专业英语考试整理

合集下载

人力资源管理专业英语整理完整版

人力资源管理专业英语整理HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】■★■人力资源管理专业英语PART A .管理专业述语一、人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management, HRM)人力资源经理:(Human resource manager)高级管理人员:(Senior executive)职业:(Profession)道德标准:(Ethics)操作工:(Operative employees)专家:(Specialist)人力资源认证协会:(The Human Resource Certification Institute, HRCI)二、外部环境:(External environment)内部环境:(Internal environment)政策:(Policy)企业文化:(Corporate culture)目标:(Mission)股东:(Shareholders)非正式组织:(Informal organization)跨国公司:(Multinational Corporation, MNC)管理多样性:(Managing diversity)三、工作:(Job)职位:(Posting)工作分析:(Job analysis) 工作说明:(Job description)工作规范:(Job specification)工作分析计划表:(Job analysis schedule, AS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire, MPDQ)行政秘书:(Executive secretary)地区服务经理助理:(Assistant district service manager)四、人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning, HRP) 战略规划:(Strategic planning)长期趋势:(Long term trend)要求预测:(Requirement forecast)供给预测:(Availability forecast)管理人力储备:(Management inventory)裁减:(Downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System, HRIS)五、招聘:(Recruitment)员工申请表:(Employee requisition)招聘方法:(Recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion From Within, PFW)工作公告:(Job posting)广告:(Advertising)职业介绍所:(Employment agency)特殊事件:(Special events)实习:(Internship)六、选择:(Selection)选择率:(Selection rate)简历:(Resume)标准化:(Standardization)有效性:(Validity)客观性:(Objectivity)规范:(Norm)录用分数线:(Cutoff score)准确度:(Aiming)业务知识测试:(Job knowledge tests)求职面试:(Employment interview)非结构化面试:(Unstructured interview)结构化面试:(Structured interview)小组面试:(Group interview)职业兴趣测试:(Vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(Board interview)七、组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development, HRD) 培训:(Training)开发:(Development)定位:(Orientation)训练:(Coaching)辅导:(Mentoring) 经营管理策略:(Business games)案例研究:(Case study)会议方法:(Conference method)角色扮演:(Role playing)工作轮换:(Job rotating)在职培训:(On-the-job training, OJT)媒介:(Media)八、企业文化与组织发展企业文化:(Corporate culture)组织发展:(Organization development, OD)调查反馈:(Survey feedback)质量圈:(Quality circles)目标管理:(Management by objective, MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management, TQM) 团队建设:(Team building)九、职业计划与发展职业:(Career)职业计划:(Career planning)职业道路:(Career path)职业发展:(Career development)自我评价:(Self-assessment)职业动机:(Career anchors)十、绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal, PA)小组评价:(Group appraisal)业绩评定表:(Rating scales method)关键事件法:(Critical incident method)排列法:(Ranking method)平行比较法:(Paired comparison)硬性分布法:(Forced distribution method)宽松:(Leniency)严格:(Strictness)3600反馈:(360-degree feedback)叙述法:(Essay method)集中趋势:(Central tendency)十一、报酬与福利报酬:(Compensation)直接经济报酬:(Direct financial compensation) 间接经济报酬:(Indirect financial compensation) 非经济报酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(Equity)外部公平:(External equity)内部公平:(Internal equity)员工公平:(Employee equity)小组公平:(Team equity)工资水平领先者:(Pay leaders)现行工资率:(Going rate)工资水平居后者:(Pay followers) 劳动力市场:(Labor market)工作评价:(Job evaluation)排列法:(Ranking method)分类法:(Classification method)因素比较法:(Factor comparison method)评分法:(Point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定价:(Job pricing)工资等级:(Pay grade)工资曲线:(Wage curve)工资幅度:(Pay range)十二、福利和其它报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权计划:(Employee stock ownership plan, ESOP)值班津贴:(Shift differential)奖金:(Incentive compensation)分红制:(Profit sharing)十三、安全与健康的工作环境安全:(Safety)健康:(Health)频率:(Frequency rate)紧张:(Stress)角色冲突:(Role conflict)催眠法:(Hypnosis)酗酒:(Alcoholism)十四、员工和劳动关系工会:(Union)地方工会:(Local union)行业工会:(Craft union)产业工会:(Industrial union)全国工会:(National union)谈判组:(Bargaining union)劳资谈判:(Collective bargaining)仲裁:(Arbitration)罢工:(Strike)内部员工关系:(Internal employee relations) 纪律:(Discipline)纪律处分:(Disciplinary action)申诉:(Grievance)降职:(Demotion)调动:(Transfer)晋升:(Promotion)PART B. 基本面词汇个人素质>中英文词汇A Useful Glossary for Personal Qualitiesable 有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的charitable 宽厚的competent能胜任的confident 有信心的conscientious 认真的，自觉的considerate 体贴的constructive 建设性的contemplative 好沉思的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dashing 有一股子冲动劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated 有奉献精神的devoted 有献身精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的discreet （在行动、说话等方面）谨慎的dutiful 尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest 认真的well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 充满热情的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的forceful （性格）坚强的frank直率的，真诚的friendly 友好的frugal 俭朴的generous 宽宏大量genteel有教养的gentle 有礼貌的hard-working 勤劳的hearty 精神饱满的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的 humble 恭顺的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的initiative 首创精神have an inquiring mind爱动脑筋intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的inventive有发明才能，有创造力的just 正直的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的learned 精通某门学问的liberal 心胸宽大的logical 条理分明的loyal 忠心耿耿的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的motivated 目的明确的objective 客观的open-minded 虚心的orderly 守纪律的original 有独创性的painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的persevering 不屈不挠的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚强的qualified 合格的rational 有理性的realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的self-conscious 自觉的selfless 无私的sensible 明白事理的sincere 真诚的smart 精明的spirited 生气勃勃的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的straightforward 老实的strict 严格的systematic 有系统的strong-willed 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的<教育程度>中英文词汇对照A Useful Glossary for Educational Backgroundeducation 学历educational background 教育程度educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程courses completed 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular actives 体育活动recreational activities娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金“Three Goods student “三好“学生excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）president 校长vice-president 副校长academic dean 教务员department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant 助教research fellow 研究员research assistant 助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中小学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）dean of students 教务长dean of students 教导主任 teacher 教师probation teacher 代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess 女家庭教师intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数grades 分数scores 分数examination 考试grade 年级class 班级monitor 班长vice-monitor 副班长commissary in charge of studies 学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor (PhD) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士student 学生graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生foreign student 外国留学生undergraduate 大学肄业生；（尚未取得学位的）大学生senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman大学一年级学生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生day-student 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生classmate 同班同学schoolmate 同校同学graduate 毕业生<工作经历>相关中英文词汇 A Useful Glossary for Work Experiencework experience 工作经历work history 工作经历occupational history 工作经历employment 工作employment history 工作经历experience 经历business experience 工作经历specific experience 具体经历employment record 工作经历business history 工作经历employment experience工作经历business background 工作经历position 职位job title 职位responsibilities 职责duties 职责second job 第二职业achievement 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被任命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破记录control 控制bread through 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expand 推广；扩大expedite 加快；促进export 出口found 创立generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵implement 完成，实施import 进口improve 改进，提高increase 增加influence 影响initiate 创始，开创introduce 采用，引进innovate 改革，革新inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的install 安装invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化invent 发明justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）lead 领导lengthen 延长lessen 减少（生产成本）level 水平localize 使地方化manage 管理，经营make 制造maintain 保持；维修manufacture 制造modernize 使现代化mastered 精通的motivate 促进，激发negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名的；被任命的operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）originate 创始，发明organize 组织overcome 克服（困难等）participate in 参加perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行plan 计划promote 生产，制造profit 利润promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业等）be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为provide 提供，供应raise 提高reach 达到realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受reckon 计算（成本等）recognize 认清（职责等）recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的recover 恢复；弥补rectify 整顿，调整redouble 加倍，倍增reduce 减少，降低（成本等）refine 精练，精制reform 改革registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使更生regularize 使系统化regulate 控制（费用等）rehandle 重铸；重新处理rehash 以新形式处理（旧材料）reinforce 加强renew 重建，换新renovate 革新；修理repair 修复，修补replace 接替，替换representative 代表，代理人research 调查，研究resolve 解决set 创造（纪录等）settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低......效能show 显示,表明significant 重要的,有效的simplify 简化,精简sort out 清理speed up 加速sponsor 主办spread 传播,扩大solve 解决standard 标准,规格streamline 把......设计流线型strengthen 加强,巩固study 研究succeed 成功supervise 监督,管理supply 供给,满足(需要) systematize 使系统化target 目标,指标test 试验,检验top 头等的,最高的total 总数,总额translate 翻译,转化travel 旅行well-trained 训练有素的type 打字unify 使成一体,统一use 使用，运用utilize 利用valuable 有价值的useful 有用的verify 证实,证明vivify 使活跃work 工作,起作用worth 使......钱的,有......价值的advanced worker 先进工作者working model 劳动模范excellent Party member 优秀党员excellent League member 优秀团员<个人资料>中英文词汇对照 A Useful Glossary for Personal Dataname 姓名alias 别名pen name 笔名date of birth 出生日期birth date 出生日期born 生于birthplace 出生地点birthday 生日age 年龄native place 籍贯province 省city 市autonomous region 自治区prefecture专区country县nationality 民族；国籍citizenship 国籍duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址current address 目前住址present address 目前住址permanent address 永久住址postal code 邮政编码home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话Tel.电话Mobile 手机E-mail 邮箱ext.分机sex 性别male 男female 女Mr.先生Miss 小姐Mrs.太太Ms (小姐或太太)height 身高cm. 厘米ft. 英尺in 英寸weight 体重kg 公斤lbs 磅marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚unmarried 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数none 无street 街lane 胡同，巷road 路district 区Floor 楼层tower A A 座Mansion 大厦house number 门牌health 健康状况blood type 血型A A型B B型O O型excellent （身体）极佳PART C. 面试典型问题Q1：Can you sell yourself in two minutes？Go for it please.（你能在两分钟内自我推荐吗？大胆试试吧！）Q2：Give me a summary of your current job description. （对你目前的工作，能否做个概括的说明。

英语专业综合英语第一学期期末试题（卷）

英语专业综合英语第一学期期末试题（卷）英语专业综合英语第一学期期末考试I. Please write the correct words according to themeanings given below. (10%)1. n. great effort2. n. (pl.) feelings of doubt and fear3. v. to deliberately get involved in a situation that does notconcern you, which may be annoying to others4. n. sb. who frightens, hurts, or threatens weaker people5. v. to criticize, to censure6. a. dark, esp. in a way that seems sad7. a. (of land, plants) producing much8. n. a sudden strong feeling of excitement or pleasure9. n. sceptic; a person who sees little or no good in others10.v. (of flowers) to open or to be open11.n. a way of thinking about or looking at sth.12.v. to tell sb. that sth. is sure to happen so that he doesnot have to worry13.n. a lack; not having enough, esp. food14.a. very unhappy15. v. to invite people to one’s home, usually for a meal16. v. to arouse interest or curiosity17.v. unroll; to open out; to straighten out18.adv. happening or done at exactly the same time19.v. to dry up; to be reduced in size and color20.v. to remove; to get rid ofII. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the expressions listed below. (10%)in some ways call for run out at oncebring up give rise to tear down happen tooccur to ask for deal in read intofor one thing take over at heart in turn resort to run into move in on used to1.Both sides are willing to sit down and talk becausethey know it is stupid ______ force.2.The heavy rains they had last summer ______ seriousflooding.3.Some of the nation’s best lawyers are on the case.They are offering their services free because theyhave no doubt ______the ethical nature of the case.4.The two men began to ______ me when they saw I was alone.Luckily a police officer happened to pass by just atthat time.5.Has it ever______ you that all these changes havehappened in the past three decades?6.There______ be lots of fish, shrimps and crabs in ourrivers and lakes and ponds, but now no longer.7.The government has promised that it will not hesitateto punish those who ______ cheating, gambling, black marketeering, and prostitution.8.In those days few people liked the job of coal mining,because ______, the work was hard, very hard. Besides it was very dangerous.9.He ______ his father’s business when his father died.10. The generation gap is a big problem and ______serious attention. I think we young people should try to understand older people’s worries and cares and respect their experience, while older people ______should respect youngpeople’s wishes and desires.11. I had not seen my sister for ages. So this visit wasa wonderful opportunity for me, because I could do twothings______ .12. Time is ______. Unless we come up with a solution inthe next few days, we will ______ serious trouble.13. This man is a joke. He has been ______ to believe thathe is the most learned person on earth.14. I think they are ______ trouble building those houseson the dry bed of the lake. These houses will have tobe______ sooner or later to return the land to the lake.15. The message of this essay is simple and obvious. Idon’t think you should ______ too much ______ it.16. He has lived in big cities for almost 10 years. But____ he is still a country boy______.III. Put in appropriate adverbs or prepositions. (10%) 1.Linda worked harder than before; she knew she had to make ______ the time she had lost.2.The police were informed that some neighborhood bully has been shaking the boy ______ for more than one month.3. We will not just look ______ whilst our next-door neighbor struggles with his enemy.4. The boy’s death was a terrible blow to his mother. She just couldn’t get ______ it.5. When I die of old age, I will have no regret becauseI know what I have left unfinished will be passed _______ ______ the young.6. She takes ________ her mother. She also likes to take an active part in social reform.7. My grandfather decided to work as a coal miner afterhe finished school instead of going ________ to college.8. Zhuge Liang promised to see _______ it that Zhou Yuget 100,000 arrows within three days.9. ________ want of a better word, let’s call them “professional drinkers”because it is their officialduty to drink ________ behalf of the officials at banquets.10. What he likes to do after a day in the office is tochat freely with a friend or two ________ a glass ofwine.11. Li Bai wrote this beautiful poem to express his thanksto a farmer who had walked a long way to see him____________.12. The generation gap is a big problem and calls ______serious attention.13. I did not tell her the truth but it ran contrary ______my principles, and I felt bad ______ it.14. I don’t understand why somebody who has made afactory turn _________ more cigarettes should bepraised.15. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeperher breast.16. Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went andgot a plain clothes man to do the job.17.They refused my request ______ offering a reason.18.I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed ______theGolden Gate Bridge.19.The driver told me he was once robbed ______ knifepoint bya hitchhiker.20. He pretended to be a Frenchman, but his Americanaccent gave him ______.IV. Paraphrase the following sentences. (20%)1. Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves.2. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority.3. … but in a bad year, it’s not only the ploughs that break but our hearts, too.4. It was a small room on the sixth floor, and hardly a setting for a romantic figure.5. “She has form. …. That cannot be denied. But has shegot feeling? I’m afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists: she is all style without any sincerity.”6. As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come.7. Those who had the least to give often gave the most.8. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought tohave our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.9. A man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to makea man really keen.10. When it finally died, I removed the roots from thesoil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden.V. Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C andD. (20%)Passage 1As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society hasbeen shifting from curing disease to preventing disease –especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beersat home most nights but does not drive while drunk , and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “ not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been ca lled “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well," in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for.People who are well are likely to be better able to resistdisease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.1. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.A. keeping people in a healthy physical conditionB. monitoring patients’ body functionsC. removing people’s bad living habitsD. ensuring people’s psychological well-being2. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.A. good health is more than not being illB. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmfulC. regular health checks are essential to keeping fitD. prevention is more difficult than cure3. Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he ________.A. does not have any unhealthy living habitsB. does not have any physical handicapsC. is able to handle his daily routinesD. is free from any kind of disease4. According to the author, the true meaning of "wellness" is for people ________.A. to best satisfy their body’s spec ial needsB. to strive to maintain the best possible healthC. to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure5. According to what the author advocates, which of thefollowing groups of people would be considered healthy?A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.B. People who are not presently experiencing anysymptoms of disease.C. People who try to be as possible, regardless oftheir limitations.D. People who can recover from illness even withoutseeking medical care.Passage 2Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women st ill can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a lon g way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.6. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination forthe author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becominga First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image ofAfrican-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests ofAfrican-American women.7. What is the common stereotype of African-Americanwomen according to the author?A) They are victims of violence.B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language.D) They live on charity and social welfare.8. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the highexpectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in theWhite House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in theWhite House.9. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as aFirst Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remainmodest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-Americancommunity.C) However hard she trie s, she can’t expect toplease everybody.D) She will give priority to African-Americanwomen’s concerns.10. What do many African-American women hope MichelleObama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.VI. Fill in each blank of the passage with ONE suitable word. (10%)More than one million children in the United States do not go to school. 1 , they learn at home. They are 2 by adults, like tutors (家庭教师).Most often, their parents are their teachers. Educational companies, libraries, and the Internet 3__ many families with teaching material.Parents choose home-schooling for several reasons. Some choose it because of their religious __4 . Others say it provides more time for the family to be 5 . They say home offers a 6 placefor learning. Some parents believe home-schooling C problems of traditional schools, which ___8__ classes that have too many students. Critics, 9 , say children need to 10 school with other children.VII. Translate. (20%)1.他喜欢炫耀它的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲他。

英语专业考研真题集锦

2011年北外英语翻译硕士汉语百科与写作考研真题2011年北京外国语大学英语翻译硕士汉语百科与写作考研真题是根据网友提供的资料整理而来，难免不全之处，仅供参考。

一、名词解释25*2分旧红学诗经六艺造字六书京剧四大花旦民间四大传说APEC两房证券辛亥革命岁寒三友英国荒诞派世界三大热带雨林浮士德3D电影三言二拍南洪北孔文艺复兴三杰中医四诊七大方言区8大菜系唐代书法的大小欧阳五音古印度两大史诗西方四大通讯社二、应用文写作40分北京日报社为了提高青年记者水平，拟选派10名记者于北京外国语大学英语学院进行脱产学习，时间从2011年3月至2012年2月。

请以北京日报社人事处的名义向北京外国语大学教务处发函，希望取得同意。

要求：按函的公文格式写作，400字以内，其它需要的信息可自行补充。

三、大作文60分韬略思想博大精深，源远流长。

在战国中期，有很多韬略代表人物，韬略的事例也很丰富。

（介绍了韬略学说与思想在中国的影响和地位，但并未提及韬略思想的内涵）以论韬略为题，写一篇议论文，阐述自己对韬略的见解和认识，不少于800字。

2011年南京师大外国语言文学基础与汉语写作考研真题2011年南京师范大学外国语言文学基础与汉语写作考研真题是根据网友提供的资料整理而来，难免不全之处，仅供参考。

名词解释：1、语义特征2、述事话语3、成分分析法问题回答：1、画出语义三角并说明意义和指称的关系2、阐述韩礼德的语域理论3、简述二语习得中产生的个体差异以及在教学中的应用4、克拉什的输入假设并评价汉语写作：根深与叶茂1000字左右2011年北京语言大学英语语言文学综合考研真题2011年北京语言大学英语语言文学综合考研真题是根据网友提供的资料整理而来，难免不全之处，仅供参考。

二外日语1.汉字写假名发音，学生，先生，花见之类超简单基础20*0.52.假名写汉字一个句子里写两三个假名，京都，红叶，子供，仕事，休憩时间之类也好简单基础。

20*0.53.外来语翻译超市，滑雪，日历……太基础了10*14.在句子中填助词都很基础常见10*15.选择20*1 基础语法6.翻译句子，汉译日，都是简单句：10*2星期六下午去看音乐会吗？森先生明天搬家吗？7.一段日语译成汉语。

英语考试知识点整理

英语考试知识点整理英语考试知识点整理为题英语考试是我们平时学习中的一项重要任务，对于能否取得较好的成绩，我们需要了解并熟练掌握一些常见的英语考试知识点。

本文将为大家整理并介绍一些常见的英语考试知识点，希望对大家备考英语考试有所帮助。

1. 词汇知识词汇是语言学习中非常重要的一部分，对于英语考试来说更是关键。

备考英语考试时，要重点掌握各类词汇的拼写、词义、词性和用法。

需要掌握的词汇知识包括常见的高频词汇、同义词、反义词、近义词以及常用短语和习语等。

2. 语法知识语法是英语考试中的一个重要环节。

掌握基本的语法知识可以帮助我们正确理解和使用英语。

在备考英语考试的过程中，我们需要了解英语的基本句型、时态、语态、多种从句、复合句和并列句等语法知识，同时要能够正确地运用这些知识进行句子的构建和转换。

3. 阅读理解阅读理解是英语考试中常见的一种题型，也是考察学生阅读能力的重要途径。

备考英语考试时，我们需要多进行阅读练习，提高读文章的速度和理解文章的能力。

同时，还需要熟悉各类题型的解题技巧，如主旨题、细节题、推理题、词义题等。

4. 听力理解听力理解是英语考试中的另一种常见题型。

备考英语考试时，我们需要进行大量的听力训练，提高听力的准确度和速度。

同时，我们还需要熟悉各类听力题型的解题技巧，如听力填空、选择题、配对题等。

5. 写作技巧写作是英语考试中的一项重要内容。

备考英语考试时，我们需要熟悉各类写作题型的要求和标准，掌握一些常用的写作技巧。

写作技巧包括如何进行写作思路的构建、如何进行句子的表达和段落的组织、如何使用恰当的连接词和过渡词等。

6. 口语表达口语是英语考试中的一部分，也是考察学生口语表达能力的一种方式。

备考英语考试时，我们需要多进行口语练习，提高自己的口语表达能力和交流能力。

可以与朋友或老师进行口语对话，也可以通过录音来进行自我评估和提高。

7. 翻译技巧翻译是英语考试中的一项重要内容。

备考英语考试时，我们需要掌握一些常见的翻译技巧，如基本的词义转换、句子结构的调整和上下文的理解等。

计算机专业英语考试

一、选择题1.What is the process of converting a high-level programming language into machine languagecalled?A.Debuggingpilation（正确答案）C.ExecutionD.Interpretation2.Which of the following is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around data,and the operations performed on that data?A.Object-oriented programming（正确答案）B.Procedural programmingC.Functional programmingD.Event-driven programming3.In computer networks, what does the term "protocol" refer to?A. A set of rules governing the exchange of information between devices（正确答案）B.The physical connection between devicesC.The speed of data transmissionD.The type of data being transmitted4.What is the term used to describe the process of dividing a complex problem into smaller, moremanageable parts?A.Modularization（正确答案）B.OptimizationC.EncapsulationD.Polymorphism5.In computer security, what is the term for unauthorized access to or modification of data?A.EncryptionB.DecryptionC.Hacking（正确答案）D.Firewall6.Which of the following is a type of software that allows two or more computers tocommunicate and share resources?A.Operating systemB.Database management systemwork operating system（正确答案）D.Word processing software7.What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and correcting errors in computerprograms?A.Debugging（正确答案）B.TestingC.Codingpilation8.In computer graphics, what is the term for the number of distinct pixels that can be displayedon a screen?A.Resolution（正确答案）B.Color depthC.Refresh rateD.Aspect ratio。

英语专业考研语言学试题

英语专业考研语言学试题英语专业考研语言学试题集锦语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。

我收集了一些高校语言学的`往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。

1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). <北师大2003年试题）2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,<同上》3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them (5 points) 清华2000年试题5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ?7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authorityinterlanguage phatic communionclosed-class word government semantica triangic lingua francaWhat is the main grammatical difference between a sentence and a clause ? 同上6 Translate into chinese and exemplify each of the following.(10 points )Example : dialectal synonymsAnswer , 方言同义词，Fall and autumn are dialectal synonyms .homography homophony gradable opposites endocentric constuctionexocentric construction9 大连外国语学院1992年语言学全部试题 100 POINTSList the six important characteristics of human language .What are the types of morphemes ?Illustrate the deep and surface structures .What do u know about the semantic features ?How does language change ?10 Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another .Discuss the relationships between words ,using examples from the english language .(15 points ) 北外2003年试题11 What do you think are the similarities and dissimilarities between learning a first and a second language? ( 30 points) 同上。

英语专业八级语法全解析

英语专业八级语法全解析英语专业八级考试是考察学生英语语法能力的重要关口，其中语法部分是考生们普遍认为难度较大的一个方面。

为了帮助各位考生更好地备战八级语法考试，本文将对英语专业八级语法做全面解析，包括常见语法知识点、易错题型以及技巧建议等，希望可以为大家提供参考。

一、基础语法知识点解析在英语专业八级语法考试中，基础语法知识点是考生们必须掌握的内容。

主要包括时态、语态、句型、主谓一致、虚拟语气、定语从句等。

时态是英语句子中最基本的语法要素之一，主要用来表示动作发生的时间。

常见的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等。

考生们需要熟练掌握各种时态的构成规则以及用法，并能够正确运用在句子中。

语态是英语中一个较为复杂的语法知识点，分为主动语态和被动语态。

考生们需要了解语态的构成和转换规则，能够准确地辨别句子中的语态，并根据需要进行转换。

句型是英语句子的基本结构，包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等。

考生们需要熟悉各种句型的特点和构成规则，能够准确地运用在语境中。

主谓一致是英语句子中一个常见的错误点，要求主语和谓语在人称和单复数上保持一致。

考生们需要特别注意主谓一致在复合句和倒装句中的运用，避免因为句子结构复杂而导致主谓不一致的错误。

虚拟语气是英语中一个较为抽象的语法概念，用来表示与事实相反的假设或虚拟情况。

常见的虚拟语气包括与过去事实相反的虚拟、与现在事实相反的虚拟和与将来事实相反的虚拟等。

考生们需要了解虚拟语气的构成和用法，能够准确地在句子中运用。

定语从句是英语中的一个较为复杂的句子结构，用来对名词或代词进行修饰。

定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，位置灵活，但需要与先行词保持一致。

考生们需要熟练掌握定语从句的构成规则和用法，并能够灵活运用在句子中。

以上是英语专业八级语法考试中的基础知识点解析，希望考生们能够加强对这些内容的学习和掌握，为顺利通过考试打下坚实基础。

二、易错题型分析与应对策略在英语专业八级语法考试中，存在一些易错题型，包括主从复合句、倒装句、句子成分识别、非谓语动词、固定搭配等。

医学专业英语考试专题 (含答案)

D16. Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________. A. bronchitis B. pneumonitis C. gastritis D. hepatitis D17. -plasm means _______. A. treatment B. knowledge C. diagnosis D. growth D18. Mammo/o refers to _______. A. mother B. thymus gland C. thyroid gland D. breast
A10. Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can als o be expressed in ____. A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above C11. Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above D12. The combining form meaning “the skin” is ____. A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B an
D39.The science that deals with cells on the smallest structural and functional level is c alled _____. A. biology B. microbiology C. homostasis D. molecular biology C40. An instrument for measuring the cell counts of red blood cells is an _______. A. erythrocyte B. erythrogenesis C. erythrocytometer D. erythrocytograph

专业英语考试重点

Both engines are called heat engines，the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission。

两种发动机均被称为热机，由燃烧的燃油产生热，引起气缸内气体的压力升高，并输出动力使连接到传动系的轴旋转。

The clutch or torque converter has the task of disconnecting and connecting the engine’s power from and to the driving wheels of the vehicle。

离合器或变矩器具有接合和切断发动机与汽车驱动轮间动力的作用。

这个动作可以是手动的也可以是自动的。

The main purpose of the gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and driving wheels ，so that the vehicle can operate satisfactory under all driving conditions。

变速器的主要作用是在发动机与驱动轮间具有一个齿轮比的选择，以便车辆可以在各种运行工况下满意的工作。

The rear axle and different unit transmits the engine’s rotational power through 90 from prop shaft to axle shaft to road wheels。

后轴和差速器装置把发动机的旋转动力，经在传动轴和后轴间转向90°后传递给车轮。

英语专业考试试题及答案

英语专业考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "flourish" is most similar in meaning to which of the following?A. ProsperB. WitherC. StagnateD. Perish答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been studying English for three years.B. She has been studied English for three years.C. She had studied English for three years.D. She had been studied English for three years.答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. It offers flexibility and convenience, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from any location.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The drawbacks of online education.B. The benefits of online education.C. The challenges faced by traditional schools.D. The decline in the popularity of traditional schools.答案：B4. According to the passage, what is one advantage of online education?A. It is less expensive.B. It requires students to be present in a classroom.C. It provides a structured learning environment.D. It allows for flexibility and convenience.答案：DPassage 2The environmental impact of plastic waste is a growing concern worldwide. Many countries are implementing policies to reduce plastic use and promote recycling.5. What is the focus of the passage?A. The economic impact of plastic waste.B. The environmental impact of plastic waste.C. The technological advancements in plastic production.D. The history of plastic production.答案：B6. What action are countries taking in response to the issue mentioned in the passage?A. Increasing plastic production.B. Encouraging the use of plastic bags.C. Implementing policies to reduce plastic use.D. Ignoring the issue of plastic waste.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options.Passage 3The internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information. It has made our lives more convenient, but it has also brought about new challenges.7. The internet has _______ the way we communicate.A. simplifiedB. complicatedC. revolutionizedD. limited答案：C8. The passage suggests that the internet has both advantages and _______.A. opportunitiesB. disadvantagesC. benefitsD. drawbacks答案：D四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.9. With the development of technology, robots are becoming more and more intelligent.答案：随着技术的发展，机器人变得越来越智能。

职称英语专业考试相关词汇

职称英语词汇、1．Recite 背诵2．Marvel 对。

惊奇3．Go on 往前走，继续下去，发生，进行4．Go off 离去，走掉，退场，爆炸，响起，消失，售出，便坏5．Sane 健全的6．Palm 手掌7．Relevant 有关的，相应的8．Distribute 分发，分配，分类9．Dilemma 进退两难的局面，困难的选择10．Application 请求，应用程序11．Mainframe 主机，大型机12．Infrared 红外线的13．Scanner 扫描器14．Unimpeded 未受阻的15．Immensely 无限的，广大的16．Make the most of 充分利用17．Hint 暗示，提示，线索18．Podcast 播客19．Claim to fame 知名特色20．Landmark 里程碑21．Take note of 注意到22．Downtown 市区的23．Adventurous 喜欢冒险的24．Psychology 心理学，心理状态25．Assume 假定，设想26．Substantial 坚固的，实质的，真实的，充实的27．Noxious 有害的28．Particulate matter 颗粒物质29．Ozone 新鲜的空气；臭氧30．Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物31．Exhaust 用尽，耗尽32．If any 即便要33．Combust 消耗，燃烧34．Liability 责任，倾向，债务，不利条件，可能性35．Feasible 可行的36．Creed 信条37．Supreme 极度的，极大地，至高的，最高的38．Pursuit 追寻，追赶，追击39．Thrift 节俭，节约40．Irrespective 不顾的，不考虑的41．Interference 冲突，干涉42．Impede 阻止43．Ethical 与伦理有关的，民族的44．Knight 骑士，武士45．Inflict 造成46．Concur with 同意47．Fatigue 疲劳48．Jolt 摇晃49．Resentment 怨恨50．Bashful 害羞的51．Merciful 仁慈的52．Allusion 提及，暗示53．Wearisome 使疲倦的，使厌倦的，乏味的54．Retort 反驳，反击，回报55．Slander 诽谤56．Scrupulous 小心谨慎的，细心地57．Insinuate 含沙射影的说58．Prudence 审慎59．Sage 贤人，圣人60．Affronted 被冒犯的61．Indolent 懒惰的，不痛的62．Malice 恶意，怨恨63．Resigned 顺从的，64．Irreparable 不能挽回的65．Blunder’大错，失误66．Competent 又能力的，胜任的67．Marginally 略微68．Lapse 下降，流逝，丧失；背离，失效69．Head for 朝、、、、而去70．Conspicuous 显著的71．Tread 踏，行走72．Vibration 振动73．Snail 迟钝的人74．Literally 照字面意思，逐字的75．Mutually 互相的76．Unintelligible 难解的，莫名其妙的77．Diverse 不同的，变化多的78．Extant 现存的79．Extinct 熄灭的，灭绝的，耗尽的80．Striking 打击的，显著的，惊人的81．Far-reaching深远的，广大的82．Connoisseur 鉴赏家83．Coincidence一致，相合84．Roughly粗糙的，概略的85．Spectacular引人入胜的，壮观的86．Constitute 制定法律，建立政府，任命87．Nonetheless 虽然如此，但是88．Rugged 高低不平的，崎岖的89．Mystical 神秘的，奥秘的90．Greenery 温室，草木91．Quaint 离奇有趣的，做的很精巧的92．Scattered 离散的，分散的93．Low-lying 低地的94．Balmy 芳香的95．Crave 恳求，渴望96．Solitude 孤独的97．Pristine 质朴的98．Brisk 活泼的，敏捷的99．Thumping 极大的，100.entice 诱惑，诱使101.alluring迷人的，诱惑的102.ecosystem 生态系统103.doomsayer凶事预示者104.prosper 成功，兴隆，昌盛，繁荣105.sober 冷静的106.afoot 徒步的，准备中107.decisively 决然的果断的108.transaction 交易，事务109.purveyor 承办商110.terrain 地形111.groping 探索的，暗中摸索的112.prose 散文113.exempt from 免除，豁免114.superficial 表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的115.discern 目睹，认识，洞悉，辨别，看清楚116.coincide with 与。

专业英语考试背单词-精品文档资料整理

第一章Horticulture园艺Agriculture农业Agronomy农学Forestry林学Grain谷物Fiber棉花Timber木材Forage饲料Intensively集约地Esthetic 美学的Gratification满足喜悦Orchard果园Nursery苗圃Botany植物学Ornamental Horticulture观赏园艺Olericulture 蔬菜学Pomology or fruticulture果树学Floriculture花卉栽培Landscape horticulture风景园林Interiorscaping室内园艺foliage plants观叶类植物Shrub灌木Lawn 草坪Turf 草皮Golf course高尔夫球场Potherb熟食类叶菜Salad凉拌菜Lettuce生菜Celery芹菜cabbage 白菜Cauliflower菜花Potato马铃薯Beet甜菜Carrot胡萝卜Radish水萝卜Onion洋葱Leek 韭菜Phototropism 向光性Geotropism向地性Nomenclature命名法Work ethic职业道德Honesty诚实Enthusiasm热情Dedication奉献第二章terminology 术语life span生命周期寿命Annual一年生植物Petunia矮牵牛Biennial两年生植物Perennial多年生植物Maple枫树Forsythia连翘Tulip郁金香Daylily黄花菜Clematis铁线莲Wisteria紫藤Deciduous plants落叶植物Evergreen常绿植物Broccoli花椰菜Hardy plant耐寒植物Tender plant 冷敏感植物Aquatic plants水生植物Xerophyte旱生植物Halophyte盐生植物Metallophyte需金属植物RhododendronBotanical植物学的Dessert甜点Snack小吃Strawberry草莓Culinary烹调用的Spices香料调料Beverage饮料Bark咳嗽Pharmaceutical药物Flax亚麻Hemp大麻Ivy常春藤Pachysandra富贵草Poinsettia一品红Chrysanthemum菊花Carnation康乃馨Pansy三色堇Hazel榛子树Taxa分类群Plant Kingdom植物界Division门Class纲Order目Family科Genus属Species种Cultivar栽培种Fructose果糖Cantaloupe哈密瓜Crenshaw克兰省甜瓜Honeydew 甜蜜瓜Watermelon西瓜Melon甜瓜Peach桃子Plum梅Pear梨Orange橙Grapefruit葡萄柚Lemon柠檬Lime石灰，酸橙Tangerine蜜桔Apple苹果Fig无花果Date椰枣Papaya木瓜Pineapple菠萝Pomegranate石榴Artichoke洋蓟Cauliflower花椰菜Broccoli西兰花Avocado鳄梨Eggplant茄子swiss chard瑞士甜菜Brussels sprouts球芽甘蓝Pod豆荚Rhizome根状茎Stolon匍匐茎Asparagus芦笋Anthocyanin花青素Diet饮食Antioxidant抗氧化剂Vitamins维生素Folate叶酸Flavonoid黄酮类Cholesterol胆固醇Phytochemical植物化学的Beta Carotene 贝塔胡萝卜素Allicin蒜素Indole吲哚乙酸Sulforaphane （萝卜硫素）Lutein（叶黄素）Zeaxanthin（玉米黄素）Phenolic酚的Resveratrol白藜芦醇Melatonin褪黑激素Flavonol黄酮醇Quercetin斛皮黄酮Catechin儿茶酸Epicatechin表儿茶素Tannin 单宁酸Inflammation易燃的Grill or broil烤架和烤Poach窃取Sautee椒盐Bake烤第三章angiosperm被子植物axillary bud 腋芽monocot 单子叶dicot 双子叶phloem 韧皮部carbohydrate 碳水化合物fibrous root 须根sepal 萼片petal 花瓣stamen（androecium）雄蕊filament 花丝anther 花药anthesis 开花期pistil（gynoecium）雌蕊stigma 柱头style 花柱ovary 子房self pollination 自花授粉embroyo sal 胚囊integument 胚乳pericarp 果皮fertigation 滴灌施肥hypocotyl 胚轴coleoptile 胚芽鞘microclimate 微气候humidity 湿度vernalization 春化thermoperiodism 温周期stratification 层积处理chilling 冷害photoperiodism 光周期现象phytochrome 光敏色素chrysanthemum 菊花etiolation 黄化作用vermiculite 蛭石humus 腐殖质drainage 排水perlite 珍珠岩hydroponics 水培aeroponic system 气培系统macronutrients 大量元素magnesium 镁calcium 钙sulfur 硫磺inert ingredient 惰性成分第四章propagation 繁殖pulses 豆类soya beans 黄豆，大豆lentil 小扁豆mustard 芥菜oat 燕麦coriander 香菜plumule 胚芽endosperm 胚乳cotyledon 子叶hypocotyl 下胚轴epicoty上胚轴radicle 胚根seed coat（testa）种皮seed viability 种子活力seeding 幼苗harden off 炼苗cuttings 扦插division or separation 分蘖budding 芽接grafting 嫁接tissue culture 组织培养fungicide杀菌剂rot 腐烂compost 堆肥air layering 空中压条trench layering 开沟压条mound layering 起垄bulbs 鳞茎corms 球茎rhizomes 根茎tubers 块茎stolons/runners 匍匐茎suckers 萌蘖，根生枝tunic 苞叶onion 洋葱garlic 大蒜ginger 姜geophyte 地下芽植物epiphytic 附生植物的subterranean 地下的第五章Biotechnology 生物技术GMO 转基因生物Violet 紫罗兰，淡紫色Pigmentation 染色Portray 描述Prosperity 繁荣Nominal 名义上的Lilac 淡紫色Resemble 类似，像Fragrant 香气Scent 气味Delphinidin 花脆素Hue 色彩Yield 产量Organic 有机的Pollute 污染Phytoplankton 浮游植物Algae 藻类Ecosystem 生态系统Pest control 害虫防治Fungi 真菌Pesticide 农药Pharmaceutical 药物Precise 精确的Resistance 抗性Ripening 成熟Cash crops 经济作物Canola 油菜，菜籽油Pathogen 病原菌Glyphosate 草甘膦(一种除草剂)Invasive weeds 入侵的杂草Analogue 类似物Foliage 叶子Meristem 顶端分生组织Synthesis 合成Tyrosine 酪氨酸Tryptophan 色氨酸Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸Carcinogenic 致癌的Teratogenic 致畸的Bacterium 细菌Promoter 启动子Plasmid 质粒Acetosyringone 乙酰丁香酮Integrate 整合Cytokinin 细胞分裂素Auxin 植物激素，植物生长素第六章Grafting嫁接Graft接穗Detached离体的Scion接穗Stock or rootstock根茎Dwarfing矮化的Furnish供给Wither枯萎Mouldy发霉的Decay衰退衰减Bark咳嗽咆哮Constitution构造Converging合并Severance分离Casualty意外事故Adhesion粘附Affinity亲和性Alburnum边材Ligatures绷带绑扎Cleft裂口Grafting chisel嫁接凿Grafting mallet嫁接锤Saw锯子Cuticle角质层Compatibility兼容性Anatomy解剖学Cambium形成层Pith精髓Scar结疤Desiccation干燥Parafilm保鲜膜Knot结瘤Monoecious雌雄同株的Exertion运用发挥Apricot杏Almond扁桃仁Plum李子Chestnut栗子Oak橡树Medlar枸杞Hawthorn山楂Chionanthus流苏Ash白蜡木Sorbus山梨Panicled flow圆锥花序第七章Training整枝Pruning 修剪Cropload 坐果量Crotch 分叉Scaffold branch 主枝Water sprout 徒长枝Reinvigoration 更新Apical dominace 顶端优势Apex 生长点Heading back 短截Thinning out 疏剪Pinching 摘心Deshooting 疏枝Stubs 断枝Broken branches 空折枝Rubbing branches 摩擦枝Whorls 轮生枝Rhizosphere 根际环境Sap 树液Leaf canopy 叶冠Espalier树墙Raffia 拉菲亚树Candelabra 烛台状树枝Oblique 倾斜Spindle 纺锤型Palmette or fan 棕榈叶型/扇型Formative year 形成期Hedgerow 绿篱Hedger 灌木修边机Limb 主枝，大枝Tree geometries 树几何造型Trapezoid 梯形Pillar 支柱，柱形物Sphere 球体Conical section 锥形截面Central leader 主干疏层型Vase 开心型Rectangular box 长方体Cone锥形Hedge 树篱Stonefruit 核果Supersede取代Timber 木材Bonsai 盆栽Permeable 能透过的有渗透性的Fabric 织物，材料第八章Harvesting收割Marketing销售Perishable易腐败的Deterioration退化Ripening成熟Grading分级Packing包装Appearance外观Texture质地Flavor风味nutritive value营养价值Gloss光彩Firmness坚定，坚固Crispness易碎Juiciness多汁的Mealiness粉状Toughness韧性，强度Carbohydrate碳水化合物Sourness酸味Astringency收敛性，味蕾Bitterness苦味Aroma芳香off-flavor异味Lipid油脂Minerals矿物Maturity成熟期Chlorophyll叶绿素Volatile挥发性的，不稳定的Terpene萜烯Respiration 呼吸作用Transpiration蒸腾作用Ethylene乙烯Climacteric重要时期Cherimoya番荔枝Mango芒果durian 榴莲Prickly pear 仙人掌Avocado鳄梨Guava番石榴Plantain车前草Carambola杨桃Parsley荷兰芹Sanitary卫生的Cuticle角质层Lenticel皮孔Stoma气孔Senescence衰老Starch淀粉Fungistatic compound抑菌化合物Commodities商品Jujube. 枣子，枣树；cranberry蔓越莓cantaloupe 哈密瓜cowpea 豇豆feijoa 斐济果guava 番石榴kumquat 金桔lima bean 菜豆，青豆longan 龙眼mandarin 柑橘pepino 香瓜茄chayote 佛手瓜okra 秋葵snap bean 四季豆carambola 杨桃lime 青柠檬casaba 香瓜persian波斯甜瓜winter melon 冬瓜Rambutan 红毛丹果taro 芋头breadfruit 面包果cherimoya 番荔枝jackfruit 菠萝蜜Jicama 豆薯Lemon 柠檬Mangosteen 山竹果Persimmon 柿子Kiwifruit 奇异果Nectarine油桃Plum李子Lychee荔枝Brazil nut 巴西胡桃Cashew 腰果Filbert 榛子Macadamia 夏威夷果Pecan 美洲山核桃Pistachio 开心果Perforated 穿孔的ascorbic acid抗坏血酸Necrosis坏死Riboflavin 维生素b2Thiamine 硫胺素维生素b1Susceptibility 敏感性Decay衰败，腐烂Bruise擦伤Vibration振动第九章Genotype 基因型Phenotype表现型Heredity遗传性Chromosome染色体Transcribe 转录Eukaryotic真核的Prokaryotic原核的Allele等位基因Meiosis减数分裂Gamete配子Zygote受精卵Homozygous纯合子Heterozygous杂合子Domestication驯化Carnation康乃馨self-pollination or autogamy自花授粉cross-pollination or allogamy异花授粉Geitonogamy同株异花授粉Homozygosity纯合性Inbreeding近亲交配Self-Incompatibility自交不亲和Hybrid vigor, or heterosis杂种优势Inbred or pure lines纯合系Polyploidy 多倍体Monoploid (haploid)单倍体Diploid二倍体Triploid三倍体Tetraploid四倍体Pentaploid五倍体Hexaploid六倍体Septaploid七倍体Octoploid八倍体。

英语学科专业知识试题

英语学科专业知识试题一、选择题1. The noun form of the adjective "happy" is _______.A) happinessB) happilyC) happierD) happiest2. Which of the following words is spelled correctly?A) recieveB) beleiveC) achieveD) deceive3. "I haven't seen him _______ yesterday." Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.A) sinceB) forC) fromD) until4. "What time _______ your English class start?" Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.A) doesB) doC) isD) has5. The sentence "She sings beautifully" is an example of _______.A) a simple sentenceB) a compound sentenceC) a complex sentenceD) a compound-complex sentence二、填空题1. She _______ a book when her friend called her.2. The teacher asked the students _______ their homework.3. The students _______ very tired after the exam.4. _______ he speaks English fluently, he still makes some mistakes.5. The movie was _______ interesting that I watched it twice.三、简答题1. What is the difference between "its" and "it's"? Give examples.2. Explain the concept of subject-verb agreement and give an example.3. What is the purpose of using conjunctions in a sentence? Give two examples of conjunctions and explain their functions.4. Describe the structure of a basic sentence. Provide an example sentence and label its components (subject, verb, and object).5. What are modal verbs? Give three examples of modal verbs and explain their uses.注意：以上是示例题目，实际考试题目可能不同。

应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料

应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料专业英语复习资料一、请写出以下单词的中文意思。

1、floppy disk软盘2、printer打印机3、optical disk光盘4、formatting toolbar 格式工具条5、formula方程式6、relational database关系数据库7、antivirus program抗病毒程序8、fragmented破碎9、user interface用户界面10、bus line总线11、smart card智能卡12、motherboard主板13、digital camera数码相机14、fax machine传真机15、ink-jet printer喷墨打印机16、access time访问时间17、direct access直接存取18、Bluetooth蓝牙19、digital signal数字签名20、protocols协议21、operating system 操作系统22．requirements analysis 需求分析23．network security 网络安全24．data structure 数据结构25．decision support system 决策支持系统26．software crisis 软件危机27．computer virus 电脑病毒28．email attachment 电邮附件29．central processing unit ( CPU )中央处理单元30．ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机31. multimedia 多媒体32. software life cycle软件生命周期33. structured programming 结构化程序34. functional testing 功能测试35. word processor 文字处理36. code windows 代码窗口37. firewall 防火墙38. LAN local area network局域网39. hacker 黑客40. switch 开关41．数据库管理系统database management system42．传输控制协议transmission control protocol43．多文档界面multiple document interface 44．面向对象编程Object-oriented programming 45．只读存储器read-only memory46．数字视频光盘Digital Video Disc47．计算机辅助设计computer aided design48．结构化查询语言Structured Query Language49．通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus50．企业之间的电子商务交易方式EDi二、单项选择题。

专业英语课程考试题库

专业英语课程考试题库1. Multiple Choice Questions- Which of the following is NOT a component of SWOT analysis?A. StrengthsB. WeaknessesC. OpportunitiesD. Threats- The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviors is known as:A. Market segmentationB. Market positioningC. Market penetrationD. Market development- What does the acronym GDP stand for?A. Gross Domestic ProductB. General Distribution PointC. Gross Development ProtocolD. Global Demand Projection2. True or False- Focusing on the four Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) is primarily relevant to B2C businesses.- A company's mission statement outlines its core purpose and values, guiding its strategic decisions and operations.3. Fill in the Blanks- A company that differentiates itself through product innovation and design may use _______________ as a competitive strategy.- _____________ refers to the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about a specific market, customers, or competitors.4. Short Answer- Explain the concept of diversification in the context of business strategy.- What are the key differences between inbound marketing and outbound marketing?5. Essay Questions- Discuss the impact of globalization on international business and the importance of cross-cultural communication in today's interconnected world.- Analyze the role of technology in shaping modern marketing strategies and the challenges faced by businesses in adapting to digital advancements.以上是专业英语课程考试题库的内容，希望能为考生们的学习和备考提供帮助。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题每小题1分，共30小题1、Which of the following is NOT true about sound and meaning （）A.The relationship between them is conventionalB.The symbolic connection between them is almost always arbitraryC.In different languages the same concept can be represented by the same soundsD.There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself2、The verb take, which belongs to the basic word stock, may mean: to carry from one place to another; to get for oneself; to be willing to accept, etc. This example shows basic word stock is characterized by__（）A.stabilityB.productivityC.polysemyD.collocability3、The English expression long time no see is from the Chinese expression好久不见,so it can be classified into __ according to the manner of borrowing（）A.denizensB.liensC.semantic-loansD.translation-loans4、After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated England. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as__ English（）A.OldB.NewC.MiddleD.Modern5、Which of the following is NOT true（）A.Old English was a highly inflected languageB.English is more closely related to German than FrenchC.Modern English is considered to be an analytic languageD.In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side6、There are such new words as open heart surgery, and spaceshuttle in Modern English. These words show__（）A.the invasion of foreign countriesB.social, economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modern science and technology7、Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes（）A.carsB.virusC.teacherD.happier8、The basic form of a word which CANNOT be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a__（）A.prefixB.suffixC.rootD.bound morpheme9、There is/are__ monomorphemic word（s） in the following words: desire, bossy, bird, feet, southward（）A.1B.2C.3D.410、Which of the following words has a prefix of attitude （）A.misconductB.unwrapC.anti-nuclearD.mini-election11、Examination has given way to its shortened form exam. This is the example of__ in word formation（）A.clippingB.acronymypoundingD.conversion12、The following suffixes come at the end of noun stems to form abstract nouns EXCEPT__（）A.-domB.-ageC.-shipD.-eer13、In word meaning, the relationship between language and the world is__by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about（）A.referenceB.conceptC.senseD.motivation14、In modern English some words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises, and the sounds suggest their meanings, like hiss, cuckoo, and buzz. These words are __motivated（）A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.ctymologically15、Mother, denoting a "female parent", is often associated with "love", "care", etc. This example shows that words have__ meaning（）A.affectiveB.stylisticC.connotativeD.collocative16、The words right, write and rite are__（）A.homophonesB.homographsC.perfect homonymsD.perfect synonyms17、Which of the following pairs of synonyms comes from the source of figurative and euphemistic use of words（）A.help—lend one a handB.wise—sageC.lie—distort the factD.job—gig18、The following words make up the semantic field of fruits EXCEPT__（）A.apricotB.celeryC.ateD.avocado19、Some phrases containing material nouns are shortened and only the material nouns are left to refer to objects made of them, for example silver now used for " silver dollar". This is a process of__ of meaning（）A.generalizationB.specializationC.elevationD.degradation20、Which of the following shows degradation of word meaning （）A.meat meaning from "food" to "flesh of animalsB.angel meaning from" messenger" to" messenger of GodC.butcher meaning from "one who kills goats" to "one who kills animalsD.villain meaning from "a person who worked in a villa" "an evil or wicked person21、Which of the following shows that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning（）A.Bulb is used for "light bulbB.The meaning of the word fortuitous changed from "accidental" to "fortunateC.The word pig is used for live animals while pork from French is used for pigs killed and brought to the tableD.Words like democracy, human rights, revolution have different meanings in different societies22、The following factors may lead to ambiguity EXCEPT__（）A.polysemyB.homonymyC.grammatical structureD.word class23、The word paper means differently in the phrases a sheet of paper and today‘s paper, which shows that __context affects the meaning of words（）A.non-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.social24、What context clue is used in the sentence Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory（）A.Sentence patternB.Word structureC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy25、The expression in question meaning "being considered" CANNOT be turned into in the question. This example indicates__（）A.the constituents of idioms cannot be replacedB.the word order cannot be inverted or changedC.the various words that make up the idioms have lost their individual identityD.the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article26、Which of the following is an idiom adjectival in nature （）A.Jack of all tradesB.beyond the paleC.follow one‘s noseD.make it27、Alliteration is used in the following idioms EXCEPT__（）A.wear and tearB.might and mainC.rough and readyD.toss and turn28、One can find the definition of the headword wind and additional knowledge about winds such as types and names of winds, their velocity, force, etc. in a（n） __ dictionary （）A.linguisticB.encyclopedicC.unabridgedD.pocket29、The main body of a dictionary is its__ of words（）A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionage30、The definition of aide is "An aide is person who works as an assistant to someone with an important job, especially in government or armed forces". Such a definition is most likely to be found in__（）A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English（1987）B.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（1987）C.Chinese-English Dictionary（1995）D.Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English（1975）二、简答题每小题5分，共4小题1、What is a free morpheme2、Form compounds by using the following elements （each one can be used only once）: cry-; sit-; law-; out-;bitter--in;-sweet; -break;-baby; -abiding3、What is radiation in the sense of development of word-meaning4、Explain what leads to ambiguity in the sentence He is a hard businessman三、论述题每小题10分，共2小题1、What is stylistic meaning of word Use domicile, residence, abode, and home to illustrate the stylistic difference of synonyms2、Comment on the characteristics of antonyms by illustrating the following pair of sentences. （1）How tall is his brother （2）How short is his brother四、填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题1、A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given__ and meaning and syntactic function2、Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, and__3、The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is__4、I promised to babysit for my neighbor this weekend. In the sense of word formation, the underlined word babysit is formed by__5、Semantic motivation refers to the__ associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word6、Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. Take flower and rose as an example. Flower is the__ term while rose is the subordinate term7、Barn was once "a place for storing only barley", but now means "storeroom". This is an example of __of meaning8、The word become means differently in the structures "become adj." and "become +of. " This shows that __context may affect the meaning of words9、Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent __, for instance, by twos and threes cannot be turned into by threes and twos10、The headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the __ language in monolingual dictionaries五、名词解释题每小题3分，共5小题1、terminology2、compounding3、homonyms4、linguistic context （in a narrow sense）5、phrasal verbs参考答案：【一、单项选择题】1~5CCDAD6~10DBCBC11~30点击下载查看答案【二、简答题】1Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes areconsidered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.21) crybaby;2) sit-in;3) law-abiding;4) outbreak;5) bitter-sweet3Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another.4The word hard in this context can mean both 查看答案【五、名词解释题】1Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.2Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.3Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.4In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context.5Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. and/ or a particle.。

专业英语复习要点1

专业英语复习要点1考试时间：90分试题总分：100分考试题型：选择题——30％（课内）完型题——30％（课内、课外）阅读题——20％(课外)判断题——20％（课内）复习要点：1. Windows 2000 provides you with quick and easy access to the Internet, no matter what programs you are running or tasks you are performing.不管正在运行何种程序或执行何种任务，Windows 2000使你能快速而方便地访问互联网。

2. Internet Explorer lets you search the Internet for people, business, and information about subjects that interest you. Internet Explorer使你能在互联网找人，查询某个企业，以及感兴趣的相关主题信息。

3. Encryption is the way to solve the data security problem.加密术是解决数据安全问题的一种方法。

4. Almost all encryption schemes used in the Internet uses asymmetric key encryption for exchanging the symmetric encryption key, and symmetric encryption for better performance.在互联网中几乎所有的加密方案都使用非对称密钥加密来交换对称加密密钥，然后使用对称密钥以得到更好的性能。

5. Since the advent(出现，到来) of the Internet and computer network security, many people have sought for firewall.由于互联网和计算机网络安全的出现，许多人都在寻找防火墙。