大学英语四级阅读(带翻译)训练

大学英语四级阅读（带翻译）训练Passage 1Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.A) an academic aspect B) a military aspectC) a business aspect D) an international aspect2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect sample of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans4、”Defied”in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________”A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to5、This passage is mainly about_________________A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cableB) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage 1 (The original text translating )海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。

对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。

人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。

工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。

（２）由于美国海军的莫里（Maury），大西洋电报公司才在１８５３年得到了这方面的信息。

１９世纪４０年代，（３）莫里负责推动进行测探工作的海上航行，以此来调查北大西洋与太平洋的深度。

此后，他出了一本叫做《海洋的自然地貌》的书，在这本书里他提到的一些发现激起了人们很大的兴趣。

人们铺设了电缆，但直到１８６６年，才有了固定而且可靠的连接。

在早期的努力中，电缆坏了，而当它被拉出来维修时，人们发现其表面覆盖着（４）活的生物。

这一事实挑战了当时的一种科学观点，即海洋较深层是不存在生命的。

海洋学在此后几年内发展起来。

１８７２年，汤姆森（Thomson），带头进行了一项科学考察，历时４年，从海洋带回了数以千计的标本。

科学家们花了数年时间将它们分类并进行分析，写出了一个长达五卷的报告，其中最后一卷于１８９５年出版。

１、从欧洲到美洲铺设电报缆线的提议使得海洋学研究是从_______出发的Ａ）学术角度Ｂ）军事角度Ｃ）商业角度Ｄ）国际角度２、向莫里要求得到海洋学研究方面帮助的是____________Ａ）美国海军Ｂ）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家Ｃ）依靠海洋维持生计的人Ｄ）提议铺设一条海底电缆的公司３、１９世纪４０年代，莫里负责的海上航行的目的是要____________Ａ）在海上进行测探实验Ｂ）收集海洋动植物的标本Ｃ）估测所需电缆的长度Ｄ）测量两个海洋的深度４、第五段的“field ”一词可能的意思是___________Ａ）置疑Ｂ）证明Ｃ）挑战Ｄ）同意５、这一段文章主要是关于____________Ａ）海洋学的起步Ｂ）第一条海底电缆的铺设Ｃ）对海洋深度的研究Ｄ）早期的洲际交流Passage 2Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each coursewhich he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree, In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student. Would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For very course that the follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work , but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating his to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.6、Normally a student would at least attend ______________classes each week.A）36 B）12 C）20 D）157、According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed__________A）to live in a different universityB）to take a particular course in a different universityC）to live a home and drive to classesD）to get two degrees from two different universities8、America university students are usually under pressure of work because__________A）their academic performance will affect their future careersB）they are heavily involved in student affairsC）they have to observe university disciplineD）they want to run for positions of authority9、Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because______ A）they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB）they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC）such positions help them get better jobsD）such positions are usually well paid10、The student organizations seem to be effective in ___________A）dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB）ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC）evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD）keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage 2通常，一名学生必须参加一定数量的课程学习才可以毕业，他上的每一门课都会得到学分，这些学分累加起来，才能拿到学位。