英语翻译小练习与答案

1.人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。

为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。

如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍。

People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases at any cost. If the current rate of global warming continues, big cities, such as Tokyo and London, are ten times more likely to disappear from the earth than twenty years ago.
2.和谐社会提倡整体、协调、持续发展的观念，使各方面利益得到平衡。

只要我们坚持这一科学发展观，就能避免常见于发展中国家的社会动乱和破坏自然资源的现象。

在此期间，应注意人与自然的关系，适当保护自然资源，减少污染，努力提高环境质量以实现可持续发展。

A harmonious society advocates an overall, coordinated and sustainable development concept, making the interests of different sectors balanced. So long as we follow this scientific development concept, we can get rid of social unrest and the destruction of natural resources that generally occurs in developing nations. During this period, we should pay attention to the relationship between humanity and nature, properly protect natural resources, reduce pollution and make efforts to raise the quality of the environment in order to realize sustainable development. 3. 人人都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的定义因人而异。

绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。

正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。

（2005年6月真题）
Everyone has the right to pursue happiness, yet definitions of happiness vary from person to person (or : are quite individualistic). Most people agree that happiness comes /stems/ results from good health, fulfillment of a desire and a successful career. As often happens/ As is often the case, many people don’t realize what happiness really means (the real meaning of happiness) until they are distressed.
4. 中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

一方面是生产规模不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。

这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们能实现自己的愿望。

（2007年6月真题）
The limited natural resources on which China’s sustainable development depends are declining sharply. On the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to/(result in) increased consumption of energy/(the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy). On
the other hand, production facilities/equipments that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. This forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations/our offspring so that they can fulfill their aspirations.
5.人们经常抱怨“就医难，学费贵”，可另一个值得注意的问题是大学毕业生就业难。

硕士生找工作再不像十年前那么容易。

由于日趋激烈的职位竞争，学习成绩好和专业知识强并不一定变成理想的工作。

教育主管部门一直在寻求各种手段创造更多的就业机会。

（2006-6）There are many complaints about the inaccessibility of medical care and high tuitions. However, another thing that deserves attention is the difficulty of college graduates in getting employed. Those with master’s degrees can no longer find a job as easily as they did ten years ago. Because of the increasingly intense competition for a position, academic excellence and proficient expertise will not necessarily be translated into an ideal job. Education authorities have been seeking ways to create more opportunities of employment.
6. The number of people vulnerable to floods around the world is expected to rise to at least two
billion by 2050, particularly in Asia, due to climate change and population growth. The causes are extreme weather that develops as the climate changes, rising sea levels, continuing deforestation and a rise of the number of people working in flood-prone areas as the population increases. Most at risk is Asia, where more than 400 million people have been exposed to floods each year on average over the last two decades. Floods already kill as many as 25,000 people a year, and --- along with other weather-related disasters --- cost the world economy up to $ 60 billion a year, much of it in developing nations ill-equipped to cope with such huge costs. Most urgently needed to adapt to the growing risk of flood disasters is global capacity to monitor and forecast extreme events. Armed with better information, superior early warning systems and infrastructure can be installed and new planning strategies devised.
由于气候变化和人口增长，预计到2050年，全球易受洪水侵袭的人口将至少增至20亿。

其原因在于随着天气的变化出现极端天气，海平面上升，不断的乱砍滥伐，以及随着人口增长在洪水多发区工作的人数不断增加。

亚洲的处境最为危险。

近20年来这一地区平均每年有4亿多人遭受洪水侵害。

洪灾已经导致每年多达2.5万人丧生，加之与天气有关的其他灾害，每年给世界经济造成高达600亿美元的损失，而其中大部分发生在设施不完善，不足以应付这样巨大损失的发展中国家。

为了应对不断增长的洪涝灾害，最为急需的是加强全球监控和预测极端事件的能力。

有了更好的信息情报，就可以建立更优越的早期预警系统和基础设施，并制定出新的预防计划。

7. Over the past two decades, China has achieved exceptionally rapid economic growth. But this success has not been evenly spread across all regions. Coastal regions have developed faster, while inland areas have been left behind. Chinese government is now moving to fix this gap by staging an ambitious economic and social development campaign in the west region. Attracting more talent, promoting local education and strengthening job training in these areas have ranked high on the priority list.
在过去的二十年中，中国经济突飞猛进地增长。

但是这一发展在地区上是不均衡的。

沿海地区发展快些，内陆地区则比较落后。

现在中国政府正筹划一项大胆的西部经济社会发展计划来消除这一差别。

吸引更多的人才，促进西部教育发展，加强该地区的职业培训等项目被排在该计划的首位。

8. Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.(2005年1月)
人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，所以戒烟主要是意志力的问题，而不是个人选择的问题（与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题）。

虽然就医和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好方法是一开始就不吸烟。

吸烟带来的不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。

本报告挑战了一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。

我们希望劝说人们不要染上此常见但又致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅减少。