考研英语翻译解析
考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语 中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 （4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 （5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译scientific
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Science1.scientific [,saiən'tifik]a. 科学上的【同义词】systematic【真题例句】The scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics.（1998阅读3）参考译文：科学界如此强大以至于可以对批评者置之不理。
2.scientist ['saiəntist]n. 科学家【同义词】【真题例句】Scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted.（1999阅读5）参考译文：确切知道自己的目标和怎么实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心。
3.conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n. 良心，良知［真题例句］Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice.参考译文：心理健康普遍被称作良知、本能、智慧、常识或者内心的声音。
（2016考研英语翻译）4.conscientious[,kɔnʃi'enʃəs]a. 审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的5.conscious ['kɔnʃəs]a. (of)意识到的，自觉的；神志清醒的【同义词】aware［真题例句］Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.参考译文：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德提出了革命性的理论，即梦是我们潜意识中的欲望和恐惧经过伪装后的反映。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译o
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构：•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句：that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词：conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组：In other words 换句话说直译：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构，给复杂的新闻解析：•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点：•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构：•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句：which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句：why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词：Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组：Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译：在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节，这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。
考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解
考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解引导语：下面是店铺整理的关于考研英语长难句翻译的解题技巧和方法，大家认真看看哦!(1)长难句：there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.重点词汇：democratize uniformity discourse casualness deference■答案■1、译文：(美国社会出现)“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致，随意和尊重的缺失”，这样正是通俗文化的特点。
分析：注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分，表语实际是三个内容：the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference。
形容词短语(characteristic of popular culture)是表语的后置定语。
对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解。
2、democratize意为“民主化”，本句中意为“平民化”。
uniformity意为“相同，一致”。
since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.(自那时起，国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会。
) discourse表示书面和口头的表达，因此一般译成“话语”，语言学的说法是“语篇”。
casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。
deference意为“顺从，尊重”。
in deference to my friend and colleague dr. b-rundtland,i won‘t show those slides at this symposium.(为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重，我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。
2023考研英语一翻译真题解析
2023考研英语一翻译真题解析2023考研英语一翻译真题解析(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象说明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的将来也许会渐渐衰退。
句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 构造，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs 进展进一步的补充说明。
同位语从句中是主谓构造，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within构造是时间状语。
expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。
参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位非常稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。
(48)many countries are introducing English intothe primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并没有受到更多的鼓励去流利地掌握其他语言。
考研英语一新题型翻译解析
[A] The first published sketch "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。
从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。
sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers as it is generally known today secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars and the plump spectacled hero Samuel Pickwick became a national figure.、《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。
有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。
runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change went into his backyard and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。
考研英语历年翻译真题解析_1990-2007
英汉翻译高分攻略一.近年英译汉考题内容英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材。
体裁多为议论文。
科学常识性的题材占了相当大的比重。
1990～2004年英译汉短文主题1990年：个性形成的教育(434词)；1991年:能源与农业（444词）1992年:智力评估的科学性（406词）1993年:科学研究方法（443词）1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系（308词）1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词）1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词）1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词）2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难（339词）2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词）平均值:短文词数:370词;要求翻译的词数:160词从英译汉试题内容分析，考生就应明确认识到，要想在英语考试中取得成功，必须在基本训练上狠下工夫。
首先要扩大知识面，提高自身文化素质。
考生如果熟悉试题内容，将有助于对短文的深入理解，增强信心，提高翻译水平。
考生应利用各种渠道，特别是通过大量浏览中、英文报纸杂志，扩大相关的知识面。
二.近年英译汉考题的特点从题型改革后、特别是1996年以后的试题分析，命题组更侧重考生综合运用语言的能力，题难度加大，趋向稳定。
考题要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解，表面看上去画线的句子语法不很复杂，词汇似乎也不陌生，但翻译时很多考生觉得难以动笔，难度增大体现在:不能采用就词论词、就句子论句子的简单直译方法，而要求把词和句子放在篇章里去理解，还可强调英语习惯用法、语感和翻译技巧的掌握。
这样仅靠熟悉语法规则和孤立地背单词已远远不够了。
2022年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的平安隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A 〔However〕说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来〞，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表比照2．【答案】D 〔around〕【解析】由空格所在句的“but〞得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B 〔concept〕【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年?商业周刊?预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____〞将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念〔定义〕，而A“力量〞,C“历史〞,D “角色〞，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D 〔reverse〕【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize 〔变革〕意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不适宜，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆〞最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
〞5．【答案】C 〔slow〕能不会马上到来〞，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
考研英语翻译真题句子详细分析整理
1) home appliances //家用电器
2) result in //导致，出现
3) breakout //n.爆发，出现，发作，发生
4) disorder//n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱;失调，疾病
结构要点：
1)…so…that…结果状语从句;
2)破折号后面的kitchen rage是在解释a new psychological disorder。
或：皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
4)后面的when we…也是定语从句，修饰前面的时间名词dates。
汉译逻辑要点：
1) piece together意思是“汇集、搜集、整理”;work本义是“工作”，但是下文有researchers修饰，所以翻译为“研究人员的”“研究成果”最好。
2) produce本义是“生产、创造”，但是下文的宾语是calendar，翻译为“编制日历，编订日历”为好，或者“发明了一个日历”也行。
完整译文：
皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea //that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
最新考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案
考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。
B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。
C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。
D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。
“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。
知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。
B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。
C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。
D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。
该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。
选项D对句型理解有误。
选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。
知识模块：英译汉3． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。
考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is consideredobese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity own hospital system has bannedsugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2000——2001英语考研翻译真题与解析
2000第一段Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.第二段73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place ata vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.2000一、核心词汇注释act on*1.按……行动，奉行例：act on principles 根据原则办事2.对……起作用，影响例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析第一篇：儿童游戏及其发展原文AChildren play games for many reasons. Play helps them learn about themselves and others, develop imagination and creativity, and acquire basic intellectual and social skills. Through play, children also learn about their world.BChildren usually create their own games, but sometimes they learn games from others. They may learn games from older children or from adults. For example, a four-year-old might learn a game from a six-year-old, who in turn learned it from a ten-year-old, who learned it from an adult. Because children may learn games from many different people, games may change over time. They may be altered or mixed with other games that children know.CChildren’s games are also influenced by cultural tradi tions. For example, many games are passed down from one generation to the next. Game rules may change somewhat with time, but some games remain remarkably similar across generations and across cultural borders. Children may learngames from their parents or grandparents, from aunts or uncles, or even from cousins.译文A儿童玩游戏有许多原因。
2023年考研英语翻译真题译文
2023 年考研英语翻译真题解析Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前或许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的大事中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relationship to one another.翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive, in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television network, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.翻译：仅仅这一切就足以证明，电视行业绝非简洁生存的地方，统计数据说明，欧洲 80 个电视网络中，在 1989 年有不少于 50%患病了亏损。
2023考研英语：真题核心词组翻译解析
2023考研英语：真题核心词组翻译解析2023考研英语：真题核心词组翻译解析 Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61)Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the enviro____ent in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this pla Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Green words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”.By its very name，anthropology enpasses the study of all humankind.Social science disciplines include geography，economics，political science，psychology，and sociology.Each of thesesoical sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the parative method in analysis. (63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand，bined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science. (64)Tylor defined culture as“…that plex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. This insight，so profound in itssimplicity，opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understa nding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned，shared，and patterned behavior.(65)Thus，the anthropological conceptof“culture”，like the concept of“set”in mathematics，is an abstract concept whichmakes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.cross-cultrual perspective 跨文化的角度concrete research 详细研究subject…to…使…服从于in… manner 以…方式;用…方法seek to 力图;试图;设法bined with 加上;连同bring to 加进;使用;采用define…as… 把…定义为makes…possible 使…成为可能全文参考翻译人类无时无地不在探究他们所居住的这个世界，并且惊叹于他们所处的地方。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译s
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. More and more governments , afraid their countries will be left behind , want to spread Internet access.结构：•More and more governments [主语],•Afraid [谓语] their countries will be left behind [宾语从句] , want to spread [谓语] Internet access [宾语].单词：spread vt.传播伸展展开a.伸展的Widespread a.广泛的普遍的Access v.接近使用访问n.通道机会入口进入使用权词组：More and more 越来越...直译：越来越多的政府，担心自己的国家会落伍，从而想要发展互联网使用解析：•Afraid引导宾语从句，省略了连接词that。
•afraid和want to并列，共同使用主语More and more governments译文：由于担心自己的国家会落伍，越来越多的政府，想要拓展互联网的使用2. Within the next decade or two , one to two billion people on the plante will be neted together.结构：•Within the next decade or two [时间状语],•one to two billion people [主语] on the planet [介词短语作定语] will be neted [谓语（被动语态）]together .单词：within 在....之间Billion 十亿直译：在接下来的10到20年之间，世界上的10到20亿人将会用网连接在一起解析：•捋顺语句译文：在未来的10到20年之间，世界上将有10到20亿人被网络联在一起3. As a result , I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.结构：•As a result , I [主语] now believe [谓语]•the digital divide [主语] will narrow [谓语] rather than widen [谓语] in the years ahead [时间状语].词组：As a result 结果因此Rather than 而不是宁可...也不愿直译：因此，我现在相信数字鸿沟将会缩减而不是扩大，在一些年之后解析：•主谓主谓的结构，后一半的主谓是从句•believe引导宾语从句，省略了连接词that。
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2010.02College English研英语翻译部分是一篇400字左右组成的文章，其中包含5个划线句子，要求30分钟内准确、完整、通顺地译为汉语。
作为限时完成的测试科目，考研英语翻译难度较大，众多非英语专业考生普遍感到头疼。
本文通过对近十几年来考研英译汉真题的分析，根据其特点提出了一些解题技巧。
1.试题特点考研英语翻译的短文内容大多涉及社会生活、政治、经济、文化等题材，且体裁基本上都是议论文。
通过对最近十几年来考研英语翻译的真题分析，笔者从英汉两种语言对比的角度概括了三大特点。
1.1英语重形合句子结构严谨英语句子以形连表意连，重句法结构，主语十分重要，理解时要抓住主谓关系，否则很难理解。
尤其复合句，一定要看清主句和各分句的主谓结构。
1.2英语多被动结构英语中被动句比汉语多，尤其是科技英语。
从最近十几年的考研英译汉真题中笔者发现被动结构的出现频率相当高，2002年的5个句子中全都出现了被动结构。
1.3英语多从句，句子长且结构复杂英语通过一整套系统语法结构组合成句子，还可通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分使句子变长、变复杂。
考研英语翻译题几乎都是长而复杂的句子。
2.考生在解题中的问题笔者通过问卷调查分析，发现考生在解题时主要有以下几个方面的问题：英语基本功不扎实，理解不透；缺乏基本翻译常识，不懂翻译技巧；中文表达能力不强，意思表达不清。
在英译汉过程中，理解与表达互相联系，理解是表达的前提，表达是理解的结果。
因此可将存在的问题归为理解、表达。
2.1理解问题翻译的第一阶段是理解，理解是最关键、基本的环节。
考研英语试题句子结构都比较复杂，且很多修饰短语穿插于主要结构之间，有时还有省略，代词指代关系模糊，加之文章所谈主题、语境、语篇等因素，都会对理解造成巨大障碍。
但在以上所提的诸多因素中，句子结构应是主要矛盾。
2.2表达问题表达是指在正确理解原文的基础上，准确而通顺地再现原文思想内容。
表达过程实际上是语言加工过程。
理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果。
但是对原文的正确理解并不意味着一定会有正确的表达。
译文既要符合原文所表达的思想，又要求符合汉语的行文规范，还要重视语境，注意逻辑，避免文理不通，搭配不当，使译文生涩难懂。
3.考研英语翻译技巧下面引用历年真题，介绍一些基本的翻译技巧，使考生能看得懂，学得会，用得上。
3.1定语从句的翻译考研英语翻译解析浙江师范大学外国语学院赖慧云考笤考试专栏笤602010.02College English据统计，考研试题中定语从句出现的频率高达53%。
2003年的5道翻译题中有4道含定语从句，其中第62题包含2个定语从句；2005年有3题中出现定语从句；2006年试题中多达5个定语从句。
可见翻译好定语从句是成功的关键。
合译法将定语从句译为含“的”字结构的定语，放在先行词之前。
此法适合较短的从句。
如：Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed —and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(2005)电视是制造和传播这种感觉的媒介之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
分译法如果定语从句的结构较复杂，译成前置定语会太长，不合汉语的表达习惯。
可根据不同情况译成其他成分。
如：His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of re -vealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his deci -sion.(2006)他的职责同法官相似，即必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式展现他做决定的推理过程。
状译法英语句子之间的逻辑关系有时会隐藏在定语从句中，有些定语从句和主句关系不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词，但从逻辑上看实际上同主句的谓语或全句有关，即起状语的作用。
如：But that,Pearson points out,is only thestart of man -machine integration:“It will bethe beginning of the long process of integra -tion that will ultimately lead to a fully elec -tronic human before the end of the next centu -ry.”(2001)但皮尔森指出，这突破仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末前研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
”3.2名词性从句的翻译名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
从历年考题来看名词性从句出现的概率不高，理解起来也没有定语从句那么难。
翻译的时候，大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文即可。
这里仅举一例，旨在说明解题技巧。
There is no agreement whether methodol -ogy refers to the concepts peculiar to histori -cal work in general or to the research tech -niques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.(1999)句子的框架是There is no agreementwhether...or...，名词agreement 后紧跟whether引导的同位语从句。
全句可译为：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念还是指历史研究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
3.3状语从句的翻译状语从句可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等，通常可直接翻译。
但由于英汉两种语言在表达上的不同，仍应注意在译文中的恰当位置，有时还要按汉语习惯进行转换。
如：If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scien -tific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.(1998)笤考试专栏笤612010.02College English句中if 引导条件状语从句，as 引导方式状语从句，省略了they are 。
全句译为：假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致，就意味着又一科学理论的胜利，这种理论比大爆炸论更完美，即宇宙膨胀说。
3.4被动结构的翻译掌握被动结构的翻译技巧是成功应考的另一关键。
在英译汉时被动句需要通过种种方法加以处理，可以译成保留被动语态的汉语句子，也可译为汉语主动句，还可译为无主语的汉译主动句，以及含被动意义的汉语主动句。
总之，要保证译文通顺流畅。
如：I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solu -tion of moral problem,he has not beencharged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(2006)将被动结构has been charged with 化为主动结构“承担”。
全句译为：我将他排除，因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只是研究这些问题的事实方面。
The behavioral sciences have been slowto change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(2002)行为科学变化缓慢，部分原因是因为用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是难以找到其他解释方式。
3.5否定结构的翻译英语否定结构同样是翻译中的一个常见而又复杂的问题。
英语在用词、词法、逻辑等方面与汉语都有很大不同，有些英语否定句适合译成肯定形式的汉语，而一些肯定句又适合译成否定形式的汉语。
如：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(2006)该句应正说反译，将any more than 译作“不能指望……”全句译为：但其首要任务不是考虑支配自己行为的道德标准，正如不能指望商人献身于探索商业行为规范。
翻译测试是对考生英语综合水平的测试，翻译能力的提高不可能突击速成。
本文提出了一些翻译解题技巧，然而技巧不是万能的，也不一定适合每个人，因此更重要的是实践，在理论、技巧指导下进行有目的练习，无疑能更快更好地提高翻译应试能力。
大学英语笤考试专栏笤Better an empty house than an ill tenant.—Kelly 宁有空房一座，不愿内住恶人。
———凯利He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.—Melbancke 甘作羔羊者终将被豺狼所食。
———迈尔班克Economy is the poor man ’s mints;extravagance is the rich man ’s pitfall.—Tupper 节俭是穷人的铸币厂，浪费是富人的败家坑。