长难句解析——四六级阅读

长难句分析三大黄金规则

1.一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果一个句子有了两个或两个以上的谓语，则必有连词或从句的出现（注意定语从句和宾语从句连词的省略，to do,doing没有be动词都不是谓语动词）

2.去除所有修饰成分，介词短语，非谓语动词，修饰语等

3.唯一仅前：一个谓语仅能对应最近的主语（从句到主句）

In a2001study of158hospital nurses,those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn't get the job done.(2005.四级阅读.Text2)

【分析】主句：those were more likely to say+that宾语从句

修饰成分：who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge定语从句，修饰those

they were in good health than those...作say的宾语从句

who felt they couldn't get the job done定语从句修饰those

【必背词汇】considerable相当多的，相当大的

coped with对付，应付

【翻译】2001年，一项针对158名医院护士的调查研究表明，那些可以很好地应付繁重的工作负担的人，更有可能表露他们的身体状况良好;而那些无法胜任工作的人则不然。

So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif.,as being among the worst in the country.(2009.六级阅读.12.Text1)

【分析】主句：So you can imagine the reaction

修饰成分：when a recent USA Today investigation...singled out those...as being among the worst...时间状语从句

of air quality介词短语作定语，修饰investigation

around the nation’s schools地点状语

in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif.介词短语作定语，修饰those

【必背词汇】investigation调查

single out sth as...挑出...作为...

smugly自鸣得意地；沾沾自喜地

【翻译】近来《今日美国》对全国范围内学校周边空气质量进行了一次调查，调查结果指出那些一向以位于加州伯克利绿色小镇自夸的学校拥有全国最差的空气质量，大众对此的反应可想而知。

Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social

discussion of beliefs and values.

【分析】主句：debates about texts can play an important role in...

修饰成分：Precisely because readers produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page.原因状语从句

from different historical periods,places and social experiences介词短语做后置定语

including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns插入语

in social discussion of beliefs and values状语

【必背词汇】historical adj.历史的；史学的

overlapping adj.重叠；覆盖

【翻译】恰恰是因为处于不同历史时期、来自不同地方、拥有不同社会经历的读者对书中相同文本产生不同但却相互重叠的解读——包括那些涉及人类关切的根本性问题的文本——关于这些文本的讨论才在有关信仰和价值观的社会讨论中起着重要作用。

If you say to your children"I'm sorry I got angry with you,but...”what follows that“but”can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“or“your noise was giving me a headache”leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.(06.1Passage2四级)

【分析】主句：what follows that”but“can render the apology ineffective:...

修饰成分：If you say to your children"I'm sorry I got angry with you,but...”条件状语从句

“I had a bad day“or“your noise was giving me a headache”直接引语做主语

who has been injured定语从句修饰person

【必背词汇】ineffective adj.无效的

apology n.道歉

【翻译】如果你对你的孩子说，“很抱歉我生你的气了，但是......”，这个“但是”后面的话可能会使你的道歉毫无效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我头疼”诸如此类的话使受到伤害的那个人感觉在期待你向他道歉的同时，他应该为他所做的事情而向你道歉。

The Times newspaper agrees,complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to"mass production methods more typical of European universities".(1999.阅读.6.Text3)

【分析】主句：The Times newspaper agrees,complaining that...

修饰成分：动名词complaining+that宾语从句作定语修饰The Times newspaper

宾语从句中，主句是quality has suffered,as student numbers soared是时间状语从句，with close tutorial supervision giving way to...是with引导伴随状语。

【必背词汇】soar vi.高飞；激增

supervision n.监督，管理

give way to让步，让位于

【翻译】《泰晤士报》对此有同感，它报怨道，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。