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上海普陀区2010年中考一模语文试题答案及评分标准

上海普陀区2010年中考一模语文试题答案及评分标准普陀区初三语文第一学期期末质量抽查试卷参考答案和评分标准一、文言文（42分）（一）默写（18分，每小题3分）1. 留取丹心照汗青2. 月上柳梢头3. 一点飞鸿影下4.断肠人在天涯5. 皆若空游无所依6. 得之心而寓之酒也（二）阅读下面的诗，完成第7-8题（4分）7. 如雪花般飞舞的杨花（2分）8. A（2分）（三）阅读下文，完成第9-12题（8分）9. 孔孟论学（1分）孟轲（1分）10. 集中于某方面（2分）11. 即使是天下容易生长的植物（2分）12. D（2分）（四）阅读下文，完成第13-16题（12分）13.（1）在一起（2分）（2）大叫（2分）14. 副使尽力取来船里的东西把他们全部投到海里去，也没有时间去拣择。

（3分）15. 副使者以士衡所得缣帛藉船底，然后实己物以避漏湿。

（2分）16. 凭一己私利为人处世，最终受害的反倒是自己。

（3分）二、现代文（48分）17. C（3分）18. 猪有可能是产生新流行毒株的混合器和古老的流感病毒长期存在的贮存器。

（3分）19. 举例子、列数字（2分）用事实和数据准确说明这次疫情将是近几十年来最大规模的流感流行。

（1分）20. （1）药物及疫苗营造的人工选择压力使病毒突变的速度加快。

（3分）（2）病毒突变将使已经生产的药物和疫苗失去效用。

（3分）（3）人类难以抵御甲型H1N1和禽流感H5N1重组后的病毒。

（3分）21. （1）B（3分）（2）自我隔离（3分）22. 腼腆（2分）23. 比喻（1分）学校很快静如空巢。

或者我夹着课本进教室，发现室内乱成一锅粥。

（3分）24. 生气震惊后悔（每格1分，共3分）25. 我觉得学生们的送行方式太出格，也担心他们会受到老师的责罚。

（2分）我联想起当年的一幕，被记忆深处的学生送行场面感动了，与影片中的男教室产生了共鸣。

（2分）26. C（3分）27. （8分）关于我的心理：我既被男孩诚挚的行为所感动，也对男孩的生活境遇充满了同情，更为自己以往对他的嫌弃而心怀歉疚。

2021年上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及答案

2021年上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.6. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer MistakesCUntil quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head. Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.8. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?A. They often have people hurt.B. They are difficult to practice.C. People have a wrong view on it.D. People practice them more often.9. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Interesting.B. Difficult.C. Friendly.D. Exciting.10. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?A. Adjusting the breath.B. Enjoying one’s free time.C. Correcting the movement.D. Keeping one’s attention.11. What does the writer think of martial arts?A. They are notsports.B. They attracted many teenagers.C. They are beneficial and helpful.D. They were invented to protect others.DDengue is a very painful illness spread by mosquitoes. In severe cases, dengue can even be deadly. Dengue is a serious disease affecting people in around 120 countries. It can cause high fevers, headaches, and severe pain. It’s caused by a virus spread by bites from mosquitoes. Therefore, dengue is more common in warm areas. Every year, roughly 390 million people get dengue, and as many as 25,000 die from it.Now scientists seem to have found a way to protect humans from dengue by first protecting mosquitoes. Dengue fever is caused by a virus. Though it may seem strange to think of it this way, the mosquitoes that spread the dengue virus are also infected with it. But the virus doesn’t seem to hurt the mosquitoes.Wolbachia is a kind of bacteria commonly found in many insects. In some insects, Wolbachia can keep some viruses fromduplicatingthemselves, which is how viruses grow inside a body. Wolbachia isn’t naturally found in mosquitoes. But by infecting these mosquitoes with Wolbachia, scientists can keep the mosquitoes from catching the dengue virus. Even better, the young mosquitoes coming from the eggs of the infected mosquitoes also carry Wolbachia.Researchers working with the World Mosquito Program (WMP) ran a 27-month study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. They split a 10-square-mile area up into 24 smaller areas. In half of the areas, the scientists did nothing. In the other half, they set out containers of eggs from mosquitoes that had Wolbachia. They did this every two weeks for just 4 to 6 months.Ten months later, 80% of the mosquitoes in the treated areas carried Wolbachia. The researchers report the number of dengue cases in the treated areas was reduced by 77% and that the number of people needing hospital care for dengue dropped by 86%.Because the results of the experiment were so good, the WHO has placed Wolbachia-infected mosquito eggs in all parts of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. The WHO says that within a year, their efforts will protect 2.5 million people against dengue and that their efforts will be turned into a program that can be repeated worldwide.12. What kind of disease is dengue?A. It is likely to cause death.B. It causes no pain but fevers.C. It happens less often in hot areas.D. It hurts both people and mosquitoes.13. The underlined word “duplicating” in paragraph 3 most probably means “________”.A. worsening the harm ofB. expanding the size ofC. increasing forces ofD. making copies of14. What can be inferred about the method from the figures listed in paragraph 5?A. Its wide use.B. Its effectiveness.C. Its complexity.D.Its easy operation.15. What’s the WHO’s attitude towards the method?A. Ambiguous.B. Positive.C. Tolerant.D. Skeptical.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市崇明区2024年高三一模语文答案

崇明区2023~2024年第一学期期末高三年级语文学科教学质量监测试卷参考答案一、积累应用10分1.（1）无之以为用（2）背绳墨以追曲兮（3）王羲之群贤毕至少长咸集2.（1）丙请尽情回忆青春往事评分说明：改例解决“请珍惜机会”的不得体意味即可。

（2）A二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成3—7题。

（16分）3.重大转变或影响总是有关键人物推动4.C5.A6.以反问语句增强辩驳语气，增加论证力度，突出对“常识解释事件”的否定；以绝对化表述突出反驳的气势，给予错误观点不容置辩的否定。

如“根本谈不上”给错误观点斩钉截铁的否定、“自然全是”“自然全不是”的概述绝对而典型，突出以常识解释事件的荒谬、“总是觉得”“简直是”的表述突出了这种解释带来的迷惑性，进而引发思考，强化论证的针对性。

评分说明：论述语言特点“反问语气”“绝对化表述”，1点1分；具体分析1点1分，给满3分为止。

7.参考示例一：我不赞同。

首先，本文对社会学家理解世界的前提有所界定，是“直观常识”，是一厢情愿的想当然；并通过典型案例中的相关研究验证多个直观常识存在的认识偏差，有针对地论述这类“常识”在理解复杂世界方面的问题；最后再以常识善于事后“解释”事件，导致其预测未来的错觉，突出其不可信。

因此，我不赞同论证缺乏说服力的观点。

参考示例二：我觉得这一观点有一定道理。

本文尽管对常见的“常识”带来的认知偏差进行论述，但仅仅是不完全归纳，并不能否认依然存在给社会学认识带来作用的“常识”。

同时，文章过度强调自然科学实验和数据统计的方法的作用，但是，对其与社会科学的一致性、适切性方面并未论及。

评分说明：评价1分，仅作评价无分析不给分；围绕观点的理由分析，1点2分分。

给满5分为止。

理由角度参考：“常识”的界定、概念界定与观点间关系分析、论证的层次逻辑等。

（二）（16分）8. 本文选取农夫雅各布一家丢失鸡蛋最终抓住盗窃者的小事展开叙述，通过叙述逐步呈现雅各布一家以及哈特利一家的贫穷，由此反映对美国经济危机背景下艰难时世的反思；围绕故事展开，借助看报纸、插叙往事等方式，丰富对人物的塑造，突出了人物的典型性和代表性，由典型的人物形象反映工人、农民阶层的悲惨遭遇；文中埃德娜对哈特利甚至子女的刻薄、哈特利的高傲以及家人面对杀死狗时的冷漠刻画等，均深刻地揭示出艰难时世对人性的扭曲。

高三10月质量检测试题含解析试题

九师联盟2021届高三语文10月质量检测试题〔含解析〕一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)阐述类文本阅读(本題一共3小题，9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

马克思很早就针对人类空间的认识过程加以阐述。

自从人类意识产生后，空间就被对象化。

随着资本主义全球的进程，空间又被资本化、政治化。

构成方式和重要意义。

历史进程在消费力与消费关系的矛盾运动中演进，把联结消费力与消费关系的空间引入历史书写之中，是坚持历史唯物主义的必然要求。

中国传统的历史书写中有极具特色的空间观念，“天下观〞就是其中之一。

在“普天之下，莫非王土;率土之滨，莫非王臣〞的逻辑之下，京师被设定为天下之中，由城墙拱卫，京城之中复有宫城，以居住皇室。

京城周边或者曰京兆或者曰顺天府，再外围那么为“直隶〞，为首都有南直隶，为首都有北直隶。

直隶之外为行。

行之外为藩属，通过朝贡制度维持联络。

藩属之外那么为蛮荒之地。

这种同心圆构造的“空间〞，既是地理、物理和有形的，也是哲学、文化、历史和无形的。

但是，中国传统的这种空间观念所代表和承载的政治文化、典章制度和消费关系，在近代资本主义列强的全球扩张中遭遇了宏大挑战。

在书写中国近代以来历史的过程中，把中国这个空间作为世界的一局部，从而把中国历史视为世界近代史的一局部，已经成为前辈学人的遵循。

可以说，正是空间观念的改变形成了新的历史书写。

历史研究理论说明，自觉在历史研究和历史书写中突出“空间〞要素，有助于我们深化对历史的理解。

比方，一部世界近代史，在很大程度上就是资本主义在全球扩张、强行复制其消费关系的历史，也就是资本主义在空间维度上排拒其他形式消费关系、进而改写其他空间政治建构和文化的历史。

所谓“地理大发现〞，其本质是欧洲列强在完全生疏的空间中强行复制其政治、经济、HY、文化乃至国家构造的过程，其结果不仅仅是当地土著和维京人早已“发现〞美洲的历史被改写，整个人类近代史的表达构造和价值取向都被改变。

再进一步看，在第二次世界HY中，各参战国根本依赖工业区和工业消费才能，而中国却在很大程度上依赖落后的大前方支撑全面HY。

2021年10月广东省深圳市宝安区普通高中2022届高三毕业班上学期调研测试(一模)语文答案解析

宝安区2021-2022学年第一学期调研测试卷高三语文参考答案1．B（3分）【解析】“西方建筑文化传统对自然十分排斥”有误。

原文“自然虽让人喜爱，但也总是意味着危险”最多算是一种警醒的态度，不能算“十分排斥”。

“建筑一直享有面对自然的独立地位”以及“自然与建筑总是以简明的空间区隔方式区别开来”，只强调两者相对独立，有所区分，不能等同于将建筑与自然隔绝，所以也不能推出“排斥”的态度。

再者，所谓的“排斥自然”也有违基本的生活常识。

2．A（3分）【解析】B项，“重新向传统学习”只是中国的解决之道，并不一定是西方的解决之道。

C项，“由于与现代建筑的材料、技术的巨大差异，很难得到真正的应用”无中生有，也与原文“我们在使用现代钢筋混凝土结构和钢结构体系的同时大量使用手工技艺”的表达不相符。

D项，“模仿古典园林样式、追求抽象的建筑形式、表达特定概念的建筑设计”未必“与建筑的自然之道绝缘”。

原文要否定的是“单纯模仿古典园林样式”“盲目追求抽象的建筑形式”“为概念而概念”。

3．B（3分）【解析】“九天阊阖开宫殿，万国衣冠拜冕旒”只描写了皇宫建筑的气派，并未体现建筑与自然和谐共存的理念。

4．【示例1】答：材料二先指出城市建筑面临的现实困境（1分），引出解决问题的对策即“追求自然之道”（1分），接着从美学追求和发展观两个方面（1分）阐述其具体做法（1分）。

【示例2】答：材料二先指出城市建筑存在的问题“是什么”（1分），接着从“怎么办”的角度（1分），给出解决问题的方法即“追求自然之道”（1分），并从美学追求和发展观两个方面详细说明（1分）。

（评分说明：提出问题/是什么、具体做法/怎么办、追求自然之道、美学与发展观两方面，四个要点各给1分，共4分）5．答：①我们要把传统的材料运用与建造体系同现代技术相结合，在这一过程中提升传统技术。

②我们要着手改革体制机制，重视城市规划设计；③建筑师要积极创新，引入节能低碳、集约高效的绿色科技手段，树立可持续发展的建设理念。

10-石景山-2019年初三数学一模参考答案

石景山区2019年初三统一练习暨毕业考试数学试卷答案及评分参考阅卷须知：1. 为便于阅卷，本试卷答案中有关解答题的推导步骤写得较为详细，阅卷时，只要考生将主要过程正确写出即可。

2. 若考生的解法与给出的解法不同，正确者可参照评分参考相应给分。

3. 评分参考中所注分数，表示考生正确做到此步应得的累加分数。

一、选择题（本题共16分，每小题2分）二、填空题（本题共16分，每小题2分） 9．答案不唯一，10．>11．31012．813．12 14．315．552x y x y =+⎧⎪⎨=-⎪⎩16．三、解答题（本题共68分，第17 - 22题，每小题5分，第23 - 26题，每小题6分，第27，28题，每小题7分）解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程． 17．解：（1）补全的图形如图所示：（2）菱形；四条边都相等的四边形是菱形；菱形的对边平行． 18．解：原式=213+ 2+=．………………2分………………5分………………4分 ………………4分 ………………5分19．解：解不等式13(3)x x -<-，得4x >．解不等式52x x +≥，得5x ≥． ∴原不等式组的解集为5x ≥． 20．（1）证明：依题意，得()()2342m m ∆=⎡-+⎤-+⎣⎦ 26948m m m =++--()21m =+．∵()210m +≥， ∴0∆≥．∴方程总有两个实数根．（2）解：解方程，得1212x x m ==+，， ∵方程的两个实数根都是正整数，∴21m +≥． ∴1m -≥．∴m 的最小值为1-．21．（1）证明：∵点E 为CD 中点， ∴CE ＝DE ．∵EF ＝BE ，∴四边形DBCF 是平行四边形．（2）解：∵四边形DBCF 是平行四边形，∴CF ∥AB ，DF ∥BC ．∴30FCG A ∠=∠=︒，90CGF CGD ACB ∠=∠=∠=︒．在Rt △FCG 中，CF =6，∴132FG CF ==，CG = ∵4DF BC ==， ∴1DG =．在Rt △DCG 中，由勾股定理，得CD =………………………………2分………………………………3分 ………………………………4分………………………………5分………………………………2分 ………………………………4分 ………………………………5分 ………………………………2分………………………………3分………………………………4分………………………………5分 CFDG EBA22．（1）证明：连接CO 并延长交AF 于点G ． ∵CD 是⊙O 的切线， ∴90ECO ∠=︒．∵AB 是⊙O 的直径， ∴90AFB ∠=︒． ∵BE CD ⊥， ∴90CEF ∠=︒．∴四边形CEFG 是矩形．∴GF CE =，90CGF ∠=︒． ∴CG AF ⊥．∴12GF AF =． ∴12CE AF =．（2）解：∵CG AF ⊥， ∴CF CA =．∴CBA CAF ∠=∠．∴tan tan 2CBA CAF ∠=∠=．∵AB 是⊙O 的直径，∴90ACB ∠=︒．在Rt △CBA 中，设BC x =，2AC x =，则=52AB =⨯．∴BC x ==23．解：（1）∵函数()0ky x x=<的图象G 经过点A （-1，6）， ∴6k =-． …………… 1分 ∵直线2y mx =-与x 轴交于点B （-1，0），∴2m =-． ……………………… 2分（2）①判断：PD =2PC ．理由如下： ……… 3分当1n =-时，点P 的坐标为(-1,2)，∴点C 的坐标为(-2,2)，点D 的坐标为(-3,2)∴PC =1，PD =2．∴PD =2PC ． …………… 4分②10n -<≤或3n -≤． …………… 6分………………………………3分………………………………4分………………………………5分………………………………2分24．解：（1）（2）（3）25．解：（1）（2乙校样本数据的中位数76分，所以该学生在甲校排在前20名，在乙校排在后20名，而这名学生在所属学校排在前20名，说明这名学生是甲校的学生．（3）在样本中，乙校成绩优秀的学生人数为14+2=16．假设乙校800名学生都参加此次测试，估计成绩优秀的学生人数为1680032040⨯=．26．解：（1）∵1(0)y kx k =+≠经过点A 23(,)，∴1k =． ∵直线1y x =+与抛物线2y ax bx a =++的对称轴交于点C ()m,2，∴1m =．（2）∵抛物线2y ax bx a =++的对称轴为1x =，∴12ba-=，即2b a =-． ∴22y ax ax a =-+2(1)a x =-．∴抛物线的顶点坐标为()1,0．……………………………4分 ……………………………6分………………………………4分……………………………1分……………………………2分（3）当0a >时，如图，若抛物线过点B 01(,)，则1a =．结合函数图象可得01a <<．当0a <时，不符合题意．综上所述，a 的取值范围是01a <<．27．（1）补全的图形如图1所示． …………… 1分（2）证明：△ABC 是等边三角形，∴AB BC CA ==．60ABC BCA CAB ∠=∠=∠=︒．由平移可知ED ∥BC ，ED =BC ．………… 2分 60ADE ACB ∴∠=∠=︒．90GMD ∠=︒，2DG DM DE ∴==． …………… 3分 DE BC AC ==， DG AC ∴=．AG CD ∴=． …………… 4分（3）线段AH 与CG 的数量关系：AH = CG ．…………… 5分证明：如图2，连接BE ，EF ．,ED BC =ED ∥BC ，BEDC ∴四边形是平行四边形．BE CD CBE ADE ABC ∴=∠=∠=∠，． GM ED 垂直平分，EF DF ∴=．DEF EDF ∴∠=∠．ED ∥BC ，BFE DEF BFH EDF ∴∠=∠∠=∠，． BFE BFH ∴∠=∠． BF BF =，BEF BHF ∴△≌△． …………… 6分 BE BH CD AG ∴===． AB AC =，AH CG ∴=．…………… 7分 ………………………………6分图1图228．解：（1）①5．②如图，(5d E =点．()d EF ∴线段的最小值是5． ∴符合题意的点F 满足()5d F 点≤．当()=5d F 点时， 125BF DF ==．∴点1F 的坐标为()4,0，点2F 的坐标为()4,0-． ∴1k =-或1k =．结合函数图象可得1k ≤-或1k ≥．（2）33t -<<．………………………………5分………………………………7分。

成都七中10级高三语文一诊模拟考试试题(含答案)

成都七中高2010级一诊模拟试题语文试卷命题人：2010级备课组审题人：伍新春黄明勇张锦考试时间：150分钟总分：150分第I卷一、(12分，每小题３分）1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一组是A．坯．子/胚．胎胳臂．/复辟．伫．立/贮．藏室栖．居/恓恓．．惶惶B．埋．怨/阴霾．弦．乐/舷．窗市侩．/刽．子手曝．晒/暴．殄天物C．忸怩．/昵．称拜谒．/偈．语佝偻．/捅娄．子针灸．/咎．由自取D．散．漫/散．步执拗．/拗．口泊．车/梁山泊．拮据．/前倨．后恭2. 下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是A．经典蔓延暴发户夸夸奇谈B．苍茫宣泄订书机轻歌曼舞C．亲睐磨砺副食品自鸣得意D．幅度震撼启明星苇编三绝3.下列各句中，加点词语使用恰当的一句是A. 首都北京“身份”特殊，经常会实施交通限行措施，限行原因包括举行重大节日活动、召开重要会议、举办重要赛事等，不一而足．．．．。

B.刚刚从英国载誉归来的丁俊晖接受了记者的采访，一向内敛寡言的他巧舌如簧．．．．，从容地应对各种提问。

C.四川省普通高中新课程改革将从明年秋季学期起正式启动，新修订的《全日制普通高级中学教学大纲》对学生阅读能力的培养提出了具体而微．．．．的要求。

D.昨天早晨，我和多年失去联系的小张在街上不期而遇，开始都觉得面熟，却不敢相认。

“这可是大．水冲了龙王庙．．．．．．啊！”当彼此叫出名字后，他笑着说。

4．下列各词中，没有语病的一句是A.气候变化问题是二十一世纪人类社会面临的最严峻挑战之一，事关人类生存和各国发展，必须携手努力、合作应对。

B.自甲流疫情爆发以来，媒体公布的全球甲流死亡病例已超过1万例，而实际死亡病例远高于此，各国必须继续保持警惕，将疫苗接种工作继续开展下去。

C.李一飞认为，学校应该把提高学生素质作为教育的目标，因而素质教育的核心就是道德教育，因为教育活动从本质上来说就是一种道德实践活动。

D.为了不打乱中学正常的教学，教育部对名校扎堆举行自主招生考试，并提前开打生源战的情况紧急叫停。

上海奉贤区2010年中考一模语文试题答案及评分标准

上海奉贤区2010年中考一模语文试题答案及评分标准奉贤区初三语文第一学期期末质量抽查试卷参考答案和评分标准一、文言文（42分）1. 随君直到夜郎西2. 葡萄美酒夜光杯3.古道西风瘦马4. 4. 静影沉璧5. 会挽雕弓如满月6.揭其庐之人（每空3分，共18分）7. 如雪花般飞舞的杨花。

（2分）8. D（2分）9.C（2分）10. 这老鼠被困（关闭）在袋子里不能逃离出去了。

（3分）11. B（3分）12. （1）获得、捕捉（2分）（2）招致（2分）13. 两艘小船牵引着将它张开，用绳子把铁块拴住，将网垂入水底。

（3分）14. 鱼过者，必钻触求进，愈触愈术愈怒，则颊张鬣舒，钩著其目，致不可脱。

（或者用自己的话回答，2分）15. 人生路上，要懂得该进则进，该退则退。

（或：遇到困难或挫折，要学会换一种思维考虑问题。

等等。

3分）二、现代文（48分）16. 培陪(1+1分)17.（1）交代了女孩父母不能陪伴的原因和他们对女孩的安排，与下文父亲从国外赶回相呼应，体现了他们对女孩的爱。

（2）为下文盲人阿姨对女孩的照顾作铺垫，以此衬托出阿姨无微不至关心他人的优良品质。

（2+2分）18．原句用省略号是因为阿姨在借助想象描绘花园的美景，所以说话断续，暗示了阿姨是一位盲人；用大蝴蝶的比喻是阿姨为了让女孩形象地感受到花的美。

原句更能表现阿姨的善良和体贴。

（4分）19. 第一次：女孩因受不了黑暗世界的折磨而痛苦。

第二次：女孩因盼望早日看到光明而焦急。

（2+2分）20. C（3分）21.（1）医院后花园开出的绚烂的花儿，也是暂时失明的女孩和阿姨心中看到的绚烂花儿。

（2）处于困境时内心拥有的乐观精神和对生活的美好希望。

（2+3分）22. D(3分)23. （1）我国每年人均购书量极少，国民阅读率连年下降。

（2）中央和地方的电视读书节目相继消逝。

（3）人文阅读的读者人数逐年减少，人文阅读出现了严重的问题。

（2+2+2分）24. 第①至④段，从专家学者的倡议、国家领导人的希望和世界各地读书节的流行看，设立国家的读书节都具有重要的意义。

河南省信阳市2022届高三上学期10月第一次教学质量检测(一模)物理Word版含答案

2021-2022学年普通高中高三第一次教学质量检测物理考前须知：1.答题前，考生务必将本人的姓名、准考证号等考生信息填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将准考证号填涂在相应位置。

2.选择题答案使用2B铅笔填涂，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号；非选择题答案使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。

第I卷(选择题)一、选择题(此题共10小题，共40分。

其中1～6题只有一个选项符合题目要求，7～10题有多个选项符合题目要求，全部选对的得4分，选对但选不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

)1.物理学是研究物质运动最一般规律和物质根本结构的学科，在物理学的探索和发现过程中，科学家们运用了许多研究方法如：理想实验法、控制变量法、极限思想法、类比法、科学假说法和建立物理模型法等。

以下关于物理学研究方法的表达中正确的选项是A.在不需要考虑物体本身的大小和形状时，用质点来代替物体的方法是微元法B.在探究加速度、力和质量三者之间的关系时，先保持质量不变研究加速度与力的关系，再保持力不变研究加速度与质量的关系，这里运用了控制变量法C.在推导匀变速直线运动位移公式时，把整个运动过程划分成很多小段，每一小段近似看作匀速直线运动，再把各小段位移相加，这里运用了理想模型法D.根据速度定义式v=xt∆∆，当△t→0时，xt∆∆就可以表示物体在t时刻的瞬时速度，该定义运用了理想实验法入识别区，ETC天线用了0.3s的时间识别车载电子标签，识别完成后发出“滴〞的一声，司机发现自动栏杆没有抬起，于是采取制动刹车，汽车刚好没有撞杆。

司机的反响时间为0.4s，刹车的加速度大小为5m/s2，那么该ETC通道的长度约为3.如下图为小明玩蹦床的情景，其中A位置表示床面未受压力时的平衡位置，B位置是他从最高点直立下落的过程中将床面所压到的最低位置。

金华十校 2023 年 10 月高三模拟考试(一模预演)语文试卷含答案解析

金华十校2023 年10 月高三模拟考试（一模预演）语文试卷一、现代文阅读（35 分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共 5 小题，19 分）1. 阅读下面的文字，完成小题。

达尔文设想，人类和猿猴是由一个共同的祖先遗传下来的，这一观点曾使他的许多同代人怒不可遏，尤其让那些一直有着虔诚宗教信仰的人们出离愤怒。

当达尔文于1833年首次草草写下他的遗传思想时，还没有发现任何与智人不同的骨骼。

达尔文预言，如果发现此类化石，它们一定会介于猿猴和人类之间。

第一个“遗失的环节”发现于达尔文的理论正式发表前两年，即1857年。

新发现的智人亚种尼安德特人看上去确实有点像猿猴。

当其头骨和部分骨骼首次在波昂的一次德国科学会议上展出时，有人怀疑它不属于真正的人类，也有人认为不过是一种反常现象。

然而，地质学家莱伊尔发现，“新观察到的猿人骨骼与正常标准人类结构的差别，并不是一种偶然的或随机的畸形。

如果变异法则正合乎进化论者（如达尔文）的要求，那么这种差别是意料中事。

”从发现尼安德特人至今，在欧、美、亚各洲都有过许多对人类和前人类化石“露西”的发现，这些无一例外地都是一种实验。

总之，达尔文的预言已经充分被证实了。

因为从解剖学的角度而言，每发现一个较老的化石，都愈来愈接近于猿猴。

但最近几十年来，已可利用更精密的技术来检验共同祖先的遗传原理。

进化透过脱氧核糖核酸的变化而实现，而脱氧核糖核酸又显示了不同种之间在生物化学和形态学方面的区别。

达尔文对基因或DNA还一无所知，所以他的想法十分不同凡响。

直到克里克和沃森在50年代破解了DNA分子的共同语言，重新发现了19世纪后期孟德尔关于基因的研究之后，达尔文在百余年前提出的生命皆有共同祖先的预言，才得到了令人信服的证实。

这样看来，灭绝现象没有达尔文想得那么简单。

以恐龙为例，如果达尔文关于生物为生存环境而竞争的设想是正确的，那么物种形成的速率将如他所料，与物种的灭绝达到完全的平衡。

但是恐龙却在短时间内突然消失了；迄今为止，从未在比马斯特里奇白垩新的地层中发现过恐龙化石。

2021年南宁市第十中学高三语文一模试卷及参考答案

2021年南宁市第十中学高三语文一模试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成小题。

唐诗以前所未有的艺术力量反映了中国封建社会在它繁荣昌盛期所呈现出来的生活美，也表现了这样一个时代中人们比较健康昂扬的精神状态。

尽管唐代社会本身也有走下坡路的时候，有如杜甫所讲的“万方多难”的时代，但由于这种时代是紧接在盛世之后的，盛唐的精神文化影响仍然极为深刻，人们的胸襟气质还是跟其他时代不同，还有幻想，甚至觉得盛世还会再来。

这时候，生活在人们的感受里即使是惨淡的，也还能够有力地拨动人们的心弦，使人们为之激动、为之歌唱，而一般不致对它麻木不仁。

因而，唐诗所表现的生活美和精神美显得更加元气淋漓。

唐代那样一个兴旺发达的社会，生活本身就容易激起人们的诗情，而在时代精神的影响下，这一时期的诗人又往往更多地带着一种诗意的眼光看生活，因而即使是在平常的、习见的生活中也发现了丰富多彩的美。

但处在经济高涨中的唐人生活，在诗中一般地并不表现为平静、小康和满足。

即使是日常的和平环境中的生活，在诗人的笔下，也往往显得浪漫而舒展，人们的精神、情思，不是像秋水般的沉静，而是像春水般的不安于平地，寻找浩瀚的海洋。

人们觉得在自然身上发现了美，也就等于在自己生活中发现了美。

安史之乱以后，唐代社会生活发生巨大变化，原有的那些形态的美受到了破坏，美在生活中的比重，无疑是下降了。

这时现实生活还有没有美，文学艺术还能不能反映出生活美呢？唐诗令人信服地回答了现实生活中仍然有关，而且可以用激动人心的艺术力量表现出来，唐代安史之乱之后，以杜甫为首的一批诗人在缺少亮色乃至乱离苦难的生活面前，就是这样地作了反映。

不过，他们这时所表现的生活美已不再是“美的生活”，而是生活中某些美的成分、素质或品格，通过作家的审美处理，所给予人的美的感受。

安史之乱中，人们承受着牺牲，用血肉捍卫了祖国的统一。

尽管这场斗争付出的代价是惨重的，但杜甫等诗人怀着对人民崇敬的心情，从斗争中发掘了悲壮的美。

2022届高三第一学期10月初检测参考答案及评分标准

2022 届高三第一学期10 月初检测化学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、单项选择：每小题2 分，共20 分。

1.D2.D3.C4.A5.A6.A7.B8.C9.A 10.B二、不定项选择题：每小题4 分，共20 分。

全对得4 分，部分2 分，有错得0 分。

11.BD 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.D三、非选择题：本题共5 小题，共60 分。

16．（12 分）(1)38.8 (1 分) 4:1 (1 分)(2)30 (1 分) CO2 和CO (1 分) 3.84 (2 分)225℃～300℃(3)①C O3O4 (2 分) 3C O C2O4＋2O2 CO3O4＋6CO2 (2 分)②5:6 (2 分)17．（11 分）(1) NH4＋、CO32－、SO42－、K＋(2 分) Mg2＋、Fe3＋(2 分)(2)Cl－(1 分) 加入足量的稀硝酸和硝酸钡溶液，过滤，向滤液中滴入AgNO3 溶液，若有白色沉淀生成，则证明有Cl－存在，否则不存在(2 分)(3) c(SO42－)==0.1mol·L－1 c(CO32－)==0.2mol·L－1 )c(NH4＋)==0.4mol·L－1 c(K＋) ≥0.2mol·L－1 (4 分)18．（12 分）(1)平衡气压，使浓盐酸顺利滴下(1 分) NaOH 溶液(1 分)Ca(ClO)2＋4HCl(浓) CaCl2＋2H2O＋2Cl2↑(2 分)(2) 在装置A、B 之间加装盛有饱和食盐水的洗气瓶(2 分)(3) 酸式(1 分) C (1 分)(4) (2 分) B、D (2 分)19．（14 分）(1)漏斗、烧杯、玻璃棒(1 分) 加快反应速率(1 分)(2)铅及少量锰粉(1 分) MgSO4·7H2O (1 分) 硫酸钡(或BaSO4 )(1 分)Mn＋Pb2＋Mn2＋＋Pb(2 分)(3) H2C2O4＋Ca2＋CaC2O4↓＋2H＋(2 分)Earlybird(4)d (1 分)(5)SO42－(1 分) 取少量上层澄清溶液于试管中，滴加BaCl2 溶液，如无沉淀出现则说明SO42－已除尽，反之则没有除尽(2 分)(6)b (1 分)20．（11 分）(1) Al(OH)3＋OH－AlO2－＋2H2O (1 分)(2)通入CO2 气体有白色沉淀生成；加入盐酸有气体生成、沉淀溶解(2 分)(3)把生成的CO2 全部排入C 中，使之完全被Ba(OH)2 溶液吸收(2 分)(4) cd (2 分)(5) 25％(2 分)(6)B 中的水蒸气、HCl 气体等进入装置C 中会导致测量结果偏高(2 分)Earlybird。

2021届北京市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案

2021届北京市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BIn a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS(a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes, and potential confounders(干扰因素).Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome. For example, a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real-world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-prescribed drugs. With this proof-of-concept, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.4. What do we know about a drug used off-label?A. It is sold without a label.B. It is available at a low price.C. Its uses extend beyond the original ones.D. Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.5. Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them________.A. are used off-labelB. treat rare diseasesC. result in sleep issuesD. are medical breakthroughs6. What can be inferred about “confounders”?A. They are possible treatments.B. They are environmental factors.C. They can be easily recognized in real-world data.D. They should be taken into serious consideration.7. What is the main idea of the text?A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs.B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C. AI finds new drugs for common diseases.D. AI proves the power of drug research.CTeenagers from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers（同龄人）to do less well in schoolwork and to drop out of school. Studies have shown, however, that a positive attitude towards schoolwork and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriersand lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement （参与）comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how teenagers experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behavior that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a large one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Researchers asked 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their school work, and how they experienced their fathers' warmth. The students' maths and language arts grades were also gained. The research team took into account the influence that mothers have on their children’swell-being in their analyses.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism and higher achievement at school. “Low-income fathers affect their teenagers’ beliefs about themselves and their future, and these beliefs influence their achievement by increasing their determination to complete school tasks, “says Dr, Marie-Anne.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, although in different ways. Experiencing their fathers’ warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism, and thenspills overinto their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better maths grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers, love and boys' belief in their ability to succeed in academy.8. What is more likely to happen to teenagers from low-income families?A. They will be more determined to struggle.B. They will have fewer happy things to share.C. They will fail in their studies and quit school.D. They will receive less love from their parents.9. How is the new research different from the previous ones?A. It only researches families in the north of America.B. It only studies low-education families in the world.C. It combines questionnaire data and students, grades.D. It mainly focuses on the effects of fathers' involvement.10. What can we know about fathers' warmth?A. It is less effective than that of mothers.B. It affects girls and boys in different ways.C. It mainly applies to girls rather than boys.D. It has a more direct effect on girls thanon boys.11. Which of the following best explains "spills over" underlined in the last paragraph?A. Spreads.B. Changes.C. Bursts.D. Checks.DOne rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when ayoung woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to hismother. There were a couple of open seats, but they weren’t together. She wasflusteredand looked embarrassed.Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman’s mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I’ve been there”.Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we forge (前进) through life, focused onour own troubles and needs—which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: “Where am I holding back?One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, yes. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone’s uncomfortable—because we’re all in this together.12. The underlined word “flustered” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. angryB. anxiousC.scaredD. upset13. What does the woman mean by saying “ I’ve been there”in the third paragraph？A. The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.B. The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.C. The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.D. The woman took the exact seat that the boy was on just now.14. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.B. Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.C. The author’s friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.D. One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.15. The passage isintended to _______.A. show a harmonious world by telling some touching storiesB. praise those who are willing to help others in emergenciesC. appeal to readers to give timely help to those in needD. illustrate some ways of helping others in detail第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案

2021届上海市第十中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AProvincetown, Cape Cod RestaurantsAfter a day on the sands or exploring our charming town, enjoy local eats, from fresh seafood and lobster to authentic Italian. You’ll find many wonderful Provincetown, Cape Cod restaurants and cafes just steps away. Fanizzi’s RestaurantRight next door to our hotel, this award-winning local eatery is one of the finest Cape Cod restaurants. The menu highlights seafood, Italian, steaks, burgers, and fresh salads. Enjoy the Friday Fish Fry, Early Bird Specials, and Sunday Brunch, available from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. all year long.539 Commercial Street 508-487-1964Napi’s RestaurantNapi’s serves dinner all year round and lunch from April to October. A cozy place located just off Commercial Street and overflowing with local art, this Cape Cod, Massachusetts classic specializes in everything from freshly caught seafood to Portuguese and Brazilian dishes to vegetarian items.7 Freeman Street 800-571-6274Mews RestaurantEnjoy views of Provincetown Harbor at this waterfront restaurant just steps from Surfside Hotel & Suites. Intercontinental dishes are served in the beach-level dining room, while upstairs you’ll find a casual American bistro. Summer months bring on a brunch menu, and dinner is served year-round.429 Commercial Street 508-487-1500The Red InnA favorite among our guests, The Red Inn is located on Provincetown’s picturesque waterfront which provides diners with the most gorgeous harbor views and spectacular sunsets. The Red Inn provides historic old world charm with new world pleasure. Their menu features the finest local seafood.15 Commercial Street 508-487-73341.Which restaurant offers a special breakfast for early risers?A.Fanizzi’s Restaurant.B.Napi’s Restaurant.C.Mews Restaurant.D.The Red Inn.2.What is special about The Red Inn?A.It exhibits the good local art.B.It is the finest local restaurant.C.It offers the best local seafood.D.It serves brunch all year round.3.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Accommodation.B.Life styles.C.Sightseeing.D.Dining.BWe asked four people who watched an online talk on technology and communication by Sherry Turkle for their opinions.Fred:The talk certainly gave me plenty of food for thought about how technology is changing our behaviour. People are constantly multitasking, whether it be emailing during meetings or texting in the checkout queue. It’s as if we can’t bear to miss out on what our online friends are up to, so we juggle the real and online world. My greatest concern is that we don’t give our brains a chance to switch off. It’sthese precious momentswhen we actually process information that helps us make important decisions.Jeremy:It was a fascinating talk and the speaker really hit the nail on the head with a couple of things. Take parental influence, for instance. How can we expect teenagers not to text while doing their homework when they witness their parents posting on social media while cooking the evening meal or waiting at a red light?Kath:So much of what the speaker said rang true. I honestly believe there’s a danger that the more connected we are, the more isolated we feel. I don’t think this is such an issue for my generation who’ve lived without technology for so long. We know how to be alone. But the under 20s are another kettle of fish. They’re so busy communicating that they never experience the feeling of solitude and run the risk of not learning how to enjoy their own company.Carl:I’m not sure to what extent I agree that people are more alone, but the way we communicate has certainly evolved. The speaker makes a good point about how we’re getting used to talking with machines like Siri or robots, which are totally lack of experience of human life. But despite such limitations, we seem to be expecting more from technology and less from each other.4. What does the underlined phrase “these precious moments” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. When our brains are free.B. When we emailing during meeting.C. When we texting in the checkout queue.D. When we juggle the real and online world.5. What suggestion may Jeremy give to the parents?A. Accompany their children when they are doing homework.B. Prevent their children using phone while doing homework.C. Set a good example for their children on using phone properly.D. Stop posting on social media in face of their children.6. What does Kath worry about the under 20s generation?A. They communicate more with others.B. They use more technology.C. It’s difficult for them to find companies.D. They don’t know how to be alone.7. What is Carl’s attitude towards the use of technology in communication?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.CTo Rehan Staton, his childhood was a life of privilege — loving parents, a supportive big brother and a pleasant, private school education. Everything changed when his mother left the country and his father lost his job.He had to sleep with a heavy jacket on when it was cold. He was always hungry. He said he couldn't concentrate at school and would sleep during class. He went from straight. As to near the bottom of his class. A teacher told him he needed special education, which made him hate school.Staton spent his high school years as an excellent athlete, raining to become a professional boxer. He had won a lot of martial arts competitions.But a tragedy struck him in his senior year when Staton suffered serious tendonitis (肌腱炎), in both shoulders. He couldn’t lift either arm for months. His dream of becoming a professional player failed. He struggled to apply to colleges but was refused byall of them.Staton’s body slowly recovered from martial arts and he got a job as a rubbish collector. Many co-workers couldn't help but ask him a simple question, “What are you doing here? You’re smart. You are too young to be here. Go to college.” It was the first time someone outside his family had spoken highly of his intelligence. It was the co-workers thatem enedhim to return to school.Several co-workers put Staton in touch with a professor atBowieStateUniversity. The professor was impressed with their conversation and persuaded the admissions board to change its former decision.Going to college forced Staton’s older brother, Reggie, to drop out. They both knew someone had to be working full time along with their dad. It was a decision Reggie made on his own.After receiving a 4.0, Staton succeeded in becoming a student at theUniversityofMaryland. But he still had a long way to go to attend Harvard Law eventually...8. What finally changed Rehan Staton’s happy childhood?A. His brother’s losing the job.B. His serious health problem.C. His father’s sudden death.D. His mother’s leaving the country.9. What does the underlined word “em ened” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. Force.B. Direct.C. Encourage.D. Accompany.10. Why did Staton’s elder brother have to drop out of school?A. He wanted his brother to study further.B. His father asked him to leave school.C. He had lost interest in most lessons.D. He had to go out to find his mother.11. What will the writer mainly talk about next?A. What Rehan Staton planned to do after entering Harvard.B. How Rehan Staton managed to be admitted to Harvard.C. Why Rehan Staton decided to choose to go to Harvard.D. When Rehan Staton would be successful in Harvard Law.DIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to MakeAll the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”12. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to13. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully14. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.15. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年北京市第十中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案

2021年北京市第十中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMy wife Hilary andI were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!" An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. Thebear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew 1 would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards-the forest,before returning for another attack the first time I felt panic.Obviously satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1. How did the writer feel when faced with the brown bear?A. Fearful but confident.B. Nervous but brave.C. Upset but determined.D. Awful but hopeful.2. The bear finally went away after itA. got injuredB. felt safeC. found some foodD. took away the camera3. What does the author want to tell us?A. We should keep calm when troubles comeB. We should rise to the challenge when faced with difficulties.C. We should not risk ourselves in some dangerous areas.D. We should learn to take advantage of anything at hand when in trouble.BIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.4. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.5. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.6. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.7. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging TreeCKamikatsu, a small town in Japan, has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects, and not just on our environment.Theexperiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago. But almost immediately, the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it. It was too expensive to send waste to other towns, so locals had to come up with a new plan. Then the Zero Waste Academy was born, which helped perform this plan.Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories. But in the beginning, it wasn't easy to convince local people to do all this work, and there was somepushback. Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.This is all great news for waste reduction of course, but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well. Like much of Japan, Kamikatsu's population is aging, and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly. The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them, and a tableware "library" where people can borrow extra cups, glasses, silverware andplates for celebrations."The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service, but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat. When we visit them, they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while, we ask how they are," Sakano, the founder of the Zero Waste Academy, said.Sakano's ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it. She's proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.8. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?A. What harmful effects garbage burning has.B. Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan.C. How the idea of zero waste was put forward.D. What the Zero Waste Academy functions as.9. What does the underlined word "pushback" probably mean?A. Inactive response.B. Generous reward.C. Bitter suffering.D. Beneficial guidance.10. What is a bonus of the zero waste project?A. Reducing waste.B. Creating community.C. Increasing people's income.D. Developing a new technology.11. Which part of a newspaper is this text most likely from?A. Technology.B. Health.C. Workplace.D. Lifestyle.DWhen I was a child, I attained high grades in my academic study. However, I was physically uncoordinated because I was running too slowly. But for future college application, sport was a must. So I took up fencing (击剑) because I thought it required more strategy than athletic ability.Then I joined the school’s fencing team. My movements were clumsy compared to the seniors. One afternoon after a whole lesson’s failure, tears of frustration welled up in my eyes. One of my teammates approached me, “Could you tell me where your blade (剑) hit me?” She asked. I pointed to her right shoulder. She nodded and patted my stomach, “That’s where I hit you.” She had begun to walk away when I blurted out, “Want to practice together? Again?”We practiced until we both felt more confident. But it wasn’t just the two of us. All these girls were entirely willing to share their knowledge with everyone, helping each other to grow.That afternoon, I watched a senior fencer execute a flawless attack admiringly. Something inside me suddenly bloomed. I realized later that it was love for both fencing and the fencing team.During the city championship, I was selected to fence. My opponent was the best fencer on her school’s team. “Ready, fence.” The match began. Suddenly, my opponent’s blade hit me. The score was 1-0.At the moment I could hear my teammates shouting, “Keep distance!” And the team captain’s voice was clear and commanding, “Parry, then disengage!”Fencing, unlike academics, wasn’t something I could succeed in by myself—even during an individual match, my teammates were still giving me advice. Unathletic as I was, I was proud to be an athlete and a teammate.I saw my blade tip bury itself into my opponent’s shoulder and the judge signaling that it was my point. I could taste the sweat on my lips, which were breaking out into a smile.12. Why did the author start to learn fencing?A. Because she needed to train her coordination.B. Because she thought it would be easier for her.C. Because she could not succeed in any other sport.D. Because she wanted to enter the school fencing team.13. How did the girls improve their fencing skills?A. By observing flawless attacks.B. By practicing on their own.C. By offering guidance to each other.D. By competing with other teams.14. What distinguishes fencing from academics according to the author?A. Strong determination.B. Hard work.C. Athletic strategy.D. Team support.15. How did the author feel when she got her point?A. Unbeatable and respectful.B. Sweaty and ashamed.C. Energetic and secure.D. Proud and thankful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023届高三10月一轮复习诊断考试语文答案

自然消失”理解错误。由第五段可知,科技发展与传统价值观念体系间的冲突总会随着情势的变化,“在某种
共识之上”,“实现一定程度的缓冲”,而不是“逐步走向自然消失”。D 项,“只要 …… 就”的说法过于绝对,且
文章主要阐述了现代科技的一些发展与传统伦理有冲突,并没有提及更新价值观念后能否解决冲突。
然”为“已然”。“再也不用为食物问题而忧心”,表示绝对,夸大作用。原文为“不必再担心食物不足的问题”。
6.【答案】① 为人类生存提供必需的营养物质,为服务国家“双碳”战略和粮食安全作出了积极贡献。 ② 减少大
气中的二氧化碳含量,减缓温室效应。 ③ 有望推进工业原料从化石原料向糖脂原料的转移,形成清洁循环可
再生的工业体系,推动生物经济的快速到来。 ④ 帮助人类迈向新的高度,给未来的宇宙开拓带来极大便利。
⑤ 有利于弘扬甘坐冷板凳、百折不挠的科学研究精神。(每点 2 分,答出任意三点给满分。)
【解析】本题考查分析概括文章内容的能力。首先,根据材料三“使用二氧化碳合成淀粉,可以减少大气中二
4.
C 【解析】本题考查理解分析文章内容的能力。C 项内容涉及材料二。C 项,突破 “目前化学路线的努力还
不足以满足后续路径对能量的需要的难关”错,根据原文“目前生物路线的努力还不足以满足后续路径对能
量的需要,化学催化成为重要选择”,
理的变化,没有推进情节的发展。
8.【答案】这部分内容不能删去。 ① 它推动了情节的发展。冯司长带走革命同志的女儿,才有了下文把哪个孩