高考英语总复习之语法专项讲解形容词副词

b. There are shops on either side of the street.

c. Either of them is going there.

11.neither表示“两者都不”, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 作定语时, 修饰单数名词

a. Neither is right.

b. Neither film is interesting.

12.other的用法: the other表示两者中的另外一个; the others =the other +复数名词, 表示“其余的一些”; others =other +复数名词, 表示“别的人或事物”

a. He has two sons. One is a teacher. The other is a worker.

b. Some went to the Great Wall, the others went to the lake.

13.another指不定数目中的另外一个; another +复数名词表示“再一些, 又一些”

a. This skirt is too long. Please show me another.

b. I want to have another cup of coffee.

c. I will finish the work in another ten minutes.

14.复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every和body, thing, one构成的, 如: somebody, something, someone. 带some的不定代词一般用于肯定句, 带any的不定代词一般用于否定句及疑问句中, 它们的用法与some / any的用法相似

第三章：形容词和副词

形容词

一.形容词的定义: 形容词表示人或事物的性质, 特征或状态, 修饰名词或不定代词

二.形容词在句中的作用:

1.作定语:

a. He is a great writer.

b. This is an interesting book.

c. I have something important to tell you.

2.作表语:

a. The bridge is long and wide.

b. It is getting warm.

3.作补语(宾语补足语或主语补足语):

a. The news made her happy.

b. We found the text very difficult.

c. You should keep your classroom clean.

d. The classroom should be kept clean.

4.作主语或宾语: the+adj表示某一类人或事物, 这种名词化的形容词起着名词的作用, 在句中可以作主语或宾语

a. We should respect the old and love the young.

b. The new will replace the old.

c. The rich and the poor live in separate sections in London.

5.作状语: 形容词作状语时, 多用来说明一个名词或代词的情况

a. Unhappy with the result, he returned to work.

b. Long and tidy, his hair played in the breeze.

c. Anxious for a quick decision, we called for a vote.

三.关于形容词的作用要注意的问题:

1.有些形容词只能作表语和补语, 不能象普通形容词那样作前置定语, 这样的形容词称为表语形容词, 如: alive, alone, asleep, alike, afraid, awake, ashamed, able, sure, ill, worth等词; 表语形容词作定语时需后置

2.有些形容词只能作定语, 不能作表语, 这样的形容词称为定语形容词, 如: golden, wooden, silken, live(活的), elder(年长的), former前任的, latter后者, front前面的, back后面的, outer外部的

四.形容词在句中的位置:

1.单个形容词作定语时, 一般放在被修饰的名词之前; 两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 同种类形容词的排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况:

①.和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词

a. It is a touching English film.

②.音节少的形容词在前, 音节多的形容词在后

a. I have a small but beautiful room.

不同种类的词同时出现在名词前作定语时, 按以下顺序进行排列:

2.单个形容词作定语时, 在下列情况之下, 形容词应放在被修饰的词之后

①.形容词修饰不定代词something, nothing, anything等时应后置

a. Is there anything important in the article?

b. There is something difficult in the lesson.

c. There is nothing wrong in your homework.

②.形容词修饰表示度量的名词应后置

a. The building is seventeen storeys high.

b. He is ten years old.

c. The street is five hundred meters long.

③.用and / or连接的两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 起强调修饰语的作用

a. We will turn our motherland into a country, strong and modern.

b. Every nation, big or small, has its rights.

c. Power stations, large and small, have been set up all over the country.