第十章心理语言学.

The research scope of psycholinguistics
语言过程和语言学知识
心理语言学研究包括两个核心问题： 1、使用语言需要什么语言知识？ 意会知识：如何实施各种行动的知识。 外显知识：在这些行动中所使用的过程或者机制方面的 知识。 语言知识的四大领域：语义学、句法学、音位学、语用 学 2、日常语言的使用牵涉到什么认知过程？ 认知过程指知觉、记忆和思维之类的过程。
Contents
Language comprehension Language production Language acquisition (Chapter 14 SLA) Researches
nguage comprehension
2.1 Word recognition Frequency Effects Recency Effects Context Semantic Association Network 2.2 Lexical ambiguity 2.3 Syntactic processing Garden Path: Garden Path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have. It typically takes quite a long time to figure out what the other structure is if the first choice turns out to be incorrect. Sometimes people never figure it out. They have been “led up the garden path,” fooled into thinking the sentence has a different structure than it has. 2.4 Semantic and sentence memory 2.5 Basic processes in reading
1.General Introduction
Definition Current issues of psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics The psychology of Language
Objective of psycholinguistics
The basic objective of psycholinguistics is to understand how the human mind/brain supports the learning, comprehension, and production of language. Understanding the whole process of language acquisition and stages of linguistic development Understanding the process of language production and language comprehension Getting a rough idea of the language loss Starting doing some simple researches in psycholinguistics



大脑比天空辽阔， 因为，把它们放在一起， 前者能轻松地 包容后者，还有你。 大脑比海洋更深， 因为，把它们比一比，蓝对 蓝 前者能吸收后者， 像吊桶，也像海绵。 大脑和上帝重量一致， 因为，把它们称一称，磅对 磅， 它们，如果有区别， 就像音乐不同于音响。
Subjects
Normal children Normal adults Aphasics
儿童语言
一个一岁左右的小孩如何与其母亲交流？ 通常情况下，此年龄的儿童每次只能讲出仅仅一个词 语。 作为语言使用的入门者，小孩也许懂得了恰当使用语 言的一些规则，至少是讲不出来而内心明白。 另外小孩的语言中没有封闭词（如介词、连词等）， 而偏爱开放词（如名词、动词、形容词），这种现 象表明，小孩对这两种语法类别已有直观理解。
Psychol Is Wider Than The Sky Emily Dickinson
The brain is wider than the sky, For put them side by side, The one the other will include With ease, and you beside. The brain is deeper than the sky, For, hold them blue to blue, The one the other will absorb As sponges, buckets do. The brain is just the weight of God, For lift them, pound for pound, And they will differ, if they do, As syllable from sound.
失语症患者的言语 失语症是脑损伤所致的语言障碍。如韦尼克失 语症是患者由于脑损伤而导致语义知识受损。 例： (4)Before I was in the one here,I was over in the other one.My sister had the department in the other one. 患者的音位知识没有受到损害，尽管语义不通， 其发音流利清晰，停顿适当，语调准确。