关于糖尿病的英文文章
高考英语最新热点时文阅读：糖尿病发病率约为6%,但每个国家都会受到影响(含练习题)
Diabetes levels are around six percent, but every country will be affected 糖尿病发病率约为6%，但每个国家都会受到影响中文新闻：糖尿病发病率约为6%，但每个国家都会受到影响一项新的研究表明，如果不采取预防措施，未来30年世界上每个国家的糖尿病发病率都将上升。
华盛顿大学健康计量与评估研究所的研究人员撰写了这项研究。
研究人员发现，目前世界上有5.29亿糖尿病患者。
研究人员预计，到2050年，这一数字将增加到13亿左右。
研究人员说，大多数病例是2型糖尿病，这种疾病与极端体重或肥胖有关，而且在很大程度上是可以预防的。
预计糖尿病水平的增长在世界各地并不相同。
一些国家将比其他国家受到更大的影响。
例如，到2050年，预计北非和中东的糖尿病发病率将达到17%左右，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的糖尿病发病率将达到11%左右。
全球的预测比率约为10%。
糖尿病的快速增长速度不仅令人震惊，而且对世界上每个卫生系统都是一个挑战。
英文新闻：Diabetes levels are around six percent, but everycountry will be affectedA new study says that every country in the world will see diabetes rates increase in the next 30 years if preventive steps are not taken. Researchers from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington wrote the study. The researchers found there are currently 529 million people in the world with diabetes.Researchers expect that the number will increase to around 1.3 billion people by 2050. The majority of the cases are type 2 diabetes, the form of the disease that is linked to extreme weight, or obesity, and is largely preventable, the researchers said.The increases in diabetes levels are not expected to be the same around the world. Some countries will be affected more than others. For example, diabetes levels are expected to reach about 17 percent in North Africa and the Middle East and about 11 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2050. The predicted rate for the world is about 10 percent.The rapid rate at which diabetes is growing is not only alarming but also challenging for every health system in the world.重点词汇1. diabetes英/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ 美/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/n. 糖尿病2. preventable英 /prɪˈventəbl/ 美 /prɪˈventəbl/adj. 可预防的听双语新闻-填词Diabetes levels are around six percent, but every country will be affectedA new study says that every country in the world will see diabetes rates increase in the next 30 years if preventive steps are not taken. Researchers from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington wrote the study. The researchers found there are 1 529 million people in the world with diabetes.Researchers expect that the number will increase to around 1.3 billion people by 2050. The 2 of the cases are type 2 diabetes, the form of the disease that is linked to extreme weight, or obesity, and is largely preventable, the researchers said.The increases in diabetes levels are not expected to be the same around the world. Some countries will be affected more than others. For example, diabetes levels are expected to 3 about 17 percent in North Africa and the Middle East and about 11 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2050. The predicted rate for the world is about 10 percent.The rapid rate at which diabetes is growing is not only alarming but also challenging for every health system in the world.听双语新闻-语法填空Diabetes levels are around six percent, but every country will be affectedA new study says that every country in the world will see diabetes rates increase in the next 30 years if preventive steps are not taken. Researchers fromthe Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington wrote the study. The researchers found there are currently 529 million people in the world with diabetes.Researchers expect that the number will increase to around 1.3 billion people by 2050. The majority of the cases are type 2 diabetes, the form of the disease that is linked to extreme weight, or obesity, 1 is largely preventable, the researchers said.The increases in diabetes levels are not expected to be the same around the world. Some countries will be 2 (affect) more than others. For example, diabetes levels are expected to reach about 17 percent in North Africa and the Middle East and about 11 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2050. The predicted rate for the world is about 10 percent.The rapid rate at which diabetes is growing is not only alarming but also 3 (challenge) for every health system in the world.填词练习答案1. currently2. majority3. reach语法填空答案1. and2. affected3. challenging。
糖尿病的英文文章
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------糖尿病的英文文章第一篇 Diabetes mellitus type 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Diabetes mellitus type 2 Classification and external resources Universal blue circle symbol for diabetes.[1] ICD-10 E11 ICD-9 250. 00, 250. 02 OMIM 125853 DiseasesDB 3661 MedlinePlus 000313 eMedicine article/117853 MeSH D003924 Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorderthat is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.[2] This is in contrast todiabetes mellitus type 1, in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas.[3] The classic symptoms are excess thirst, frequent urination, and constant hunger. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes. Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes in people who are genetically predisposed to the disease. Type 2 diabetes is initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. If blood glucose levels are not adequately lowered by these1 / 18measures, medications such as metformin or insulin may be needed. In those on insulin, there is typically the requirement to routinely check blood sugar levels. Rates of type 2 diabetes have increased markedly over the last 50 years in parallel with obesity: As of 2010 there are approximately 285 million people with the disease compared to around 30 million in 1985.[4][5]Long-term complications from high blood sugar can include heart disease,strokes, diabetic retinopathy where eyesight is affected, kidney failurewhich may require dialysis, and poor circulation of limbs leading toamputations. The acute complication of ketoacidosis, a feature of type 1 diabetes, is uncommon.[6] However, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma may occur. Contents [hide] 1 Signs and symptoms o 1. 1 Complications2 Cause o 2. 1 Lifestyle o 2. 2 Genetics o 2.3 Medical conditions3 Pathophysiology4 Diagnosis5 Screening6 Prevention7 Management o 7. 1 Lifestyle o 7. 2 Medications o 7. 3 Surgery8 Epidemiology9 History 10 References 11 External links Signs and symptoms Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss.[7] Other symptoms that are commonly present at diagnosis include: a---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ history of blurred vision,itchiness, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent vaginal infections, and fatigue. Many people, however, have no symptoms during the first few years and are diagnosed on routine testing. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus may rarely present with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (a condition of very high blood sugar associated with a decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure).[3] Complications Main article: Complications of diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes is typically a chronic disease associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy.[4] This is partly due to a number of complications with which it is associated, including: two to four times the risk of cardiovascular disease, includingischemic heart disease and stroke; a 20-fold increase in lower limb amputations, and increased rates of hospitalizations.[4] In the developed world, and increasingly elsewhere, type 2 diabetes is the largest cause of nontraumatic blindnessand kidney failure.[8] It has also been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementiathrough disease processes such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.[9] Other complications include:acanthosis nigricans, sexual dysfunction, and3 / 18frequent infections.[7] Cause The development of type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors.[8][10] While some are under personal control, such as diet and obesity, others, such as increasing age, female gender, and genetics, are not.[4] A lack of sleep has been linked to type 2 diabetes.[11] This is believed to act through its effect on metabolism.[11] The nutritional status of a mother during fetal development may also play a role, with one proposed mechanism being that of altered DNA methylation.[12] Lifestyle Main article: Lifestyle causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 diabetes, including:obesity (defined by a body mass index of greater than thirty), lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization.[4] Excess body fat is associated with 30% of cases in those of Chinese and Japanese descent, 60-80% of cases in those of European and African descent, and 100% of Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders.[3]Those who are not obese often have a high waisthip ratio.[3] Dietary factors also influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in excess is associated with an increased risk.[13][14] The type of fats in the diet are also important, withsaturated fats and---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ trans fatty acids increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreasing the risk.[10] Eating lots of white rice appears to also play a role in increasing risk.[15] A lack of exercise is believed to cause 7% of cases.[16] Genetics Main article: Genetic causes of diabetes mellitus type2 Most cases of diabetes involve many genes, with each beinga small contributor to an increased probability of becoming a type 2 diabetic.[4] If one identical twin has diabetes, the chance of the other developing diabetes within his lifetime is greater than 90% while the rate for nonidentical siblings is 25-50%.[3]As of 2019, more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes.[17] All of these genes together still only account for 10% of the total heritable component of the disease. The TCF7L2allele, for example, increases the risk of developing diabetes by 1.5 times and is the greatest risk of the common genetic variants. Most of the genes linked to diabetes are involved in beta cell functions.[3] There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene (known asmonogenic forms of diabetes or other specific types of diabetes).[3][4] These include maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue5 / 18syndrome, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, among others.[4] Maturity onset diabetes of the young constitute 15% of all cases of diabetes in young people.[18] Medical conditions There are a number of medications and other health problems that can predispose to diabetes.[19] Some of the medications include: glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics,[20] andstatins.[21]Those who have previously had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.[7] Other health problems that are associated include: acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism,pheochromocytoma, and certain cancers such as glucagonomas.[19] Testosterone deficiency is also associated with type 2 diabetes.[22][23] Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance.[3] Insulin resistance, which is the inability of cells to respond adequately to normal levels of insulin, occurs primarily within the muscles, liver, and fat tissue.[24] In the liver, insulin normally suppresses glucose release. However, in the setting of insulin resistance, the liver inappropriately releases glucose into the blood.[4] The proportion of insulin resistance versus beta cell dysfunction differs among individuals, with some having---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------7 / 18primarily insulin resistance and only a minor defect in insulin secretion and others with slight insulin resistance and primarily a lack of insulin secretion.[3] Other potentially important mechanisms associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance include: increased breakdown of lipids within fat cells, resistance to and lack of incretin, high glucagon levels in the blood, increased retention of salt and water by the kidneys, and inappropriate regulation of metabolism by thecentral nervous system.[4] However, not all people with insulin resistance develop diabetes, since an impairment of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells is also required.[3] Diagnosis The World Health Organizationdefinitionofdiabetes (both type 1 and type 2) is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms, otherwise tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose a plasma glucose 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) A random blood sugar of greater than 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dL) in association with typical symptoms[7] or aglycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of greater than 6.5% is another method of diagnosing diabetes.[4] In 2009 an InternationalExpert Committee that included representatives of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) recommended that a threshold of 6.5% HbA1c should be used to diagnose diabetes. This recommendation was adopted by the American Diabetes Association in 2010.[28] Positive tests should be repeated unless the person presents with typical symptoms and blood sugars 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl).[29] Threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is based on the relationship between results of glucose tolerance tests, fasting glucose or HbA1c and complications such as retinal problems.[4] A fasting or random blood sugar is preferred over the glucose tolerance test, as they are more convenient for people.[4] HbA1c has the advantages that fasting is not required and results are more stable but has the disadvantage that the test is more costly than measurement of blood glucose.[30] It is estimated that 20% of people with diabetes in the United States do not realize that they have the disease.[4] Diabetes mellitus type 2 is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.[2] This is in contrast to diabetes mellitus type 1 in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ destruction of islet cells in the pancreas and gestational diabetes mellitus that is a new onset of high blood sugars in associated with pregnancy.[3] Type 1 and type 2 diabetes can typically be distinguished based on the presenting circumstances.[29] If the diagnosis is in doubt antibody testing may be useful to confirm type 1 diabetes and C-peptide levels may be useful to confirm type 2 diabetes,[31] with C-peptide levels normal or high in type 2 diabetes, but low in type 1 diabetes. Screening No major organization recommends universal screening for diabetes as there is no evidence that such a program would improve outcomes.[32] Screening is recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force in adults without symptoms whose blood pressure is greater than 135/80 mmHg.[33] For those whose blood pressure is less, the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against screening.[33] The World Health Organizationrecommends only testing those groups at high risk.[32] High-risk groups in the United States include: those over 45 years old; those with a first degree relative with diabetes; some ethnic groups, including Hispanics, African-Americans, and Native-Americans;a history of gestational diabetes; polycystic ovary syndrome;9 / 18excess weight; and conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.[7] Prevention Main article: Prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 Onset of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented through proper nutrition and regular exercise.[34][35]Intensive lifestyle measures may reduce the risk by over half.[8] The benefit of exercise occurs regardless of the person’s initial weight or subsequent weight loss.[36] Evidence for the benefit of dietary changes alone, however, is limited,[37] with some evidence for a diet high in green leafy vegetables[38] and some for limiting the intake of sugary drinks.[13] In those with impaired glucose tolerance, diet and exercise either alone or in combination with metformin or acarbose may decrease the risk of developing diabetes.[8][39] Lifestyle interventions are more effective than metformin.[8] Management Further information: Diabetes management Management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle interventions, lowering other cardiovascular risk factors, and maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range.[8] Self-monitoring of blood glucose for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was recommended by the British National Health Service in 2008,[40] however the benefit of self monitoring in those not using multi-dose insulin is---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ questionable.[8][41] Managing other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and microalbuminuria, improves a person’s life expectancy.[8] Intensive blood pressure management (less than 130/80 mmHg) as opposed to standard blood pressure management (less than 140160/85100 mmHg) results in a slight decrease in stroke risk but no effect on overall risk of death.[42] Intensive blood sugar lowering (HbA1c6%) as opposed to standard blood sugar lowering (HbA1c of 77.9%) does not appear to change mortality.[43][44] The goal of treatment is typically an HbA1c of less than 7% or a fasting glucose of less than 6.7 mmol/L (120 mg/dL) however these goals may be changed after professional clinical consultation, taking into account particular risks of hypoglycemia and life expectancy.[7] It is recommended that all people with type 2 diabetes get regular ophthalmology examination.[3] Lifestyle A proper diet and exercise are the foundations of diabetic care,[7] with a greater amount of exercise yielding better results.[45] Aerobic exercise leads to a decrease in HbA1c and improved insulin sensitivity.[45]Resistance training is also useful and the combination of both types of exercise may be most11 / 18effective.[45] Adiabetic diet that promotes weight loss is important.[46] While the best diet type to achieve this is controversial[46] a low glycemic index diet has been found to improve blood sugar control.[47] Culturally appropriate education may help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar levels, for up to six months at least.[48] If changes in lifestyle in those with mild diabetes has not resulted in improved blood sugars within six weeks, medications should then be considered.[7] Medications Metformin 500mg tablets There are several classes of anti-diabetic medications available. Metforminis generally recommended as a first line treatment as there is some evidence that it decreases mortality.[8] A second oral agent of another class may be used if metformin is not sufficient.[49] Other classes of medications include: sulfonylureas, nonsulfonylurea secretagogues, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, anddipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.[8][50] Metformin should not be used in those with severe kidney or liver problems.[7] Injections of insulin may either be added to oral medication or used alone.[8] Most people do not initially need insulin.[3] When it is used, a long-acting formulation is typically added---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------at night, with oral medications being continued.[7][8] Doses are then increased to effect (blood sugar levels being well controlled).[8] When nightly insulin is insufficient twice daily insulin may achieve better control.[7] The long acting insulins, glargine and detemir, do not appear much better than neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin but have a significantly greater cost making them, as of 2010, not cost effective.[51] In those who are pregnant insulin is generally the treatment of choice.[7] Surgery Weight loss surgery in those who are obese is an effective measure to treat diabetes.[52] Many are able to maintain normal blood sugar levels with little or no medications following surgery[53] and long term mortality is decreased.[54] There however is some short term mortality risk of less than 1% from the surgery.[55] The body mass index cutoffs for when surgery is appropriate are not yet clear.[54] It however is recommended that this option be considered in those who are unable to get both their weight and blood sugar under control.[56] Prevalence of diabetes worldwide in 2019 (per 1000 inhabitants). World average was 2.8%. Globally as of 2010 it was estimated that there were 285 million people with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of13 / 18diabetes cases.[4] This is equivalent to about 6% of the world’s adult population.[57] Diabetes is common both in the developed and the developing world.[4] It remains uncommon, however, in the underdeveloped world.[3] Women seem to be at a greater risk as do certain ethnic groups,[4][58] such as South Asians, Pacific Islanders, Latinos, and Native Americans.[7] This may be due to enhanced sensitivity to a Western lifestyle in certain ethnic groups.[59] Traditionally considered a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in children in parallel with rising obesity rates.[4]Type 2 diabetes is now diagnosed as frequently as type 1 diabetes in teenagers in the United States.[3] Rates of diabetes in 1985 were estimated at 30 million, increasing to 135 million in 1995 and 217 million in 2005.[5] This increase is believed to be primarily due to the global population aging, a decrease in exercise, and increasing rates of obesity.[5] The five countries with the greatest number of people with diabetes as of 2019 are India having 31.7 million, China 20.8 million, the United States 17.7 million, Indonesia 8.4 million, and Japan 6.8 million.[60] It is recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization.[61] 第二篇What is Diabetes? If you have found your way to this page it is probably because you are---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ searching for everything there is to know about diabetes. Knowledge is power. You have questions and you need answers to have power over this chronic disease. The diseases which are listed under Diabetes Mellitus are many with the most common being Type-1 diabetes and Type-2 diabetes. These are diseases of the metabolic system and involve the body’s ability in metabolizing sugar using the hormone insulin. Insulin helps the cells use the simple sugar glucose which is needed for repair, growth and energy. In Type-1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin so those with this type of diabetes need to be on insulin therapy for their entire lives. Before 1 924 Type-1 diabetes usually ended with dead after a couple of years but with the advent of insulin those who have this disease are now able to manage this chronic condition. Type-1 diabetes is also known as juvenile diabetes because those who have this type of diabetes are usually diagnosed with it between the ages of 9 and 1 5 years of age. With Type-2 diabetes, the body produces plenty of insulin but cells are unable to use it. This type of diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and although it used to normally develop in older adults, Type 2 diabetes is now developing at all ages. Major risk factors for15 / 18Type-2 diabetes are unhealthy diets, little or no exercise and being overweight or obese. There is currently a world wide epidemic of Type-2 diabetes which researchers believe is being driven in many areas because of sedentary life styles revolving around computers, video games, television and fast foods. Fast food restaurants are now in every corner of our world. Diabetes in the US Currently in the United States 7.8% of the population or around 23.6 million people have diabetes with 5.7 million being undiagnosed. Most of those diagnosed have Type-2 diabetes and are usually 45 years of age or older. But this snapshot is changing as more children and adolescents are increasingly being diagnosed with this type of diabetes. Studies show that the most common complication of Type-2 diabetes is cardiovascular and it is also the most costly complication at a cost of approximately $7 billion of the $44 billion annual direct medical costs for diabetes. This figure is from 1 997 and many estimate that these figures could have doubled by now. Diabetes in India As of 2019 it was estimated that 1 71 million people globally suffered from diabetes or 2.8% of the population. Type-2 diabetes is the most common type worldwide. Figures for the year 2007 show that the 5 countries with the largest amount of people diagnosed with diabetes were---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ India (40.9 million), China (38.9 million), US (1 9.2 million), Russia (9.6 million), and Germany (7.4 million). Currently, India is the diabetes capital of the world. It is estimated that over 40 million of those with diabetes are currently in India and that by 2025 that number will grow to 70 million. In other words, 1 in every 5 diabetics in the world will live in India. Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure, is responsible for 5% of blindness in adults and 1 million limb amputations. Because of the chronic nature of diabetes, the relentlessness of its complications and the means required to control both diabetes and its complications; this disease is very costly, not only for affected individuals and families but also for the healthcare systems. Studies done in India estimate that for a low income family with an adult having diabetes, as much as 25% of the family’s income may nee d to be devoted to diabetes care. Stress also seems to be a greater risk factor in India for diabetes. It is important to de-stress according to each one’s disposition - for example spending quality time with friends and family, Yoga, breathing exercises, walking, meditation, aerobics and other fitness regimen can ward off diabetes. Preliminary findings of a recent study in India17 / 18among school children in the higher socio-economic group in Chennai showed child obesity is growing higher and girls were found to be disproportionately heavier than boys. Stopping the Epidemic It is really fairly simple - medical professionals believe that turning off the TV and computer and going outside to walk or exercise will go a long way to stopping this epidemic. Other suggestions include cutting calories in diets, snacking on whole grain and high-fiber foods, avoiding smoking and alcohol, exercising regularly and getting stress levels under control are pro-active ways to keep this diabetic epidemic from continuing to grow.。
糖尿病 英文作文
糖尿病英文作文Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millionsof people worldwide. It can be managed with medication, diet, and exercise.Living with diabetes requires constant monitoring of blood sugar levels and making healthy choices every day. It can be challenging, but with the right support and resources, it is possible to live a full and active life.Complications from diabetes can be serious, including heart disease, nerve damage, and vision problems. That'swhy it's important for people with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to prevent and manage these issues.Eating a balanced diet is crucial for managing diabetes. This means choosing foods that are low in sugar and high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It's also important to limit processed foods and sugary drinks.Exercise is another key component of diabetes management. Regular physical activity can help lower blood sugar levels, improve cardiovascular health, and maintain a healthy weight. Finding activities that you enjoy can make it easier to stay active.In conclusion, diabetes is a serious condition that requires daily attention and care. By staying informed, making healthy choices, and working closely with healthcare providers, it is possible to live well with diabetes.。
关于糖尿病的英文文章
关于糖尿病的英文文章糖尿病作为一种代谢性疾病，其患病率随经济的发展呈逐年增加趋势。
糖尿病对人体的危害主要是造成各种器官功能障碍和衰竭。
下面是店铺带来的关于糖尿病的英文文章，欢迎阅读!关于糖尿病的英文文章1糖尿病英文简介-What is diabetesDiabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today.The precentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly, to the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic.So what is diabetes?Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into energy. Instead glucose stays in your bloodstream, and left untreated can result in a range of complications.If you have recently been diagnosed as diabetic, don't worry. With proper treatment and care, you will lead a normal and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle - but then, if you are like me, you probably had plans to do that anyway and just never got round to it.Now is the time to kick yourself into action. You cannot leave this up to your doctor alone - it needs you to take responsibility for your own treatment, and that starts with understanding what you are dealing with.There are three types of Diabetes:Type 1 Diabetes, (sometimes called Juvenile Diabetes) is usually found in young children and teenagers, but can also occur later in life.In Type 1 Diabetes, your body is not producing insulin, ahormone needed to convert blood sugar into energy. Normally this hormone is produced by cells in your pancreas, but for some reason this is not happening as it should.As the glucose in your blood can't be converted into energy and absorbed by your cells, it builds up causing high blood sugar.Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.The normal treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is daily injections of insulin which keeps the blood sugar level within normal ranges.Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life.If you think this condition will prevent you leading an active life, consider Sir Steve Redgrave, one of the World's greatest Olympic athletes.Sir Steve battled type 1 diabetes to win his record-breaking fifth Olympic Gold medal at the Sydney games in the coxless fours rowing event!Type 2 diabetes (sometimes called mature onset diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes.As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.With Type 2 diabetes your body might be producing too little insulin, or it might not be reacting to the insulin correctly. Either way, the end result is that glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.Type 2 diabetes usually appears later in life, often between the ages of 35-45 years. As it often develops slowly, many people may not recognise the symptoms, and may have diabeteswithout knowing it.If you have recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Many people have diabetes without knowing it, and are at much greater risk of long term medical complications.Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle, but these changes are also good advice for non-diabetics, so probably a good idea anyway.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes, that is only suffered by pregnant women.In Gestational diabetes, a woman’s blood suga r is higher than normal because of the other hormones pridcued during preganancy interfere with the insulin that is produced naturally.Gestational diabetes usually becomes apparent during the 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy, and, in most cases, disappears of its own accord once the baby is born.Women with gestational diabetes usually do NOT have an increased risk of having a baby with birth defects.Generally, sufferers of gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the preganancy.Whilst there can be complications caused by gestational diabetes, these can usually be managed by careful attention to nutrition and blood sugar levels.Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the developed world suffer from gestational diabetes.关于糖尿病的英文文章2医学英语糖尿病专业词汇A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer] Accountability measures 质量改善度评量ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词] ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂长效型Adhesion molecule 黏着分子与动脉硬化形成有关，可被HDL 抑制Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐乙酰醋酸Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly]Acetone 丙酮Acetylsalicylic acid: [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林Acidosis 酸血症Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂Acromegaly肢端肥大症Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂新降血糖药物Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型人体胰岛素Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会Additive--Insulin胰岛素制剂之添加剂ADDQOL=Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量Adhesion--Insulin 胰岛素沾粘性Adrenergic blockers交感神经阻断剂Aducut--Delapril [Adecut-武田] 一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL=ADDQOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量Adult Treatment Panel III , National Cholesterol education Program =NCEP ATP IIIAER Albumin excretion rate尿液白蛋白排出率。
糖尿病简介英文版
糖尿病简介英文版Diabetes Mellitus: An OverviewIntroduction:Diabetes Mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It affects millions of individuals worldwide and poses a significant healthcare challenge. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of diabetes, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.Types of Diabetes:There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.1. Type 1 Diabetes:Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, typically occurs in children and young adults. It is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy.2. Type 2 Diabetes:Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. It is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits. Initially, it can be managed with lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and possibly oral medications. In severe cases, insulin therapy may be required.3. Gestational Diabetes:Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. It occurs when hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to insulin resistance. If left uncontrolled, it can pose risks for both the mother and the baby. Proper monitoring and management are crucial to prevent complications.Causes of Diabetes:The causes of diabetes vary depending on the type:1. Type 1 Diabetes:The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genes make individuals more susceptible to developing type 1 diabetes, and environmental triggers, such as viral infections, may initiate the autoimmune response.2. Type 2 Diabetes:Type 2 diabetes is primarily attributed to lifestyle factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits, and genetic predisposition. Excessive body weight and abdominal fat accumulation increase insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.3. Gestational Diabetes:The hormonal changes during pregnancy are the main cause of gestational diabetes. These hormones can obstruct the action of insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels.Symptoms of Diabetes:The symptoms of diabetes can vary, but some common signs include:1. Frequent urination2. Excessive thirst3. Unexplained weight loss4. Fatigue5. Blurred vision6. Slow healing of wounds7. Tingling sensation or numbness in the hands and feetDiagnosis of Diabetes:Diabetes can be diagnosed through various tests, including:1. Fasting Plasma Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar levels after fasting for at least 8 hours.2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Measures blood sugar levels before and 2 hours after consuming a glucose-rich drink.3. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Test: Measures average blood sugar levels over the past three months.Management of Diabetes:Diabetes management aims to keep blood sugar levels within the target range to prevent complications. It primarily involves:1. Healthy Eating: A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is essential. Avoiding sugary foods and drinks helps control blood sugar levels.2. Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week helps improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels.3. Medications: Depending on the type and severity of diabetes, oral medications, injectable drugs, or insulin may be prescribed to manage blood sugar levels effectively.4. Regular Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and periodic check-ups with healthcare professionals are crucial for adjusting treatment plans and preventing complications.Conclusion:Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition requiring lifelong management. Understanding the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies is crucial in effectively controlling blood sugar levels and preventing complications. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and working closely with healthcare professionals, individuals with diabetes can lead fulfilling lives and minimize the risks associated with the disease.。
关于糖尿病英语作文
关于糖尿病英语作文英文回答：Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body turns food into energy. There are two main types of diabetes:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose, or sugar, get from the blood into the cells. Without insulin, the blood sugar level rises.Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. It occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or does not use insulin well. This can also lead to high blood sugar levels.Diabetes can cause a number of health problems, including:Heart disease.Stroke.Kidney disease.Eye problems.Nerve damage.Amputations.Diabetes can be managed with a healthy diet, exercise, and medication. There is no cure for diabetes, but it can be controlled.中文回答：糖尿病是一种慢性病，会影响身体将食物转化为能量的方式。
糖尿病英文文章
糖尿病英文文章近年来随着人们的生活水平的提高及饮食结构的逐渐西化，糖尿病人数逐渐增多。
下面是店铺带来的糖尿病英文文章，欢迎阅读!糖尿病英文文章1一型糖尿病患者严格控制血糖或能长命百岁Ralph Dineen was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes more than 30 years ago. He wears an insulin pump and tests his blood sugar five times a day.“When I became diabetic it was a very confusing moment in my life. You know, I was about 30 years old and it came out of nowhere at me."Dineen participated in a study that lasted seven years in the mid-1980's. Half the participants, including Dineen, were instructed on how to maintain tight control of their blood sugar. The other half controlled their sugar more loosely.A new study looked at the data to determine whether this intensive blood sugar control would help reduce long-term complications of the disease like vision loss, kidney failure, nerve damage and heart disease.Dr.David Nathan at Massachusetts General Hospital led the study.“Tighter blood sugar control reduced those complications by as much as 60 to 70 percent."The researchers continued to follow 99 percent of these patients after the study ended in 1993. They wanted to see whether maintaining tighter blood sugar control early on would result in a longer lifespan.“And it turns out th at although the entire group is doing quite well, including those who were originally on conventionaltherapy, those with intensive therapy have a reduction in mortality by about 33 percent."“there is no thickening of the lens, no cataracts developing, wh ich is great…”“People with type 1 diabetes are not only doing better if they have intensive therapy but that their life span is probably approximating that in the non-diabetic population."Researchers are now trying to identify genetic and environmental causes of the disease and to see if they can get cells to produce insulin.The study was published in theJournal of the American Medical Association.糖尿病英文文章2科学家对新型糖尿病治疗感到乐观From VOA Learning English, this is Science in the News. I'm Kelly Jean Kelly.And I'm Avi Arditti. Researchers are reporting progress in treating Type 1 diabetes. Today we will tell you about their findings. We also have a report about the Kepler Space Telescope. American scientists are turning their attention to all the information it has gathered over the past four years. And researchers say extreme weather could be coming our way – from the sun. We will have more about their prediction.Researchers have come closer to improving treatment for people with Type 1 diabetes. They have successfully placed insulin-producing islet cells from one animal species into another without using anti-rejection medicines. In the future, the transplant operation could provide an unlimited supply of tissue to treat people whose bodies cannot produce insulin.Insulin is a hormone produced naturally by the pancreas. The hormone carries glucose, a kind of sugar, to the cells for energy.Type 1 diabetes is a disorder of the body's immune system for fighting disease. In most patients, the immune system attacks and destroys the islet cells that produce insulin. Many patients must inject themselves with insulin, simply to survive.For a long time, scientists have sought to take islet cells from people or even from pigs and place them inside another person. Insulin exchanges from human remains have proved difficult, while animal-to-human transplants have been almost impossible.Now, that is starting to change. Researchers at Northwestern University have carried out an islet cell transplant from rats to mice without the use of anti-rejection medicines. Xunrong Luo is the head of the Northwestern medical school's human islet cell transplantation program. She says the transplanted rat cells produced insulin in mice for more than 300 days."They survived essentially indefinitely. So they continued to produce insulin without the need of any immunosuppression and they just continued to maintain normal glucose levels in these diabetic mice."The mice were given white blood cells from a rat's spleen, which is part of the immune system. They were bathed in chemicals that put the cells into a sleeping condition known as programmed cell death.The changed cells were injected into mice. They entered the spleen and liver of the mice, but soon after, they were destroyed by cells called macrophages.Researchers say the macrophages recognized the sleeping rat cells as waste. In that process, small pieces of the rat spleen cell ended up on the surface of the macrophages. This taught the mouse's immune-system T cells to accept islet cells, which researchers transplanted seven days later."So we are pretty excited about that because next step is to see if we can translate this into larger scales, into larger animals."Xunrong Luo says her team will now try to transplant pig cells into monkeys. She also wants to use what is almost an unlimited supply of pig islet cells for transplants into patients with type 1 diabetes.New Work May Be Ahead for the Kepler TelescopeThe American space agency NASA recently said it has ended efforts to return the Kepler Space Telescope to full working order. NASA scientists are instead studying all the information collected over the past four years during the life of the telescope.The space agency launched the Kepler spacecraft in 2009. Their goal was to have Kepler find Earth-sized planets in or near a sun-like star where liquid water exists on the surface of the planet.William Borucki is the chief investigator for the Kepler mission. He says the project has been extremely successful."At the beginning of the mission, no one knew whether Earth-sized planets were abundant or rare in our galaxy. Now at the completion of the Kepler observations, we know that our galaxy is filled to the brim with planets. It's likely that when you look up at the sky at night and see the sky covered with stars, most of the stars have planets."The Kepler telescope was launched in 2009.The Kepler Space Telescope discovered 135 planets and over 3,500 possible planets of different sizes and orbital distances. Most of these planets are small like the Earth. The four-year project was extended in 2012.But it came to an end in August after engineers failed to repair two broken reaction wheels. The reaction wheels areextremely important in keeping the spaceship pointed in the right direction.Deputy project manager Charles Sobeck says the decision was the right one."The results of that show what we expected to see, which is that the wheels are sufficiently damaged that they cannot sustain spacecraft pointing control for any extended period of time."The Kepler team is now looking into whether the space telescope could be used in a different kind of project. This could include an exoplanet search -- that is, a search for a planet that turns around a star other than the sun. William Borucki says NASA has called on the science community for ideas."They are not proposals. They are not asking for funds. They are suggesting ideas and we look at which of these could we do for a reasonable cost?"He says Kepler's scientific mission has yet to end. The team is now working on information collected by the spaceship over the past four years. He expects the search will produce hundreds, if not thousands, of new discoveries."And so basically, in the next few years, when we complete this analysis, we will be able to answer the question that inspired the Kepler mission: Are Earths common or rare in our galaxy?"William Borucki says Kepler's work is an important first step in the exploration of our galaxy. NASA is preparing for another mission in 2017. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite will look for larger and brighter planets closer to our solar system than Kepler did. It will put its observational instruments on an area 3,000 light years away.Finally, American scientists are warning that a powerful storm on the sun may create problems on Earth. Researchers say ourplanet could be a target of a strong solar storm. They note that in 1859, such a storm caused telegraph communications around the world to fail.Scientists and the insurance company Lloyds of London recently warned that another big storm could cause even more damage. They say it could destroy modern communications and electric power supply grids.Michael Wiltberger is a scientist with the National Center for Climate Research in Boulder, Colorado. He is developing a computer model to show the effects on Earth's atmosphere as the solar wind changes in shape and intensity. He says strong winds in space can change the direction of the Earth's magnetic field and let more energy enter the upper atmosphere.Mr. Wiltberger says people have been observing dark areas on the sun, known as sun spots, for a long time. He says these observations have led to an understanding of the solar cycle."When Galileo pointed his telescope at the sun, he saw spots on the surface of the sun. And they've been keeping track of the number of spots and the location of the spots since roughly that period of time. So we've got about a couple of hundred years' record of sun spots."Computer models of the solar cycle are meant to better predict severe weather in space. The geomagnetic solar storm that hit Earth in 1859 was the worst known solar storm. Astronomer Richard Carrington saw it and made pictures. That storm is now known as the Carrington Event.Since then, less powerful storms have cut electricity and affected telephone service, radio stations and satellites in Earth's orbit.Lloyds of London has released a report on the expected harmin the event of a severe solar storm. Neil Smith helped write the report. He says the next major storm could be very destructive because the world now depends so much on power supply grids."We are estimating that 20-40 million people might be without power from anywhere up to one, even two years."He also says the number of people without power could result in an economic cost of between $500 million and $2.6 trillion.The report mainly deals with the effect of a solar storm on North America. But Mr. Smith says that if a storm destroyed electrical transformers in other areas, the loss of electricity would also harm those economies.Energy released by solar activity races through space at speeds of three million to five million kilometers an hour. These coronal mass ejections reach Earth in less than two days. Scientists like Michael Wiltberger can watch them at the speed of light, less than eight minutes after the sun releases energy into the atmosphere. This observation gives space scientists some time to predict the effects of solar activity.But Mr. Wiltberger says predicting exactly when and where a storm will hit is much more difficult. He says the computer models help weather scientists watch a storm and improve predictions. He hopes that system can be operating within five years.In Britain, Neil Smith is calling for greater cooperation before the next big solar storm. He says Lloyds of London needs to work with governments and the power industry to prepare."It's not something that any one party could actually solve on their own."He says such cooperation is extremely important to avoidsocial and economic disasters if Earth experiences a storm like the Carrington Event.。
糖尿病的英文文章_0
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------糖尿病的英文文章第一篇 Diabetes mellitus type 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Diabetes mellitus type 2 Classification and external resources Universal blue circle symbol for diabetes.[1] ICD-10 E11 ICD-9 250. 00, 250. 02 OMIM 125853 DiseasesDB 3661 MedlinePlus 000313 eMedicine article/117853 MeSH D003924 Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorderthat is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.[2] This is in contrast todiabetes mellitus type 1, in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas.[3] The classic symptoms are excess thirst, frequent urination, and constant hunger. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes. Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes in people who are genetically predisposed to the disease. Type 2 diabetes is initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. If blood glucose levels are not adequately lowered by these1 / 18measures, medications such as metformin or insulin may be needed. In those on insulin, there is typically the requirement to routinely check blood sugar levels. Rates of type 2 diabetes have increased markedly over the last 50 years in parallel with obesity: As of 2010 there are approximately 285 million people with the disease compared to around 30 million in 1985.[4][5]Long-term complications from high blood sugar can include heart disease,strokes, diabetic retinopathy where eyesight is affected, kidney failurewhich may require dialysis, and poor circulation of limbs leading toamputations. The acute complication of ketoacidosis, a feature of type 1 diabetes, is uncommon.[6] However, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma may occur. Contents [hide] 1 Signs and symptoms o 1. 1 Complications2 Cause o 2. 1 Lifestyle o 2. 2 Genetics o 2.3 Medical conditions3 Pathophysiology4 Diagnosis5 Screening6 Prevention7 Management o 7. 1 Lifestyle o 7. 2 Medications o 7. 3 Surgery8 Epidemiology9 History 10 References 11 External links Signs and symptoms Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss.[7] Other symptoms that are commonly present at diagnosis include: a---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ history of blurred vision,itchiness, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent vaginal infections, and fatigue. Many people, however, have no symptoms during the first few years and are diagnosed on routine testing. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus may rarely present with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (a condition of very high blood sugar associated with a decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure).[3] Complications Main article: Complications of diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes is typically a chronic disease associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy.[4] This is partly due to a number of complications with which it is associated, including: two to four times the risk of cardiovascular disease, includingischemic heart disease and stroke; a 20-fold increase in lower limb amputations, and increased rates of hospitalizations.[4] In the developed world, and increasingly elsewhere, type 2 diabetes is the largest cause of nontraumatic blindnessand kidney failure.[8] It has also been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementiathrough disease processes such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.[9] Other complications include:acanthosis nigricans, sexual dysfunction, and3 / 18frequent infections.[7] Cause The development of type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors.[8][10] While some are under personal control, such as diet and obesity, others, such as increasing age, female gender, and genetics, are not.[4] A lack of sleep has been linked to type 2 diabetes.[11] This is believed to act through its effect on metabolism.[11] The nutritional status of a mother during fetal development may also play a role, with one proposed mechanism being that of altered DNA methylation.[12] Lifestyle Main article: Lifestyle causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 diabetes, including:obesity (defined by a body mass index of greater than thirty), lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization.[4] Excess body fat is associated with 30% of cases in those of Chinese and Japanese descent, 60-80% of cases in those of European and African descent, and 100% of Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders.[3]Those who are not obese often have a high waisthip ratio.[3] Dietary factors also influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in excess is associated with an increased risk.[13][14] The type of fats in the diet are also important, withsaturated fats and---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ trans fatty acids increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreasing the risk.[10] Eating lots of white rice appears to also play a role in increasing risk.[15] A lack of exercise is believed to cause 7% of cases.[16] Genetics Main article: Genetic causes of diabetes mellitus type2 Most cases of diabetes involve many genes, with each beinga small contributor to an increased probability of becoming a type 2 diabetic.[4] If one identical twin has diabetes, the chance of the other developing diabetes within his lifetime is greater than 90% while the rate for nonidentical siblings is 25-50%.[3]As of 2019, more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes.[17] All of these genes together still only account for 10% of the total heritable component of the disease. The TCF7L2allele, for example, increases the risk of developing diabetes by 1.5 times and is the greatest risk of the common genetic variants. Most of the genes linked to diabetes are involved in beta cell functions.[3] There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene (known asmonogenic forms of diabetes or other specific types of diabetes).[3][4] These include maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue5 / 18syndrome, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, among others.[4] Maturity onset diabetes of the young constitute 15% of all cases of diabetes in young people.[18] Medical conditions There are a number of medications and other health problems that can predispose to diabetes.[19] Some of the medications include: glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics,[20] andstatins.[21]Those who have previously had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.[7] Other health problems that are associated include: acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism,pheochromocytoma, and certain cancers such as glucagonomas.[19] Testosterone deficiency is also associated with type 2 diabetes.[22][23] Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance.[3] Insulin resistance, which is the inability of cells to respond adequately to normal levels of insulin, occurs primarily within the muscles, liver, and fat tissue.[24] In the liver, insulin normally suppresses glucose release. However, in the setting of insulin resistance, the liver inappropriately releases glucose into the blood.[4] The proportion of insulin resistance versus beta cell dysfunction differs among individuals, with some having---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------7 / 18primarily insulin resistance and only a minor defect in insulin secretion and others with slight insulin resistance and primarily a lack of insulin secretion.[3] Other potentially important mechanisms associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance include: increased breakdown of lipids within fat cells, resistance to and lack of incretin, high glucagon levels in the blood, increased retention of salt and water by the kidneys, and inappropriate regulation of metabolism by thecentral nervous system.[4] However, not all people with insulin resistance develop diabetes, since an impairment of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells is also required.[3] Diagnosis The World Health Organizationdefinitionofdiabetes (both type 1 and type 2) is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms, otherwise tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose a plasma glucose 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) A random blood sugar of greater than 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dL) in association with typical symptoms[7] or aglycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of greater than 6.5% is another method of diagnosing diabetes.[4] In 2009 an InternationalExpert Committee that included representatives of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) recommended that a threshold of 6.5% HbA1c should be used to diagnose diabetes. This recommendation was adopted by the American Diabetes Association in 2010.[28] Positive tests should be repeated unless the person presents with typical symptoms and blood sugars 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl).[29] Threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is based on the relationship between results of glucose tolerance tests, fasting glucose or HbA1c and complications such as retinal problems.[4] A fasting or random blood sugar is preferred over the glucose tolerance test, as they are more convenient for people.[4] HbA1c has the advantages that fasting is not required and results are more stable but has the disadvantage that the test is more costly than measurement of blood glucose.[30] It is estimated that 20% of people with diabetes in the United States do not realize that they have the disease.[4] Diabetes mellitus type 2 is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.[2] This is in contrast to diabetes mellitus type 1 in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ destruction of islet cells in the pancreas and gestational diabetes mellitus that is a new onset of high blood sugars in associated with pregnancy.[3] Type 1 and type 2 diabetes can typically be distinguished based on the presenting circumstances.[29] If the diagnosis is in doubt antibody testing may be useful to confirm type 1 diabetes and C-peptide levels may be useful to confirm type 2 diabetes,[31] with C-peptide levels normal or high in type 2 diabetes, but low in type 1 diabetes. Screening No major organization recommends universal screening for diabetes as there is no evidence that such a program would improve outcomes.[32] Screening is recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force in adults without symptoms whose blood pressure is greater than 135/80 mmHg.[33] For those whose blood pressure is less, the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against screening.[33] The World Health Organizationrecommends only testing those groups at high risk.[32] High-risk groups in the United States include: those over 45 years old; those with a first degree relative with diabetes; some ethnic groups, including Hispanics, African-Americans, and Native-Americans;a history of gestational diabetes; polycystic ovary syndrome;9 / 18excess weight; and conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.[7] Prevention Main article: Prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 Onset of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented through proper nutrition and regular exercise.[34][35]Intensive lifestyle measures may reduce the risk by over half.[8] The benefit of exercise occurs regardless of the person’s initial weight or subsequent weight loss.[36] Evidence for the benefit of dietary changes alone, however, is limited,[37] with some evidence for a diet high in green leafy vegetables[38] and some for limiting the intake of sugary drinks.[13] In those with impaired glucose tolerance, diet and exercise either alone or in combination with metformin or acarbose may decrease the risk of developing diabetes.[8][39] Lifestyle interventions are more effective than metformin.[8] Management Further information: Diabetes management Management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle interventions, lowering other cardiovascular risk factors, and maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range.[8] Self-monitoring of blood glucose for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was recommended by the British National Health Service in 2008,[40] however the benefit of self monitoring in those not using multi-dose insulin is---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ questionable.[8][41] Managing other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and microalbuminuria, improves a person’s life expectancy.[8] Intensive blood pressure management (less than 130/80 mmHg) as opposed to standard blood pressure management (less than 140160/85100 mmHg) results in a slight decrease in stroke risk but no effect on overall risk of death.[42] Intensive blood sugar lowering (HbA1c6%) as opposed to standard blood sugar lowering (HbA1c of 77.9%) does not appear to change mortality.[43][44] The goal of treatment is typically an HbA1c of less than 7% or a fasting glucose of less than 6.7 mmol/L (120 mg/dL) however these goals may be changed after professional clinical consultation, taking into account particular risks of hypoglycemia and life expectancy.[7] It is recommended that all people with type 2 diabetes get regular ophthalmology examination.[3] Lifestyle A proper diet and exercise are the foundations of diabetic care,[7] with a greater amount of exercise yielding better results.[45] Aerobic exercise leads to a decrease in HbA1c and improved insulin sensitivity.[45]Resistance training is also useful and the combination of both types of exercise may be most11 / 18effective.[45] Adiabetic diet that promotes weight loss is important.[46] While the best diet type to achieve this is controversial[46] a low glycemic index diet has been found to improve blood sugar control.[47] Culturally appropriate education may help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar levels, for up to six months at least.[48] If changes in lifestyle in those with mild diabetes has not resulted in improved blood sugars within six weeks, medications should then be considered.[7] Medications Metformin 500mg tablets There are several classes of anti-diabetic medications available. Metforminis generally recommended as a first line treatment as there is some evidence that it decreases mortality.[8] A second oral agent of another class may be used if metformin is not sufficient.[49] Other classes of medications include: sulfonylureas, nonsulfonylurea secretagogues, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, anddipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.[8][50] Metformin should not be used in those with severe kidney or liver problems.[7] Injections of insulin may either be added to oral medication or used alone.[8] Most people do not initially need insulin.[3] When it is used, a long-acting formulation is typically added---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------at night, with oral medications being continued.[7][8] Doses are then increased to effect (blood sugar levels being well controlled).[8] When nightly insulin is insufficient twice daily insulin may achieve better control.[7] The long acting insulins, glargine and detemir, do not appear much better than neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin but have a significantly greater cost making them, as of 2010, not cost effective.[51] In those who are pregnant insulin is generally the treatment of choice.[7] Surgery Weight loss surgery in those who are obese is an effective measure to treat diabetes.[52] Many are able to maintain normal blood sugar levels with little or no medications following surgery[53] and long term mortality is decreased.[54] There however is some short term mortality risk of less than 1% from the surgery.[55] The body mass index cutoffs for when surgery is appropriate are not yet clear.[54] It however is recommended that this option be considered in those who are unable to get both their weight and blood sugar under control.[56] Prevalence of diabetes worldwide in 2019 (per 1000 inhabitants). World average was 2.8%. Globally as of 2010 it was estimated that there were 285 million people with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of13 / 18diabetes cases.[4] This is equivalent to about 6% of the world’s adult population.[57] Diabetes is common both in the developed and the developing world.[4] It remains uncommon, however, in the underdeveloped world.[3] Women seem to be at a greater risk as do certain ethnic groups,[4][58] such as South Asians, Pacific Islanders, Latinos, and Native Americans.[7] This may be due to enhanced sensitivity to a Western lifestyle in certain ethnic groups.[59] Traditionally considered a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in children in parallel with rising obesity rates.[4]Type 2 diabetes is now diagnosed as frequently as type 1 diabetes in teenagers in the United States.[3] Rates of diabetes in 1985 were estimated at 30 million, increasing to 135 million in 1995 and 217 million in 2005.[5] This increase is believed to be primarily due to the global population aging, a decrease in exercise, and increasing rates of obesity.[5] The five countries with the greatest number of people with diabetes as of 2019 are India having 31.7 million, China 20.8 million, the United States 17.7 million, Indonesia 8.4 million, and Japan 6.8 million.[60] It is recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization.[61] 第二篇What is Diabetes? If you have found your way to this page it is probably because you are---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ searching for everything there is to know about diabetes. Knowledge is power. You have questions and you need answers to have power over this chronic disease. The diseases which are listed under Diabetes Mellitus are many with the most common being Type-1 diabetes and Type-2 diabetes. These are diseases of the metabolic system and involve the body’s ability in metabolizing sugar using the hormone insulin. Insulin helps the cells use the simple sugar glucose which is needed for repair, growth and energy. In Type-1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin so those with this type of diabetes need to be on insulin therapy for their entire lives. Before 1 924 Type-1 diabetes usually ended with dead after a couple of years but with the advent of insulin those who have this disease are now able to manage this chronic condition. Type-1 diabetes is also known as juvenile diabetes because those who have this type of diabetes are usually diagnosed with it between the ages of 9 and 1 5 years of age. With Type-2 diabetes, the body produces plenty of insulin but cells are unable to use it. This type of diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and although it used to normally develop in older adults, Type 2 diabetes is now developing at all ages. Major risk factors for15 / 18Type-2 diabetes are unhealthy diets, little or no exercise and being overweight or obese. There is currently a world wide epidemic of Type-2 diabetes which researchers believe is being driven in many areas because of sedentary life styles revolving around computers, video games, television and fast foods. Fast food restaurants are now in every corner of our world. Diabetes in the US Currently in the United States 7.8% of the population or around 23.6 million people have diabetes with 5.7 million being undiagnosed. Most of those diagnosed have Type-2 diabetes and are usually 45 years of age or older. But this snapshot is changing as more children and adolescents are increasingly being diagnosed with this type of diabetes. Studies show that the most common complication of Type-2 diabetes is cardiovascular and it is also the most costly complication at a cost of approximately $7 billion of the $44 billion annual direct medical costs for diabetes. This figure is from 1 997 and many estimate that these figures could have doubled by now. Diabetes in India As of 2019 it was estimated that 1 71 million people globally suffered from diabetes or 2.8% of the population. Type-2 diabetes is the most common type worldwide. Figures for the year 2007 show that the 5 countries with the largest amount of people diagnosed with diabetes were---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ India (40.9 million), China (38.9 million), US (1 9.2 million), Russia (9.6 million), and Germany (7.4 million). Currently, India is the diabetes capital of the world. It is estimated that over 40 million of those with diabetes are currently in India and that by 2025 that number will grow to 70 million. In other words, 1 in every 5 diabetics in the world will live in India. Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure, is responsible for 5% of blindness in adults and 1 million limb amputations. Because of the chronic nature of diabetes, the relentlessness of its complications and the means required to control both diabetes and its complications; this disease is very costly, not only for affected individuals and families but also for the healthcare systems. Studies done in India estimate that for a low income family with an adult having diabetes, as much as 25% of the family’s income may nee d to be devoted to diabetes care. Stress also seems to be a greater risk factor in India for diabetes. It is important to de-stress according to each one’s disposition - for example spending quality time with friends and family, Yoga, breathing exercises, walking, meditation, aerobics and other fitness regimen can ward off diabetes. Preliminary findings of a recent study in India17 / 18among school children in the higher socio-economic group in Chennai showed child obesity is growing higher and girls were found to be disproportionately heavier than boys. Stopping the Epidemic It is really fairly simple - medical professionals believe that turning off the TV and computer and going outside to walk or exercise will go a long way to stopping this epidemic. Other suggestions include cutting calories in diets, snacking on whole grain and high-fiber foods, avoiding smoking and alcohol, exercising regularly and getting stress levels under control are pro-active ways to keep this diabetic epidemic from continuing to grow.。
糖尿病护理有关英文论文
糖尿病护理有关英文论文Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires daily management and care to prevent complications and maintain a good quality of life. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of diabetes care, including monitoring blood sugar levels, following a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking medications as prescribed.One of the most critical aspects of diabetes care is monitoring blood sugar levels. This can be done through regular blood glucose testing using a glucometer. Keeping blood sugar levels within a target range is crucial for preventing both short-term and long-term complications of diabetes.In addition to monitoring blood sugar levels, following a healthy diet is essential for managing diabetes. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help to stabilize blood sugar levels and maintain a healthy weight. It is also important to limit the intake of sugary and processed foods, as these can cause blood sugar spikes.Engaging in regular physical activity is another key component of diabetes care. Exercise can help to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels. It can also aid in weight management and reduce the risk of heart disease, which is a common complication of diabetes.Finally, taking medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider is crucial for managing diabetes. This may include insulin injections, oral medications, or other treatments to help controlblood sugar levels.In conclusion, diabetes care is essential for preventing complications and maintaining a good quality of life. By monitoring blood sugar levels, following a healthy diet, engagingin regular physical activity, and taking medications as prescribed, individuals with diabetes can effectively manage their condition and reduce the risk of long-term complications.此外，定期检查并保持健康的血压和血脂水平也是糖尿病管理的重要方面。
糖尿病病例书写范文大全
糖尿病病例书写范文大全英文回答：Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by high levels of blood sugar, also known as blood glucose. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels and allows cells to absorb glucose for energy.There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This type of diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence and requires insulin injectionsfor life.Type 2 diabetes is the most common type and is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physicalinactivity, and unhealthy eating habits. In this type of diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It can usually be managed with a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and sometimes insulin therapy.Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after giving birth. It is caused by hormonal changes that affect insulin production and utilization. Women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.Managing diabetes involves maintaining blood sugar levels within a target range through a combination of medication, diet, exercise, and regular monitoring. This includes taking prescribed medications, following a balanced diet that is low in sugar and carbohydrates, engaging in regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels using a glucose meter.Complications of uncontrolled diabetes can includeheart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision problems. It is important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to prevent and manage these complications.中文回答：糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，其特征是血糖水平过高。
糖尿病优秀案例分享范文
糖尿病优秀案例分享范文Living with diabetes is a challenging and lifelong condition that requires a lot of care and attention. It can be difficult for those with diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels and maintain a healthy lifestyle. However, there are many inspiring individuals who have not allowed diabetes to stop them from achieving their goals and living their best lives.患有糖尿病是一种具有挑战性且终身的情况，需要大量的关怀和关注。
对于患有糖尿病的人来说，要管理他们的血糖水平并保持健康的生活方式可能是困难的。
然而，有许多鼓舞人心的个人并没有让糖尿病阻碍他们实现目标和过上美好的生活。
One such example is Sarah, a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the age of 10. Despite the challenges that diabetes presents, Sarah has not let it hold her back. She has taken control of her condition and is thriving in her personal and professional life. Sarah is an inspiration to many in the diabetes community, showing that with proper management and a positive attitude, it is possible to live a fulfilling life with diabetes.一个这样的例子是Sarah，一个35岁的女性，在10岁被诊断患有1型糖尿病。
关于糖尿病的英语作文
关于糖尿病的英语作文英文回答：Diabetes: A Comprehensive Overview.Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. It occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantities or when the body is unable to effectively utilize the insulin produced. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by enabling the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production.Types of Diabetes.There are three main types of diabetes:Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results incomplete insulin deficiency and requires lifelong insulin therapy.Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type, accounting for over 90% of diabetes cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes insulin-resistant, meaning it cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This can lead to progressive insulin deficiency and eventually require insulin therapy.Gestational Diabetes: A temporary form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in some women. It usually resolves after childbirth but can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.Symptoms of Diabetes.Common symptoms of diabetes include:Frequent urination.Excessive thirst.Increased hunger.Unexplained weight loss.Fatigue.Blurred vision.Slow-healing wounds.Frequent infections.Complications of Diabetes.Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications, including:Heart disease.Stroke.Kidney disease.Eye damage (retinopathy)。
糖尿病 英文作文
糖尿病英文作文英文：Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. As a result, people with diabetes have high blood sugar levels, which can lead to a range of health problems if left untreated.Personally, I have a family history of diabetes, so I have always been aware of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent the onset of the disease. This includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and monitoring my blood sugar levels.One of the challenges of living with diabetes is managing blood sugar levels throughout the day. I have to be mindful of what I eat and how much I exercise, as both of these factors can affect my blood sugar levels. I alsohave to monitor my blood sugar levels regularly and adjust my medication as needed.However, with the right management and support, people with diabetes can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. It's important to remember that diabetes is a manageable condition, and with the right care, people with diabetescan live long and healthy lives.中文：糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，影响着全球数百万人。
糖尿病 英文作文带翻译
糖尿病英文作文带翻译Title: Understanding Diabetes and Its Management。
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood, either due to insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or the body's inability to effectively use the insulin it produces. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of diabetes, including its types, causes, symptoms, complications, and management strategies.Diabetes can be broadly classified into three main types: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, requiring daily insulin injections for survival. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is more common and ischaracterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This leads to high blood sugar levels, and while the pancreas may produce insulin, it's often not enough to meet the body's needs. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk ofboth the mother and child developing type 2 diabetes laterin life.The exact causes of diabetes vary depending on the type. Type 1 diabetes is believed to have a genetic predisposition, although environmental factors such asviral infections may trigger its onset. Type 2 diabetes is closely linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, and genetics. Gestational diabetes is thought to result from hormonal changes during pregnancy that affect insulin sensitivity.Regardless of the type, diabetes shares common symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heartdisease, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, and blindness. Therefore, early detection and proper management are crucial in preventing these complications.Management of diabetes revolves around maintainingblood sugar levels within a target range to prevent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (lowblood sugar). This often involves a combination of medication, dietary changes, regular exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels, and, in the case of type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy. Medications commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes include oral hypoglycemic agents such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin sensitizers like thiazolidinediones.Diet plays a fundamental role in diabetes management. A balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables,lean proteins, and healthy fats can help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Carbohydrate counting is often recommended for individuals using insulin to match their insulin dose with their carbohydrate intake.Regular physical activity is also essential for managing diabetes as it improves insulin sensitivity and helps control weight. Aerobic exercises such as walking, cycling, swimming, and strength training are beneficial for lowering blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.In addition to medication, diet, and exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels is vital for adjusting treatment plans and preventing complications. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels using a glucometer allows individuals to track their blood sugar levels throughout the day and make necessary adjustments to their medication, diet, or physical activity.In conclusion, diabetes is a complex condition that requires lifelong management to prevent complications and maintain overall health. By understanding the different types, causes, symptoms, and management strategies of diabetes, individuals can take control of their health and lead fulfilling lives despite their diagnosis.糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，影响着全球数百万人。
糖尿病的预防-英语作文
糖尿病的预防-英语作文Diabetes is a common chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is important to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing diabetes.One way to prevent diabetes is to maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. By eating a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity, you can manage your weight and reduce the risk of diabetes.Another important aspect of diabetes prevention is to monitor your blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can indicate a risk of developing diabetes. By regularly checking your blood sugar levels and making necessary lifestyle changes, you can prevent the onset of diabetes.In addition, it is important to limit the consumption of sugary and processed foods. These types of foods can lead to spikes in blood sugar levels and increase the risk of diabetes. By choosing whole, unprocessed foods and avoiding sugary snacks and beverages, you can lower your risk of developing diabetes.Furthermore, it is crucial to avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption. Both smoking and excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. By quitting smoking and moderating alcohol consumption, you can lower your risk of diabetes and improve your overall health.Lastly, regular medical check-ups are essential for diabetes prevention. By monitoring your health and discussing any concerns with your healthcare provider, you can take proactive steps to prevent diabetes and maintain a healthy lifestyle.In conclusion, diabetes prevention is achievable through healthy lifestyle choices, regular monitoring of health indicators, and seeking medical advice when necessary. By taking these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of developing diabetes and improve your overall well-being.。
有关于糖尿病的英语作文
有关于糖尿病的英语作文Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that has been on the rise globally, affecting millions of people and posing a significant challenge to public health. This essay aims to provide an in-depth understanding of diabetes, its types, causes, symptoms, and management strategies.IntroductionDiabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of diseases characterized by high blood sugar levelsover a prolonged period. The high blood sugar is a result of insufficient insulin production or its poor utilization bythe body.Types of Diabetes1. Type 1 Diabetes: This form of diabetes is typically diagnosed in children and young adults, and it is less common. It is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing betacells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production.2. Type 2 Diabetes: More prevalent, type 2 diabetes usually occurs in adults, particularly in those who are overweight or obese. It is often linked to insulin resistance, where the body does not use insulin effectively.3. Gestational Diabetes: This type of diabetes is seen in pregnant women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy but develop high blood sugar levels during it.CausesThe exact causes of diabetes are not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development:- Genetics: A family history of diabetes increases the risk. - Lifestyle: Poor diet and lack of exercise are major contributors.- Age: The risk increases as one gets older.- Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups are more susceptible.SymptomsDiabetes can present with a variety of symptoms, including:- Frequent urination- Excessive thirst- Unexplained weight loss- Fatigue- Blurred vision- Slow-healing woundsManagement and TreatmentManaging diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medical interventions:1. Diet: A balanced diet low in sugar and high in fiber is crucial.2. Exercise: Regular physical activity helps control blood sugar levels.3. Medications: Insulin injections or oral medications may be prescribed.4. Monitoring: Regular blood sugar checks are essential for diabetics.5. Education: Understanding the disease and its management is vital for prevention and control.ConclusionDiabetes is a serious health condition that requires lifelong management. By understanding its nature and the importance of a healthy lifestyle, individuals can take proactive steps to prevent or manage diabetes effectively. With advancements in medical technology and an increased focus on preventive healthcare, the impact of diabetes can be significantly reduced.RecommendationsIt is recommended that individuals at risk for diabetes:- Regularly consult with healthcare professionals for check-ups.- Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise.- Stay informed about the latest research and treatment options for diabetes.Understanding diabetes is the first step towards living a healthier life. It is a disease that, with proper care and management, can be controlled, allowing individuals to lead fulfilling and active lives.。
医学英语关于疾病的作文
医学英语关于疾病的作文英文：As a medical student, I have learned about various diseases and their impact on the human body. One of the most common diseases that I have come across is diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. 。
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and it requires daily administration of insulin to manage blood sugar levels.On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is more common and is often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet. In type 2 diabetes,the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. This type of diabetes can often be managed through lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, exercise, anddietary modifications.Both types of diabetes can lead to seriouscomplications if not properly managed. These complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision loss. It's important for individuals with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and work closely with their healthcare team to prevent and manage these complications.中文：作为一名医学生，我学习了各种疾病以及它们对人体的影响。
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关于糖尿病的英文文章糖尿病作为一种代谢性疾病，其患病率随经济的发展呈逐年增加趋势。
糖尿病对人体的危害主要是造成各种器官功能障碍和衰竭。
下面是店铺带来的关于糖尿病的英文文章，欢迎阅读!关于糖尿病的英文文章1糖尿病英文简介-What is diabetesDiabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today.The precentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly, to the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic.So what is diabetes?Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into energy. Instead glucose stays in your bloodstream, and left untreated can result in a range of complications.If you have recently been diagnosed as diabetic, don't worry. With proper treatment and care, you will lead a normal and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle - but then, if you are like me, you probably had plans to do that anyway and just never got round to it.Now is the time to kick yourself into action. You cannot leave this up to your doctor alone - it needs you to take responsibility for your own treatment, and that starts with understanding what you are dealing with.There are three types of Diabetes:Type 1 Diabetes, (sometimes called Juvenile Diabetes) is usually found in young children and teenagers, but can also occur later in life.In Type 1 Diabetes, your body is not producing insulin, ahormone needed to convert blood sugar into energy. Normally this hormone is produced by cells in your pancreas, but for some reason this is not happening as it should.As the glucose in your blood can't be converted into energy and absorbed by your cells, it builds up causing high blood sugar.Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.The normal treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is daily injections of insulin which keeps the blood sugar level within normal ranges.Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life.If you think this condition will prevent you leading an active life, consider Sir Steve Redgrave, one of the World's greatest Olympic athletes.Sir Steve battled type 1 diabetes to win his record-breaking fifth Olympic Gold medal at the Sydney games in the coxless fours rowing event!Type 2 diabetes (sometimes called mature onset diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes.As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.With Type 2 diabetes your body might be producing too little insulin, or it might not be reacting to the insulin correctly. Either way, the end result is that glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.Type 2 diabetes usually appears later in life, often between the ages of 35-45 years. As it often develops slowly, many people may not recognise the symptoms, and may have diabeteswithout knowing it.If you have recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Many people have diabetes without knowing it, and are at much greater risk of long term medical complications.Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle, but these changes are also good advice for non-diabetics, so probably a good idea anyway.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes, that is only suffered by pregnant women.In Gestational diabetes, a woman’s blood sugar is hig her than normal because of the other hormones pridcued during preganancy interfere with the insulin that is produced naturally.Gestational diabetes usually becomes apparent during the 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy, and, in most cases, disappears of its own accord once the baby is born.Women with gestational diabetes usually do NOT have an increased risk of having a baby with birth defects.Generally, sufferers of gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the preganancy.Whilst there can be complications caused by gestational diabetes, these can usually be managed by careful attention to nutrition and blood sugar levels.Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the developed world suffer from gestational diabetes.关于糖尿病的英文文章2医学英语糖尿病专业词汇A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer] Accountability measures 质量改善度评量ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词] ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂长效型Adhesion molecule 黏着分子与动脉硬化形成有关，可被HDL 抑制Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐乙酰醋酸Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly]Acetone 丙酮Acetylsalicylic acid: [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林Acidosis 酸血症Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂Acromegaly肢端肥大症Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂新降血糖药物Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型人体胰岛素Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会Additive--Insulin胰岛素制剂之添加剂ADDQOL=Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量Adhesion--Insulin 胰岛素沾粘性Adrenergic blockers交感神经阻断剂Aducut--Delapril [Adecut-武田] 一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL=ADDQOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量Adult Treatment Panel III , National Cholesterol education Program =NCEP ATP IIIAER Albumin excretion rate尿液白蛋白排出率。