最新新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四册课文全翻译A+B教学教材

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新世纪大学英语 综合教程4 课文翻译

新世纪大学英语 综合教程4 课文翻译

Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanityis faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.Man in the Realm of NatureT Alexander SpirkinThe text is downloaded from the website:close1 of nature. They are constantlyrealm RT Human beings live in thesurrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of theinfluence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water hedrinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by loodties and we cannot live outside nature.人在自然界斯伯金亚历山大·人类生活在大自然的王国里。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程 4 课文原文及翻译》在大学英语的学习过程中,全新版大学英语综合教程 4 无疑是一本重要的教材。

其中的课文涵盖了丰富多样的主题和文体,对于提升英语语言能力和拓宽知识面都具有重要意义。

下面将为您呈现部分课文的原文及翻译。

课文一:The Tail of FameAn artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur Most would be hardpressed to tell you how theyeven got there Artists cannot remain idle, though When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing,run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famousFamous authors' styles—such as Jane Austen's or Ernest Hemingway's—are easily recognizable The same is true of painters like Monet or Picasso The distinctive style of an artist, however, can become a trademark Whenthat happens, the artist becomes confined to that style If an artist is talented but not unique, fame will be fleeting Even if an artist possesses a unique style, fame is not guaranteed The market for art is fickle The public's appetite for a new style is insatiable The artist, like the politician, must often please the public in order to remain popular翻译:名声之尾追求名声的艺术家就像一只追着自己尾巴跑的狗,一旦抓住了尾巴,除了继续追着跑之外,不知道还能做什么。

新世纪综合教程4大学英语课文翻译和课后习题的答案

新世纪综合教程4大学英语课文翻译和课后习题的答案

大学英语课文翻译1 Man in the realm of nature人在自然界人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物,无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连,离开大自然,我们将无法生存。

人类不仅生活在大自然之中,同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化,社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电,迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境,也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

随着社会的发展,人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少,而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中,他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而,尽管工具不甚完备,他们却能同心协力,顽强工作,并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中,大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了,耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如,森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的,因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的,所谓“文明”,就是人类在哪里建立家园,耕耘土地,哪里的森林就被砍伐。

然而,随着岁月的流逝,人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

目前,人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡,已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求,即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质,也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来,这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点,他们更关注的是外表,而不是健康。

新世纪大学英语第四册课文和翻译

新世纪大学英语第四册课文和翻译

Unit One Text A Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander SpirkinHuman beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?The man-nature relation – the crisis of the ecological situation – is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!人在自然界| 亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。

全新版大学英语综合教程第四册unit4课文翻译第四版

全新版大学英语综合教程第四册unit4课文翻译第四版

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第四册unit4课⽂翻译第四版全新版⼤学英语综合教程第四册unit4课⽂翻译(第四版) 导语:在⼤学学习英语的时候,对于全新版⼤学英语综合教程的内容你了如指掌吗?第四册第四课课⽂应该怎么翻译呢?下⾯就让⼩编来告诉你答案。

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆版第四册第四课课⽂翻译1 Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。

这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进⾏了探讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯⼈ 彼得·⽢贝尔 威廉·布劳德出⽣于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长⼤,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福⼤学。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: EducationText A: Is College the Best Option?大学是否是最佳选择?Part I: Text A in EnglishText A: Is College the Best Option?Nowadays, the decision to attend college or not is a topic of much debate. With the rising cost of tuition and the uncertainty of job prospects after graduation, many people are questioning whether college is truly the best option.On one hand, a college education has obvious benefits. It provides individuals with the opportunity to gain knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and broaden their horizons. College also offers networking opportunities and the chance to meet people from diverse backgrounds, which can be valuable in the professional world. Additionally, many employers still consider a college degree as a minimum requirement for job applicants.On the other hand, the cost of college has skyrocketed in recent years. Tuition fees, accommodation expenses, and textbooks can easily accumulate into a significant financial burden. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a college degree will lead to a well-paying job. In today's competitive jobmarket, having a degree no longer guarantees a successful career. Many college graduates find themselves underemployed or in jobs that don't align with their educational background.Furthermore, alternative pathways such as vocational schools, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship have proven to be successful for many individuals. These options often provide practical, hands-on training and immediate job placement. For those who have a clear career goal and are willing to put in the effort, skipping college and pursuing alternative paths can lead to quicker entry into the workforce and potential financial success.In conclusion, the decision to attend college or pursue alternative paths depends on individual circumstances and goals. While a college education offers numerous benefits, it is necessary to carefully consider the financial costs and job prospects in today's economy. Ultimately, success in any field requires a combination of education, skills, and determination, regardless of whether one obtains a college degree or not.Part II: Text A in Chinese (课文A:大学是否是最佳选择?)如今,是否上大学成为了一个备受争议的话题。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 A Lost World - Atlantis?Text AThe Story of AtlantisAmong the many mysteries of ancient Greece, Atlantis stands out as one of the most enduring and intriguing. The myth of Atlantis has captured the imagination of generations, with numerous theories and speculations attempting to uncover the truth behind this legendary lost city.According to the Greek philosopher Plato, Atlantis was a powerful and advanced civilization that existed around 9,000 years before his time. It was located beyond the "Pillars of Hercules" and was said to be larger than Asia and Libya combined. The Atlanteans, as described by Plato, were a technologically advanced society with impressive architecture, hydraulic engineering, and prosperous trade. However, due to their pride and corruption, the gods decided to punish them and submerged Atlantis into the sea in a single day and night of catastrophic earthquakes and floods.Although there is no concrete evidence to support the existence of Atlantis, many theories have been put forward over the years. Some believe that Atlantis was a real place, possibly a highly advanced civilization such as the Minoan culture of Crete or the ancient city of Tartessos in modern-day Spain. Others suggest that Atlantis is purely a myth or an allegory created by Plato to convey philosophical or political ideas.Regardless of its reality, the story of Atlantis continues to captivate and inspire people. It has become a symbol of a lost paradise, a cautionary tale warning against human hubris, and a reminder of the fleeting nature of power and civilization.译文:第一课海底世界-亚特兰蒂斯亚特兰蒂斯的故事在古希腊的众多谜团中,亚特兰蒂斯是最耐人寻味和引人入胜的之一。

全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations.What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。

这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进行了探讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don'tcall him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, itdoesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长大,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。

全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译

Global‎i zatio‎n is sweepi‎n g aside nation‎a l border‎s and changi‎n g relati‎o ns betwee‎n nation‎s. What impact‎does this have on nation‎a l identi‎t ies and loyalt‎i es? Are they streng‎t hened‎or weaken‎e d? The author‎invest‎i gates‎.全球化正在扫‎除国界、改变国与国之‎间的关系。

这对国家的认‎同和对国家的‎忠诚会带来什‎么影响呢?它们会得到加‎强还是削弱?作者对这些问‎题进行了探讨‎。

In Search‎of Davos ManPet‎e r Gumbel‎1. Willia‎m Browde‎r was born in Prince‎t on, New Jersey‎,grew up in Chicag‎o, and studie‎d at Stanfo‎r d Univer‎s ity in Califo‎r nia. But don't call him an Americ‎a n. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outsid‎e the U.S., first in London‎and then, from 1996, in Moscow‎, where he runs his own invest‎m ent firm. Browde‎r now manage‎s$1.6 billio‎n in assets‎.In 1998 he gave up his Americ‎a n passpo‎r t to become‎a Britis‎h citize‎n, since his life is now center‎e d in Europe‎. "Nation‎a l identi‎t y makes no differ‎e nce for me," he says. "I feel comple‎t ely intern‎a tiona‎l. If you have four good friend‎s and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter‎where you are. That's global‎i zatio‎n."寻找达沃斯人‎彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于‎新泽西州的普‎林斯顿,在芝加哥长大‎,就读于加利福‎尼亚州的斯坦‎福大学。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中,风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

Old Father Time Becomes a TerrorRichard Tomkins1 Once upon a time,technology,we thought,would make our lives easier。

Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever—increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure.时间老人成了可怕的老人理查德·汤姆金斯从前,我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。

那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作,我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。

2 But instead of liberating us,technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate:as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium。

And as each invention arrives,it eats further into our time.但技术发展没有把我们解放出来,而是使我们成为奴隶。

新技术纷至沓来,令人目不暇接:一年涌现的技术创新相当于以前一千年。

而每一项新发明问世,就进一步吞噬我们的光阴.3 The motorcar, for example,promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now,traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse—drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

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(全新版)英语综合教程第四册课文英语原文及全文翻译

(全新版)英语综合教程第四册课文英语原文及全文翻译

(全新版)英语综合教程第四册课⽂英语原⽂及全⽂翻译They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong. ⼈道是骄兵必败。

就拿拿破仑和希特勒两⼈来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为⾃⼰战⽆不胜,不可阻挡。

但俄罗斯的冰雪卫⼠证明他们错了。

The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫⼠奈拉·B·史密斯1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率⼤军⼊侵俄罗斯。

他准备好俄罗斯⼈民会为保卫祖国⽽奋勇抵抗。

新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit4课文逐段翻译

新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit4课文逐段翻译

Unit 4Text A|工作、劳动和玩耍Work, Labor, and Play威斯坦·H·奥登PrefaceWe go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Auden's discussion about work, labor, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer "workers". What are we then?就我所知,汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。

一个人要想快乐,第一要有自由感,第二要确信自己有价值。

如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事,或者说,他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视,看作没有价值或不重要,那他就不会真正快乐。

在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里,一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。

然而,今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。

如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作,他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作,那这个人就是一个劳动者。

So far as I know, MissHannah Arendtwas the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slaveryin the strict sensehas beenabolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but alaborertoday can rightly be called awageslave. A man is a laborer if the job societyoffers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity ofearning a livingand supporting his family.与劳动相对的是玩耍。

全新版大学英语综合教程第四册unit4课文翻译第四版

全新版大学英语综合教程第四册unit4课文翻译第四版

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第四册unit4课⽂翻译第四版全新版⼤学英语综合教程第四册unit4课⽂翻译(第四版) 导语:在⼤学学习英语的时候,对于全新版⼤学英语综合教程的内容你了如指掌吗?第四册第四课课⽂应该怎么翻译呢?下⾯就让⼩编来告诉你答案。

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆版第四册第四课课⽂翻译1 Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。

这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进⾏了探讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯⼈ 彼得·⽢贝尔 威廉·布劳德出⽣于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长⼤,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福⼤学。

综合英语第四册Text_A_(Unit_1-8)课文翻译

综合英语第四册Text_A_(Unit_1-8)课文翻译

《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A (Unit 1-8)课文翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。

就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为自己战无不胜,不可阻挡。

但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。

冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。

他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。

他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。

但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

1941年,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。

希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。

他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。

希特勒希望速战速决,但是,就像在他之前的拿破仑一样,他得到的是痛苦的教训。

仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。

拿破仑发起的战役1812年春,拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。

这些士兵受过良好训练,作战力强,装备精良。

这支军队被称为大军。

拿破仑对马到成功充满自信,预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。

不久,拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。

拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。

令他吃惊的是,俄国人并不奋起抵抗。

相反,他们一路东撤,沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。

大军紧追不舍,但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。

到了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。

可是,俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。

拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。

此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。

是继续追击俄国,军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷,决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。

1812年9月7日,法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。

夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡,倒在了战场上。

俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Living and LearningText AWomen and TraditionIn the remote mountain villages of southwest China, it seems that time has stood still for centuries. The traditional way of life that has been passed down from generation to generation remains untouched by the modern world. Here, women are the family organizers, responsible for farming and family matters.Women plant and harvest crops, take care of livestock, cook for their families, and raise children. They are the pillars of their communities, responsible for preserving their cultural traditions. Despite the heavy workload, women in these villages take pride in their roles.Traditional gender roles in these communities paint a stark contrast to the modern world. However, as China rapidly develops, there is an evident shift happening. Young women are drifting away from their traditional roles, pursuing careers and education in larger cities. This shift has both positive and negative implications for these rural communities.On the one hand, women have more opportunities for personal growth and economic independence. By pursuing education and employment outside their villages, they can experience a different way of life and contribute to their families' financial stability. This newfound freedomallows women to break free from traditional constraints and explore their full potential.On the other hand, the departure of young women from these villages also means a loss of resources and skills. With fewer women available to handle the farming and household tasks, the burden falls heavily on the older generation. The young women who leave often find it hard to return due to the lack of job opportunities and limited access to modern amenities in their home villages.In conclusion, the traditional roles of women in remote Chinese villages are slowly changing as modernization takes over. While women now have more choices and freedom, this shift also brings challenges for the communities they leave behind. Balancing tradition and progress is a delicate task, and finding ways to preserve cultural heritage while embracing modernity is crucial.Unit 2 EducationText AA Day in the Life of a College StudentCollege life is an exciting and transformative period. As students pursue higher education, they experience a newfound sense of freedom and responsibility. Let's take a closer look at a typical day in the life of a college student.The day begins with the sound of the alarm clock buzzing. Time to wake up and start the day! After a quick shower and getting dressed, the studentheads to the cafeteria for breakfast. Fueling up with a hearty meal is essential to keep energy levels up throughout the day.Next, it's time for classes. The student attends various lectures, takes notes, and participates in discussions. The college curriculum covers a wide range of subjects, allowing students to explore their interests and discover new fields of study.After a morning of classes, it's time for a lunch break. The student grabs a quick bite to eat and maybe meets up with friends for some socializing. College is not just about academics but also about building lifelong friendships and connections.In the afternoon, the student might have some free time between classes. This is an opportunity to catch up on assignments, study, or engage in extracurricular activities. Many students join clubs or organizations to pursue their hobbies or develop leadership skills.As the day progresses, evening approaches. Some students have part-time jobs, while others use this time to relax or engage in recreational activities. It's important to find a balance between academics and personal well-being.Finally, it's time for dinner. Students gather at the dining hall or cook their own meals if they live off-campus. Sharing a meal with friends or roommates is a great way to unwind and recharge after a long day.After dinner, the student might have some more studying to do or attend a club meeting. However, it's essential to make time for rest and relaxation.Going to bed at a reasonable hour ensures that the student is well-rested for the next day's activities.In conclusion, a college student's day is a whirlwind of classes, socializing, and personal growth. Balancing academics with extracurricular activities and personal well-being is the key to a successful college experience. Embracing the opportunities presented during this time paves the way for a bright and promising future.这里提供3000字的两篇文章,分别是“Women and Tradition”和“A Day in the Life of a College Student”。

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课文翻译

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课文翻译

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课文翻译1A1|人在自然界| 亚历山大?斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物;无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连;离开大自然;我们将无法生存。

2人类不仅生活在大自然之中;同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化;社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电;迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境;也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

3随着社会的发展;人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少;而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中;他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而;尽管工具不甚完备;他们却能同心协力;顽强工作;并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中;大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了;耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如;森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的;因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的;所谓“文明”;就是人类在哪里建立家园;耕耘土地;哪里的森林就被砍伐。

4然而;随着岁月的流逝;人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

5目前;人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡;已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求;即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质;也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

6现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来;这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点;他们更关注的是外表;而不是健康。

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U1人在自然界人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物,无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连,离开大自然,我们将无法生存。

人类不仅生活在大自然之中,同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化,社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电,迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境,也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

随着社会的发展,人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少,而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中,他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而,尽管工具不甚完备,他们却能同心协力,顽强工作,并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中,大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了,耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如,森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的,因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的,所谓“文明”,就是人类在哪里建立家园,耕耘土地,哪里的森林就被砍伐。

然而,随着岁月的流逝,人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

目前,人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡,已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求,即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质,也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来,这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点,他们更关注的是外表,而不是健康。

但是上了年岁之后,他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。

久而久之,这些合成物质转变成废弃物,那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。

自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题:人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗?人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。

这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系,这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量,而且要依靠全人类的力量。

解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一,就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源,以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。

但是,回到我们原先的主题上,令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难,而这种灾难也许是全球性的。

古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分:朋友们,你要是亲近大自然,大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你!U2技术与幸福20世纪的美国人、欧洲人和东亚人都享受到了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术进步带来的乐趣。

譬如,在美国,从1950年到2000年国民生产总值翻了3倍。

人们的寿命大幅度提高。

二战后生产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。

诸如乘飞机旅游和打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。

那么,根据大多数标准衡量,你会说,现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。

不过,奇怪的是,如果你问美国人有多幸福,你会发现,他们并不比1946年时幸福(1946年正式开始对幸福状况进行调查)。

事实上,那些说自己“非常幸福”的人所占的比例自20世纪70年代以来一直稳中有降——尽管20世纪40年代出生的人的收入在他们的工作生涯中平均增长了116%。

你可以在大多数发达国家找到相似的数据。

自工业革命开始以来,幸福与技术之间的关系一直是社会批评家和哲学家们长期研究的课题,然而,基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们的关注。

经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究,并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗?”的著名论文。

伊斯特林表明,就发达国家而言,一个国家的收入和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关系。

伊斯特林认为,金钱买不到幸福,至少在(金钱)达到了一定程度以后是如此。

伊斯特林认为,尽管贫穷与苦难密不可分,但是,一个国家一旦达到稳定的中产阶级水平,富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多的幸福。

这好像几乎是一种普遍现象。

实际上,研究幸福的学者们最重要的观点之一是:人们对好消息很快便习以为常。

拿彩票中奖者为例。

一项重要的研究表明,尽管买彩票中奖的人中奖时会感到非常非常幸福,可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。

一段时间之后,他们的心情和幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。

人们对待技术的态度也是一样的:无论一种新事物多么引人注目,也无论它使我们的生活变得多么舒适,人们都认为这是理所当然的事情。

在技术世界,你每天都会看到这一原则起作用。

曾经一度被视为非常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常,更糟的是,当这些东西运转不正常时,还会令人沮丧。

要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来是如此困难!那么,我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢?不,决非如此。

不论好歹,这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。

我们先从负面影响谈起。

在某些方面,技术显然使得生活更加糟糕了。

譬如,我们马上会想到电话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。

这些都是让人们明显意识到不幸福的现象。

可是,现代的技术评论文章多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上,而是集中在了技术对人际关系的影响上。

在联了网的数据库世界里,隐私变得越来越脆弱。

在许多工作场所,诸如按键监控和电话全程录音之类的技术使得对员工的监视变得更加容易。

人们对电视的攻击主要集中在以下方面:技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了社区交往。

一些人甚至说,电视是美国人逐渐相互疏远的罪魁祸首。

同样也有人认为,互联网的负面影响进一步使人远离了我们常说的“真实世界”。

这种广义上关于技术影响人际关系的批评颇有趣味,尤与幸福的问题相关,因为我们真正有把握说清楚的事情没有几件,但其中之一是:人们的朋友越多,关系越密切,就越幸福。

今天的技术变化异常神速,购买某种产品时你就知道,再过几个月,比这个产品性能更好、运作更快的款式就会问世,而你却还得使用旧款式的产品。

换句话说,别人买到的产品要比你的好。

这种失望感仿佛从开始购买这件产品时就已经存在了。

日常生活的压力,一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程度的恐惧感——这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的几个方面。

然而,技术对人们的幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健方面。

工业革命以前,每三个欧洲人就有两个的寿命不足30岁。

今天,西欧妇女的寿命差不多是80岁,而且还会继续提高。

道理很清楚:绝大多数人很乐意活下去,他们在地球上生活的时间越长,感觉就越好。

可是,不久前,绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、畜生般的生活,而且生命非常短暂。

技术改变了这种状况,至少对于富裕国家的人们来说是如此。

我们在该为医疗保健费用的提高和没有参加保险的人们的问题而担忧的同时,也应该记住,医疗技术带给我们身体上和精神上的好处是多么有价值。

从更深的层次上说,我们在健康和长寿方面所取得的进步却强调了在国家和全球层面讨论幸福问题的一个自相矛盾的说法。

即使人们不会更幸福,即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术,他们还会像以前那样渴望长寿。

这就像那个古老的笑话一样:食品也许并不好,可我们都想让自己得到的那一份尽量大。

U3知识彩虹我这辈子四分之三以上的时间(50年中有39年)是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的,不是在上学,就是在教学。

于是,你或许会认为,经过这么长一段时间,我应该了解一些情况,确实知道一些东西,对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。

可是,我却没有做到这一点。

事实上,我知道的东西越多,反倒越觉得自己无知。

当然,说自己知道的东西越多,反倒越觉得自己无知,这种说法是矛盾的。

然而,现代物理学告诉我们,现实世界本身就是矛盾的。

科学家们对物质现实世界研究得越多,就越无法对它进行把握。

在某种意义上,他们了解的越多,知道的就越少。

知识本身就是矛盾的。

打个比方,假设你的知识是一个点,就像这个句子末尾的句号一样。

请注意这个句号微小的圆周,假设它代表我们已知和未知的分界——换句话说,就是你对自己不知道的东西的认知。

但现在想象一下那个小小的句号在渐渐扩大,它的黑色部分占据页面越来越多的地方。

随着它的扩大,它的周缘也跟着扩大。

如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的知识的话,在知识增长的同时,你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。

也就是说,你知道的越多,就越觉得自己无知。

你在求知过程中肯定有过类似的经历。

起初,你甚至并不知道还有某个学科的存在。

当然,这个学科是早就存在的,只是你以前没有注意到而已。

1988年有了第一台电脑以后,我去杂志店,想找一些关于电脑操作方面的书,结果发现这类书琳琅满目,让我吃惊。

同样,当我有幸获得讲授电影分析这门课的机会时,我发现有关这个领域的专著也多得令我眼花缭乱。

假设你决定研究这一课题。

你买了一本有关这一课题的书,一本你能找到的最好也是最全面的(或是你认为是这样的)书,或许你是从图书馆借来了这本书。

但你很快就会发现,阅读这本书只会给你带来更多的问题,而不是要解答你的疑问。

譬如,今年早些时候,我非但不知道自己对技术和自由之间的关系有兴趣,甚至没有意识到这两者之间有可能存在着某种联系。

于是,我开始阅读这方面的书籍,越读越意识到技术与自由之间的关系。

一方面,比起短短的几个月之前,现在我对这个课题的了解是多了。

但另一方面,所有这些阅读让我看到了自己真正懂得的东西是多么的少,而需要阅读、思考和写作的东西又是多么的多。

每读完一本书,我总是觉得需要再读三本书,才能更好地把握这个课题。

我的思考和写作也在同时进行。

事实上,正是写作让我接触了这一课题。

我们通常认为只有那些知识渊博、充满自信的人才会从事写作。

然而,在我看来却恰恰相反。

写作并不是总结,而是拓展。

身为作家,很长一段时间我都被这个矛盾所困惑——知道的越多,越感到自己无知。

我深深领悟了道家的教诲:“知者不言,言者不知。

”我对自己该不该写作毫无把握,即使写了,也觉得自己没有资格写。

我总觉得自己应该先获得更多的知识。

我花了很长一段时间,才解除了这种矛盾对我的禁锢,最终才确信正是写作让我增长了知识,而不是知识让我有资格从事写作。

我觉得自己的作品不是文章或者专栏,而是essays,即“随笔”,essays是一个法语词,意思是“尝试”。

我不懂得真理,只是努力要找到它。

当然,我不是说我们不应该学习,或者不应该阅读、写作、思考和交谈。

我也不是说我们不应该去尝试。

永无止境的探索并非毫无希望。

我只是认为,对知识中矛盾的理解,必然会把我们从教条主义的压迫和僵化中引导出来,迈向个人的灵活和自由。

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