carbon dioxide levels rise, the oceans absorb more of it, causing them to become more acidic. This change in pH can have detrimental effects on marine organisms that rely on calcium carbonate to build their shells and skeletons. The research shows that many species, including corals and shellfish, are struggling to survive and reproduce in more acidicconditions, posing a significant threat to the diversity of marine ecosystems.The paper also discusses the potential implications for human communities that depend on marine resources for their livelihoods. The decline in fish populations, for example, can have serious socio-economic consequences for coastal communities that rely heavily on fishing. Moreover, the loss of coastal habitats due to rising sea levels exacerbates the vulnerability of these communities to climate change impacts.In conclusion, this paper sheds light on the urgent need to address the effects of climate change on marine biodiversity. The findings emphasize the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on our oceans. Protecting marine ecosystems is not just crucial for the survival of countless species but also for the well-being of human societies that depend on these fragile ecosystems. Thank you for your attention.。
英文presentation范文
英文presentation范文Title: The Impact of Technology on Education: A Comprehensive Analysis.Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am delighted to be here today to present my analysis on the impact of technology on education. Technology, in its various forms, has revolutionized the way we learn, teach, and interact in the educational landscape. This presentation aims to explore the key trends, challenges, and opportunities that technology brings to the field of education.Introduction.Education, as a fundamental pillar of society, has undergone significant changes in recent decades, driven largely by technological advancements. From the advent of the internet and digital media to the emergence ofartificial intelligence and big data, technology has transformed the learning experience for both students andteachers.Trends in Technology-Driven Education.Firstly, let's examine some of the key trends in technology-driven education. One prominent trend is therise of online learning and distance education. With the availability of high-speed internet and advanced learning platforms, students can now access educational resources from anywhere in the world. This has opened up new opportunities for personalized learning and self-paced studies.Another trend is the increasing use of interactivetools and digital content in classrooms. Smartboards, tablets, and virtual reality (VR) headsets are just some of the tools that enhance the learning experience by making it more engaging and immersive. These tools.。
文献阅读报告模板英文
文献阅读报告模板英文Literature Review ReportIntroduction:In this literature review report, the objective is to critically analyze and summarize the key findings, methodologies, and theories presented in various research articles on a specific topic. The topic under consideration is [insert topic].Methodology:To conduct this literature review, an extensive search was performed on electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and . Keywords such as [list keywords] were used to identify relevant articles. Articles published between [specify time frame] were included. The inclusion criteria were [list inclusion criteria]. A total of [state the number of articles] articles were reviewed.Review:1. [Title of Article 1]Firstly, [provide a brief overview of the first article]. The main focus of this article was [state the main focus]. The study employed a [mention research methodology] to investigate [specify research question or objective]. The findings of the study revealed [summarize the key findings].2. [Title of Article 2]The second article [briefly describe the second article]. The objective of the research was [state the objective]. The authors used [mention research design or methodology]. The study found[highlight the main findings].3. [Title of Article 3]Next, the third article [provide a brief summary of the third article]. The primary aim of this study was [state the aim]. The researchers utilized [mention the research approach or methodology]. The results indicated [summarize the significant findings].4. [Title of Article 4]The fourth article [describe the fourth article briefly]. It aimed to [state the aim]. The study design employed [mention the research design]. The study outcomes showed that [highlight the primary outcomes].Discussion:Overall, the literature review highlights several key themes emerging from the selected articles. These include [mention the important themes]. It appears that [comment on the consensus or divergence among the articles' findings]. Additionally, various research methodologies were employed across the articles, suggesting [discuss the implications of different methodologies]. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that [provide a brief summary of the major findings].Limitations:It is important to acknowledge that this literature review has certain limitations. Firstly, it is primarily based on articles published in specific timeframes and databases. This selection bias may have excluded relevant articles. Secondly, the review's scope may have missed certain subtopics or perspectives. Therefore, anin-depth analysis of the topic may require further research. Conclusion:In conclusion, this literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of the selected articles on [insert topic]. It highlights the key findings and methodologies employed in each study, and discusses the major themes emerging from the research. Although limitations exist, this review contributes to a better understanding of [insert topic]. Future research should focus on addressing the gaps identified in this review.。
文献阅读报告PPT课件
CONTENT
论文背景及意义
The background and significance
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CONTENT
论文背景及意义
The background and significance
论文综述
The Paper reviews
研究方法
The research methods
论题总结
The summary
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Test principle
Hole-drilling method
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论文综述
The Paper reviews
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论文综述
The Paper reviews
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Nominal specimen dimensions
论文综述
The Paper reviews
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论文综述
The Paper reviews
图五
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
表一
论文综述
The Paper reviews
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amount which was determined using elastic method. Namely, the real stress values (σ) equals the measured stress values after the tube is stripped (σ′) plus the correction amount (Δσ)。
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C O N TE N T
论文背景及意义
The background and significance
论文综述
The Paper reviews
外语毕业论文presentation
Good afternoon all appraiser committee members. I am Jielian Chong and my supervisor is Wenbin Xu. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper. Now it is time to present my efforts to you and also gratefully welcome any corrections.The title of my essay is An Analysis of the Brother Salvatores in The Vampire Diaries through Freud,s Theory of Personality Structure. I chose it as my paper,s topic because, first of all, I am very fond of this novel and it is very popular in the United States. The writer, Lisa Jane Smith, is well-known as an American author of young-adult literature because of it. The novel tells a story about a high school girl, Elena Gilber, who finds herself finally torn between two vampires, Stefan and Damon.Secondly, I would like to figure it out how id, ego and superego affect the Salvatores, inside world and their behaviors. With freudian psychoanalytic theory, this paper tries to analyze the psychological process of the Salvatores through a psychological point of view, attempting to explore their inner world. Only when we had a balanced development among id, ego and superego can we know the novel and the Salvatores better.Next here is an outline of my presentation and I divide my papaer into 5 parts. Chapter one introduces the research topic and chapter two gives a brief introduction to Freud and reviews his theory. Chapter three focuseson the background, the author and the two main characters in the novel. Chapter four further discusses the two characters through freud,s theory. In the chapter five, conclusions are made up. According to our analysis, it shows that the development of the Salvatores psychology actually is that of a series of conflicts and coordination of the three parts of the personality structure. The internal power which is generated by the interaction of id, ego and superego had controlled all the behaviors of Stefan and Damon. Their ambivalences when faced the desire of blood, the romantic love and the judge of conscience, actually made them get split personality. We can draw a conclusion that the three systems of the personality structure are cross-opposing-and-restricting among one another, and the contradictory movement of them shapes people ,s personality and thus their behaviors. That,s all. Thanks for your listening. Now you may raise your questions and I am ready.。
文献汇报英文发言稿范文
Good morning/afternoon. Today, I am honored to present a literature review on [Topic]. As we all know, [Topic] is a significant issue in [Field]. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the existing research and gain insights into the topic.To begin with, I will provide an overview of the background and significance of [Topic]. [Topic] has been attracting considerable attention due to its impact on [Field]. For instance, [mention some examples of the consequences or benefits of the topic]. In thisliterature review, I will focus on [mention the specific aspect or subtopic of the topic].Next, I will discuss the major theories and concepts related to [Topic]. To achieve this, I will summarize the key findings from relevant studies. For instance, [mention some prominent theories or concepts, such as [Theory 1], [Theory 2], and [Theory 3]]. These theories have played a vital role in shaping our understanding of [Topic].After that, I will present a comprehensive analysis of the research methods employed in the studies on [Topic]. This includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches. For instance, [mention some research methods, such as surveys, experiments, interviews, and case studies]. These methods have been instrumental in advancing our knowledge of [Topic].Furthermore, I will discuss the major findings of the studies. Based on the literature, [mention some key findings, such as [Finding 1], [Finding 2], and [Finding 3]]. These findings highlight the importanceof [Topic] and provide valuable insights into its impact on [Field].In addition, I will address some of the limitations and challenges associated with the existing research. For instance, [mention some limitations, such as the sample size, generalizability, and potential biases]. These limitations should be taken into account wheninterpreting the findings.Moreover, I will identify some gaps in the current literature andsuggest potential avenues for future research. For example, [mentionsome gaps, such as the need for more in-depth analysis of [Aspect], the exploration of [Aspect] in different contexts, and the development of new theories]. By addressing these gaps, we can further enhance our understanding of [Topic].Finally, I will summarize the key points of my presentation. Firstly, [Topic] is a crucial issue in [Field], and its significance cannot be overlooked. Secondly, the existing research has provided valuable insights into [Topic], but there are still some limitations and gapsthat need to be addressed. Thirdly, future research should focus on filling these gaps and advancing our knowledge of [Topic].In conclusion, this literature review has provided a comprehensive overview of the research on [Topic]. By understanding the existing theories, methods, and findings, we can better appreciate the importance of [Topic] and its impact on [Field]. I hope this presentation has been informative and helpful to you. Thank you for your attention.Note: This is a general framework for a literature review presentation. You should adapt it to your specific topic and include relevant details and examples.。
英语文学论文范本Writing Presentation
Chapter 1 QuotationThere are two kinds of quotations: direct and indirect. An indirect quotation may be an interpretation, a paraphrase, or a summary of the original in the writer’s own words.The accuracy of direct quotations in research writing is extremely important. They must reproduce the original sources exactly. Unless indicated in brackets or parenthesis, changes must not be made in the spelling, capitalization, or interior puntuation of the source.1.Prosea)If a prose quotation runs no more than four lines and requires no specialemphasis, put it in quotation marks and incorporate it into the text.―It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,‖ wrote Charles Dickens of the 18th century (35).b)You may quote just a word or phrase as part of your sentences.For Charles Dickens the 18th century was both ―the best of times‖ and ―the worst of times‖ (35).c)You may put a quotation at the beginning, middle, or end of yoursentence or, for the sake of variety or better style, divide it by your ownwords.d)If a quotation runs to more than four lines in your paper, set it off fromyour text by beginning a new line, indenting one inch (ten spaces intyping).At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to themnow for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of griefthat seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the blacksmoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by thatemotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)If a quotation ending a sentence requires a parethetical refference, place the sentence period after the reference.e)If you need to quote two or more paragraghs, indent the first line of eachparagragh an additional quarter inch (three spaces in typing). If the firstsentence quoted does not begin a paragragh in the source, do not indentit the additional amount. Indent only the first lines of the sccessiveparagraghs.In Moll Flanders Defoe maintains the pseudoautobiographical narration typical of the picaresque tradition:My true name is so well known in the records, or registers, at Newgate and in the old Bailey, and there are some things of suchconsequence still depending there realting to my particular conduct, thatit is not to be expected I should set my name or the account of my familyto this work […].It is enough to tell you, that […] some of my worst comrades, who are out of the way of doing me harm […] know me by the the name ofMoll Flanders […]. (1)2.Poetrya)If you quote part or all of a single line of verse that does not requirespecial emphasis, put it in quotation marks within your text. You mayalso incorporate two or three lines in this way, using a slash with a spaceon each side to separate them.Bradstreet frames the poem with a sense of mortality: ―All things within this fading world hath end‖ (1).Reflecting on the ―incident‖in Baltimore, Cullen concludes, ―Of all the things that happened there / That’s all that I remember‖ (11-12).b)Verse quotations of more than three lines should begin on a new line.Unless the quotation involves unusual spacing, indent each line one inch(ten spaces on a typewriter) from the left margin, adding no quotationmarks that do not appear in the original.Elizabeth Bishop’s ―In t he Waiting Room‖ is rich in evocative detail:It was winter. It got darkearly. The waiting roomwas full of grown-up people,articles and overcoats,lamps and magazines. (6-10)3.Dramaa)If you quote dailogue between two or more characters in a play, set yhequotation off from your text. Begin each part of the dialogue with theappropriate character’s name indented one inch (or ten spaces if you areusing a typewriter) from the left margin and written in all capital letters:HAMLET.Marguerite Duras’s screenplay for Hiroshima mon amour suggests at the iutset the profound difference between observation and experience:HE. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. Nothing.SHE. I saw everything. Everything. […] The hospital, for instance, I saw it. I’m sure I did. There is a hospital in Hiroshima. How could Ihelp seeing it?HE. You did not see the hospital in Hiroshima. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. (2505-06)4.Ellipsisa)Whenever you wish to omit a word, a phrase, a sentence, or more from aquoted passage, you shoild be guided by two principles: fairness to theauthor quoted and the grammatical integrity of your writing. If youquote only a word or a phrase, it will be obvious that you left out some ofthe original sentence.b)If an omitted quotation forms a complete sentence, use ellipsis periods insquare brackets to show that it’s not the original.In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W.Tuchman writes, ―Medical thinking[…] stressed air as the communicator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers‖ (101-02).5.Other Alteraions of Sourcesa)You may decide to provide a supplementary information to make aquotation more understandable or clear. Put your explaination inparethesis if it comes after the quotation or in square brackets if it comeswithin the quotation.Lincoln specifically advocated a government ―for the people‖(emphasis added).Milton’s Satan speaks of his ―study [pursuit] of revenge.‖6.Translation of quotationsa)If necessary, for your quotation in languages other than English providetranslation, which, usually put between double quotation marks withinparenthesis, follows the quotation immediately.Chaucer’s setting is April, the time of ―shoures soote‖ (―sweet showers‖; GP1).Chapter 2 Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text For the sake of intellectual property protection, the source of your quotation must be supplied in the list of works cited at the end of your research paper and as well the author’s last name and a page reference within parenthesis usually follow a quotation for the acknowledgement of the citation.1.The information in your parenthetical references in the text must match thecorresponding information in the entries in your list of works cited.2.A uthor’s name in/not in textTannen has argued this point (178-85).This point has already been argued (Tannen 178-85).3.More than one author with the same surname, add the first innitial; if theinnitial is shared too, the full first name.(A. Patterson 183-85), (L. Patterson 230); (Alice Patterson 183-85), (AlbertPatterson 150-56).4.If a work has two or more authors, give the first author’s last name followedby et al., or all the last names.(Rabkin et al. 137); (Rabkin, Greenberg, and Olander 137)5.If a corporate author begins the entry, we may use the author’s name in fullor its shortened form followed by a page reference.(Public Agenda Foudation 4); (PAF. 4)6.If the work is listed by title, use the title shortened or in full.(The Bible 15)7.If the list contains more than one work by the same author, add the cited title,shortened or in full, after the author’s last name.(Frye, Anatomy 237)8.If you cite from more than one volume of a multivolume work, give thevolume as well as the author’s last name and page number.(Schlesinger, V ol. 4, 3978)9.You may omit page numbers when citing complete works.(Hardy)10.If you cite from nonprint works such as films, television programs, recordingand electronic sources, you cite them in their entirety and often by title.In fresco painting, ―the pigments are completely fused with a damp plaster ground to become an integral part of the wall surface‖(―Fresco‖). (an essay online)Willaim J. Mitchell’s City of Bits discusses archentecture and urban life in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution.11.If you cite from a second-hand source, put the abbreviation “qtd. in” bdforethe indirect source in your parenthetical reference.(qtd. in Boswell 450)Chapter 3 Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited The list of works cited appears at the end of the paper. Begin the list on a new page and number each page , continuing the page numbers of the text. Center the title—Works Cited, an inch from the top of the page. Double–space between the title and the first entry. Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if an entry runs more than line, indent the subsequent line or lines five spaces from the left margin.In general alphebetize entries in the list of works ciited by the author’s last name, using the letter-by-letter system. If the author’s name is unknown, alphebetize by the title, ignoring any A, An or The.1. A Book by a Single AuthorWilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New York: Panthenon, 1998.2.An Anthology or a CompilationFeldman, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1997.Lopate, Phillip, ed. The Art of the Personal Essay: An Anthology from the Classical Era to the Present. New York: Anchor-Doubleday, 1994.3.Two or More Books by the Same AuthorBorroff, Marrie. Language and the Past: Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore.Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979.---, trans. Sir Gawin and the Green Knight. New York: Norton, 1967.---, ed. Wallace Stevens: a Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1963.Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1957. ---, ed. Design for Learning: Reports Submitted to the Joint Committee of the Toronto Board of Education and the University of Toronto. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1962. ---. The Double Vision; Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1991.4. A Book by Two or More AuthorsReverse only the name of the first author, add a comma, give the other names in normal form and place a period after the last name; or you may name only the first and et al.Durant, Will, and Ariel Durant. The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon, 1965. Eggins, Suzanne, and Diane Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell, 1997.5.Two or More Books by the Same AuthorsSee 3.3 and 3.4.6. A Book by a Corporate AuthorAmerican Medical Association. The Amrican Medical Association Encyclopeia ofMedicine. New York: Random, 1989.7. A Work in an AnthologyAllende, Isabel. ―Toad’s Mouth.‖ Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock beneath the Mangoes; Stories from Latin America. Ed. Thomas Colchie. New York: Plume, 1992. 83-88.8.An Article in a Reference Book―Azimuthal Equidistant Projection.‖Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. 1993.9.An Anonymous BookEncyclopedia of Virginia. New York: Somerset, 1993.10.An EditionCrane Stephane. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War.1895. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: Up of Virginia, 1975.11.A TranslationDostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fables. New York: Viking, 1996.12.A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent EditionChaucer, Geoffrey. The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Ed. F. W. Robinson. 2nd ed. (Rev.ed./Abr. ed./ 1940 ed.) Boston: Houghton, 1957.13.A Multivolume WorkLauter, Paul, et al., eds. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 2nd ed. 2 vols.Lexington: Heath, 1994.14.A Book in ChineseQian Mansu钱满素. Meiguo Wenming美国文明(American Civilization). Beijing:China Social Sciences Press, 2001.15.An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous PaginationCraner, Paul M. ―New Tool for an Ancient Art: The Computer and Music.‖Computers and the Humanities 25 (1991): 303-13. Note: B. T., V. N., (Y. P.): P. N.16.An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Seperately Barthelme, Frederick. ―Archetecture.‖Kansas Quarterly 13. 2 (13. 3-4) (1981): 77-80.Note: B. T., V. N., I. N. (Y. P.): P. N17.An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers Bowering, George. ―Baseball and canadian Imagination.‖Candian Literature108 (1986): 115-24.18.An Article in a NewspaperLohr, Steve. ―Now Playing: Babes in Cyberspace.‖ New York Times 3 Apr. 1998, late ed.: C1+. Note: section c, page 1, and the dislocated consecutive part19.An Article in a MagazineAmelar, Sarah. ―Restoration on 42nd Street.‖Archetecture Mar. 1998: 146-50.20.An Anonymous Article―The Decade of the Spy.‖Newsweek 7 Mar. 1994: 26-27.21.A Film or Video RecirdingChaplin, Charles, dir. Modern Times. Perf. Chaplin and Paulette Goddard. UnitedArtists,1936.22.A Map or ChartJapanese Fundamentals. Chart. Hauppauge: Barron, 1992.Washington. Map. Chicago: Rand, 1995.23.A Part of an Online BookBarsky, Robert F. Introduction. Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent. By Barsky.Cambridge: MIT P, 1997. 8 May 1998 </e-books/ chomsky/ intro.html>.24.An Online PostingHolland, Norman. ―Overcoming Depression.‖ Online Posting. 19 Mar. 1997. Psyart.21 Mar. 1997 </ipsa/psyart.htm>.。
报刊阅读课件Presentation
4)nearness,proximity or locality ) ,
• Carrefour's statement welcomed against Tibet independence • BEIJING - China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) on Tuesday welcomed French retail giant Carrefour's statement that opposes Tibet independence and supports Beijing Olympics.
5)unusualness,bizarreness,oddity or novelty
• 1. When a dog bites a man, that’s not news; but when a man bites a dog, that’s news • 2. Bad news is good news.
• • • • • •
体育新闻(sports news) 暴力与犯罪新闻(violence and crime news) 灾难新闻(disaster news) 天气新闻(weather news) 讣告(obituary) 娱乐(entertainment)
• 如按照事件的性质 • “硬新闻”(hard news) • 纯消息报道”(spot news or straight news),指题材比较严肃、具有一定时新 性的客观事实报道 • “软新闻”(soft news) • 软新闻是指人情味较浓、写法轻松活泼的 社会新闻,其题材可能会显得陈旧per & Magazines
• • • • • • • • The Times Financial Times The Guardian The Daily Telegraph The Sun The Economist The Spectator New Statesman
英语presentation三分钟范文
英语presentation三分钟范文篇1Dear friends, today I want to share with you one of my favorite books, "The Little Prince". This is not just an ordinary book, but a magical journey that has deeply touched my heart!The story is full of wonders and wisdom. The little prince leaves his own planet and travels through various asteroids, meeting all kinds of strange and interesting characters. How fascinating it is! Isn't it amazing to think about his adventures?One of the most unforgettable plots is when the little prince meets the fox and they have a profound conversation about taming. This part really made me think a lot. It made me understand the meaning of connection and responsibility.This book has had a huge impact on me. It taught me to look at the world with a childlike innocence and to cherish the simple and true things in life. Don't we all need such reminders in this busy and complicated world?So, my dear friends, I highly recommend "The Little Prince" to you. Let's all embark on this wonderful journey of the heart together!篇2Oh my goodness! Let me share with you an unforgettable journey that changed my life.It was a sunny summer, and I decided to embark on a solo trip to a remote village. The moment I arrived, I was stunned by the breathtaking scenery. The mountains were like giants standing tall, covered with lush greenery. The clear blue sky seemed to touch the tips of the mountains. The rivers flowed gently, making a soothing sound as if singing a lullaby.The local food was simply divine! I tasted the most delicious homemade pies and fresh fruits. The flavors exploded in my mouth, leaving me craving for more. But what made this trip truly remarkable were the people I met. There was an old man who shared his life stories with me, and his wisdom and kindness touched my heart deeply.This journey wasn't just about the beautiful views and mouthwatering food. It was a journey of self-discovery and growth. I overcame my fear of being alone and learned to enjoy the present moment. It was an experience I will cherish forever. How wonderful life can be when we step out of our comfort zone and embrace the unknown?篇3Today, I want to talk about a really hot social phenomenon that has been changing our lives in a big way - the popularity of electronic payment! How amazing is it that we can simply take out our phones and complete a transaction in seconds? It's so convenient! No more fumbling for cash or worrying about having the right change.But wait! Have you ever thought about the potential problems it mightbring? What if there are technical glitches? What if our personal financial information gets leaked? These are serious questions that we need to consider.Now, let's turn to another important topic - environmental protection! Oh my goodness, how crucial it is for our future! We all know that our planet is facing many challenges. But what can we do as individuals? We can start by reducing our use of single-use plastics. Can you imagine the amount of plastic waste we produce every day? It's terrifying! We can also choose to use public transportation or bike instead of driving alone. Every small action counts!In conclusion, whether it's the convenience and challenges of electronic payment or the importance of our actions for the environment, we should think deeply and act wisely. Let's make a positive difference together!Thank you!篇4Today, I'm thrilled to share with you something truly remarkable! Have you ever thought about how a new technology could completely transform our lives? Well, let me introduce you to the wonders of 5G technology!5G technology is not just a simple upgrade; it's a revolutionary breakthrough! It enables incredibly fast data transmission speeds. Imaginedownloading a full-length movie in just seconds! Isn't that amazing? With 5G, smart cities will become a reality. Self-driving cars can communicate with each other in real-time, reducing traffic accidents. Remote surgeries can be performed with precision, saving countless lives!But that's not all. The future of 5G is filled with endless possibilities. It will power the Internet of Things, connecting everything from our home appliances to industrial equipment. Will our lives become more convenient and efficient? Absolutely!Now, let's shift gears and talk about a healthy lifestyle. How important is it to stay fit and eat right? Extremely important! Regular exercise not only keeps our bodies in shape but also boosts our mood and energy levels.A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, gives us the nutrients we need to thrive.So, let's embrace 5G and lead a healthy life. Let's step into this exciting future together!篇5Ladies and gentlemen! Today, I want to delve into a profound philosophical issue that has perplexed humanity for ages - the relationship between free will and determinism.Have you ever wondered if our actions are truly a result of our own free choices, or are they predetermined by a series of causes and effects beyond our control? This is not just an abstract question but one that hassignificant implications for how we view ourselves and our place in the world.On one hand, the idea of free will suggests that we have the autonomy to make decisions and shape our destinies. We feel a sense of responsibility for our choices and believe that we have the power to change our lives for the better. But on the other hand, determinism argues that everything that happens is inevitable, based on prior conditions and the laws of nature. If this is the case, then are we just pawns in a cosmic game, with no real say in the outcome?This is not a simple either/or proposition. Maybe it's a complex interplay between the two. But how do we navigate this murky territory? How do we make sense of our experiences in light of this ongoing debate?The exploration of this topic is not only intellectually stimulating but also has practical relevance to our daily lives. It forces us to reflect on our actions, our motives, and the nature of moral responsibility.So, dear friends, let's keep pondering and seeking a deeper understanding of this fascinating conundrum. Thank you!。
文献汇报演讲稿英文范文
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Today, I am honored to present a literature review on the topic of "The Impact of Technology on Education." This review aims to summarize and analyze the existing research on this subject, providing insights into the benefits and challenges of integrating technology into educational practices.Introduction:The rapid development of technology in recent years has significantly transformed various aspects of our lives, including education. The integration of technology in the classroom has become a hot topic among educators, policymakers, and researchers. This literature review aims to explore the impact of technology on education, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and implications for the future.Benefits of Technology in Education:1. Enhanced Learning Experience: Numerous studies have shown that technology can enhance the learning experience by providing interactive and engaging content. For instance, multimedia resources such as videos, animations, and simulations can help students better understand complex concepts.2. Increased Access to Education: Technology has made education more accessible to individuals from diverse backgrounds. Online learning platforms and e-books have eliminated geographical barriers, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere.3. Personalized Learning: Technology enables personalized learning experiences, as it can adapt to the individual needs and preferences of students. Adaptive learning platforms can provide tailored instruction, ensuring that each student reaches their full potential.4. Improved Collaboration: Collaborative tools such as online discussion forums, video conferencing, and group projects have facilitated collaboration among students and teachers. This fosters a more interactive and dynamic learning environment.Challenges of Technology in Education:1. Digital Divide: One of the significant challenges of integrating technology in education is the digital divide. Many students do not have access to the necessary technology or internet connectivity, which hinders their learning opportunities.2. Teacher Training: Educators need adequate training to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices. Insufficienttraining can lead to ineffective use of technology and hinder student learning.3. Distraction and Misuse: Technology can be a double-edged sword, as it can also lead to distractions and misuse. Students may spend more time on social media or playing games instead of focusing on their studies.4. Data Privacy and Security: The increasing use of technology in education raises concerns about data privacy and security. Educators must ensure that student information is protected from unauthorized access and misuse.Conclusion:In conclusion, the integration of technology in education has brought numerous benefits, such as enhanced learning experiences, increased access to education, personalized learning, and improved collaboration. However, it also presents challenges, such as the digital divide, teacher training, distraction, and data privacy concerns.As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial for educators, policymakers, and researchers to address these challenges and maximize the benefits of technology in education. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive, effective, and engaging learning environment for all students.Thank you for your attention.。
组会英文文献汇报
组会英文文献汇报Presenter: [Your Name]Date: [Presentation Date]Introduction:Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to join me today for this literature review presentation. My name is [Your Name], and I'll be discussing some key findings and takeaways from recent English language research articles in the field of [Research Area].Background:Before diving into the specific articles, I'd like to provide a brief overview of the research landscape in [Research Area]. This area has seen significant growth in recent years, with numerous studies exploring various aspects of the field. The articles I've chosen for today's presentation are among the most influential and cutting-edge in this domain.Article 1: "Title of Article 1" by [Author 1, Author 2, etc.]This article provides a comprehensive overview of [topic/subfield] within [Research Area]. It identifieskey trends, challenges, and opportunities in this area. One of the most significant findings is [highlight a key finding or conclusion]. This has important implications for [how it relates to the broader field or practical applications].Article 2: "Title of Article 2" by [Author 1, Author 2, etc.]Moving on to the second article, this study focuses on [specific aspect or methodology] within [Research Area]. It employs [research method] to investigate [specific question or hypothesis]. The results indicate that [summarize key findings], which offers new insights into [how it contributes to the understanding of the field].Article 3: "Title of Article 3" by [Author 1, Author 2, etc.]The third article takes a different approach, examining [another aspect or angle of the research area]. It argues that [present the main argument or hypothesis] and provides evidence to support this claim. Among the key takeaways is [highlight a significant finding or conclusion].Conclusion and Discussion:In conclusion, the articles reviewed today offer valuable insights into various facets of [Research Area]. Collectively, they highlight the progress made in this field and identify areas ripe for further exploration. I encourage everyone to delve deeper into these articles to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the research discussed. Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to any questions or discussions that may arise.。
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For the family
• Raising a child means you will have a lot of joy and happiness, meanwhile responsibilities and obligations.They play an irreplaceable role in the family.The children also inherit the human civilization and culture,as well as your own family.
Conclusion
• Raising a child is an excellent job which is full of joys and challenges,from my point of view,it is necessary.After all,who will keep the lovely ,smart and innocent children away!
The opposite points
• It is a troublesome job to raise a child because it takes a long period of time and a large amount of money,as well as energetic. • Their careers are also significant compared with children,in other worlds,they are unwilling to take risks of losing opportunities developing their potentials.
英文文献汇报ppt
英文文献汇报pptTitle: Advances in Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Review of Recent LiteratureSlide 1: Introduction- Introduce the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare- State the objective of the presentation: To discuss recent advancements in AI in healthcare based on a review of literature- Provide an outline of the presentationSlide 2: Overview of AI in Healthcare- Briefly explain the concept of AI and its potential applications in healthcare- Highlight the benefits of using AI in healthcare, such as improved accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes- Mention the various AI techniques used in healthcare, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and roboticsSlide 3: Literature Search Methodology- Explain the methodology used for identifying relevant literature for this review- Discuss the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied- Mention the databases and keywords used for the literature search Slide 4: AI in Diagnosis and Treatment- Present recent studies on the use of AI in diagnosing various medical conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders- Highlight the benefits of AI in diagnosis, including improved accuracy and speed- Discuss examples of AI applications in treatment planning and personalized medicineSlide 5: AI in Predictive Analytics and Early Detection- Discuss the use of AI in predicting patient outcomes and identifying early signs of diseases- Present studies showcasing the effectiveness of AI in predicting patient readmissions, mortality rates, and response to treatment- Explain how AI can support early detection and intervention in diseases such as diabetes and sepsisSlide 6: AI in Healthcare Administration- Discuss the role of AI in improving healthcare administration and operational efficiency- Present studies on the use of AI for patient scheduling, resource allocation, and workflow optimization- Explain how AI can help in reducing healthcare costs and improving patient access to careSlide 7: AI and Patient Privacy/Ethics- Address the ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI in healthcare- Discuss the importance of patient privacy and data security in AI applications- Mention the need for regulatory frameworks to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI in healthcareSlide 8: Conclusion- Summarize the key findings from the literature review- Emphasize the potential of AI in transforming healthcare delivery- Discuss future research directions and areas of further exploration Slide 9: References- List the references of the reviewed literature in a proper citation formatNote: Each slide should contain concise bullet points or brief statements with relevant images and graphs to support the content presented. The speaker should provide detailed explanations during the presentation, making sure to discuss the main findings and implications of each referenced study.。
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• Term struture (利率期限结构) • 是指在某个固定时点上,不同期限的资金收益率
与到期期限的关系。 • Latent variables(潜在变量) • 不可观测的影响收益率变化的其他因子:通过主 成分分析通常情况下用收益率曲线的: Level(水平)、Slope(斜率)、Curvature (曲率)因子来表示。
The effect of inflation shocks are strongest at the short end of the yield curve
Conclusion
AdvantageBiblioteka Classical model
Precedent Research
Disadvantage
The theoretical part is not sufficient
macro variables
latent variables
No-arbitrage VAR model
account for term struture dynamics features
Influence principle
Macro variables(CPI、PI )
Expected short rate(r)level
Welcome to our presentation
• In my presentation there are three parts: • First: Introduction • Second:Paper anlysing • Third:Conclusion
Introduction
Paper anlysing
Estimation results
Parameter estimates
Impulse responses
Variance decomposit ions
Forecasts
Compariso n of factors
macro factors explain up to 85%movements in the short and middle parts ofand 40% in the long end of the yield curve
A no-arbitrage vector autoregression of term struture dynamics with macroecnomic and latent variables
基于无套利向量自回归模型带有宏观变量和潜在 变量的动态利率期限结构
---Andrew Ang,Monika Piazzesi
latent factor intact、Slope factor are attribute to the macro factor
Conclusion
cross-equation restriction no arbitrage macro factors model out-sampleforecast function better
Form future long-term interest rates level(R)
The empirical
Stata Descriptive statistics ADF Test
Short term interest rate dynamic estimation model、No arbitrage pricing model
Gains
The empirical Model
Analysis way
Abstract
• We describe the joint dynamics of bond yields and macroeconomic variables in a Vector Autoregression, where identifying restrictions are based on the absence of arbitrage. Using a term structure model with inflation and economic growth factors, together with latent variables, we investigate how macro variables affect bond prices and the dynamics of the yield curve. We find that the forecasting performance of a VAR improves when no-arbitrage restrictions are imposed and that models with macro factors forecast better than models with only unobservable factors. Variance decompositions show that macro factors explain up to 85% of the variation in bond yields. Macro factors primarily explain movements at the short end and middle of the yield curve while unobservable factors still account for most of the movement at the long end of the yield curve.