初一英语需要掌握的三种时态

现在进行时

一、概念

现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．

结构：助动词be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.

二、现在分词的构成：

1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．

Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking

2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,

如come-coming , have-having ,

make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．

3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing 如：hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．

4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,

如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比

较’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．

5. 以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick,再加-ing,eg:

panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．

三、句型结构：

1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be ( is / am / are ) 上．

1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分

I am singing . They are writing .

2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分

I am not singing . They aren’t w riting .

3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分

Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .

Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .

4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分

What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).

2. 缩写形式如下:

I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s

It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re

3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：

see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．

四．用法：

1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调．

We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．

2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：

He’s talking to his friends in the classroom.

可用still 一词强调动作的持续性

He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.

3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．

Mr. Black is writing another article.

Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.

She is learning piano under Mr. Black.

4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：

What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.

5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：

People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.

6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．

The leaves are turning brown.

It’s getting colder and colder.

7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．

You are always changing your mind.

8. 现在进行时(以及be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思：He’s arriving tomorrow morning.

9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：

He is always s inging at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.

练习

一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:

1. ______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.

2. ______you___________(sit) in the boat?

3. ______he_____________(talk) with me?

4. We_______________(play) football now.

5. What_________you__________(do)?