USTR2018年8月7日公布160亿美元关税清单
中国对美国 亿美元关税清单 日 分实施
商品描述(原6月16日版)未制成型的无烟煤
未制成型的无烟煤
未制成型的无烟煤
未制成型的无烟煤
未制成型的无烟煤
泥煤
焦炭及半焦炭
煤气、水炉及类似体
煤焦油及其他矿物焦油
250℃馏出芳烃≥65%的其他芳烃混合物
其他蒸馏煤焦油等所得芳族成分为主的产品
焦油制沥青
焦油制沥青焦
橡胶溶剂油、漆抽提
其他燃料油
其他重油及制品
含有生物柴油的成品及以其为基本分制的制品
关税本表清单来自2018年8月8日关税委发布的对美加征关税商品删除了原清单的36个商品编码,新增了255个商品编码
/zhengwuxinxi/zhengcefabu/201808/t201808
税商品清单二(最终实施版)
商品编码
cefabu/201808/t20180808_2983770.html。
20180803对美加征关税清单
117 29182300 水杨酸其他酯及其盐
118 29202300 亚磷酸三甲酯
119
29202990
其他亚磷酸酯及其盐以及它们的卤化、 磺化、硝化或亚硝化衍生物
120 29211200 2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)氯乙烷盐酸盐 121 29212110 乙二胺 122 29212290 六亚甲基二胺及其他盐
164 30051090 其他胶粘敷料及有胶粘涂层的物品(经药物浸涂或制定零售包装供医 疗、外科、牙科或兽医用)
165 30059010 药棉、纱布、绷带(经药物浸涂或制定零售包装供医疗、外科、牙科 或兽医用)
166 30059090 其他医用软填料及类似物品(经药物浸涂或制定零售包装供医疗、外 科、牙科或兽医用)
105 29142910 樟脑 106 29146200 辅酶 Q10
107
29147900
其他酮及醌的卤化、磺化、硝化、或亚 硝化的衍生物
108 29153900 其他乙酸酯
109 29155010 丙酸 110 29156000 丁酸、戊酸及其盐和酯 111 29161230 丙烯酸丁酯 112 29163910 邻甲基苯甲酸 113 29171190 其他草酸盐和酯 114 29171390 壬二酸及其盐和酯 115 29173690 对苯二甲酸盐 116 29182210 邻乙酰水杨酸(阿斯匹林)
63 28469091 镧的其他化合物
64 28469092 钕的其他化合物
65 28499020 碳化钨, 不论是否已有化学定义,
66 28500012 氮化硼
67
28500090
氢化物、迭氮化物、硅化物及硼化物, 不论是否已有化学定义,但可
归入税号 28.49 的碳化物除外:
造纸:关税推涨纸价龙头从中受益
行业·公司|行业研究Industry·Company8月8日,商务部公告决定对160亿美元自美进口产品加征25%关税,自2018年8月23日12时01分起实施。
此次对美加征关税商品清单较6月发布的草案相比有所调整,调整后的加征关税商品自114项增加至333项,其中自美进口废纸的所有类目均在最终加税商品清单内。
成本端的上升将推动纸价进一步上涨,而那些木浆自给率高的企业,例如晨鸣纸业、太阳纸业,成本端上升的幅度小于销售端价格的上涨幅度,反而能从中受益。
成本推动销售端不断涨价我国当前约有35%的废纸消费量需要从国外进口,其中,从美国的进口比例约占45%,关税为0,即从美国进口的废纸约占我国废纸消费总量的15%。
根据纸业联讯给的美国进口废纸11#的230美元/吨的到岸价格数据,按照25%的关税征收,则加税后到岸价格变为287美元/吨,每吨成本上升57美元,折合成人民币约400元。
假设我国造纸企业的原材料中,使用美国进口废纸的比例为15%(平均),则造纸企业每吨成本增加约75元。
对于拥有外废配额的纸企而言,此次美国进口废纸征收25%的关税无疑将直接推高其进口成本。
另外,美国进口废纸成本上升,势必会推动纸企向其它废纸出口国进口更多废纸,从而推动这部分进口废纸也出现价格上涨。
还有一个不容忽视的因素是人民币兑美元的汇率快速下降,这将使进口成本快速增加。
因此,加征关税产生的成本上升效应很可能是全面的。
造纸的原材料由木浆和废纸组成,当进口废纸成本上升的时候,纸企能否通过增加国内废纸使用量或木浆使用量来平抑成本呢?结论是不能。
本轮造纸景气度提升,始于2016年下半年,一直到2017年上半年,原材料充足,供给侧改革和环保推动淘汰落后产能。
产能收缩为行业景气的最大动力:产能收缩→供小于求→纸价上涨→单位盈利提升,如此良性传导。
由于环保政策高压,新增产能管控严格,行业景气得以延续。
从2017年下半年至今,环保持续限制新增产能投放,但同时也限制进口废纸的数量,行业供需状态则开始偏紧。
2018年中美贸易战的来龙去脉及其应对
2018年中美贸易战的来龙去脉及其应对作者:肖三李茜来源:《经济研究导刊》2018年第36期摘要:美国总统特朗普上任不久,就对中国挥舞贸易战的大棒,妄图不战而屈人之兵。
中国政府面对美国单边主义的挑战不甘屈服,奋起维护自身合法权益。
自2018年3—7月,特朗普政府酝酿的对华贸易战在无法讨得便宜的情况下终于变成现实,而且在逐步升级。
美国发动对华贸易战的背后,其实隐藏着对中国的遏制和敌视。
我国只有在做好自己的同时,充分利用一切力量,坚持有理有利有节的斗争,才能降低贸易战带来的消极影响。
关键词:中美贸易战;原因;影响;应对中图分类号:F740 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-291X(2018)36-0152-02美国总统特朗普上任不久,就对中国挥舞贸易战的大棒,妄图不战而屈人之兵。
中国政府面对美国单边主义的挑战不甘屈服,奋起维护自身合法权益。
自2018年3—7月,特朗普政府酝酿的对华贸易战在无法讨得便宜的情况下终于变成现实。
美国发动对华贸易战的背后,其实隐藏着对中国崛起的敌视、恐惧和疯狂遏制。
我们只有在做好自己的同时,充分利用一切力量,坚持有理有利有节的斗争,才能尽量降低这场贸易战带来的消极影响,维护好自身的合法权益。
一、起因2018年3月初,美国总统特朗普签署了一项法令,除了墨西哥和加拿大被暂时豁免外,对来自所有国家的钢铁和铝制品都征收进口关税。
随后,美国也透露出更多的消息,称“豁免的不仅是加拿大和墨西哥,其他的盟友国家都可能得到豁免权”,但中国等少数几个国家不会在豁免名单之列。
2018年3月23日,美国总统特朗普在白宫正式签署了备忘录,宣布依据美国贸易代表莱特希泽自去年开展的“301调查”结果,将对从中国进口的1 300种商品大规模征收关税,税率为25%左右,并限制中国企业对美投资并购,涉及征税的中国商品规模可达600亿美元,这是美国继3月初提升钢铝关税之后实施的又一次大规模单边贸易保护行为。
301条款对中美电子信息产业供应链的影响
301条款对中美电子信息产业供应链的影响林艾鑫发布时间:2021-11-28T10:57:27.060Z 来源:《时代建筑》2021年7月上作者:林艾鑫[导读] 2018 年,美国将对 160 亿美元进口自中国的商品征收 25%的关税。
林艾鑫 445201198902****98摘要:2018 年,美国将对 160 亿美元进口自中国的商品征收 25%的关税。
2018 年 8 月 2 日,美方又宣布要把对中国2000 亿美元输美产品的征税税率由 10%提高到 25%。
美国步步紧逼,中方不得不反击。
8 月 3 日,中方决定,将依法对自美进口的约 600 亿美元产品按照四档不同税率加征关税。
美国对于关税的调整就是依据301条款进行制定和修改的,301条款影响了中美电子信息产业供应链的安全,破坏了中美电子信息产业供应发展的基础。
关键词:301条款;中美电子信息产业;供应链一、301条款相关概述1.301条款划分美国“301条款”有狭义和广义之分,狭义的“301条款”仅指1974年修订的贸易法第301条,可称之为“一般301条款。
广义的“301条款”是指《1988年综合贸易与竞争法》第1301-1310节的内容,包含“一般301条款”(关于不公平措施)、“特别301条款”(关于知识产权)、“超级301条款” (关于贸易自由化)和具体配套措施,以及“306条款监督制度”。
在这个意义上,美国“301条款”又称其为301条款制度。
一般301条款是美国贸易制裁措施的概括性表述,而“超级301条款”、“特别301条款”、配套条款等是针对贸易具体领域做出的具体规定,构成了美国“301条款”法律制度的主要内容和适用体系。
具体说就是:“特别301条款”是针对知识产权保护和知识产权市场准入等方面的规定;“超级301条款”是针对外国贸易障碍和扩大美国对外贸易的规定;配套措施主要是针对电信贸易中市场障碍的“电信301条款”及针对外国政府机构对外采购中的歧视性和不公正做法的“外国政府采购办法”,而且其范围有逐渐扩大的趋势。
美国挑起中美贸易战,其背后的战略意图是什么
背后的战略意图
• (三)转移矛盾,稳定国内,保住选票
自1980年经济全球化快速发展以来, 美国 社会出现两极分化现象, 收入差距明显扩大。 中低收入家庭普遍认为,经济全球化使得富 裕家庭受益,但自身利益却受损。2016年总 统大选中,平民阶层对精英阶层的不满、怨 恨、抵触情绪彻底爆发。平民阶层抛弃代表 精英阶层的希拉里,选择代表平民阶层的特 朗普。
背后的战略意图
• 特朗普在其总统就职演说中,强调要 重振美国,明确提出“美国优先,“买美 国货,雇美国人”等民粹主义观点。 • 在这种情况下,特朗普以“make america great again”、“再工业化”等口号缓 和国内矛盾,在树立起中国侵占美国利益 的靶子来进行攻击,博得国内民众的支持 。
中美贸易战回顾
• 4月4日,基于301报告的结论,美国贸易代 表办公室(USTR)公布了将于7月6日开始 加征25%关税的1333种、总值500亿美元的 中国商品清单。当天,中国迅速做出反应 ,宣布对106种、总值500亿美元的美国商 品加增25%的关税。
• 7月6日,美国公布对中国第一批340亿美元 商品加征25%进口关税清单,中国随即对 同等规模的美国产品加征25%的进口关税 。
中美贸易战回顾
• 7月11日美国政府宣布对从中国进口的约 2000亿美元商品加征10%关税,9月18日, 美方宣布自9月24日起对从中国进口的约 2000亿美元商品加征10%关税,2019年1 月1日起加征关税税率提高到25%。
• 同日,经国务院批准,国务院关税税则委 员会决定对约600亿美元商品,加征10%或 5%的关税,同步实施。如果美方执意进一 步提高加征关税税率,中方将给予相应回 应。
三是中国积极参与全球治理。2008年后, 中国积极与国际社会合作,提出共建“一带 一路”和构建人类命运共体。随着中国国际 影响力不断增强,对美国的国际领导地位形 成现实挑战。
中美贸易摩擦涉及的商品清单铂略财税
首批500亿美元清单一览2018 年7月6日起生340亿美元项目分布机械设备、光学仪器及部件、电气设备、专用车辆及部件、运输设备及部件、航天器及部件、船舶、轮胎、同位素340亿美元项目分布水产、水果干果、畜禽肉、鲜蔬菜、动物制成品、汽车及零部件、大宗农产品、乳酪奶油、干豆类、坚果、干蔬菜、烟草卷烟、块茎作物、橙汁、酒类、猫食狗粮160亿美元项目分布机械设备、电气设备、光学仪器及部件、专用车辆及部件、运输设备及部件、航天器及部件、船舶、轮胎、同位素*数据来源:平安证券,德勤研究,铂略研究从上很中产品并没有互端。
对进出口的主力产品进行制裁,因此也可看出中美两国的经济实际是互2500亿美元商品的结构性分布与特点加征关税的2500亿美元美自华进口商品中,通信、电子、机械设备、汽车、家具等劳动密集产品为突出征税领域。
*数据来源:USCB平安证券,德勤研究,铂略研究上图下方,可看到美国对中国的征税清单,商品分部主要还是集产品工掌握核等竞争,因这可能工是美国提出制裁这些产品的出发点。
OIAXMH h林水昭林L蹄Q制胡44IM焙册亀外o UM) 2D0 300 400 500 6DD TOO美国“ 301条款”下的3批征收关税清单前文已经提到“ 301条款主要针对是对外国政府开展调查,不是纯粹的政治措施,是1974年贸易法的具体条款,有具体实施的程序与标准。
生效日期税率20125年7月6日首次发布图期至美Of布的。
日月34日期美,较重要的条款有:(, "[部件、材料只能从中国进口,,无法费者日期:)列入加征关税豁免清单中,则大概率无法豁免。
8月23从上图中可看岀,每批加征关税清单发布后起都会设置豁免申请的期限,一旦豁征关税措施实施之日至豁免申请成功之日,这期间企业缴纳加征的关税会悉数章:征关税清单豁免程序还未宣布,一旦宣布之后也可以在具体的豁免申请期进行申请。
豁免申请截止日期:豁免申请截止日期:豁免程序的布关税清单,7月2248日^ 7月6日生效,美国企业可以在2018年8 一…—一政府提岀豁免申请。
江南皮革厂倒闭真相
江南皮革厂倒闭真相2006年3月3日,浙江温州,制鞋工人在整理未完成的皮鞋。
温州是中国主要的造鞋基地之一。
神曲爆火的同时,却因其有诋毁温州商人的嫌疑,招致众多温州商人的不满一场美国内部的贸易听证会从82位企业界的发言,认为对中国商品加征关税必然会对美国经济发展造成影响这个世界上,可能除了白宫,没有人相信贸易战会有赢家。
近日,美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)正式公布160亿美元自中国进口商品的关税清单,这些商品在8月23日起将被征收25%的关税。
中国商务部新闻发言人指出,美国此举又一次将国内法凌驾于国际法之上,是十分无理的做法。
中方为维护自身正当权益和多边贸易体制,不得不做出必要反制,公布了同等规模的关税清单,同样将征收节点设在8月23日。
其实,美国的“无理”也受到众多美国企业的抱怨,7月24至25日的那场听证会可见一斑。
这场听证会不允许录音和拍照,美国媒体对此报道寥寥。
但美国贸易代表办公室会后公布了听证会的文字实录,从冗长的600页英文报告中,我们可以看到美国发动贸易战的虚与实。
在一天半的时间里,美国301审查委员会广泛听取了82位各行业协会会长、企业创始人、CEO等的发言,征求对160亿美元商品加征关税清单的意见。
结果,76人反对,只有6人赞同,有些企业代表担心加征关税威胁到自家企业发展,还有失业风险,发言近乎恳求。
但大多数人的反对并没有改变结果。
只是为了体现听证会的“民意”,美国政府将征税商品项数从284项减少到了279项。
从82位企业界的发言实录看,对中国商品加征关税必然会对美国经济发展造成影响,这已是共识。
“关税清单将成为钉进棺材里的钉子”美国汽车和零部件制造商协会(MEMA)说,MEMA的中国供应商提供了制造业领域最多的工作岗位,直接影响50个州的超过87.1万个工作岗位。
301条款中相关内容,将使企业的生产成本“不成比例”地提高,为企业带来巨大损失,甚至使中小企业直接破产。
全球最大的便携式太阳能设备制造商Goal Zero直言,无法在美国找到合适的原材料供应商,因为一些定制化的配件只有中国一些小企业愿意对原材料进行深加工。
美国18年7月7日起对340亿美元货物加增关税清单
List 1HTSUS Subheading Product Description2845.90.00 Isotopes not in heading 2844 and their compounds other than heavy water 4011.30.00 New pneumatic tires, of rubber, of a kind used on aircraft4012.13.00 Retreaded pneumatic tires, of rubber, of a kind used on aircraft8401.10.00 Nuclear reactors8401.20.00 Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof8401.30.00 Fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated and parts thereof8401.40.00 Parts of nuclear reactors8402.11.00 Watertube boilers with a steam production exceeding 45 tons per hour8402.12.00 Watertube boilers with a steam production not exceeding 45 tons per hour 8402.19.00 Vapor-generating boilers, including hybrid boilers, other than watertube boilers 8402.20.00 Super-heated water boilers8402.90.00 Parts of steam- or other vapor-generating boilers8404.20.00 Condensers for steam or other vapor power units8404.90.00 Parts for auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading 8402 and 8403 and condensers for steam or vapor power units8405.10.00 Producer gas or water gas generators, acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generators; with or without their purifiers8405.90.00 Parts for gas generators of subheading 8405.108406.10.10 Steam turbines for marine propulsion8406.10.90 Vapor turbines (other than steam) for marine propulsion8406.81.90 Vapor turbines (excluding steam turbines) other than for marine propulsion, of an output exceeding 40 MW8406.82.90 Vapor turbines (excluding steam turbines) other than for marine propulsion, of an output not exceeding 40 MW8407.10.00 Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines for use in aircraft8407.21.00 Marine propulsion spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal-combustion piston engines for outboard motors8407.29.00 Marine propulsion spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal-combustion piston engines, nesoi8408.10.00 Marine propulsion compression-ignition internal-combustion piston engines 8408.90.10 Compression-ignition internal-combustion piston engines, to be installed inagricultural or horticultural machinery or equipment, nesoi8408.90.90 Compression-ignition internal-combustion piston engines, for machinery orequipment, nesoi8409.10.00 Parts for internal combustion aircraft engines8410.11.00 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power not exceeding 1,000 kW8410.12.00 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power exceeding 1,000 kW but notexceeding 10,000 kW8410.13.00 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power exceeding 10,000 kW8410.90.00 Parts, including regulators, of hydraulic turbines and water wheelsSubheading8411.11.40 Aircraft turbojets of a thrust not exceeding 25 kN8411.11.80 Turbojets of a thrust not exceeding 25 kN, other than aircraft8411.12.40 Aircraft turbojets of a thrust exceeding 25 kN8411.12.80 Turbojets of a thrust exceeding 25 kN, other than aircraft8411.21.40 Aircraft turbopropellers of a power not exceeding 1,100 kW8411.21.80 Turbopropellers of a power not exceeding 1,100 kW, other than aircraft8411.22.40 Aircraft turbopropellers of a power exceeding 1,100 kW8411.22.80 Turbopropellers of a power exceeding 1,100 kW, other than aircraft8411.81.40 Aircraft gas turbines other than turbojets or turbopropellers, of a power notexceeding 5,000 kW8411.81.80 Gas turbines other than turbojets or turbopropellers, of a power not exceeding 5,000 kW, other than aircraft8411.82.40 Aircraft gas turbines other than turbojets or turbopropellers, of a power exceeding 5,000 kW8411.82.80 Gas turbines, other than turbojets or turbopropellers of a power exceeding 5,000 kW, other than aircraft8411.91.10 Cast-iron parts of turbojets or turbopropellers machined only for removal of fins, gates, etc. or to permit location in machinery8411.91.90 Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers other than those of subheading 8411.91.10 8411.99.10 Cast-iron parts of gas turbines nesoi, not advanced beyond cleaning, and machined for removal of fins, gates, sprues and risers8411.99.90 Parts of gas turbines nesoi, other than those of subheading 8411.99.108412.10.00 Reaction engines other than turbojets8412.21.00 Hydraulic power engines and motors, linear acting (cylinders)8412.29.40 Hydrojet engines for marine propulsion8412.29.80 Hydraulic power engines and motors, nesoi8412.31.00 Pneumatic power engines and motors, linear acting (cylinders)8412.39.00 Pneumatic power engines and motors, other than linear acting8412.80.10 Spring-operated and weight-operated motors8412.80.90 Engines and motors, nesoi (excluding motors of heading 8501)8412.90.10 Parts of hydrojet engines for marine propulsion8413.19.00 Pumps for liquids fitted or designed to be fitted with a measuring device, nesoi 8413.40.00 Concrete pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device8413.50.00 Reciprocating positive displacement pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device, nesoi8413.60.00 Rotary positive displacement pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device, nesoi8413.70.10 Stock pumps imported for use with machines for making cellulosic pulp, paper or paperboard, not fitted with a measuring device8413.70.20 Centrifugal pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device, nesoi8413.81.00 Pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device, nesoi8413.82.00 Liquid elevators8413.91.10 Parts of fuel-injection pumps for compression-ignition enginesSubheading8413.91.20 Parts of stock pumps imported for use with machines for making cellulosic pulp, paper or paperboard8413.91.90 Parts of pumps, nesoi8414.30.40 Compressors of a kind used in refrigerating equipment (including air conditioning) not exceeding 1/4 horsepower8414.30.80 Compressors of a kind used in refrigerating equipment (incl. air conditioning)exceeding 1/4 horsepower8414.59.30 Turbocharger and supercharger fans8414.80.05 Turbocharger and supercharger air compressors8414.80.20 Gas compressors, nesoi8414.90.30 Stators and rotors of goods of subheading 8414.308414.90.41 Parts of air or gas compressors, nesoi8414.90.90 Parts of air or vacuum pumps and ventilating or recycling hoods8416.90.00 Parts for furnace burners, mechanical stokers, mechanical grates, mechanical ash dischargers and similar appliances8417.10.00 Furnaces and ovens for the roasting, melting or other heat treatment of ores, pyrites or of metals8417.80.00 Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens nesoi, including incinerators, nonelectric 8417.90.00 Parts for industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators,nonelectric8418.69.01 Refrigerating or freezing equipment nesoi8419.11.00 Instantaneous gas water heaters, nonelectric8419.19.00 Storage water heaters, nonelectric8419.31.00 Dryers for agricultural products, not used for domestic purposes8419.32.10 Dryers for wood8419.32.50 Dryers for paper pulp, paper or paperboard8419.39.01 Dryers, other than of a kind for domestic purposes, nesoi8419.40.00 Distilling or rectifying plant, not used for domestic purposes8419.50.10 Brazed aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers8419.50.50 Heat exchange units, nesoi8419.60.50 Machinery for liquefying air or gas, nesoi8419.89.60 Industrial machinery, plant or equip. for the treat. of mat., involving a change intemp., for molten-salt-cooled acrylic acid reactors8419.90.10 Parts of instantaneous or storage water heaters8419.90.20 Parts of machinery and plant, for making paper pulp, paper or paperboard8419.90.30 Parts of heat exchange units8419.90.50 Parts of molten-salt-cooled acrylic acid reactors, nesoi; parts of certain medical,surgical or laboratory sterilizers, nesoi8419.90.85 Parts of electromechanical tools for work in the hand, w/self-contained electricmotor, for treatment of materials by change in temperature8419.90.95 Parts of machinery, plant or laboratory equipment for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature, nesoiSubheading8420.10.90 Calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, nesoi 8420.91.10 Cylinders for textile calendering or rolling machines8420.91.20 Cylinders for paper pulp, paper or paperboard calendering or rolling machines 8420.91.90 Cylinders for calendering and similar rolling machines, nesoi8420.99.20 Parts of calendering or rolling machines for making paper pulp, paper or paperboard 8420.99.90 Parts of calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, nesoi 8421.19.00 Centrifuges, other than cream separators or clothes dryers8421.21.00 Machinery and apparatus for filtering or purifying water8421.22.00 Machinery and apparatus for filtering or purifying beverages other than water 8421.29.00 Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids, nesoi8421.39.40 Catalytic converters8421.39.80 Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases, other than intake air filters for internal combustion engines or catalytic conv.8421.91.60 Parts of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers, nesoi8421.99.00 Parts for filtering or purifying machinery or apparatus for liquids or gases8422.19.00 Dishwashing machines other than of the household type8422.20.00 Machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers8422.30.11 Can-sealing machines8422.30.91 Machinery for filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labeling bottles, cans, boxes or other containers; machinery for aerating beverages; nesoi8422.40.11 Machinery for packing or wrapping pipe tobacco, candy and cigarette packages;combination candy cutting and wrapping machines8422.40.91 Packing or wrapping machinery, nesoi8422.90.06 Parts of dishwashing machines, nesoi8422.90.91 Parts of packing or wrapping machinery, nesoi8423.20.10 Scales for continuous weighing of goods on conveyors using electronic means for gauging weights8423.20.90 Other scales for continuous weighing of goods on conveyors8423.30.00 Constant weight scales and scales for discharging a predetermined weight of material into a bag or container, including hopper scales8423.82.00 Weighing machinery having a maximum weighing capacity exceeding 30 kg but not exceeding 5,000 kg8423.89.10 Weighing machinery with maximum capacity exceeding 5,000 kg, using electronic means for gauging8423.89.90 Weighing machinery with maximum capacity exceeding 5,000 kg, not using electronic means for gauging nesoi8423.90.10 Parts of weighing machinery using electronic means for gauging, except parts for weighing motor vehicles8423.90.90 Other parts of weighing machinery, including weights8424.89.10 Mechanical appliances for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders, used for making printed circuits or printed circuit assemblies8424.90.20 Parts of sand blasting machinesSubheading8425.11.00 Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists or hoists used for raising vehicles, powered by electric motor8425.39.01 Winches nesoi, and capstans, not powered by electric motor8426.41.00 Derricks, cranes and other lifting machinery nesoi, self-propelled, on tires8426.49.00 Derricks, cranes and other lifting machinery nesoi, self-propelled, not on tires 8426.99.00 Derricks, cranes and other lifting machinery nesoi8427.10.40 Self-propelled works trucks powered by an electric motor, rider type forklift trucks 8427.10.80 Self-propelled works trucks powered by an electric motor, fitted with lifting andhandling equipment, nesoi8427.20.40 Self-propelled works trucks not powered by an electric motor, rider type forklift trucks 8427.20.80 Self-propelled works trucks not powered by an electric motor, fitted with lifting and handling equipment, nesoi8428.20.00 Pneumatic elevators and conveyors8428.31.00 Continuous-action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials, specially designed for underground use8428.32.00 Bucket type continuous-action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials 8428.33.00 Belt type continuous-action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials 8428.39.00 Continuous-action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials, nesoi8428.90.02 Machinery for lifting, handling, loading or unloading, nesoi8429.11.00 Self-propelled bulldozers and angledozers, for track laying8429.19.00 Self-propelled bulldozers and angledozers other than track laying8429.20.00 Self-propelled graders and levelers8429.30.00 Self-propelled scrapers8429.40.00 Self-propelled tamping machines and road rollers8429.51.10 Self-propelled front-end shovel loaders, wheel-type8429.51.50 Self-propelled front-end shovel loaders, other than wheel-type8429.52.10 Self-propelled backhoes, shovels, clamshells and draglines with a 360 degree revolving superstructure8429.52.50 Self-propelled machinery with a 360 degree revolving superstructure, other than backhoes, shovels, clamshells and draglines8429.59.10 Self-propelled backhoes, shovels, clamshells and draglines not with a 360 degree revolving superstructure8429.59.50 Self-propelled machinery not with a 360 degree revolving superstructure, other than backhoes, shovels, clamshells and draglines8430.10.00 Pile-drivers and pile-extractors8430.31.00 Self-propelled coal or rock cutters and tunneling machinery8430.39.00 Coal or rock cutters and tunneling machinery, not self-propelled8430.41.00 Self-propelled boring or sinking machinery8430.49.80 Boring or sinking machinery, not self-propelled, nesoi8430.50.50 Self-propelled machinery for working earth, minerals or ores, nesoi8430.61.00 Tamping or compacting machinery, not self-propelled8430.69.01 Machinery for working earth, minerals or ores, not self-propelled, nesoi8431.10.00 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8425Subheading8431.20.00 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8427 8431.31.00 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with passenger or freight elevators other than continuous action, skip hoists or escalators8431.39.00 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8428, nesoi 8431.41.00 Buckets, shovels, grabs and grips suitable for use solely or principally with themachinery of headings 8426, 8429, or 84308431.42.00 Bulldozer or angledozer blades suitable for use solely or principally with themachinery of heading 8426, 8429 or 84308431.43.40 Parts for offshore oil & natural gas, drilling and production platforms8431.43.80 Parts for boring or sinking machinery of 8430.41 or 8430.49, nesoi8431.49.10 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8426, nesoi 8431.49.90 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8429 or 8430, nesoi8432.10.00 Plows for soil preparation or cultivation8432.21.00 Disc harrows for soil preparation or cultivation8432.80.00 Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation or cultivation, nesoi; lawn or sports ground rollers8432.90.00 Parts of agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation orcultivation; parts of lawn or sports ground rollers8433.20.00 Mowers nesoi, including cutter bars for tractor mounting8433.30.00 Haymaking machinery other than mowers8433.40.00 Straw or fodder balers, including pick-up balers8433.51.00 Combine harvester-threshers8433.52.00 Threshing machinery other than combine harvester-threshers8433.53.00 Root or tuber harvesting machines8433.59.00 Harvesting machinery or threshing machinery, nesoi8433.60.00 Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit or other agricultural produce 8433.90.50 Parts for machinery of heading 8433, nesoi8434.20.00 Dairy machinery other than milking machines8434.90.00 Parts for milking machines and dairy machinery8436.10.00 Machinery for preparing animal feeds8436.21.00 Poultry incubators and brooders8436.29.00 Poultry-keeping machinery8436.80.00 Agricultural, horticultural, forestry or bee-keeping machinery, nesoi8436.91.00 Parts of poultry-keeping machinery or poultry incubators and brooders8436.99.00 Parts for agricultural, horticultural, forestry or bee-keeping machinery, nesoi 8437.10.00 Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables 8437.80.00 Machinery used in the milling industry or for the working of cereals or driedleguminous vegetables, other than farm type machinery8437.90.00 Parts for machinery used in the milling industry or for cleaning, sorting, grading or working of cereals or dried leguminous vegetables8438.50.00 Machinery for the preparation of meat or poultry, nesoi8438.60.00 Machinery for the preparation of fruits, nuts or vegetables, nesoiSubheading8438.80.00 Machinery for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink, nesoi 8438.90.90 Parts of machinery for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink, other than sugar manufacturing, nesoi8439.10.00 Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material8439.20.00 Machinery for making paper or paperboard8439.30.00 Machinery for finishing paper or paperboard8439.91.10 Bed plates, roll bars and other stock-treating parts of machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials8439.91.90 Parts of machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials, nesoi8439.99.10 Parts of machinery for making paper or paperboard8439.99.50 Parts of machinery for finishing paper or paperboard8441.20.00 Machines for making bags, sacks or envelopes of paper pulp, paper or paperboard 8441.30.00 Machines for making cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums or similar containers, other than by molding, of paper pulp, paper or paperboard8441.40.00 Machines for molding articles in paper pulp, paper or paperboard8441.80.00 Machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, nesoi8441.90.00 Parts for machinery used in making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines8442.30.01 Machinery, apparatus and equipment of heading 84428442.40.00 Parts of the machinery, apparatus or equipment of subheadings 8442.10, 8442.20 and 8442.308443.11.10 Reel-fed offset printing machinery, double-width newspaper printing presses 8443.11.50 Reel-fed offset printing machinery, other than double-width newspaper printing presses8443.12.00 Sheet-fed offset printing machinery, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 X 36 cm) 8443.13.00 Offset printing machinery, nesoi8443.14.00 Letterpress printing machinery, excluding flexographic printing, reel-fed8443.17.00 Gravure printing machinery8443.19.30 Printing machinery, nesoi8443.91.10 Machines for uses ancillary to printing8443.99.20 Parts of printer units of subheading 8443.32.10 specified in additional U.S. note 2 to this chapter8443.99.45 Parts and accessories of copying machines; nesoi8444.00.00 Machines for extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile materials 8454.10.00 Converters of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries8454.30.00 Casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries8454.90.00 Parts of converters, ladles, ingot molds and casting machines, of a kind used inmetallurgy or in metal foundries8455.10.00 Metal-rolling tube mills8455.21.00 Metal-rolling mills, other than tube mills, hot or combination hot and cold8455.22.00 Metal-rolling mills, other than tube mills, cold8455.30.00 Rolls for metal-rolling mills8455.90.80 Parts for metal-rolling mills, other than rolls, nesoiSubheading8456.11.10 Machine tools operated by laser, for working metal8456.11.70 Machine tools operated by laser, of a kind used solely or principally for manufacture of printed circuits8456.11.90 Machine tools operated by laser, nesoi8456.12.10 Machine tools operated by light or photon beam processes, for working metal 8456.12.70 Machine tools operated by light or photon beam processes, of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of printed circuits8456.12.90 Machine tools operated by light or photon beam processes, nesoi8456.20.10 Machine tools operated by ultrasonic processes, for working metal8456.20.50 Machine tools operated by ultrasonic processes, other than for working metal 8456.30.10 Machine tools operated by electro-discharge processes, for working metal 8456.30.50 Machine tools operated by electro-discharge processes, other than for working metal 8456.40.10 Machine tools operated by plasma arc process, for working metal8456.40.90 Machine tools operated by plasma arc process, other than for working metal 8456.50.00 Water-jet cutting machines8456.90.31 Machine tools operated by electro-chemical or ionic-beam processes, for working metal8456.90.71 Machine tools operated by electro-chemical or ionic-beam processes, other than for working metal8457.10.00 Machining centers for working metal8457.20.00 Unit construction machines (single station), for working metal8457.30.00 Multistation transfer machines for working metal8458.11.00 Horizontal lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal, numericallycontrolled8458.19.00 Horizontal lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal, other thannumerically controlled8458.91.10 Vertical turret lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal, numerically controlled8458.91.50 Lathes (including turning centers), other than horizontal or vertical turret lathes, for removing metal, numerically controlled8458.99.10 Vertical turret lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal, other than numerically controlled8458.99.50 Lathes (including turning centers), other than horizontal or vertical turret lathes, for removing metal, other than numerically controlled8459.10.00 Way-type unit head machines for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing metal, other than lathes of heading 84588459.21.00 Drilling machines, numerically controlled, nesoi8459.31.00 Boring-milling machines, numerically controlled, nesoi8459.39.00 Boring-milling machines, other than numerically controlled, nesoi8459.41.00 Boring machines, numerically controlled, nesoi8459.49.00 Boring machines, not numerically controlled, nesoi8459.51.00 Milling machines, knee type, numerically controlled, nesoi8459.61.00 Milling machines, other than knee type, numerically controlled, nesoiSubheading8459.69.00 Milling machines, other than knee type, other than numerically controlled, nesoi 8459.70.40 Other threading or tapping machines, numerically controlled8459.70.80 Other threading or tapping machines nesoi8460.12.00 Flat-surface grinding machines, numerically controlled8460.19.01 Flat-surface grinding machines, not numerically controlled8460.22.00 Centerless grinding machines, numerically controlled8460.23.00 Other cylindrical grinding machines, numerically controlled8460.24.00 Other grinding machines, numerically controlled8460.29.01 Other grinding machines, other than numerically controlled8460.31.00 Sharpening (tool or cutter grinding) machines for working metal or cermets,numerically controlled8460.40.40 Honing or lapping machines for working metal or cermets, numerically controlled 8460.40.80 Honing or lapping machines for working metal or cermets, other than numerically controlled8460.90.40 Other machine tools for deburring, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermets, nesoi, numerically controlled8460.90.80 Other machine tools for deburring, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermets, nesoi, other than numerically controlled8461.20.40 Shaping or slotting machines for working by removing metal or cermets, numerically controlled8461.20.80 Shaping or slotting machines for working by removing metal or cermets, other than numerically controlled8461.30.40 Broaching machines for working by removing metal or cermets, numericallycontrolled8461.30.80 Broaching machines for working by removing metal or cermets, other thannumerically controlled8461.40.10 Gear cutting machines for working by removing metal or cermets8461.40.50 Gear grinding or finishing machines for working by removing metal or cermets 8461.50.40 Sawing or cutting-off machines for working by removing metal or cermets,numerically controlled8461.90.30 Machine-tools for working by removing metal or cermets, nesoi, numericallycontrolled8461.90.60 Machine-tools for working by removing metal or cermets, nesoi, other thannumerically controlled8462.10.00 Forging or die-stamping machines (including presses) and hammers8462.21.00 Bending, folding, straightening or flattening machines (including presses) numerically controlled for working metal or metal carbides8462.29.00 Bending, folding, straightening or flattening machines (including presses) notnumerically controlled for working metal or metal carbides8462.31.00 Shearing machines (incl. presses), excl. combined punching & shearing machines, numerically controlled for working metal or metal carbides8462.39.00 Shearing machines (incl. presses), excl. combined punch & shearing machines, nt numerically controlled for working metal or metal carbidesSubheading8462.41.00 Punch/notch machines (incl. presses), incl. combined punch & shearing machines, numerically controlled for working metal or metal carbides8462.49.00 Punch/notch machines (incl. presses), incl. combined punch & shear machines, not numerically controlled for working metal or metal carbides8462.91.40 Hydraulic presses, numerically controlled8462.91.80 Hydraulic presses, not numerically controlled8462.99.40 Machine tools (including nonhydraulic presses) for working metal or metal carbides, nesoi, numerically controlled8462.99.80 Machine tools (including nonhydraulic presses) for working metal or metal carbides, nesoi, not numerically controlled8463.10.00 Draw-benches for bars, tubes, profiles, wire or the like, for working metal or cermets, without removing material8463.20.00 Thread rolling machines for working metal or cermets, without removing material 8463.30.00 Machines for working wire of metal or cermets, without removing material 8463.90.00 Machine tools for working metal or cermets, without removing material, nesoi 8464.20.01 Grinding or polishing machines for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials, or glass, nesoi8464.90.01 Machine tools for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials or for cold working glass, nesoi8465.10.00 Machines for working certain hard materials which can carry out different types of machining operations w/o tool change between operations8465.92.00 Planing, milling or molding (by cutting) machines for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials8465.93.00 Grinding, sanding or polishing machines for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials8465.94.00 Bending or assembling machines for working wood, cork, bone hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials8465.99.02 Machine tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics and similar hard materials, nesoi8466.10.01 Tool holders and self-opening dieheads for use solely or principally with machines of headings 8456 to 8465, nesoi8466.20.10 Work holders for machine tools used in cutting gears8466.20.80 Work holders for machine tools other than those used in cutting gears, nesoi 8466.30.10 Dividing heads for use solely or principally for machine tools of headings 8456 to 8465 8466.30.60 Special attachments (which are machines) use solely or principally for machines of heading 8456 to 8465, excluding dividing heads, nesoi8466.91.50 Parts and accessories nesoi, for machines of heading 84648466.92.10 Cast-iron parts not advanced beyond cleaning and specifically machined, for machines of heading 84658466.92.50 Parts and accessories nesoi, for machines of heading 84658466.93.11 Certain parts for water-jet cutting machines8466.93.30 Certain specified parts and accessories of metal working machine tools for cutting gears8466.93.53 Certain specified parts and accessories for machines of heading 8456 to 8461, nesoi。
中美贸易战简述
一、美、中公布第二轮相互惩罚关税清单。
美国时间6月15日,美国贸易代表署(USTR)公布,将对从中国进口的1102种商品、约500亿美元商品加征25%的关税,其中对约340亿美元商品自2018年7月6日起实施加征关税措施,同时对约160亿美元商品加征关税开始征求公众意见。
不到24小时,国国务院关税税则委员会发布,对原产于美国的659项约500亿美元进口商品加征25%的关税,其中对农产品、汽车、水产品等545项约340亿美元商品自2018年7月6日起实施加征关税,对其余商品加征关税的实施时间另行公告。
美方发表声明称,如果中国采取报复性措施,美国将继续追加额外关税。
对此,中国发表声明称,保留采取相应措施的权利,捍卫自身合法权益。
美国对华关税清单详解。
经过梳理,发现6/15清单与4/3清单大部分重合,这些商品是占美国从中国总进口中比例较大的商品。
美方6/15清单总体剑指中国高新技术行业,同时增加了对塑料、矿物燃料、铁路运输设备等产品的征税力度,降低了对电机电器设备、机器机械器材、有机化合物等的征税力度。
美国公布的清单的商品代码为HTS (the Harmoised Tariff Schedule),其与HS(theHarmonization System Code)是一致的,前者在4位码基础对后者进行细化。
将文件中HTS-8位码商品汇总到HS-6位码和2位码的层面来进行分析。
需要说明的是,计算中存在高估的情况,很难在比6位码更细的层面再进行拆分,没有被征收的品种也可能被计算进来(见图1及其注释)。
从大类来看,美国对我国征收关税主要涉及3个部分:1) 机械设备类;2)金属及其制品类;3)化学等制品类。
对比美方两份清单主要有以下几个特点:●整体上看,美国加收关税的行业为美国对我国进口较多的领域,在此次涉及到的2位码行业中,多个行业是美国从我国进口中占比前20的行业。
●与4/3清单相比,6/15清单中征税比重降低的行业(对美出口比重降低)依次为:电机、电器设备及零件(-0.83%);机器、机械器材及零件(-0.64%);有机化合物(-0.42%);光学、激光、医疗等精密仪器(-0.31%);铝及其制品(-0.27%);家具(-0.26%);药品(-0.19%)。
2019年中考历史时政热点问题专题总结(二)中美贸易问题问题
热点二中美贸易问题【热点点击】2018年6月15日,美国政府发布了加征关税的商品清单,将对从中国进口的约500亿美元商品加征25%的关税,其中对约340亿美元商品自2018年7月6日起实施加征关税措施,同时对约160亿美元商品加征关税开始征求公众意见。
2018年7月6日00:01(北京时间6日12:01),美国开始对第一批清单上818个类别、价值340亿美元的中国商品加征25%的进口关税。
作为反击,中国也于同日对同等规模的美国产品加征25%的进口关税。
2018年7月10日,美国政府公布进一步对华加征关税清单,拟对约2000亿美元中国产品加征10%的关税,其中包括海产品、农产品、水果、日用品等项目。
这一轮关税措施将经公众评论,并在8月20日至23日举行听证会。
美国政府将在8月30日公共评论结束后决定下一步行动。
2018年8月2日,美国贸易代表声明称拟将加征税率由10%提高至25%。
2018年8月8日,美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)公布第二批对价值160亿美元中国进口商品加征关税的清单,8月23日起生效。
最终清单包含了2018年6月15日公布的284个关税项目中的279个,包括摩托车、蒸汽轮机等产品,将征收25%关税。
2018年8月23日,美国在301调查项下对自中国进口的160亿美元产品加征25%关税。
]2019年2月24日,美国总统特朗普宣布,他将推迟3月1日上调中国输美商品关税的计划。
2019年5月10日,美方对2000亿美元中国输美商品加征的关税从10%上调至25%。
孟晚舟事件2018年12月1日,现任华为副董事长、首席财务官的孟晚舟在温哥华被捕。
2019年1月29日,美国正式向加拿大提出引渡孟晚舟的请求。
3月1日,加拿大司法部批准继续推进有关中国公民孟晚舟的引渡听证会。
2019年3月12日,中国外交部发言人陆慷在例行记者会上称,孟晚舟事件,是一起通过不正当手段威胁他国企业、打压竞争对手、干扰市场环境、阻挠科技产业合作的极为恶劣的政治事件。
美国对华关税制裁及对美国在华投资企业的影响
美国对华关税制裁及对美国在华投资企业的影响作者:渠慎宁杨丹辉来源:《国际贸易》 2018年第11期自从美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)发布对华“301调查” 报告以来,中美经贸摩擦升级,美国于2018年6月对华正式实施“关税制裁”。
从本质上看,美国对中国及其他国家采取的关税惩罚措施是其“复兴美国” 计划的重要步骤,一方面吸引美国企业从海外回流美国本土,另一方面向主要竞争对手施压,迫使其进一步开放市场,为扩大美国企业出口创造有利条件。
美国是中国最大的商品出口国和货物贸易顺差来源国,中美经贸摩擦加剧对两国制造业竞争将产生不可忽视的影响。
本文基于全球价值链演进的趋势,剖析中美经贸摩擦升级的深层次原因,研判美国采取的关税策略对美国在华企业的影响,提出应对中美大国竞争的对策建议。
一、中美经贸摩擦升级的原因:基于全球价值链演进的分析(一)全球价值链面临深度调整国际金融危机发生后,世界范围内保护主义此起彼伏,严重威胁贸易和投资自由化以及全球经济一体化发展。
其中,美国成为全球保护主义的主要推手。
国际金融危机后美国累计出台贸易和投资限制措施1191项,居全球首位,占G20成员国家保护主义措施总数的18%,比排名第二的印度多462项。
尽管表面上看,部分国家和地区为应对国际金融危机而奉行单边主义是“逆全球化” 的导火索,但其背后的根本原因却是在新一轮科技革命和产业革命的推动下,全球价值链出现了新动向新趋势,导致全球化动力减弱,阻力增大。
长期以来,基于全球价值链的一体化生产网络是国际分工的主要载体,也是全球化的重要标志。
然而,近年来国际分工深化的方向和范式正在发生改变。
随着第四次工业革命蓬勃兴起,人工智能、工业互联网、高端机器人等新科技的发展带动制造业智能化、绿色化、服务化发展,不仅催生了新产业群,而且使得纺织服装、机械加工、化工建材等传统产业的部分环节被重新布局到发达国家的可能性增大。
《世界投资报告(2018)》的数据显示,过去十年间,持续了30年的全球价值链扩张势头出现停滞。
美国对华301调查及中国反制措施的法律分析
目录引言一、美国对华301调查的违法性分析二、中国对美国采取反制措施的法律依据三、对中国今后应对美国贸易限制措施的建议四、结语引言2017年8月14日,美国总统特朗普签署了一份行政备忘录,授权美国贸易代表依据美国《1974年贸易法》301条款对中国贸易行为进行调查。
同年8月18日,美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)发布立案公告,正式对中国发起301调查。
调查主要针对中国技术转让、知识产权和创新有关的法律、政策和做法,涉及中国知识产权保护、双向投资、产业政策、创新政策、网络安全和政府采购等多个领域。
2018年4月3日,美国贸易代表办公室依据301调查单方认定结果,宣布对原产于中国的价值约500亿美元进口商品加征25%关税。
4月4日,中国政府依据《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》等法律法规和国际法基本原则,宣布将对原产于美国的进口商品对等采取加征25%关税措施,涉及进口金额约500亿美元。
为听取公众对征税措施的意见,5月15日至18日,USTR在华盛顿召开公开听证会,多数发言代表在听证会上反对美国对华采取500亿美元进口商品征税措施。
然而,经过一系列的艰难磋商,截至目前中美仍未最终达成共识。
7月6日,美国政府将依据301调查单方认定结果,对原产于中国的340亿美元进口商品(500亿美元措施中的清单一)加征25%的进口关税,对其余约160亿美元进口商品(500亿美元措施中的清单二)将可能在进一步征求公众意见后采取征税措施。
一直以来,中国都是国际多边规则的维护者和倡导者。
随着中美经贸摩擦紧张态势不断升级,在美国以301调查为由对中国出口产品提出单边征税措施时,为维护国家利益,中国也必须进行迅速和有效的反制还击。
中美双方在依据国内法进行激烈对峙时也引发国际法上的巨大争议,到底是谁对现有国际多边规则秩序发起挑战和冲击。
我们意识到,随着中美贸易结构之间的不断调整,中国竞争力的不断提升,两国经贸关系的紧张状态很可能在未来几年间得以持续,我们应思考如何从国际规则层面拉住美国单边贸易保护主义的缰绳。
中美贸易冲突的贸易后果
中美贸易冲突的贸易后果作者:谢建国王肖来源:《财经理论与实践》2021年第01期摘要:基于双重差分模型,依据2014-2019年的中美贸易细分产品月度数据,考量中美贸易冲突对中美两国贸易的影响。
结果显示:贸易冲突对中国从美国进口负向影响显著,且在样本期内具有平稳性与持续性;对中国对美出口负向效应显著,且在样本期内呈“倒U型”趋势。
事件前期和中期,在“抢出口”效应作用下,贸易冲突对中国对美出口具有短期促进作用;事件后期,对中国对美出口的破坏影响显现。
细分产品层面,贸易冲突对中国从美国资本品和消费品的进口负向影响显著,表明国家和个体层面都对贸易有所限制。
出口方面,中国消费品出口所受的负向影响较强。
同时,中美贸易冲突对于第三国贸易转移效应显著。
关键词:中美贸易;贸易冲突;事件分析;双重差分中图分类号:F741文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-7217(2021)01-0086-08一、引言20世纪以来,随着世界贸易自由化的发展与全球价值链的深化,世界经济的联系越来越紧密。
得益于世界贸易与投资自由化,以中国为代表的新兴经济体国家迅速崛起,并在世界经济体系中发挥越来越重要的作用。
新兴经济体国家的崛起,对传统的发达国家形成了强烈的挑战,为维持本国在全球经济中的话语权,遏制新兴国家的竞争,传统发达国家重新走向贸易保护主义,使得各国间的贸易摩擦日趋增加,美国与中国近年来的贸易摩擦就是其中的一个典型事例。
针对对华日益严重的贸易失衡,2017年8月,美国总统特朗普签署备忘录,指示USTR 对中国发起301调查。
2018年4月4日,美国宣布对来自中国的500亿美元进口产品加征关税,中国随后实施了同等幅度的反制措施,标志着中美在贸易领域的冲突开始。
2018年7月6日,中美双方对来自对方340亿美元的产品开始加征25%的关税,贸易制裁措施正式开始实施。
2018年9月18日,美国政府再次宣布对原产于中国的2000亿商品加征10%的关税,并声称要在2019年1月1日将该关税提高到25%。
国务院关税税则委员会关于对原产于美国约160亿美元进口商品加征关税的公告-税委会公告〔2018〕7号
国务院关税税则委员会关于对原产于美国约160亿美元进口商品加征关税
的公告
正文:
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国务院关税税则委员会关于对原产于美国约160亿美元进口商品加征关税的公告
税委会公告〔2018〕7号
根据《国务院关税税则委员会关于对原产于美国500亿美元进口商品加征关税的公告》(税委会公告〔2018〕5号),现将对美加征关税商品清单二有关调整事项公告如下:
一、对美加征关税商品清单二的商品,以本公告附件为准,自2018年8月23日12时01分起实施加征关税。
二、其他事项按照税委会公告〔2018〕5号执行。
附件:对美加征关税商品清单二
国务院关税税则委员会
2018年8月8日
——结束——。
中国反制!将对160亿美元美国商品加征25%关税
中国反制!将对160亿美元美国商品加征25%关税
佚名
【期刊名称】《中国眼镜科技杂志》
【年(卷),期】2018(0)17
【摘要】8月2日,美国宣布要把对中国2000亿美元输美产品的征税税率由10%提高到25%。
8月7日,美国又宣布对279项约160亿美元进口自中国的商品征收25%的关税,征税清单包括半导体、电子、塑料、化学品和铁路设备等商品,于8月23日起生效,使中美贸易战进一步升级。
【总页数】1页(P2-2)
【关键词】中国;美国;关税;商品;铁路设备;中美贸易;半导体;化学品
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F752.5
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Product Description Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, nesoi Vinyl chloride copolymers nesoi, in primary forms Vinylidene chloride polymers, in primary forms Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), in primary forms Fluoropolymers, elastomeric, other than polytetrafluoroethylene, in primary forms Fluoropolymers, other than elastomeric and other than polytetrafluoroethylene, in primary forms Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated olefins, nesoi, in primary forms, elastomeric, in primary forms Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated olefins, nesoi, in primary forms, other than elastomeric, in primary forms Polyvinyl acetate, in aqueous dispersion Polyvinyl acetate, other than in aqueous dispersion, in primary forms Vinyl acetate copolymers, in aqueous dispersion Vinyl acetate copolymers, other than in aqueous dispersion, in primary forms Polyvinyl alcohols, whether or not containing unhydrolyzed acetate groups, in primary forms Copolymers of vinyl esters or other vinyls, in primary forms, containing by weight 50% or more of derivatives of vinyl acetate Copolymers of vinyl esters or other vinyls, in primary forms, nesoi Polymers of vinyl esters or other vinyl polymers, in primary forms, nesoi Polymethyl methacrylate, in primary forms Acrylic polymers (except PMMA) in primary forms, elastomeric Acrylic plastics polymers (except PMMA), in primary forms, nonelastomeric Acrylic polymers (except plastics or elastomers), in primary forms, nesoi Polyacetals in primary forms Polyethers, other than polyacetals, in primary forms Epoxide resins in primary forms Polycarbonates in primary forms Alkyd resins in primary forms Polyethylene terephthalate, having a viscosity number of 78 ml/g or higher Polyethylene terephthalate, having a viscosity number less than 78 ml/g Poly(lactic acid) Unsaturated allyl resins, uncompounded Unsaturated allyl resins, nesoi Unsaturated polyesters, other than allyl resins in primary forms Thermoplastic liquid crystal aromatic polyester copolymers Other polyesters nesoi, saturated, in primary forms Polyamide-6, -11, -12, -6,6, -6,9, -6,10 or -6,12 in primary form Bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methaneisophthalic acid-laurolactam copolymer Other polyamides in primary forms Urea resins; thiourea resins Melamine resins
HTS Subheading 3904.30.60 3904.40.00 3904.50.00 3904.61.00 3904.69.10 3904.69.50 3904.90.10 3904.90.50 3905.12.00 3905.19.00 3905.21.00 3905.29.00 3905.30.00 3905.91.10 3905.91.50 3905.99.80 3906.10.00 3906.90.10 3906.90.20 3906.90.50 3907.10.00 3907.20.00 3907.30.00 3907.40.00 3907.50.00 3907.61.00 3907.69.00 3907.70.00 3907.91.20 3907.91.40 3907.91.50 3907.99.20 3907.99.50 3908.10.00 3908.90.20 3908.90.anche HTS Subheading 2710.19.30 2710.19.35 2710.19.40 3403.19.10 3403.19.50 3403.99.00 3811.21.00 3811.29.00 3901.10.10 3901.10.50 3901.20.10 3901.20.50 3901.30.20 3901.30.60 3901.90.10 3901.90.55 3901.90.90 3902.10.00 3902.20.10 3902.20.50 3902.30.00 3902.90.00 3903.11.00 3903.19.00 3903.20.00 3903.30.00 3903.90.10 3903.90.50 3904.10.00 3904.21.00 3904.22.00 3904.30.20 Product Description Lubricating oils, w/or w/o additives, fr. petro oils and bitumin minerals (o/than crude) or preps. 70%+ by wt. fr. petro oils Lubricating greases from petro oil/bitum min/70%+ by wt. fr. petro. oils but n/o 10% by wt. of fatty acid salts animal/vegetable origin Lubricating greases from petro oil/bitum min/70%+ by wt. fr. petro. oils > 10% by wt. of fatty acid salts animal/vegetable origin Lubricating preparations containing 50% but less than 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals Lubricating preparations containing less than 50% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils from bituminous minerals Lubricating preparations (incl. lubricant-based preparations), nesoi Additives for lubricating oils containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals Additives for lubricating oils, nesoi Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 and having a relative viscosity of 1.44 or more, in primary forms Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms, nesoi Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more and having a relative viscosity of 1.44 or more, in primary forms Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms, nesoi Ethylene copolymer: Vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride-ethylene terpoly w/ < 50% deriv of vinyl acetate, exc polymer aromatic/mod arom monomers Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, nesoi Polymers of ethylene, nesoi, in primary forms, elastomeric Ethylene copolymers, in primary forms, other than elastomeric Polymers of ethylene, nesoi, in primary forms, other than elastomeric Polypropylene, in primary forms Polyisobutylene, elastomeric, in primary forms Polyisobutylene, other than elastomeric, in primary forms Propylene copolymers, in primary forms Polymers of propylene or of other olefins, nesoi, in primary forms Polystyrene, expandable, in primary forms Polystyrene, other than expandable, in primary forms Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers, in primary forms Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, in primary forms Methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) copolymers, in primary forms Polymers of styrene, nesoi, in primary forms Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms Polyvinyl chloride, mixed with other substances, nonplasticized, in primary forms Polyvinyl chloride, mixed with other substances, plasticized, in primary forms Vinyl chloride copolymer: Vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride-ethylene terpoly w/< 50% deriv vinyl acetate, exc polymer aromatic/mod arom monomers