外文翻译--在核聚变实验中的远程控制仿真平台

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外文翻译+原文

外文翻译+原文

MATALAB 混合仿真平台控制算法的概述MATALB混合仿真平台,即为将硬件引入到仿真回路里的半实物仿真系统,可用于过程控制器的开发与测试。

平台提供了三种控制器的嵌入方法,尤其能用Matlab 语言编写,大大提高了平台的灵活性。

为了建立过程控制混合仿真试验系统,必须解决PC 机作为虚拟控制器设计环境的实现和在Windows 操作系统中实时控制的实现这两个问题。

我们先详细阐述过程控制混合仿真试验系统的实现原理;最后介绍平台控制算法的嵌入方法,并通过实验仿真验证平台的有效性。

过程控制混合仿真平台实现原理:(1)数值计算,MATLAB提供了大约600多个数学和工程上常用的函数。

这些函数的数值运算是针对矩阵操作优化过的,可以使用它来代替底层编程语言。

在保持同样性能的情况下,编程工作量非常小,数值计算采用了LAPACK,BLAS,FFTW等优秀数学函数库,使得计算效率得到进一步的提升。

MATLAB 包含的主要数学函数有线性代数和矩阵运算、傅立叶变换和统计分析、微分方程求解、稀疏矩阵运算以及三角和其他初等数学运算等;除此之外,随着Matlab的应用领域不断的扩大,补充了用于许多特定领域的函数。

(2)算法开发,强大的计算能力,方便易用的编程语言和丰富的数学函数使MATLAB最适于用于算法开发工作。

典型的应用包括:数据分析,信号处理,图像处理,系统建模和高级算法研究等。

不管用户是使用已有的算法,还是自行开发,MATLAB提供了一个通用的平台。

使用MATLAB进行算法开发就像平时书写数学表达式一样。

将用户在MATLAB 中开发的算法结合到外部运行的系统中。

一旦用户的算法和仿真经过了编写和调试,MATLAB Compiler和C/C++ Math Library 会将MATLAB应用自动转换成可移植C 和C++代码的工具。

对于信号处理,控制系统设计和其他一些应用,MATLAB工具箱提供了一系列先进的技术。

工具箱远远超出了提供一些基本算法的范畴:他们提供了一个学习,研究,创新前沿理论和技术的舞台。

中文版ExploringChemistrywithElectronicStructureMethos

中文版ExploringChemistrywithElectronicStructureMethos
中文版Exploring-Chemist ry- w i t h - Electron i c -Structure-Methos-
———————————————————————————————— 作者: ———————————————————————————————— 日期:
Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure M ethod
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频率计算的输入 ...................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 频率和强度‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 矫正因子和零点能。‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 简正模式‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 热力学 ...................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 零点能(Zero Point Energy)和内能(Thermal Energy)错误!未定义书签。 极化率和超极化率 .................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 4.2 表征稳定点‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 下面列出了需要描述稳定点时必须考虑的问题‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 第五章 基组的影响........................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 5.1 最小基组‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 5.2 分裂基组‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 5.3 极化基组 .................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 5.4 弥散函数(Diffuse Functions)‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 5.5 高角动量基组22‫ﻩ‬ 5.6 第三周期以后的原子的基组‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 第六章 选择合适的理论模型‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 6.1使用半经验方法 ......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 半经验方法的局限性 .............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 6.2 电子相关和后 SCF 方法............................................................错误!未定义书签。 Hartree-Fock 理论的限制‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 MPn方法‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 6.3 耦合簇(Coupled CLuster)和二次结构相关(Quadratic Configura tionInteraction)方法................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。 密度泛函方法 .......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 6.4 资源的使用‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 第七章 高精度能量模型................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 7.1 预测热化学 ................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。 原子化能‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 电子亲和势 .............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 离子化能‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 质子亲和能‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 7.2 理论模型的评价‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。 7.3 G2 分子基(Molecule Set)以及缺陷及对缺陷的解释‫ﻩ‬错误!未定义书签。

JUMO dTRAN S 压力传感器说明书

JUMO dTRAN S 压力传感器说明书

Data S heet 402051Page 1/3 JUMO dTRAN S p32Pre ss ure Tran s mitterG eneral applicationPressure transmitters are used for measuring relative (gauge) pressures in dry, non-corro-sive and non-ionizing gaseous media. The transmitter operates on the piezoresistive mea-suring principle. The pressure is converted into an electrical signal.Technical dataReference condition sto DIN 16086 and IEC 770/5.3Mea s urement range ssee Order detailsOverload limit4 x full scaleBur s ting pre ss ure8 x full scalePart s in contact with mediumSi, borosilicate glass, silicone, Au,CrNi steelOutput0—20mA3-wire burden ≤ (U B-12V) / 0.02A 4—20mA2-wire burden ≤ (U B-10V) / 0.02A 4—20mA3-wire burden ≤ (U B-12V) / 0.02A 0.5—4.5V burden ≥ 50kΩ1—6V burden ≥ 10kΩ0—10V burden ≥ 10kΩBurden error< 0.5% max.Zero s ignal deviation≤ 0.4% of full scaleThermal hy s tere s i s(within compensated temperature range)≤± 2%Ambient temperature errorwithin range 0to+100°C (compensated temperature range) zero:≤ 0.03%/°C typical,≤ 0.05%/°C max.span:≤ 0.02%/°C typical,≤ 0.04%/°C max. Deviation from characteri s tic≤ 0.5% of full scale(limit setting)Hy s tere s i s≤ 0.1% of full scaleRepeatability≤ 0.05% of full scaleS ettling timefor current output (output 402, 405 or 406):≤ 3msec max.for voltage output (output 412, 415,418 or 420):≤ 10msec max.S tability over 1 year≤ 1% of full scaleS upply10—30V DC(output 4—20mA and1—6V)5V DC (output0.5—4.5V)11.5—30V DC(output 0—10V)11.5—30V DC(output 0(4)—20mA)Ripple:The voltage spikes must not go outside thelimits specified for the supply.Max. current drawn: approx. 25mAS upply voltage error≤ 0.02%per V(nominal supply voltage 24V DC)ratiometric with supply voltage 5V DC(±0.5V)Permi ss ible ambient temperature-20to+100°CS torage temperature-40to+125°CPermi ss ible temperature of medium-30to+120°CElectromagnetic compatibilityEN 61 326interference emission:Class Binterference immunity:to industrialrequirementsMechanical s hoc k(to IEC 68-2-27)100g/1msecMechanical vibration(to IEC 68-2-6)20g max. at 15—2000HzProtectionwith terminal boxIP65 to EN 60529(connection cable diameter:5mm min., 7mm max.)with connection cableIP67 to EN 60529Hou s ingstainless steel, Mat. Ref. 1.4301polycarbonate GFPre ss ure connectionsee Order details;other connections on requestElectrical connectionsee Order detailsterminal box to DIN 43650,Style A,conductor cross-section up to 1.5mm2;orattached 4-core PVC cable, 2m longother lengths on requestNominal po s itionunrestrictedWeight200gmData S heet 40.2051Page 2/3Dimen s ion sElectrical connectionCaution:Earth the instrument!(pressure connection and / oror screenConnectionTerminalsConnector Cable Supply10—30V DC 11.5—30V DC 5V DC 1 L+2 L-white grayOutput 1—6V 0—10V 0.5—4.5V2 -3 +gray yellowOutput 4—20mA, 2-wire1 +2 -white grayproportional 4 to 20mA currentin supplyOutput 0(4)—20mA, 3-wire2 -3 +gray yellowProtective earth conductorScreenblackData S heet 40.2051Page 3/3Order detail sBa s ic type402051Pressure transmitter JUMO dTRANS p32I Ba s ic type e x ten s ionI/000noneI/034Sensor mit GelvorlageI/999special versionI I InputI I4110 40 mbar gauge pressureI I4130 60 mbar gauge pressureI I4140 100 mbar gauge pressureI I4150 160 mbar gauge pressureI I4510 0.25 bar gauge pressureI I4520 0.4 bar gauge pressureI I4530 0.6 bar gauge pressureI I999special gauge pressure rangeI I I OutputI I I4020 to 20mA 3-wireI I I405 4 to 20mA 2-wireI I I406 4 to 20mA 3-wireI I I4120.5 to 4.5V 3-wireI I I4150 to 10V 3-wireI I I418 1 to 5V 3-wireI I I420 1 to 6V 3-wireI I I I Proce ss connection (not front-flu s h)I I I I501pressure connection G 1/8 to EN 837I I I I502pressure connection G 1/4 to EN 837I I I I504pressure connection G 1/2 to EN 837 (standard connection)I I I I510pressure connection 1/8-27 NPT to DIN 837I I I I511pressure connection 1/4-18 NPT to DIN 837I I I I692 6 mm hose connectionI I I I Material of proce ss connectionI I I I I20stainless steelI I I I I I Electrical connectionI I I I I I12by attached cable (cable length in plain text)I I I I I I36by circular connector M12 x 1I I I I I I61by terminal boxI I I I I I I402051/----20-Order code。

我的愿望 可控核聚变英语作文

我的愿望 可控核聚变英语作文

我的愿望可控核聚变英语作文English:My biggest wish is to see the development of controllable nuclear fusion technology in my lifetime. This revolutionary form of energy production has the potential to provide a clean, abundant, and sustainable source of power for the world. The ability to harness the power of the sun and stars here on Earth would completely transform our energy landscape, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating the effects of climate change. The advancements being made in fusion research are incredibly exciting, with projects like ITER and SPARC getting closer to achieving practical fusion energy. I dream of a future where fusion power plants are a reality, providing clean energy to communities around the globe, and ushering in a new era of sustainable development. It is my hope that through continued research and investment, we can overcome the technical challenges and make controlled nuclear fusion a viable energy solution for generations to come.中文翻译:我最大的愿望是在我的有生之年看到可控核聚变技术的发展。

基于Visio的核电仪控设计出图仿真工具的开发

基于Visio的核电仪控设计出图仿真工具的开发

绘图软件Visio 是目前核电仪控系统设计阶段绘制控制逻辑图的主要工具。

若要对设计绘制出的Visio 图进行逻辑组态功能调试验证,通常需交付相关仿真平台(如RINSIM [1]等系统)。

通过这些工业级别的仿真平台对仪控系统进行组态验证分析这一过程十分复杂,要经过图形转换、数据库加点、连接数学模型、开发通信程序等步骤,过程繁琐,无法满足快速验证局部系统正确性、灵活修改系统参数的要求。

本文结合核电仪控设计在出图前能对系统局部仿真以验证系统功能的实际需求,基于Visio 的Automation 技术实现了Visio 界面与后台程序之间的数据交互,开发Visio 软件出图的仿真功能,为设计阶段快速出图、即时仿真提供了新工具。

1Visio 二次开发Visio 的二次开发能力也称为Automation ,是基于COM (组件对象模型)的一种不同程序相互集成的技术[2]。

它允许开发人员使用VB 、C 、C ++等支持Automation 的编程语言编写程序嵌入到Visio 软件中,也允许将Visio 作为图形引擎,嵌入到外部软件中,从而缩短开发周期。

开发人员可以通过创建Visio 加载项(Add -on )的方式扩展Visio 的功能,这种机制可以通过以下两种方法来实现:①使用C /C++等语言编写VSL 代码并编译成.vsl 文件;②使用任意可创建.exe 自动化客户端的语言编写代码并生成独立的可执行文件。

其中,VSL 实际上就是Visio 专用的一种动态链接库(DLL )[2]。

当Visio 在文件路径或启动项中搜索到.vsl 环境配置文件时,会自动将该文件加载到Visio 实例的进程空间中,因此.vsl 文件在Visio 进程内运行,而.exe 文件在Visio 进程外独立运行,这也是两种Add-on 加载项实现方法的最根本的区别。

本文采用VSL 方法对Visio 软件进行二次开发,具有扩展性强、交互能力强和运行效率高等优点。

mit bevfusion 原理讲解

mit bevfusion 原理讲解

mit bevfusion 原理讲解MIT核聚变是一种实现可控核聚变的技术,被认为是未来清洁能源的重要解决方案之一。

在MIT核聚变实验室中,研究人员正在开发一种新型的核聚变装置,称为MIT BevFusion。

本文将介绍MIT BevFusion的原理和工作原理。

MIT BevFusion的原理基于磁约束聚变技术,该技术利用强磁场将等离子体困在一个狭窄的空间中,以便控制并维持高温和高密度。

这种磁约束聚变技术是目前实现核聚变的主要方法之一。

MIT BevFusion的关键部分是磁约束器,它由一组磁铁组成,可产生强大的磁场。

这个磁场可以将等离子体困在中心区域,使其保持稳定。

与其他核聚变装置相比,MIT BevFusion的磁约束器更加紧凑和高效。

在MIT BevFusion中,研究人员使用了一种称为Bevatron的加速器来加热和压缩等离子体。

Bevatron通过加速带电粒子,使其具有足够的能量来触发核聚变反应。

这种加速器的设计使得加热和压缩等离子体变得更加高效和精确。

为了实现核聚变反应,研究人员需要将等离子体加热到极高的温度,以使原子核具有足够的能量来克服库仑斥力并发生聚变。

MIT BevFusion使用的加热方法是通过加速带电粒子来实现的。

这些带电粒子与等离子体发生碰撞,将其能量传递给等离子体,使其温度升高。

与其他核聚变装置相比,MIT BevFusion具有几个显著的优势。

首先,由于其紧凑和高效的设计,MIT BevFusion可以更容易地实现可控核聚变的条件。

其次,MIT BevFusion使用的加热方法更加高效,可以更快地将等离子体加热到所需的温度。

最后,MIT BevFusion的磁约束器设计更加稳定和可靠,可以更好地控制等离子体的位置和形状。

尽管MIT BevFusion在核聚变技术的发展中取得了重要进展,但仍面临一些挑战。

首先,实现可控核聚变仍然是一个巨大的工程挑战,需要解决许多技术问题。

最新LMS Virtual.Lab流体声学解决方案

最新LMS Virtual.Lab流体声学解决方案

还在不断发展,目前不适用于工程问题
Copyright LMS International 2009
b AeroAcoustics - Slide 12
声拟理论的介绍
Flow field
计算气动声学的诞生 => James Lighthill
1952 : “On Sound Generated Aerodynamically I”, Proc. Royal Society of London, Series A211
LMS b流体声学解决方案
唐浩 博士 LMS China
25 年的工程革新技术与服务 振动噪声工程市场和技术的领跑者
试验模态分析
多通道 计算机辅助测试系统
集成测试实验室 LMS b
LMS Invents …
5 people 100 people 200 people
Copyright LMS International 2009
b AeroAcoustics - Slide 18
三种计算方法的优劣势比较
快速计算
结构反射与 散射效应
声场对流场的反 作用
吸声材料的 影响
流致结构振 动产生的噪 声
计算气动声学方法
CFD内置的声学模型
CFD+b解决方案
各种声拟理论介绍
自由射流: Lighthill理论
isentropic High Re
Quadrupole
固定壁面: Curle理论
Quadrupole, W M 8
Dipole, W M 6
旋转壁面: FW-H理论
Convected quadrupole
Convected dipole

SynopsysSentaurusprocess工具介绍

SynopsysSentaurusprocess工具介绍

“可制造性设计”似乎是一个新的词汇。

所谓“可制造性设计”其英文缩写为DFMdesign-for-manufacturability。

事实上。

我们这部书所讨论的主题就是“可制造性设计”。

前面若干章节所讲授的虽然是基于一维的集成电路制造工艺级仿真相对简单一些。

但是也属于工艺级可制造性设计的技术范畴和科学领域。

将重点介绍当今全球最为著名的IC设计软件开发商美国新思科技SynopsysInc.最新发布的新一代TCAD系列设计工具中的新一代集成电路工艺级仿真工具SentaurusProcess注TCAD 系列工具还包括器件物理特性级模拟系统SentaurusDevice及虚拟化加工与制造系统SentaurusWorkbench。

§1 Sentaurus Process工艺级仿真工具SentaurusProcess是SynopsysInc.最新推出的新一代TCAD工艺级仿真工具被业界誉为第五代集成电路制程级仿真软件是当前最为先进的纳米级集成工艺仿真工具。

SentaurusProcess是迄今为止集成电路制程级仿真软体中最为全面、最为灵活的多维一维、二维、三维工艺级仿真工具。

SentaurusProcess面向当代纳米级集成电路工艺制程全面支持小尺寸效应的仿真与模拟用于实现甚大规模ULSI集成电路的工艺级虚拟设计可显著地缩短集成电路制造工艺级设计、工艺级优化乃至晶圆芯片级产品的开发周期。

SentaurusProcess为国际化的大型工程化计算机仿真系统有Unix版本及Linux版本供用户选用。

对于中国内地用户SentaurusProcess的用户许可授权及安装均由SynopsysInc.中国分支机构北京新思科技、上海新思科技等提供优质的技术支持和服务。

SentaurusProcess仿真系统设置有两种启动方式。

一种是交互启动及运行模式另一种是批处理启动及运行模式。

根据用户的使用需要若要在交互模式下启动SentaurusProcess可以在已安装有SentaurusProcess并启动了该系统的license软件使用许可程序的PC计算机若使用的是SentaurusProcess的Linux版本或计算机工作站若使用的是SentaurusProcess的Unix版本命令行提示符下输入以下命令sprocess§1-2 创建Sentaurus Process批处理卡命令文件编辑SentaurusProcess批处理卡命令文件可使用Unix或Linux操作系统环境下的各类文本编辑器、例如gedit文本编辑器编辑完成。

红警发现核聚变打击的英语作文

红警发现核聚变打击的英语作文

红警发现核聚变打击的英语作文The world has always been a complex and ever-changing place, where the pursuit of power and dominance is a constant driving force. In this ever-evolving landscape, the emergence of advanced military technologies has become a crucial factor in the global power dynamics. One such technology that has captured the attention of military strategists and the public alike is the concept of nuclear fusion as a weapon of mass destruction.The Red Alert, a highly classified military intelligence organization, has long been at the forefront of studying and understanding the implications of this devastating technology. Through their tireless efforts, they have uncovered a startling revelation – the existence of a nuclear fusion-based strike capability that could potentially reshape the balance of power on a global scale.The principles behind nuclear fusion are well-known – the process of fusing light atomic nuclei to create heavier ones, releasing an immense amount of energy in the process. This energy can be harnessed for peaceful purposes, such as the generation of clean andsustainable electricity. However, in the hands of those with malicious intent, this same process can be weaponized, leading to the development of fusion-based warheads that dwarf the destructive power of traditional nuclear weapons.The Red Alert's investigations have revealed that certain rogue nations and terrorist organizations have been actively pursuing the development of these fusion-based strike capabilities. The implications are staggering – a single fusion-based warhead could level an entire city, leaving behind a trail of devastation and destruction that would echo through the ages. The sheer scale of the potential damage is enough to send shockwaves through the international community.What makes the fusion-based strike capability even more alarming is the relative ease with which it can be developed, compared to the complex and resource-intensive process of building traditional nuclear weapons. The required materials and technological expertise are more readily available, making it a more accessible option for those seeking to acquire weapons of mass destruction.The Red Alert's findings have sparked a flurry of activity within the global intelligence community. Governments around the world have scrambled to bolster their defenses, seeking to develop countermeasures and early warning systems that could potentiallythwart such a devastating attack. The race to stay ahead of the curve has become a high-stakes game, with the future of entire nations hanging in the balance.Yet, the challenge lies not only in the development of effective deterrents but also in the delicate diplomatic balancing act required to prevent the proliferation of this technology. The Red Alert has recognized that a collaborative, international approach is essential in addressing this threat, as no single nation can shoulder the burden alone.Efforts are underway to establish robust international frameworks and treaties that would strictly regulate the research, development, and use of fusion-based weapons. The goal is to create a global consensus that would effectively curb the ambitions of those seeking to harness this power for nefarious purposes.However, the path forward is fraught with obstacles. Geopolitical tensions, conflicting national interests, and the ever-present risk of espionage and sabotage threaten to undermine these efforts. The Red Alert's operatives have been working tirelessly to navigate these treacherous waters, forging alliances and gathering intelligence that could prove crucial in the fight to prevent a global catastrophe.As the world holds its collective breath, the Red Alert continues itsvigilant watch, ever-alert to the slightest hint of a fusion-based strike capability emerging from the shadows. The stakes have never been higher, and the consequences of failure are unthinkable. The future of humanity hangs in the balance, and the Red Alert is the last line of defense against the looming threat of nuclear fusion as a weapon of mass destruction.。

Everlab云端实验室模块功能介绍武汉理工分享~

Everlab云端实验室模块功能介绍武汉理工分享~

Everlab云端实验室模块功能介绍Everlab云端实验室是一款国内领先的集实验室、实验设备与社交于一体的互动网络平台。

从医学、药学、生物化学、化学实验、高分子材料、分子生物学相关领域方面入手,真正解决科研机构及学生在实践论文中碰到的各类难题.一是实验记录(Everlab-Note),将实验进程中教师学生需要记录的东西电子化,不仅让记录加倍清楚,也能够保留修改痕迹,同时有严格保密机制,非查看权限的成员无法查看;二是实验方式(Everlab-Protocol),一个线上的实验方式库,包括教师学生在实验进程中积存的一些实验方式和引进的一些实验方式,也是对实验室聪慧的一种积存和传承;三是实验室治理(Everlab-E3)【核心模块】,包括流程、仪器、人员、物料等方面的治理,比如在物料的治理上,入库出库都有电子记录,反映真实库存;每一笔的消耗都有记录,并与实验记录相关联,保证物料真正用于科研;四是采购助手(Everlab-Protocol),给实验室人员提供仪器、耗材的展现,包括规格、成份、利用方式等。

=====================================================比较详细功能介绍:一是实验记录(Everlab-Note):Everlab-Note云端实验记录平台帮忙科研人员成立电子化的实验记录,确保实验记录真实、靠得住、及时和标准,并轻松实现实验信息存储。

我的记录本,平安、便利,云端永久保留!电子化搜索功能,让实验记录的查找变得加倍容易。

实验记录历史回放功能,让实验记录有据可查。

实验记录存模板,便于相同实验直接引用模板来记录。

实验记录批注功能,让导师及时指导学生的实验方向。

实验记录导出功能,让记录的存储加倍多元化,便于治理。

实验记录打印功能,使传统的纸质记录加倍省时省力。

实验模板,让简便、标准的实验记录触手可及!总有一篇推荐模板是你需要的实验记录素材。

实验室模板让每一个实验室的实验记录风格统一,标准易用。

Multiwave 5000 微波化学反应平台说明书

Multiwave 5000 微波化学反应平台说明书

微波化学反应平台Multiwave 5000Product name选择方法装入转子开始运行 - 甚至可以远程运行您的样品可能很复杂 – 但它对MULTIWAVE 5000 来说却很简单。

省时:全自动开门装置以及高效冷却技术采用独特的全自动开门装置,轻轻一推即开。

用肘部就可推开 - 无需把容器或转子放在一边去开门。

集成高性能风冷系统,具有独特的气道冷却设计(专利号:US5345066),可在加热结束后的数分钟内冷却反应罐。

此优化冷却可确保缩短处理时间,同时延长了关键组件的使用寿命。

先进的消解管和传感器技术可获得可靠的消解效果由于在每个反应罐进行了温度控制,并采用同时消解不同类型样品的几种控制策略,可保证全面控制反应过程。

智能控压技术通过检测 NOx 气体来识别排气过程,从而增强了防腐保护。

智能操作系统:启动方法简单易行可根据需要配置主屏幕:在主屏幕上定义方法、菜单链接或视频手册的快捷方式,形成您自己的 Multiwave 5000 。

智能灯光技术:可显示运行状态智能灯光(SmartLight)的颜色和模式根据仪器状态以及实验状态(正在进行、完成或待机)而变化。

无需从办公桌冲到 Multiwave 5000 跟前查看是否运行完成,只需路过时看一眼即可。

智能链接技术:与 Multiwave 5000 建立联系,有效利用您的时间智能链接(SmartLink)将 Multiwave 5000 连接到您的个人电脑、笔记本电脑、平板电脑或手机上,让您可以远程监控和操作实验。

无论您在实验室还是在路上,自动通知都能让您随时了解情况。

Multiwave 5000:最简单易用的微波系统无需工具即可完成消解罐的操作手动即可快速完成 Multiwave 5000 转子、消解罐和传感器的开启和密封。

这种无需工具的独特处理方法简化了频繁重复的工作步骤,节省了宝贵的时间。

在所有情况下确保最佳安全Multiwave 5000 配备多项主动和被动安全功能:自检,软件连锁和再密封安全门。

最新LMS Virtual.Lab流体声学解决方案

最新LMS Virtual.Lab流体声学解决方案

计算稳定后进行采样,输出可以是压力或速度脉动
Copyright LMS International 2009
Wave propagation is modified by flow
Turbulent Flow Structural vibrations 流体压力脉动结构的振动与噪声: - 湍流导致的压力脉动结构负载 - 结构振动噪声辐射 - 案例: 飞机蒙皮气动噪声,高速列车门窗传声,… Structure-borne noise 流动噪声: Turbulent Flow Flow flucturations - 湍流引起的压力或速度脉动直接噪声源 - 可等效为理论声源(偶极子、四级子) - 案例: 风扇噪声、管路噪声、受电弓噪声、起落架噪 声…
驱动通用有限元求解器: Nastran、Ansys、Abaqus etc 边界元
有限元
统计能 量法
声线法
边界元 纯声学分析 有限元
低频
高频
内容介绍
I – 流动噪声—背景介绍 II – 流动噪声的各种计算方法 III – LMS b流动噪声解决方案 IV – 流动噪声应用案例 V – 结论
各种声拟理论介绍
自由射流: Lighthill理论
isentropic High Re
Quadrupole
固定壁面: Curle理论
Quadrupole, W M 8
Dipole, W M 6
旋转壁面: FW-H理论
Convected quadrupole
Convected dipole
Copyright LMS International 2009
b AeroAcoustics - Slide 20

ATK-VNL 2013.8 原子级模拟平台用户手册说明书

ATK-VNL 2013.8 原子级模拟平台用户手册说明书

ATK-VNL 2013.8ATK-VNL is a leading industry-proven platform for atomic-scale modeling ofmaterials, nanostructures, and nanoelectronic devices. It includes quantum mechanical methods such as density functional theory (DFT) with either LCAO or plane-wave basis sets and semi-empirical models, simulation engine for atomic-scale simulations using classical potentials, module for nanoscale device and transport simulations using non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) methodology. ATK-VNL combines the power of a Python scripting engine with the ease-of-use provided by an intuitive graphical user interface, Virtual NanoLab. All simulation engines share a common infrastructure for analysis, ion dynamics and parallel performance techniques.New Interface | Introducing Projects and the LabFloor►Group your files into projects►Easier and more transparent access to objects in NetCDF files►Complete overview of all files and data within a project on the LabFloor►Combine data sets from different files for analysis►The Builder “stash” is now persistent across sessions - and separate for different projects►But - if you like the old interface, you can also make ATK 13.8 look like 12.8 and still benefit from all the new features.►This is also handy for quickly navigating around your directory structure to locate a file.►Transmission Analyzer - investigate specific transmission spectra in more detail. Calculate transmissioneigenvalues and eigenstates interactively.►Enhanced band structure analyzer - e.g. measure band gaps.►Plotting tool for 3D grids projected to 1D►Defined by plugins - expect more, and write your own!IV Curves►Easily set up, compute, and and plot I-V curves►Investigate the transmission spectra behind the calculation.►The dynamical view in the I-V plot plugin allows you to symmetrize the curve.►Click a voltage point to highlight the transmission spectrum.Phonon Calculations►Phonon band structure and density of states for bulk materials, nanowires, nanotubes, graphene, etc.►Study thermal transport - compute the phonon transmission spectrum and calculate the Seebeck and other thermal coefficients►Parallelized with near-linear scaling up to 3N nodes (N=the number of atoms)Noncollinear Spin►Available for both electronic structure and transport calculations►Specially developed novel methods for improved convergence, using a collinear initial stateCrystal Builder►Build crystals from scratch, using Wyckoff positions►Strukturbericht templates►Symmetry recognition (spglib) - plugin the BuilderNew 3D Viewer►Improved performance for trajectory movies and large structures►Control atom color, radius etc individually►Set background color, control lighting in detail►Set atom properties by properties, like radius by Mulliken population or color by effective potential or forces (requires plugins)►Better support for old graphics drivers - performance may suffer, but at least VNL starts up properly.►Easy export of images from the Builder and Viewer in various bitmap formats.►There is also an update to the POVRay plugin for generating ray-traced imagesDoped Systems►Doping can also be introduced in the central region (earlier it was only possible to do for the electrodes) via so-called compensation charges. This allows for simulations of a wide variety of semiconductor devices, like p-n junctions, p-i-n doped Si nanowires, etc, without the need to introduce explicit dopant atoms.►Doping charge can now be set in Scripter; the compensation.►Improved convergence of doped device systems.Molecular Dynamics►Large set of Tersoff potentials from Tremolo-X►Pre/post step hooks for customized on-the-fly analysis or time-dependent modifications of the structure (to make a stress/strain curve, for instance)►NVT, NPT, NVTBerendsen, NPTBerendsen, Velocity VerletPlane Wave Method: ABINIT►Shipped with ATK 13.8 - both for Linux and Windows, with support for MPI parallelization►Fully integrated with the ATK Python scripting language for total energy, NEB, geometry optimization and band structure calculations►Other customized ABINIT tasks can be scripted tooMethod Improvements►ATK-SemiEmpirical●All models now available in fully nonself-consistent and selfconsistent form●Performance enhancements►New shell-wise Hubbard +U model►Counterpoise correction to compensate for the basis set superposition error (BSSE). Use this when optimizing molecules on surfaces etc to get high accuracy.►Grimme’s DFT-D2 semi-empirical model for van der Waals interactions, both forces and stress; parameters for most elements up to Xe►Multigrid method●Added support for non-orthogonal cells●Performance improvementsSmaller Changes, Improvements and Additions►The keyword grid_mesh_cutoff for NumericalAccuracyParameters has been renamed to density_mesh_cutoff which is more correct conceptually. The old keyword is still accepted for backwards compatibility.►It is now possible to save arbitrary numpy arrays in NC files. This is very handy when you have computed some results - possibly in a time-consuming post-processing step - and want to store them for later plotting etc.►Several small improvements to the Interface Builder, like a small inaccuracy in the positions of plot points in the surface cell picker, shift in Z kept consistent when adding layers, and the default suggestion for the surface cell is now really the smallest cell.►Device from Bulk - algorithmic improvements and new presentation of electrode Z-length choices.►A few performance improvements related to MD simulations and other cases where a copy is needed of aconfiguration.►Unit cells and coordinates are now slightly rounded to avoid 0 being represented as 1e-17 in generated scripts.►No question anymore for permission to overwrite existing NC files - ATK doesn’t actually overwrite existing NC files, it just appends to them (normally, at least - unless you use an object ID already present in the file).►Memory Usage button in the Script Generator to provide an estimate of the required memory for a calculation.Can also be inserted in a script, since the estimate can take some time. See the dedicated tutorial for moredetails.►Transmission spectrum is now always identically zero for energies where there are no propagating states. This means you can trust that a small but non-zero value is not just numerical noise but actually indicates finite but small transmission.►Clearer which stash items you are about to delete.►Possibility to make the stash panel in the Builder larger.►The scipy package is now part of ATK.►Clearer error messages in cases where licenses (trial or usual ones) have expired.Serious Bugs Fixed (Which Could Give Incorrect Results in Calculations!)►The wrong set of k-points for hexagonal (and other) lattices were generated by the symmetry recognitionroutines in ATK in some cases, which could result in incorrect results for the density of states. In 13.8.1 thisis solved by not using symmetries at all - this makes the calculations take a bit longer of course. In 14.2 thecorrect symmetry points will be used.►The Cleaver was unable to cleave for instance base-centered orthorhombic crystals correctly. Also, there were issues when you manually rotated the cell - even if you chose an “electrode” cell, C was not perpendicular to the AB plane always.►The dynamical matrix calculation now employs the acoustic sum rule and symmetries to avoid negativefrequencies.►A degeneracy factor was missing for the entropy of phonon DOS.►The function sortCoordinates (used e.g. in the “Coordinate list” plugin) would fail for systems with many atoms, leaving the atoms unsorted. This was especially a problem for large devices which rely on this sorting for the central region to reduce memory usage (and indeed construct the device using “Device from Bulk”).►A Bohr/Angstrom mixup in QuantumEspresso import caused incorrect structures if the input file was specified in Bohr.►Errors with Tersoff potentials for III-V alloys (Tersoff_GaAs_2002, Tersoff_GaAs_2011 and Tersoff_InGaAs_2000) have been corrected (the errors are actually in the original references themselves). Additions & Improvements►LDOS for ATK-SE has been implemented.►Thermal transport coefficients can now be plotted as a function of the Fermi level (image to the right)►ElectrodeValidator function - new way to find proper electrode sizes (will be presented in the new ATK device tutorial)►Adding more information to the About box, to help diagnose OpenGL issues. Also possible to email theinformation directly to QuantumWise.►ElectronDifferenceDensity now calculates all spin components.►All files are unchecked by default in new projects, to avoid a large new project taking very long time to load.►The dynamical matrix is no longer recalculated for devices each time - now it will be reused if it has alreadybeen calculated.►The colorbar is now included in exported images.►Export Abinit scripts to a directory without actually running them (this is not supported from the ScriptGenerator though, you have to add a line in the script).►Band structure plots etc now have window titles so you know which file they come from.►The object ID is shown in the tooltips for items imported to the LabFloor from NC files.►You can now delete files using the keyboard (Del button) in the file panel of the main VNL window.►The Installation guide has been added to the Start Menu.►Sorting of the projects in the “Open project” dialog has been disabled because sorting caused the wrong project to be opened when you selected it.►LabFloor importers now give item titles to FHI and QuantumEspresso files.►The scrollbars on the LabFloor work better now.Noticeable But Not Severe Bugs►It was not possible to select multiple images in a NEB path in the Builder - and thus not possible to applyoperations like Translate etc to many images at once.►The Script Generator made incorrect scripts for GGA and MGGA with ABINIT.►Spin-polarized device calculations using DFTB now works - the equivalent bulk was not polarized which causeda segfault when going into the device part.►When exporting matplotlib data, the global normalization factor was not removed, so the data was not scaled properly.►Running MemoryUsage for device using a DFTB calculator now works.►Cut Planes in the Viewer would not display negative values.►Running a quick optimization with the Brenner potential made it impossible to insert a spatial region.►LDOS was not supported in the Projector1D plugin►Crystal Builder: if the first inserted point is (x,y,z), editing coordinates didn’t work.►The NEB builder progress bar appeared behind the Builder and the “Create” button could easily be clickedmultiple times inf you didn’t notice it was already running.►Cut Planes in the Viewer - the preset planes AC and BC were reversed.Smaller Stuff►A smaller Bohr/Angstrom mixup for unit cells has been fixed.►“Analysis from File” (and a few other file dialogs) did not always open up in the project directory.►Crystal Builder: the default unique axis for Monoclinic should be B►The discs at the end of bonds were not transparent.►filename.nc was written twice when LabFloor items were grouped by calculator ID►Classic mode started in the wrong directory sometimes.►Copy atoms is no longer possible for NEB configurations in plugins like Translate etc (it doesn’t make sense).Unfixed Known Issues►Running Abinit in parallel requires special setup of the cluster, and even with that it sometimes doesn’t workproperly. We are investigating the issue but don’t expect to have a fix until ATK 14.2.►Sometimes you click the “Create” button in the I-V Curve generator but nothing happens. Solution: try again! It’s because of a conflict with the file being locked for reading by the LabFloor, and the file is unavailable for writinga short period after that.►Coloring of isosurfaces for Bloch states is wrong.►Reloading plugins raises errors if any atoms are selected when the reload is requested. Workaround: unselect all atoms first.►Trajectories where the cell changes were not read correctly (nlread).►The method “lastImage()” for trajectories now works as intended.►MoS2 and MoSe2 structures corrected in the Database (cf. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 4078 (2002)).►Sealed a memory leak (self-energies) in device calculations.►Forces for non-selfconsistent Slater-Koster models corrected.►EMTCalculator ignored repeated images and therefore did not work correctly for bulk configurations.►No matter which k-point sampling you set in C, the Script Generator always generated the script with 100points, which is always a safe choice, so it’s not a serious problem, but anyway fixed now.►The maximum number of steps set for an optimization will now apply also to a stress optimization. Earlier the loop over stress would run forever if the criterion was not met.►Better handling of zero (or very small) or very large values of the lattice parameters (could force the Builder to crash). Also improved error messages for illegal lattice parameters.►Tags are now kept when systems are dragged and dropped onto each other in the Builder.►The “Fit cell” plugin has been improved for some difficult cases.►Passivate tool could cause VNL to segfault for some structures - fixed.►Z-matrix tool now handles the selection order of atoms correctly when switching stash items.►Spatial regions inside electrodes are now displayed correctly in the Builder and Viewer (and not shifted inside the central region as before).►Better handling of rare cases where atoms are deleted in the electrodes causing the device to become invalid.►Contour integral parameters now cloned correctly when upgrading a calculator.►Ctrl and Shift not always observed when clicking the 3D view when the Builder is not active.►Cube file export no longer prints the trailing line which could trip up some other programs that import Cube files.►Improvements to the license configuration tool, to correct for mistakenly set server port.►Effective Mass Analyzer prints unit for Cartesian k-points - was confusing that they appeared in 1/Bohr when most other output in ATK is in Angstrom.►The NEB preoptimization also uses the max_steps keyword set for the NEB calculation itself.►Eigenstates, small bug related to using default quantum numbers.►Again possible to add an extra image between other ones in a NEB path - worked in 12.2 but not in 12.8.►Ti-beta actually generated a structure with a Tl (thallium) atom - typo...►Nanowire plugin doesn’t crash anymore when using a small radius►... plus a few really small and esoteric issuesBug Fixes (Compared to 12.8.2)Synopsys QuantumATK TeamFruebjergvej 3DK-2100 CopenhagenDENMARKTel: +45 333 32 300Email:***********************©2018 Synopsys, Inc. All rights reserved. Synopsys is a trademark of Synopsys, Inc. in the United States and other countries. A list of Synopsys trademarks is available at https:///copyright.html . All other names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. 06/28/18.snSheet_qatk2018features.indd。

可控核聚变作文800字

可控核聚变作文800字

可控核聚变作文800字English Response:Controlled Nuclear Fusion: The Clean Energy of the Future.Nuclear fusion, the process that powers the sun, holds the promise of virtually limitless clean energy for humanity. Unlike nuclear fission, which is currently usedin nuclear power plants, fusion doesn't produce long-lived radioactive waste and has minimal impact on the environment. However, achieving controlled nuclear fusion here on Earth has been a monumental challenge.One of the most promising approaches to controlledfusion is magnetic confinement fusion, which uses powerful magnetic fields to confine and heat plasma to the extreme temperatures and pressures required for fusion reactions to occur. An example of this is the tokamak, a doughnut-shaped device where plasma is heated and contained by magneticfields.One major international effort in this field is the ITER project, located in France. ITER aims to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion power on a commercial scale. The project involves collaboration between 35 countries and represents the culmination of decades of research and development.Another approach is inertial confinement fusion, which uses powerful lasers to rapidly heat and compress a fuel pellet, causing fusion reactions to occur. This method is being pursued primarily for its potential applications in the field of national security and defense.Despite the immense progress made in fusion research, significant challenges remain. One challenge is sustaining the plasma at temperatures and pressures required for fusion to occur while preventing it from coming into contact with the walls of the containment vessel, as this can lead to energy losses and damage to the reactor.Additionally, developing materials that can withstandthe intense heat and radiation produced by fusion reactions is crucial for the long-term viability of fusion power plants. Researchers are exploring advanced materials suchas tungsten and carbon composites to address this challenge.Furthermore, the economics of fusion power must be carefully considered. While fusion has the potential to provide abundant, clean energy, the initial construction costs of fusion reactors are high. However, with continued research and technological advancements, it is believedthat the cost of fusion energy can be competitive withother forms of energy production.In conclusion, controlled nuclear fusion represents a promising solution to our energy needs, offering the potential for clean, abundant energy without the drawbacks associated with fossil fuels and nuclear fission. While challenges remain, continued investment and collaborationin fusion research will be essential for realizing the dream of fusion power.中文回答:可控核聚变,清洁能源的未来。

可控核聚变作文550字左右

可控核聚变作文550字左右

可控核聚变作文550字左右英文回答:Controlled nuclear fusion is a promising energy source that has the potential to provide clean and abundant power for the world. Unlike nuclear fission, which is the process used in current nuclear power plants, fusion does not produce long-lived radioactive waste and has a much lower risk of a catastrophic accident.One of the main challenges of controlled nuclear fusion is achieving the high temperatures and pressures required to initiate and sustain the fusion reactions. Scientists and engineers are working on developing advanced technologies, such as magnetic confinement and inertial confinement, to create the conditions necessary for fusion to occur.For example, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project in France is a majorinternational collaboration aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion. By using powerful magnetic fields to confine and heat a plasma of hydrogen isotopes, ITER hopes to achieve a sustained fusion reaction and pave the way for future fusion power plants.中文回答:可控核聚变是一种有前途的能源来源,有潜力为世界提供清洁和丰富的能源。

PCTRAN核电仿真模拟软件

PCTRAN核电仿真模拟软件

PCTRAN核电仿真模拟软件PCTRAN是基于PC的核能仿真软件包尤其针对核电站运行和事故反应的培训。

如堆芯熔化,安全壳失效和放射性物质释放等严重事故也包含在它的范围内。

从1985引入以来,PCTRAN已经成为全世界安装在核电站和研究机构中最成功的培训仿真软件。

从1996年起,PCTRAN被国际原子能机构(IAEA)选为年度先进反应堆仿真专题研讨会培训软件。

相当多的大学用PCTRAN教授核能技术并用作硕士和博士的论文开发平台。

在核电站模拟方面,提供了正常运行时的仪表和控制显示。

另外还提供了反应对冷却剂边界泄露或者安全壳失效的图标。

组合的放射物释放形成了应急计划区的放射性剂量分布。

PCTRAN可以为核电站的工作人员提供真实的培训和练习。

模拟程序延展到可以根据现实的气象条件提供区域的剂量预测。

它的运行可以是真实的速度也可以是数倍于真实的速度。

它的图形用户界面使操作起来十分方便。

所有的图标,文本信息和数据都是通过Microsoft Office Suite传递。

使用PCTRAN的机构政府机构:美国核管会,瑞士核能管理机构美国核电站:Point Beach, Turkey Point, St. Lucie, Salem, Hope Creek, Duane Arnold, TMI-1, Oyster Creek, Grand Gulf, River Bend, Peach Bottom, Limerick, etc. in U.S.海外核电站:Chinshan, Kuosheng and Maashan in Taiwan, Krsko in Yugoslavia, Vadellos 2 in Spain, Koeberg in South Africa, Laguna in Mexico, Borsele (EPZ) in Holland 大学:U. of Cincinnati, Georgia Tech, Lowell U., MIT, U. of North Texas, New Jersey Inst. Of Tech., RPI, U. of Sherbrooke (Canada), Tsinghua U. (Beijing), Tsinghua U (Taiwan), Tokyo Inst. of Tech, Tahoku U., Kobe Shosen, Kyussu U (Japan), Polytech U. Madrid (Spain).企业:IBM, Earth Tech (Concord, MA), Enercon Services (Tulsa, Ok), M&K Associates (Boulder, Co), Central Research in Electric Power Institute (CREPI in Japan)PCTRAN现有的模型· GE BWR 2 (Oyster Creek), 4 (Peach Bottom), 5 (La Salle), 6 (River Bend) and ABWR (Lungmen) with Mark I, II, III or advanced containment· GE ABWR and ESBWR· Westinghouse 2-loop Chasma (300 Mwe) 与秦山一期同型, 600 MW Point Beach与秦山二期同型, and 4-loop (Salem) PWR dry containment or ice condenser containment (Sequoyah)· Westinghouse AP1000 三门或海阳· Korean Standard Nuclear Plant OPR1000 and APR1400· B&W (now Areva) PWR’s of once through steam generators (TMI)· Framatome PWR’s 3-loop大亚湾或岭澳, Areva EPR 1600, ATMEA PWR 3-loop, Mitsubishi APWR· ABB BWR’s (TVO)。

可控核聚变作文550字左右

可控核聚变作文550字左右

可控核聚变作文550字左右英文回答:Controlled nuclear fusion is a promising source of clean and abundant energy. It has the potential to provide a sustainable solution to our growing energy needs. One of the key advantages of controlled nuclear fusion is that it produces very little radioactive waste compared to nuclear fission. This means that it is a much safer and more environmentally friendly option for producing energy.In addition, controlled nuclear fusion has the potential to provide a nearly limitless supply of energy. The fuel for nuclear fusion, such as isotopes of hydrogen, is abundant and widely available. This means that once we are able to successfully harness nuclear fusion, we will have access to a nearly unlimited source of energy.Furthermore, the development of controlled nuclear fusion has the potential to create new economicopportunities and jobs. For example, the construction and maintenance of fusion power plants will require a skilled workforce, leading to job creation in the energy sector.Overall, controlled nuclear fusion has the potential to revolutionize the way we produce and consume energy,offering a clean, safe, and abundant source of power forthe future.中文回答:可控核聚变是一种有前途的清洁和丰富能源来源。

我国核聚变实验装置实现了跨国远程控制放电

我国核聚变实验装置实现了跨国远程控制放电

我国核聚变实验装置实现了跨国远程控制放电
佚名
【期刊名称】《中国产业》
【年(卷),期】2007(000)001
【摘要】新华社合肥2月6日电(记者蔡敏)位于我国合肥的全超导非圆截面核聚变实验装置(EAST)近日实现了跨国远程控制的等离子体放电。

美国通用原子能公司(General Atomics USA)专家通过专用数据网,轻点鼠标即可轻松启动并运行地球另一端的中国核聚变实验装置。

【总页数】1页(P13-13)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TL629
【相关文献】
1.中国人造太阳实验装置实现跨国远程控制放电 [J],
2.我国首台超导核聚变实验装置再创放电新纪录 [J],
3.中国“人造太阳”装置实现跨国远程控制放电 [J],
4.合肥科学岛新一代核聚变实验装置成功实现首次放电 [J],
5.我国核聚变实验装置首次实现高约束模式运行 [J],
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附录A 外文资料翻译A.1 外文Fusion Engineering and Design 71 (2004) 269–274Simulation platform for remote participants in fusion experimentsE. Barrera a, M. Ruiz a, S. López a, J. Vega b, E. Sánchez bAbstractOne of the major challenges in remote participation in fusion experiments is the control from remote locations of the data acquisition and treatment process. In an optimum situation, the remote researcher should be able to control the data acquisition configuration parameters, and data processing, specifying the r esults that must be returned to him. The simulation platform presented here, allows the researcher to develop and test complex algorithms in a high level graphical language (LabVIEW), which includes powerful data processing libraries. These algorithms will be downloaded later into the data acquisition system. Furthermore, the platform allows the simulation of hardware data acquisition, which include the following points: (a) simu lation of channel configuration from one or several data acquisition cards (channels used, sample frequencies, etc.), (b) generation of buffered simulated data (it is also possible the use of raw data, acquired in previous experiments, as simulated data), and (c) reproduction of hardware behavior (except, of course, in terms of real time behavior and real data). For this purpose, Virtual Instruments (VIs) libraries written in LabVIEW will be provided to the remote developers. These VIs will be replaced later, in the data acquisition system, by their homologous VIs that actually interfaces with the hardware. This facility will allow remote researchers to verify the correct behavior of their own data processing algorithms before downloading them into the data acquisition system.Keywords:Remote participation; Simulation; Data processing; Code testing; Fourth generation language1.IntroductionThe development of a remote participation system is one aim of the recent TJ-IIdata acquisition improvements. This device is located at the Centrode Investigations’ Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) of Madrid [1]. In this sense, efforts have been focused on three main points: security of the transactions, development of specific hardware and software in order to provide real time data processing capacity to the system, and the design of a simulation platform that allows researchers to develop and test data processing algorithms, simulating the remote acquisition system. This article describes the main characteristics of this simulation platform.The aim of the development of simulation software is to offer to the remote participants, a system on which they can verify the correct behavior of their data processing programs without working directly on the real data acquisition system. In this way, they can validate their own developments before loading the code on the final system [2].In order to achieve this, several more concrete goals have been defined:●Developing a simulation platform that allows generating data with different characteristics. This platform will simulate real data acquisition system.●Offering a utilities library that communicates the simulation platform with the user transparently.●Providing mechanisms to make the users data processing programs work on the simulation platform as well as on the real data acquisition system, in a way that is transparent to the user.2. System architectureThe system has been developed using the high-level fourth generation language LabVIEW of National Instruments. This language includes powerful data processing libraries that allow researchers to develop in a simple and efficient way, their own data processing algorithms [3].The architecture of the simulation platform can be divided into two main blocks:●The simulator, which is responsible of simulating the behavior of the data acquisition system and also of generating signals with different characteristics.●A utilities library developed using LabVIEW that allows the management of the buffers in the data acquisition processes.2.1 SimulatorThe simulator is made up of four modules: Simulator-Config, Simulator-Start, Simulator-Read and Simulator-Clear. These modules receive the request of a newacquisition, the beginning of the simulation, the reading of data and the release of the used resources, respectively. Each one of them is independent and runs in a parallel way with the others. The communication and synchronization between the modules is done using global variables which access is controlled by semaphores.The configuration of the simulator requires the following operating parameters :●Definition of the number of channels, buffer size and sampling rate.●Definition of a data base that contains the users’ identifiers (ID) and which channels are associated to each one of them. The simulator works in a multi-user way, this makes it necessary to define which channels are being used by each user program that interacts with the simulator. This is described more deeply in Section 2.2.●Definition of the type of signal that will be used in each channel. The simulator is able to generate nine different signals: sine, square, triangle, sawtooth, periodic random noise, Gaussian white noise, uniform white noise, formula (this option allows for the possibility of generating a signal from a mathematical expression) and file waveform (this option allows the possibility of generating a signal from the data stored in a file, which could allow the simulator to work with data taken form previous acquisitions).●Definition of the par ameters of the signal associated to each channel. According to the type of signal, it will be necessary to define some of the following parameters: frequency, offset, phase, standard deviation, formula, path (for file waveform), amplitude, increase amplitude (this parameter indicates whether the signal’s amplitude should be increased with time or not) and increase (factor in which the signal’s amplitude should be increased).Once the simulator has been configured, it remains ready to communicate with the users applications that have been developed using the utilities library that was offered.2.2 Utilities libraryThe utilities library provided to the user has been developed using a similar methodology to that used in the data acquisition libraries supplied by LabVIEW. This library is made up by high-level modules that offer a great transparence in the behavior of the system to the user. This will allow researchers to develop applications that work with the data acquisition systems in a simple way and without needing a deep knowledge of this programming language.The utilities library is made up by four modules:●AP Config: module in charge of requesting the configuration of the suitable channels for the user’s identifier (ID).●AP Start: module in charge of requesting the beginning of the acquisition for the channels of the ID.●AP Read: module in charge of sending the request of reading to the simulator and receiving the requested data.●AP Clear: module in charge of requesting the release of the resource that were used to carry out the acquisition for the received ID.Using these four modules, the user would be able to develop an application which code diagram was similar to that shown in Fig. 3. The input parameters to the user’s application will be three: the user’s identifier (ID), which should match up with one of the IDs defined in the simulator and that will identify the channels in which the simulator is going to receive samples. The second parameter is the complete number of samples that will be received in the channels previously mentioned (percentage of scans). Lastly, the third parameter is the size in which the data will be received (percentage to read).Starting from the user’s identifier (ID), the AP Config module will request the simulator to configure the channels associated to that identifier. After this has been done without errors, the AP Start will request the simulator to start the acquisition in the indicated channels (of course in this case it will be a simulation, not an acquisition). O nce the acquisition has begun, the user’s program will enter a loop in which it will carry out consecutive readings of the data returned by the simulator through the AP Read module. It is at this point where the user must introduce its own data processing algorithms (that will substitute the generic module “My Process” shown in Fig. 3). Once the acquisition has finished (simulation in this case) the AP Clear module will release the resources used by the simulator.3. Simulator and utilities library synchronizationThe development of both the simulator as well as the utilities library have been done to allow the possible parallel execution of several user programs that would be communicating with the simulator and receiving data of it. In this way, the simulator is able of giving service to several applications developed by the user simultaneously. Each application will have different user’s identifiers (IDs) and may use one or several channels (defined in the configuration of the simulator) and obviously, eac h application may have a different processing over the data.In order to enhance the synchronization between all the user’s programs and the simulator, the synchronization functions Queue of LabVIEW (Obtain Queue, Enqueue Element, Preview Queue Element, Dequeue Element and Release Queue) have been used. These functions allow sending control messages as well as data messages between different modules or LabVIEW Virtual Instruments (VIs). The usage of these synchronization functions enhances the efficiency o f the final application and increases the integrity of it, since it makes the running of the simulator independent of the utilities library. Therefore the utilities library does not need to have any access to the global variables used by the simulator. This reduces the complexity of the access control protocols to these variables and, moreover, it increases the integrity of the system since the utilities library cannot change, in any case, the value of the simulator’s variables. There again, using the queu es managing functions, increases the efficiency of the application since any module of interaction between the simulator and the utilities library stays in an idle state until it receives any data on its queue.4. Integration in thefinal systemAt the moment, the team that has developed the simulation platform is working on the integration of the user’s application in the final system. The goal of this integration is to guarantee that a user’s application, as it has been defined in previous sections, can be run on the real data acquisition system [4] (in this case, on the data acquisition system in the TJ-II device located at the Centro de Investigations Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) of Madrid), without any modifications on its code. Th is involves the development of a resident application in the final data acquisition system that integrates, manages and synchronizes all the user’s applications. Moreover, the utilities library should be modified to make it identify whether it is being run on a user machine together with the simulator or in the final system. In both cases, it should make the suitable calls to the modules that communicate with the simulator or to the modules that LabVIEW offers to communicate with the hardware in the data acquisition system.The simulator and the utilities library have been developed specifically for the TJ-II device. Nevertheless, these modules are sufficiently generals as to be used in other fusion devices that include LabVIEW.A.2 译文在核聚变实验中的远程控制仿真平台摘要在聚变实验中的远程控制主要挑战之一是对来自偏远地区的数据采集和处理过程的控制权。

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