研究生英语期末考试——简约版：翻译、词汇、完形
研究生期末考试汉译英
研究生期末考试汉译英第一套试题Section B1.他期末得了一个A。
He finished out the semester with an A.2.我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。
I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma.3.尽管有这些困难，他们还是决定把接受教育放在首位。
In spite of these difficulties, they have decided to make education a priority.4.让学生不及格，作为一种常规手段，其优点在今天依然和两代之前一样多。
Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.5.这是一个在过去有效，在今天也会有效的政策。
This is a policy that worked in the past and can work today.第二套试题Section B1.比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是人们幸福的关键。
For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness.2.人们花在因特网上的时间越长，与真人交往的时间就越短。
The more hours people use the Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings.3.电子邮件，我们不能靠它生活但离开它也不行。
E-mail .Can’t live with it, can’t live without it.4.在进步教育的影响下，让学生了解历史事实、数学、地理似乎都不如感觉重要。
研究生英语期末考试(学霸笔记版)
n. 用蒸汽加压煮出的浓咖啡
inspire
v.激发,启示
探索的魔力会激励我们的年轻人去学习数学、科学以及工程学，并为我们培养出新一代的改革者和开拓者。
foray
v. 冒险的尝试,涉足…,突袭
一回到英国，他就利用媒体的高知名度，作为进入政坛的踏板。
brew
v.酿酒,冲泡
k
v.抗拒,抵抗,美元
All in all
总而言之,头等重要的事
At the rate of
以…速度/比例
未来是这样一件东西，每个人都以每小时六十分钟的速度朝它走去，不管他做什么，也不管他是谁。
Drop out
退出,退学,脱离
The Marathon runners raced ahead in the early stages of the race but he had overplayed his hand and had todrop outexhausted with only three miles to go.
Grid
n.电网
Murky
adj.黑暗的，朦胧的，阴郁的
Murky=gloomy
Innovative
adj.革新的，创新的
Malicious
adj.蓄意的，恶毒的
Malicious=hostile
chimera
n.嵌合体，虚构的怪物
Imminent
adj.即将到来的，迫近的
Imminent=impending
dedicated
adj.专注的,献身的
Dedicated=devoted
encompass
v. 包含,环绕,完成
Encompass=include
研究生一年级上学期期末考试英语期末考试翻译
上瘾性毒品与犯罪的经济学犯罪率的攀升一个流行解释是毒品的泛滥。
诸如海洛因、可卡因和PCP等上瘾性毒品的使用，从三个方面增加了犯罪。
首先，有些瘾君子需要实施犯罪获取收入。
毒瘾让他们虚弱到无法胜任合法岗位上的工作，抑或合法工作的收人不足以支付吸毒的支出。
其次，和饮酒类似，毒品可能通过降低自我控制能力或使情绪波动加剧，从而人们更容易犯罪。
大约70%的美国大城市中由于抢劫、枪支犯罪和盗窃被捕的罪犯，经检查都发现曾吸食海洛因、可卡因或PCP。
再次，毒品买卖是一项利润丰厚的生意，因而，也值得为之展开保护和争夺。
于是，毒贩子将对其竞争对手实施暴力犯罪。
毒品导致犯罪显著增加，因而降低犯罪的社会成本也应包括减少上瘾性毒品的使用。
我们已经发现，至今超过200万的美国监禁犯人中。
有很高比例都是因为与毒品犯罪有关。
惩罚贩毒当前，美国的政策试图通过截断毒品供给和减少毒品的需求，破解上瘾性毒品使用与犯罪之间的关联。
减少非法毒品供给和使用的一个方法是，提高贩卖和吸食毒品的预期成本。
一些毒品供给商将离开贩毒行业，转而投向风险更低的合法活动中。
与此同时，由于供给控制所导致的高昂市场价格，也让消费者减少毒品的购买。
一些经济学家们辩称，因为事实性前提不正确，所以这个政策不对。
批评者指出，上瘾使得毒品的需求缺乏弹性。
因此，供给控制所导致的非法毒品的市场价格上升，将不会显著减少瘾君子的毒品消费。
相反，这将促使瘾君子增加犯罪数量获取更多收入，以支撑其吸食之恶习。
图12.1描述了这种论断。
这个图分成两个部分，分别代表两种毒品使用者。
左边图表示瘾君子的毒品需求为D，右边图表示未上瘾时的毒品需求为D'。
“未上瘾”的意思是偶尔的毒品吸食者，生理上并未对毒品产生依赖。
图12.1显示了一个成功的阻断毒品、惩罚毒品贩子和吸毒者行动的影响.行动之前，毒品价格为p1，瘾君子和非瘾君子的毒品使用量分别表示为x1和x'1。
对毒品采取行动之后，价格上升到p2。
研究生英语期末考试 选择(缩印版)
一.同义词16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers.D. considerable20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar单选26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment.27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows.28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced .29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day.30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet.31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake.32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space.33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another.35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. C. was deprived of17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. A. attack18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimalreading convenience. A. ideal21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carryinga big stick. C. frighten22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. D. motive23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B.excitement24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or havesome other drawbacks. C. disadvantages25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not afailure. A. adhere to单选26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loudcontinuous noise.27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge thestudents to overcome them.28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief'sdisguise.29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget herappointment.30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincideswith hers.31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupyingrelated statuses.32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at.33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience.34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy ofencouragement.35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the classwithout dominating it.三.同义词16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. B. motive17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnicas soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it'sreal value. A. criterion20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. B. attack22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. A. was deprived of23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statementswere made. D. opposing24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive单选26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, forconditions are much more equable underground.27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer isexcessive smoking.28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign ofdisorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job.29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed andambitions cast.30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December.31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secretinformation.33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him.34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery.35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached theirdestination at length.四.同义词 16.The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices. C. exhaustion 17. Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people. A. interplay 18.The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of the local government. B. diminished 19.Many new medicines today tan eradicate diseases before they become too widespread. D. wipe out 20.Modern farms are enterprising businesses which keep only the livestock that can pay its way. A. be profitable 21.I couldn’t understand where he got the fantastic idea that other people were poisoning him. C. fanciful 22.The Chinese nation which has the historical record of 5,000 years' civilization is distinguished for its diligence and courage. D. celebrated 23.These steps will principally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change. B. primarily 24.At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests. C. stimulating 25.Sometimes our intuitive notions about how society works turn out to be quite accurate. A. instinctive 单选： 26.When road traffic diminished , the whole town looked very silent. 27.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 28.A typical bedroom is furnished with a comfortable bed, a beautiful curtain and a D. warehouse 29.In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become A. complicated 30.How does it C. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 31.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 32.The interviewer B. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 33.Plastics tend to be C. resistant to these acids, so you don't need to worry. 34.After a long quarrel, they finally A. agreed on a price for a second-hand TV set. 35.I do not believe that this unreasonable scheme is B. worthy of our serious consideration. 五.同义词 16.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 17.The children were full of animation as they went to the zoo. For it is the first time for them to go outing. C. excitement 18.A handshake conveys more than just a (n) mutual grasping of fingers and palms. A. common 19.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. D. improve 20.It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. B. frighten 21.All the staff members of the department made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for the Christmas party. A. enthusiastic 22.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. D. make fun of 23.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. B. criterion 24.On Spring Festival she liked to be dressed in her finery, which made her look so beautiful. D. arrayed 25.Many young people today find the transition from the teens to adulthood hard to face. C. transformation 单选： 26.The interviewer A. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 27.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 28.How does it B. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 29.Technology has A. facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 30.Jack is the very person who can be C. entrusted with either money or secret information. 31.He stopped the car so B. abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 32.Social corruption results from some officials D. abuse of their power, so there must be effective laws to restrict the officials' power. 33.In these days, the temperature in the ancient city of China's West has been C. abnormal the highest point reaching 40"C. 34.The quarrels of the different political parties in the turbulent country seemed likely to A. disrupt the state. 35.It is very likely that the Martian will also be D. adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 六．同义词16.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly. A. resilient 17.Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art. D. influence 18.There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor. B. murdered 19.Tony who was tardy told his father a long and unconvincing story to explain his lateness. A. incredible 20.The ritual household duties are always considered a dreary grind, for efforts in these areas are generally not appreciated. C. routine 21.The most important environmental influence on fish is water temperature, for fish tend to take on the temperature of their surroundings. B. assume 22.Years ago this politician did a clever, but immoral thing, which laid the foundation of his fortune. D. unethical 23.The students did not like their new teacher because he seemed so stern. C. strict 24.Embroidery depicting scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the 18th century. A. portraying 25.Producers were encouraged to design enticing packages geared to "sell themselves.”D. adjusted 单选26.The museum had B. substituted copies for the original manuscripts to save wear and tear on the latter. 27.News of our team winning the match was really A. overwhelming, and millions of people came out to celebrate the victory. 28.An honorary doctorate of taw was C. conferred on the general secretary of the International Law Association by this university. 29.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without B. dominating it. 30.He would go to endless D. trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 31.Some of her suggestions have been adopted but others have been C. rejected as they are quite impractical. 32.The magician's talk creates a (n) A. diversion of attention so that the audience does not see how he does his tricks. 33.A police officer is more likely to D. invent in his law enforcement tactics when he is not in view of reporters. 34.With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual B. creativity 35. A. A multitude of people are assembling in the street. What happened?。
研究生英语期末考试翻译总结
研究生英语期末考试翻译总结第一篇：研究生英语期末考试翻译总结以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。
You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。
I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.读书的问题嘛，我愿说几句。
I would like to say a few words about reading.这几天心理颇不宁静。
I have felt quite upset recently.至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。
As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我们的城市在过去的十年里经历了翻天覆地的变化。
The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。
It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。
It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一个主意。
An idea suddenly struck me.我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。
An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干预政治。
研究生专业英语期末试卷
研究生专业英语期末试卷一、Translation：1、根据财务会计准则委员会提供的定义，资产是某一主题由于过去的交易或事项的结果而获得或者控制的潜在未来经济利益。
负债是由于过去的交易或事项而引起的、在现在承担的在将来向其他主体交付财产或提供劳务的责任，这种责任导致了可预期的未来经济利益的牺牲。
2、财务状况变动表的目的在于向投资者、债权人和其他外部使用者提供其他两张报表未能提供的信息，也就是关于公司在某一会计期间的现金流入和现金流出的时间选择、金额及原因的信息。
二、Question:1、Regarding the basic objective of accounting, what are theimplications of providing information for decision making? How does the characteristics of relevance and reliability relate to the concept of “useful” information?2、 A corporation declares a 10% stock dividend. From the point ofview of the following theories, discuss the nature of stock dividend to the recipients.a.Proprietary theoryb.Entity theorymder theoryd.Fund theorye.Incvestor theoryf.Enterprise theory3、With respect to the enterprises theory,a.What is incomeb.What relevance do you see in the “value added”incomestatement?c.Prepare a value-added statement according to the data:Sales revenue $5000Materials used 1000Salaries and wages expense 900Depreciation expense 400Income taxes 800Supplies used 200Utilitues expense 300Interest expense 200Dividend paid 300。
研究生期末考试英译汉
研究生期末考试英译汉第一套试题Section A1.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
2.They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had inschool.每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
4.That is to reveal the trump card of failure.这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5.I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right.我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。
第二套试题Section A1.Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.人们的身心健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。
2.Any time when you have something that is difficult to say ,e-mail can make it easier.每当你有什么难以开口的事要说，写个电子邮件会使之变得简单的多。
3.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几十万的十八岁青年毕业，他们将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
研究生期末考试英语单词
UNIT1adversity 逆境，不幸，厄运aftermath 后果，余殃，余波alleyway 小巷，胡同altruism 利他主义，无私anodyne 不冒犯他人的，四平八稳的aspire 追求，渴望，有志于bliss 快乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福bona fide 真正的，真实的，真诚的bromide 没有效果的话dazed 茫然的，迷乱的，恍惚的encompass 覆盖，围住excruciating 剧烈疼痛的gratifying 令人高兴的，使人满足的hallucinate 产生幻觉harrowing 折磨人的，可怕的，令人痛苦的ineffable 好得不可言喻legacy 遗留下来的状况mind-blowing 令人极度兴奋的neurological 神经的nostalgia 怀旧情绪ordeal 可怕的经历，痛苦的折磨paramount 至高无上的，最重要的province 范围，领域，职责范围preoccupied 全神贯注的，入神的refrain 一再重复的话rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎shrivel 皱缩，干枯，干瘪steroid 类固醇tranquil 平静的，宁静的，安谧的trauma 痛苦的经历traumatic 痛苦难忘的tribulation 苦难，艰苦ultramarathoner 马拉松运动员vomit 呕吐，呕出，吐出wimp 懦弱无用的人on the rocks 困难重重，濒临失败cancel out 抵消come to terms with 妥协，接受for the better 好转in line with 与…一致（符合）in the wake of 紧随…而来，作为…的后果keep…in check 控制某人（物）UNIT3abstruse 深奥的，高深的asylum 精神病院auditorium 听众席，观众席bookish 嗜书的，好读书的cerebral 要运用智力的，诉诸理性的chambermaid 女服务员contrivance 发明物，新装置dagger 匕首，短剑disintegrate 粉碎，崩裂，分崩离析double-decker 双层公共巴士eavesdrop 偷听fetching 动人的，迷人的，吸引人的flummox 使彻底不知所措fretful 烦躁的，发牢骚的gargle 漱口glottal stop 喉塞音hallucinogenic 引起幻觉的，致幻的itinerary 旅行计划，预订旅程law-abiding 守法的，安分守己的lemming 旅鼠lunatic asylum 精神病院，疯人院materialistic 实利主义的，物质主义的unmaterialistic 非物质主义的passionate 情欲强烈的，多情的pickax 鎬，鹰嘴锄pictogram 象形文字porcupine 豪猪，箭猪pore 仔细阅读，凝视，注视quell 减轻，消除（忧虑）relentless 严厉的，无情的，坚决的reverence 尊敬，崇敬rodent 啮齿动物rudimentary 基本的，初步的，粗浅的sleek 平直光滑的，有健康关泽的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛usherette 女引座员，女服务员windmill 风车，风力磨坊get the hang of sth. 学会做或使用let sb. in on sth. 让某人知道并严守out of this world 好的不得了pore over 仔细阅读，凝视，注视work a treat 运行极好word gets around 消息流传UNIT4anecdote 趣闻，轶事auditory 听觉的boon 恩物，有用之物circuitry 电路系统conduit 渠道，通道consortium 财团，联合企业curtail 缩减，消减，减少decoder 解码器disengaged 自由的，未约束的，空闲的duly 适当地，恰当地etch 凿刻fidgety 烦躁的，坐立不安的footnote 脚注godsend 天赐之物，及时雨hyperlink 超链接ideogram 表意文字，表意符号longish 略长的，相当长的neural 神经的，神经系统的pithy 精辟的remap 重新绘制，重新筹划staccato 断断续续的，不连贯的telltale 暴露真相的terse （回答）简短的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛thread 思路，头绪，贯穿的主线tinker 修理，修补，摆弄voracious 贪吃的，食量大的wayward 倔强的，任性的，反复无常的as likely as not 很可能be/get caught up in sth. 陷入bring on 引起，招来，惹来chip away at 削弱，破坏elaborate on 详细说明，阐述immerse oneself in 潜心于，专心于liken…to…把…比作not to mention 更不必说scuba diver 潜水员sea change 巨变take to 喜欢上…，对…好感zip through/past/along 飞速地做某事UNIT9affective 感情的，情感的anecdotal 轶事的，趣闻的arousal 唤起，激起beset 困扰，使烦恼disinterest 无兴趣fester 加剧，恶化irritant 使人烦躁的事情mentality 心态obituary 讣告，讣闻outpouring 强烈感情的不断流露peripheral 次要的，非主要的populist 平民主义的sermon 布道，讲道syndicate 通过报业联合组织安排出售给多家报刊发表gene pool 基因库seek to 寻求，追求sort out 分类整理，把…弄整齐UNIT10audible 声音听得见的auspicious 很可能成功的，吉利的，吉祥的bulky 庞大的，宽大的circumscribe 约束，限制comport 行动，表现comportment 举止，行为cosmopolitan 见识广的，兼并包容的delineate 描写描绘，刻画demographic 人口数据统计detergent 洗涤剂discretionary 自由决定的，不受严格规定控制的distaste 不喜欢，反感franchise 特许经营权garish 过于艳丽的generality 普遍性，共同性ingrained 根深蒂固的，难以改变的jolly 欢乐的，愉快的miniscule 很小的nuance 细微差别pretest 预先测试self-effacing 避免引人注目的，不爱抛头露面的subtlety 微妙的思想，细微之处supplant 取代，代替，将…排挤掉tadpole 蝌蚪unpalatable 难吃的，不可口的be flooded with充满，使泛滥be subjected to 使经受，使遭受beware of 谨防，当心，注意in advance of 预先，提前pin down 清楚地知道，确定地描述run into 遇到困难/难题/债务等trade in 做买卖，进行贸易，从事交易。
研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
研究生研一英语期末考试中翻英汇总
汉译英unit11、当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。
（estabish oneself）Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2、一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。
所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。
（transcend）A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3、我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要作用。
（reveal ）We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习班是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。
(go unchallenged)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.5.对一个关键问题作结论时，如果只是相信所谓专家的意见而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果、不根据数据、那是冒险。
研究生期末考试英语资料
研究生期末考试英语资料1~3听力原文Unit 1 Part III African-Americans Still Lag behind WhitesAs the U.S. economy struggles to emerge from a long recession, some analysts say the recovery is not being felt in the African-American community. That’s why one civil rights organization says it is “declaring a war” on black unemployment with a plan to spur job creation.“Every war needs a battle plan, and our battle plan is the National Urban League’s 12-point jobs plan; jobs rebuild America, putting urban America back t o work.” Marc Morial is President of the National Urban League.At a town hall meeting in Washington, his organization released its annual report on the state of black America. It paints a bleak picture for urban and minority communities entangled in economic uncertainty. The study measures the relative status between blacks and whites, based on five areas—economics, education, health, social justice and participation in civic activities.Valerie Rawlston Wilson worked on the report. “There are major area s of inequality in this country between black Americans and white Americans. The areas where we see the greatest disparities, of course, are in economics. That includes things like unemployment.”The U.S. jobless rate for whites is falling. The latest U.S. Labor Department figures put it at 7.9 percent. But the same report says the unemployment rate for blacks rose in March to 15.5 percent. The unemployment rate for black teenagers is 50 percent—more than double the national average. Morial is calling on President BarackObama and lawmakers to fund targeted job creation programs in more than 400 communities.“We need a focused strategy on those communities where unemployment is higher, where poverty is higher. The bigger the headache, the bigger the pill. That means, the higher the unemployment rate, the bigger dose of medicine needed to help those communities get beyond unemployment and get back to economic growth.”The Urban League says another major factor in the economic gap between black and white Americans is the lack of college degrees among many blacks. The report says college enrollment among African-American high school graduates continues to fall, with black students less likely to enroll, compared to whites.Chatman Young, an accounting student at Howard University in Washington, has landed a job at a bank after he graduates. He said without a good education, it will be difficult for young African-Americans to find a good job.The National Urban League report makes several recommendations to Congress, including providing funding for a summer-youth-jobs program and creating 100 urban job training schools— to prepare young African-Americans for careers in areas such as technology and healthcare.Unit 2 Part II Rethink the Role of the CityBig cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are the best places to live. “Cities are so fascinating because they play to mankind’s greatest gift, which is our ability to learn from other people.”Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society. But it wasn’t always a smooth road.“In the 1970s, it looked as if globalization, new technologies and the death of distance was making our older cities obsolete. After all, the garment industry was fleeing New York. It looked like history itself was telling New York City to drop dead.”Over the past three decades many cities have been revitalized, not just despite globalization and new technologies, but, as Glaeser explains, because of them.“What these new forces have done is they’ve increased the returns to new ideas, to being smart. Because now if you’ve got a new idea, you can manufacture it on the other side of the planet. You can take advantage of some new market opportunity in India or Indonesia or Sub-Saharan Africa. These trends have also made cities more important because cities are at their heart today, engines of innovations, forgers of human capital.”In a new book Triumph of the City, Glaeser takes readers on a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Tokyo, Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure andproduction. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies.“If you look across the world, the countries where more than half of the people live in urban areas are more than four times richer, on average, than the countries where less than half of the people live in urban areas.”Even the pockets of poverty that are part of the modern urban landscape, Glaeser says, are signs of the power of cities.“Cities don’t make people poor, they attract poor people, and they attract poor people by delivering a path out of poverty and to prosperity, a chance to partner with people who have different skills, access to world markets, access to capital that enables poor people, some of them, not all of them, to actually find a way forward.”Concentrating population in a city, Glaeser says, is better for the environment.“There is significantly less carbon usage in c ities. There are two reasons for that, one of which is less driving. They are more likely to take public transportation. And when they drive, they drive shorter distances. And the second is that people in the cities, they occupy smaller homes than people l iving in rural areas.”To multiply that effect, the economist would like to see even more people move to cities, where towering skyscrapers would provide energy-efficient, affordable housing.“Building up is an option to avoid building out.”21st century cities are being reshaped as energy, the environment and the economy become more vital considerations in urban planning.Unit 3 Part I WordmasterAA: I’m Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: words that express emotion.RS: Suppose someone gave you two minutes to write down as many different emotions as you could think of—for example: happy, sad, angry. You’re also told to rate each emotion as “unpleasant,” “neutral” or “pleasant.” What would come to mind?AA: That’s what groups o f English speakers in Chicago, and Spanish speakers in Mexico City, had to do for a study led by Robert Schrauf, a linguistics professor at Penn State University.ROBERT SCHRAUF: So that data was available to me, and I began to analyze it one day and found this rather curious difference. And that was that about 50 percent of the emotion words that people mentioned were negative, and about 30 percent positive and 20 percent neutral. And those proportions were consistent across all of these groups, from young Mexicans to older Mexicans in Mexico City and young to old English speakers in Chicago. For instance, here is the young Anglos’, in order, the first five: happy, sad, angry, excited, afraid. Now what’s curious about that list is, happy is positive. That’s one word. Then there’s sad, angry, afraid—that’s three negative—and excited, which generally comes across to people as a neutral word.RS: What does this tell us, that 50 percent are negative, 30 percent are positive and 20 percent are neutral? What does this tell us about our emotions, or how we express ourselves?ROBERT SCHRAUF: Right, so that’s the curious thing. So you could look at that list and entertain a number of hypotheses. You could say, “Well, you know, human beings just have more negative expe riences than positive ones, and therefore…” Or you might think that people take dour views of things, I don’t know. So what became interesting was how to explain this. And I went back to the literature and found that the theorizing about emotions is as follows: We tend to think that there are positive and negative emotions on a kind of a continuum. But both the behavioral and the neuro-physiological literature suggest that actually there are two channels for processing emotions—one negative and one positive. And what happens is, it seems to me—or the explanation I’m taking from the literature—is that we respond to negative emotions by thinking more carefully, in a more detailed manner, and we respond to positive emotions by thinking more schematically. We tend to process those more facilely. So my response to a happy emotion is to sort of think top-down, to think that things are moving as they should in the world or perhaps a bit better. And that makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. I mean, if there’s danger or threat, then I need to pay a great deal of careful attention to that. If things are going OK, then it’s benign; I can sort of move ahead.RS: I find it very interesting, the comparison across cultures in the studies that you reviewed.ROBERT SC HRAUF: Right, right. So let’s say there are five to seven basic emotions which we’ll find with appropriate emotion words present in all languages and all cultures. I mean, we would have to do an empirical study to find that, but the evidence that we’ve gathered so far tends to suggest that that’s true. What makes cultures unique are all of those non-basic emotions that once you get through joy, anger, fear, sadness—those initial very pan-cultural words andpan-cultural emotions—then there are long lists of emotion words in each language that make rather curious distinctions that are not translatable. So an example in Spanish, for instance, is ‘verguenza,’ which we translate as ‘shame.’ But it’s a far more powerful word than our word shame. Or for instance, i n German, ‘schadenfreude’ is a word that implies a feeling of glee at someone else’s misfortune, and we don’t have an appropriate translation in English.填词第一单元If we’re serious about breaking the cycle of intergenerational（世代相传的）poverty, then many of these women will need some extra help with the basics that those living outside the inner city often take for granted. They need more police and more effective policing in their neighborhoods （社区）, to provide them and their children some semblance（n.类似）of personal security. Theyneed access to community-based（社区化的）health centers that emphasize prevention-including reproductive（生殖的）health care, nutritional（营养的）counseling（n.营养咨询）, and in some cases treatment for substance abuse. They need a radical（a.彻底性的）transformation of the schools their children attend, and access to affordable child care that will allow them to hold a full-time job or pursue（vt.继续；从事）their education.And in many cases they need help learning to be effective parents. By the time many inner-city children reach the school system, they’re already behind-unable to identify basic numbers,colors,or the letters in the alphabet, unaccustomed to sitting still or partipating in a structured environment, and often burdened by undiagnosed health problems. They’re unprepared not because they’re unloved but because their mothers don’t know how to provide what they need. Well-structured government programs-prenatal counseling, access to regular pediatric care, parenting programs, and quality early-childhood-education programs-have a proven ability to help fill the void.第三单元When someone you love dies from a heart attack or cancer, you remember him not in relation to his death but in relation to his life. This is not true of suicide. You go over and over the details（细节）of how he did it, why he did it and what you could have done to prevent it. You keep rewriting the story, trying to get all the answers, or you bury（埋藏）the questions and never fully grieve the loss. But if you’re constantly（时常）rewriting the life of the person who killed himself, you’re not moving ahead with your own life.I didn’t realize that I hadn’t really moved on until I heard a man about my age talk about his father. He described him as a person who was sensitive and cruel, generous and selfish, unable to forgive wrongs in others but desperate to be loved. He talked about his father’s relationship with his mother, and how his "mood" had controlled the temperature of the entire family. As I sat there listening, I could see my father in the very words he was using to describe his own. It didn’t matter that mine was a gynecologist（妇科医生）and his was a blue-collar worker. Neither suicide had anything to do with class or profession. Both men suffered from similar depressions that overwhelmed them after they retired, and went largely untreated at this crucial time of their lives.1~3单元句子翻译翻译:1.因为极端分子可能激起冲突和分裂，为了我们的共同安全，我们应该联合起来。
（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译
（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译1. This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. (Para. 2)这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
2.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力，因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其它年青的优秀人才更出色。
3.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations----and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls. (Para5 更为有利的是，要在你的实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证，让那些会接听调查的电话人们谈及这些品质。
研究生英语期末考试
研究生英语期末考试English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans do theopposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans do theopposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americansuse just one hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the mealwhile Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of socialdevelopment and ecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable T ourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to pe ople’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it. B. preconception n. 先入之见；偏见；预想22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole. D. retard vt. 妨碍；延迟；使减速；阻止vi. 减慢；受到阻滞n. 延迟；阻止23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.C. bid up v. 抬价 D. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalue vt. 低估...之价值；看轻25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.B. perverse堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.tenure占有；任期vt. 授予…终身职位27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security. . earmarked 在耳朵上做记号；标记n. 特征；耳上记号28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offset 抵消29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.C. standoffish . 冷淡的，不友好的30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “T om” or “B ill”.B. pester 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.D. permeated充满32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everyt hing from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblings 兄弟姐妹；同科33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.D. alleviation (苦痛的)减轻，缓和，缓解；减少；解痛药；缓和剂；缓解措施34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulge 泄露；暴露35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .B. afforestation n. 造林36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!D. inscrutable不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的；神秘的37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.C. inadvertently非故意地；不注意地38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroaches 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.C. infrastructure 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.B. vestige遗迹；残余；退化的器官41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese incl udes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.C. connotation 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西42. When people can’t explain a new phenome non using their knowledge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.D. analogy类似；类推；类比43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.C. steer 驾驶；控制，引导There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cement 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合44._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.B. Tenacity 固执；韧性；不屈不挠；黏性III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction to the concept of thinking aboutthe possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces in their own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopicsocial change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF hasalways had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and thattwentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future will not be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be thatas it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way h esays it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainlya strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily andloosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance ina specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with his father one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you willbe. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any e ffort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
研究生期末考试-英语翻译
through the ages.1. 他家收藏了许多历代的名人字画。
His family has collected many famous paintings through the ages.3.他的英名将流传千古！他的事业将永垂不朽！His name will endure through the ages, and so also will his work!have a hard time1. 我背单词都背怕了I have a hard time for memorizing words. 。
2. 跟她作对，他不会有好日子过的。
He would have a hard time contradicting her.3. 是啊。
我确实很难相信她已经60岁了。
Yeah, I really have a hard time believing she is already 60.Keep an eye out for1. 请密切注意学校设计的现代趋势Keep an eye out for modern trends in school designs.3. 我想搬家，请留心有没有公寓出租，好吗？I want to move. Keep an eye out for an apartment, will you?live off1. 我不知道她怎么能以画画为生I don't know how she manages to live off her painting.2. 他不工作, 靠朋友的接济过活He doesn't work; he just lives off his friends.。
in no position to1. You are in no position to preach to me about efficiency!你没有资格对我大谈什麽效率问题！2. If we do not know the facts, we are in no position to handle such matter.不了解情况，就无从解决这类问题Lie in1. 你的问题在于缺少有效的方法Your problem lies in lacking efficient methods.left out1. 他把讲话中的那部分删去了He left that part of the speech out.2. 她的账目漏掉了一个重要的项目She left out an important item in her account.let alone1. 我们连自行车也买不起, 更不用说汽车了We can't afford a bicycle, let alone a car.2. 他是世界上最好的射击手, 更不用说在英国了He's the best shot in the world, let alone in England.saved sb from1. 消防队员从火中救出了那些老人The firemen saved the old people from the fire.2. 谁都知道他们无法摆脱在那里失败的命运Everybody knew they could not save themselves from defeat there.3. 这可使学生不至于把时间浪费在做练习上It will save the student from wasting his time in exercises.in the vanguard of1. 他们是技术发展的先导They are in the vanguard of technological advance.all but the most除最普通的服装外，我父亲都看不顺眼My father frowns on all but the most conventional of dress.2. 建筑除去了房屋所有不必要的东西，只保留了最必须的部分，进而降低了成本The builders have reduced the cost by pruning the house of all but the most necessary things.go it alone1. 他决定单干创业He decide to go it alone and start his own business.2. 如果我家人拒绝帮忙，我将单独干I’ll go it alone if my family refuse to help.on the decline1. 我们镇对体育运动的兴趣在下降Interest in sports in our town is on the decline.2. 她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世She is on the decline, and may die soon.food for thought1. 这部电影里有很多值得思考的东西There is much food for thought in the film.2. 但是，这恰恰是一个极好的启示But this serves as an excellent food for thought.3. 这还不可以深长思之吗？Does it not give food for prolonged and deep thought?get rid of1. 必须清除官僚习气。
04研究生期末统考英译汉
研究生期末统考英译汉真题举例1. The number of people vulnerable to floods around the world is expected to rise toat least two billion by 2050, particularly in Asia, due to climate change and population growth. The causes are extreme weather that develops as the climate changes, rising sea levels, continuing deforestation and a rise of the number of people working in flood-prone areas as the population increases. Most at risk is Asia, where more than 400 million people have been exposed to floods each year on average over the last two decades. Floods already kill as many as 25,000 people a year and –along with other weather-related disasters—cost the world economy up to &60 billion a year, much of it in developing nations ill-equipped to cope with such huge costs. Most urgently needed to adapt to the growing risk of flood disasters is greater global capacity to monitor and forecast extreme events.Armed with better information, superior early warning systems and infrastructure can be installed and new planning strategies devised. (168 words)2. The book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. Itis based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone.Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.(GET Jun 05, 122 words)3. Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than that of individual choice, forsmoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. (GET Jan 05, 122 words)4. As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry andelaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children tonative speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won’t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question. (GET Jun 04, 123 words)。
研究生综合英语(2)课后答案与课文翻译期末考试整理版
Unit One---Coping with the ComplimentIII. VocabularyA.1. came up with2. The chances are3. fell flat4. bestowed upon5. Downright6. put your mind7. appalled8. verdict9. poise 10. blurted outB.1. inarticulate2.insults3. inept4. glowingly5. execrable6. enhance7.invite8. sickly9. adroit 10. CharmingTranslation of Text如何应对恭维尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
研究生英语期末考试——词汇
词汇Unit 2Somber 阴沉的inaugural 就职的invest 耗费interrogation 审问confluence 汇合run up 积欠shrewd 机灵的exhortation 劝告outlast 比……持久plummet 暴跌aspiration 志向recrimination 相互指责In addition to：on top of除了, undismayed: undaunted勇敢的, endanger: imperil 危及, resentment: grievance 不满，怨恨，kill: strangle 把……勒死，faultfinder: cynic 愤世嫉俗者ragged: worn-out穿旧的，authorization: mandate 授权，avoid: shrink from 逃避，disturbance: tumult 骚乱。
Unit 3Torrid晒热的，热情的, tipsy喝醉的，歪曲的, teetering摇晃的, infiltrate使渗入, sponsor保证人，赞助人,be strewn with布满了, hold court with开庭, scruffiness不整洁, throng人群. Flirt 调情, proactive前摄的To let out the news: get the word out透露消息, sole: exclusive排外的, be filled with: be replete with充满了, attractive: glamorous迷人的, endure: withstand禁得起，抵抗, lean: recline依赖, free: complimentary赠送的, atmosphere: vibe氛围, entertaining: holding court with享受sit: perch栖息Unit 4Rejuvenate:使年轻revere：敬畏的splutter：猛烈地supersede：取代transfix：刺穿的fruity：果味的glossy：光滑的luscious：甘美的lust：欲望revolve around：围绕be fired up：激动，被激励hover悬停Take the place of：supersede 取代，代替，delicious：luscious美味的，lingered：hover 犹豫不决，彷徨accidentally：inadvertently偶然的worshiped：revere尊敬shiny：glossy 有光泽的renew：rejuvenate使年轻greed：lust贪婪，欲望involved：intricacy错综复杂as a sideline：on the side作为副业Unit 5Gospel福音，christen命名为，ignite 激光，counter反对，hallucinate是产生幻觉resourceful资源丰富的，molest调戏，searing灼热的，backlash激烈反对extravagance 奢侈，浪费Has been increased：has crept up迅速增加, connected：is hooked up接通, been fully preoccupied: been obsessed with痴迷, flying around: hovering over在……盘旋, do great damage to your physical health: do harm to the body伤害身体, highly commented: raved about激愤地说, enlightenments of discoveries: revelations启示录, raised under natural conditions in farmyard of yards: free-range自由放养的, fought back: rolled back被反转, took the attention of the public from: shifted the attention from转移关注Unit 6Permanent：永久的，humanity：人类，demonstrate：证明，presidential：总统的，delegate 代表，boast：吹牛，prosper：成功、繁荣，generate：发生，dramatic戏剧的，引人注目的，innovation创新，amass：积聚，积累lie down躺下Focus on: concentrate注意到，aimed at：target瞄准，abundant：copious 丰富的，produce：generate发生，breaks：violate违反substantiate：demonstrate 证明，claimed：reckoned 猜想，establishment：launch 发行，bragged：boast吹牛，luxurious：exclusive独家经营的。
研究生期末考试——完形填空.docx
完形填空Unit 1When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and committed than male managers?Some research supports the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater cooperativeness, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a willingness to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace decisions- These differences are seen to carry advantages for companies, because they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company manage its workforce effectively.A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum discovered a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that differs from the command-and-control style traditionally used by male managers. Using this "interactive leadership^ approach, "women encourage participation, share power and information, enhance other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these things reflect their belief that allowing employees to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation一good for the employees and the organization.^ The study's director predicted that "interactive leadership may emerge as the management style of choice for many organizations^.Unit 3A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide, the division of the world into the info rich and the info poo匚And that divide does exist today・ My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow・As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access一after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their out-dated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure一including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on 一were built with foreign investment.Unit 4The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested・Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question is a particular people originated from central Europe・ The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12〜15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the west, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm・ They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cance匚These facts, however, are previously been thought unrelated・ The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligenee and diseases are intimately linked< His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.Unit 9Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a board flexible tmining program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans for ben efit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to job・ Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, disregarding both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements・ The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar^ job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take risks for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.。
齐大研究生13级英语期末考试词组及翻译
词组Unit 11. （因工作）累死work to death2. 休息on one’s day off3. 坐上头把交椅move to the top spot4. 业余爱好extracurricular interests5. 与…竞争compete with6. 打零工do odd jobs7. 抓住不放grab at8. 彻夜不眠stay up night9. 正视…look … in the eye10. 整顿；处理straighten out11. 优先认股权stock option12. 诸如此类and all that13. 辨别出pick out14. 四处打听ask aroundUnit 21. 设身处地put oneself in sb’s shoes2. 不合脚的鞋ill-fitting shoes3. 变质的牛奶sour milk4. 腐坏的食物spoiling food5. 慢性贫血chronic anemia6. 矫治手术corrective operation7. 开裂的手cracked hands8. 继续受苦suffer on9. 葬身火海die in flames10. 挂着鼻涕的孩子children with runny noses11. 倒苦水spilling the shame12. 辍学quit school13. 考勤官attendance officer14. 断断续续off and on15. 失业保险unemployment insurance16. 避孕措施birth control17. 针线needles and thread18. 黑暗的未来black future19. 沉迷于酒精和毒品turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs20. 难以自拔find oneself enslaved21. 充其量at best22. 营养不良suffer from malnutrition23. 卫生所health clinic24. 毁掉最后一点尊严eat away the last bit of prideUnit 31. 顽固不化的罪人hardened sinners2. 激增increase by leaps and bounds3. 面容黝黑jet-black faces4. 双手粗糙work-gnarled hands5. 在祈祷声和歌唱声中摇晃rock with prayer and song6. 歌声萦绕着我songs swirl all around me7. 一阵有力的哀号 a mighty wail of moans and voices8. 耽搁hold up9. 咧着嘴冲我笑grin down at me10. 致他于死地strike him dead11. 对……不敬take one’s name in vain12. 避免更多的麻烦save further trouble13. 爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声break into a sea of shouting14. 喜悦的狂潮waves of rejoicing15. 互相提醒不要出声in a hushed silence16. 得到了上帝的赐福be blessed in the name of GodUnit 41. 过一会儿才笑laugh a delayed laugh2. 兴奋异常be so wired3. 消耗掉过剩的精力shake out one’s nerves4. 批改作业grade papers5. 在沙发上小睡nap on the couch6. 短短两三个星期的恋爱a brief two- or three-week courtship7. 一排破旧的公寓 a row of broken apartment buildings8. 穷学生college poor9. 口袋里漂亮的成绩单good report cards in our pockets10. 拎着…像灯笼一样晃着swing … like a lantern11. 起落的节奏the rhythm of rising and falling12. 从二楼窗户往外看peek from our two-story window13. 盆栽的植物potted plants14. 冲到楼下race downstairs15. 躲在树篱后stay behind the hedge16. 一直走到make one’s way to17. 为自己犹豫不决而生气be troubled by one’s indecision18. 一罐混浊的水 a jar of cloudy water19. 偶尔朝窗外张望occasionally look out the window20. 向…吹嘘…brag about sth. to sb.21. 平淡像白云white as clouds22. 逛二手店browse at a thrift shop23. 漫无目的地转弯turn corners aimlessly24. 偶然的会面 a chance meetingUnit 51. 最早的记忆first memories2. 俯身bend down3. 举到空中sweep sb. into the air4. 仰着的脸upturned face5. 蓬乱的一堆头发 a shock of hair6. 并排side by side7. 躲在厨房门后lurk behind the kitchen door8. 屏住呼吸hold one’s breath9. 心照不宣的微笑the conspiratorial smile10. 忍住眼泪hold back tears11. 单臂扼颈 a half nelson12. （做某事）没有意义there is no point in (doing sth.)13. 直视某人的眼睛look sb. straight in the eyes14. 温和地看了一眼throw a mild glance15. 自讨苦吃ask for it16. 寻找时机seek an advantage17. 困惑的眼神 a look of bewilderment18. 压住某人使不能行动pin sb. down19. 不屈地咧嘴笑grin gamely20. 隐隐的痛楚baffled pain21. 刺痛眼睛burn one’s eyes翻译Unit 1他死了,是累死的.他在星期天凌晨3点整离开人世,在一个他本该休息的日子里.对此,他的朋友和熟人并不怎么吃惊.在他们看来,他是典型的A型行为者,一个工作狂,一个典型的工作狂.菲尔每周工作6天,其中5天工作到晚上八九点,而公司上下除了主管经理外已经实行每周4天工作制了.他一个月打一次高尔夫,但这是工作需要,除此之外,他没有什么＂业余爱好＂．他的＂遗属＂包括妻子海伦和３个孩子．４８岁的海伦多年前就决定不再和他的工作争宠．他＂深爱的＂子女中，长子不了解他，女儿跟他没什么共同语言．只有２０岁的小儿子想方设法把父亲抓住不放，想方设法让父亲看重自己，好让这个人待在家里．葬礼上，６０岁的公司总裁说，５１岁的死者对于公司来说举足轻重，将会难以取代．而当天下午５点，总裁已经开始询问接替他的人选．He died. He worked himself to death, precisely at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning, on his day off.His friends and acquaintances were not really surprised. To them, he was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic.Phil worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during atime when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives. He played a golf game every month but it was work. Other than this, he had no outside "extracurricular interests."His survivors included his wife Helen and three children. Helen, forty-eight years old, had given up trying to compete with his work years ago. Among his "beloved" children, the eldest son didn't know him well, and the daughter had no shared topics with him. Only the youngest son who was twenty, tried to grab at his father and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president said that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace. And by 5:00 p.m. The afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun to make inquiries about the replacement.Unit 2贫穷是什么?看看一位有三个孩子的单亲妈妈的生活,你就会明白了.她结过婚,但后来丈夫失业了,生活越来越拮据.生下最后一个孩子后,她的婚姻走到了尽头.为了孩子们不再受苦,她鼓起勇气去申请救助.她得到每月78美元,一家四口就靠这笔钱生活.除了房租以外,剩下的钱几乎都要用来买食物.冰箱坏了没钱修,牛奶变酸了;没钱用热水,冬天也只能用冰冷的水洗东西.她因营养不良而患有慢性贫血,还有严重的肠虫病,需要做矫正手术,却没钱买补铁药、没钱改善饮食、没钱买肠虫药,更不用说动手术了.没钱请保姆,没钱买纸巾,只能看着自己的孩子总是挂着鼻涕.尽可能用最少量的电.寒冷的晚上整夜不合眼,因为她得看着火,生怕一个火星弹到墙上糊的报纸上,熟睡的孩子就要葬身火海.她看不到光明的未来.儿子们迟早会走进囚笼,或沉迷于酒精和毒品无法自拔.而等待女儿的,充其量也只是像母亲这样的生活.的确,贫穷是滴在自尊上的酸液,一滴一滴地滴穿自尊.贫穷是削在尊严上的凿子,一点一点地凿去尊严.What is poverty? Read the story of a single mother of three, and you'll understand what it means.She was married once, but later her husband lost his job and life became increasingly difficult. After giving birth to the last baby, her marriage came to an end.In order to save her children from suffering, she summoned up her courage and went to ask for help.She got seventy-eight dollars a month for the four of them. After the rent, most of the rest went for food.There was no money left to get the refrigerator fixed and the milk went sour; no money for hot water, and even in winter she had to do washing in icy cold water. She had chronic anemia caused from poor diet, a bad case of worms, and needed a corrective operation, but there was no money for iron pills, or better food, or worm medicine, to say nothing of having an operation. She had no money for grannies; no money for paper handkerchiefs and her children were seen with runny noses all the time, she tried her best to use only the minimum electricity. She stayed up all nighton cold night, because she had to watch the fire, for fear that one spark on the newspaper covering the walls would cause a fire and the sleeping children would die in flames.She saw no bright future. Sooner or later, the boys would end up behind the bars of their prison or turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs and find themselves enslaved. And what awaited the daughter was, at best, a life like that of the mother.Indeed, poverty is an acid that drips on pride until all pride is worn away. Poverty is a chisel that chips on honor until honor is worn away.Unit 3休斯快满13岁时,姑妈带着他去教堂参加一场福音布道会,希望他的灵魂能够得到耶稣的拯救.姑妈告诉他,当他的灵魂被拯救时,他会看到一道光,内心会发生变化!还说他的灵魂会看到、听到、感受到耶稣.小休斯相信了这些话的字面意思,于是坐在燥热而拥挤的教堂里静静等待着耶稣的到来.听完牧师的布道,孩子们一个接着一个奔向圣台,这就意味他们被拯救了.休斯却一直坐在那里一动不动.他仍旧在等待耶稣的到来,还在渴望身上有什么事发生.所有的人都在为他一个人祈祷.休斯感到压力越来越大,开始为耽搁这么久而感到惭愧了.为了避免更多的麻烦,休斯决定撒谎,说耶稣来了.他站了起来,终于得到拯救.那天晚上,休斯躺在床上痛苦不止.他为当众撒谎而感到内疚,他不再相信耶稣了.When Hughes was going on thirteen, his aunt took him to the church for a revival meeting, hoping that his soul would be saved by Jesus Christ. His aunt told him that when he was saved, he would see a light, and something would happen to him inside. She also said he could see and hear and feel Jesus in his soul. Young Hughes believed in the literal meaning of these words. He sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to him.After the sermon by the preacher, all the children went to the altar one after another. This meant that they were saved. But Hughes kept sitting there. He was still waiting for Jesus to come, wanting something to happen to him. Now the whole congregation was praying for him alone. The pressure on him was increasing and he began to feel ashamed of himself, holding everything up so long. In order to save further trouble, Hughes decided to lie and say that Jesus had come. So he got up and was saved finally. That night, lying in bed, Hughes cried in agony. He felt guilty because he had lied in public and he didn't believe in Jesus any more.Unit 4人生际遇真的很奇妙.有时,一次偶遇就能成就一桩幸福的婚姻.20岁的他是个穷大学生,有天出去买啤酒,回来的路上看到邻家的日本女孩在门廊上用锤子敲胡桃.他走得很慢,她抬头向他微笑.他也微笑说声你好,然后拎着啤酒回到住处,却把自己的心留在了女孩身边.于是,他又冲下楼去,却在快到女孩房前时突然停住了,因为不知道该说什么.等了一会儿,他装作随意地经过正在清扫胡桃壳的女孩身边,只真诚的地说声你好就走开了,心里却懊恼自己的犹豫不决.然后,又走回来,再次经过她身边,彼此微笑,他又什么也没说就回到自己的住处.后来,他们开始聊天,一起坐在门廊上吃她亲手烤的甜面包.再后来,他们牵手了.最后,他和某天下午看见在敲胡桃的这个女人结婚了.如果那天他没有去买啤酒,如果那天下午碰见的不是她,而是另外一个人,他的人生就会完全不同.Life is full of miracles. Sometimes, a chance meeting can lead to a happy marriage. When he was twenty, he was college poor. One day, he went to buy some beer and on his way back he saw his neighbor, a Japanese woman, cracking walnuts on her front porch. He walked slowly and she looked up, smiling. He smiled back and said hello, and returned with the beer to his apartment, his heart still with the girl.So he raced his heart downstairs, but stopped short of her house, because he didn't know what to say. After a while, with studied casualness he walked past the girl who was cleaning up the shells, but he only came up with a hearty hello and walked away. He was troubled by his own decision. The he returned, walking past her again. They smiled to each other, but again nothing was said before he returned to his apartment. Later, they began to talk, sit together on the porch, and snack on the sweet bread she baked personally. Then they held hands. Eventually, he married the woman he found cracking walnuts on an afternoon.Had he not gone for the beer, or had he met someone else instead of her, his life would have been totally different.Unit 5他小的时候,父亲会服下伟岸的身体把他举到空中,但他从不会害怕,有父亲的手握着他就不会害怕.在他的心目中,父亲是世界上最强壮、最睿智的人.长大些,他会在父亲下班进屋前躲在厨房门后,在父亲问起他时突然跳出来.上学后,他们会一起在地板上摔跤,每次父亲都能轻松地把他制服,对此他心里半是忿恨半是开心.上高中时,他惊奇地发现自己的本事更大了,可以俯视母亲了,不过摔跤时仍然不是父亲的对手.有一天晚上,他突然发现,父亲看起来不像以前那么高大了.现在他甚至可以直视父亲的眼睛了.他再次向父亲发出挑战.这次,认输的是父亲.母亲把父亲扶起来,她眼里有隐隐的痛楚.父亲说下次,母亲没有反对,因为三个人都知道,不会再有下一次了.他冲过厨房的那道门,站在台阶上,任泪水刺痛双眼,滑过脸颊.When he was little, his father would bend down from his great height to sweep him into the air. But he was never afraid, not with his father's hands holding him. To him, no one in the world was as strong, or as wise, as his father.As he grew, he would lurk behind the kitchen door when it was time for his father to come home at night. He would leap out when his father asked about him.After he went to school, they would wrestle on the floor together. Every time, his father would master him with ease, leaving him half resentful and half mirthful.In high school he was surprised to find that there was so much more of him, and he could look down on his mother. But when it came to wrestling, he was still no equal of his father.One night, he suddenly found that his father didn't look nearly as tall as he used to. He could even look his father straight in the eyes now. He challenged his father once more and this time, it was his father who said,"I give." His mother helped his fatherto rise, and there was baffled pain in her eyes.His father spoke of a next time, and his mother did not contradict, because the three of them knew that there would never be a next time. He ran through the kitchen door, stood on the steps and let tears burn his eyes and run down his cheeks.。
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1、And medical researchers…。
几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。
2、Contrary to the notion…. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反,腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。
3、It will be decades…。
医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。
医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗.萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。
体形实在不容忽视。
"4、The globe’s… 这个全球最大的在线社交网站拥有逾3.5亿用户，如果把它看成一个国家的话，Facebook…。
的人口仅次于中国和印度.这不是唯一与此行业相关的令人震惊的数据。
5、To skeptics…。
对怀疑论者们而言，所有这些关于社交网站的讨论都预示着另一个互联网泡沫的形成。
他们争论到，即使如Facebook这么大的社交网站也将为赚钱而挣扎，因为变幻无常的网民们不会在一个地方呆很长时间，例子就是MySpace。
MySpace曾经风行一时，而现在只能算是以前的影子。
6、This special…。
这份特别报告将细致地检验这些事情.报告表示，尽管不会每个网站都繁荣，社交网站要比其批评者们认为得要更具生机。
而社交网络技术让欢迎它们的公司受益匪浅，不管这些企业大还是小。
7、As a child…。
. 他回忆起自己孩提时,非常专注地看爷爷做柜子,柜子之精致与简洁,让他惊叹不已。
二战之后，怀着完善自我的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但同时他仍传承了家族传统，学了一年木匠。
8、For the first time…。
. 在电子产品领域，既有精湛技术又有卓越设计的公司,这还是头一家。
设计成了品牌。
它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。
埃托雷·索姆斯设计的甜美绚丽的拉丁风情与拉姆斯那种精密周到的日耳曼风格形成鲜明的对比.9、But ram's….。
然而,由于技术的更新换代，拉姆斯设计的电子产品如今早已过时，只能在博物馆里见到.当今社会一次性消费品的泛滥让他心痛，虽然我个人认为他对这种泛滥曾不经意地起过推动作用。
他不愿看到“设计”变成纯粹的外表的时尚而已10、Bad enough that….网络的糟糕程度使越来越多的工程师和安全专家认为网路安全和隐私已经变得令人如此难以捉摸,那么唯一解决问题的办法就是从头开始11、The internet’s…。
.当前因特网的设计几乎默默无闻地保护它的使用者。
(正如多年前《纽约客》中的一则卡通指出的：“在互联网上，没人知道你是一条狗。
”但这种匿名现在成为法律防护最苦恼的挑战。
因特网攻击者能够通过连接许多国家的地址来隐藏自己的位置，这用偷来的信用卡在网吧购买一个账户也许就能做到12、Proving identity…..证明身份仍有可能十分困难。
从半个地球之远的地方接管某人的电脑，像操作自己的电脑一样操作它-—在这样一个世界是微不足道的。
只要事实仍然存在,建立一个完全信得过系统仍将是不大可能的1、我们要大胆吸收…We should boldly absorb and draw upon all the achievements of the human society, including those of the capitalist countries，and make innovations with new experience for our benefit。
2、有些已经超出.。
In one’s mind，he needs the power of fortitude to strengthen himself as he is confronted with something beyond his ability and suffering from sins and pains。
3、体育运动学校.. The sports schools’ target and task is to select，bring up，and infuse some reserve sports players to excellent sports teams。
4、我们每个人都…It is not difficult for us to find ourselves in Clyde，including aspiration of success，fame, money and even beauty。
5、在日常生活的纷扰…In the tumult of everyday life，it’s very easy to focus on the negati ve andto lose sight of what really matters。
6、现在他的教师工作团Now her teachers corps，called Teach for American is off and running. After a rigorous competition，500 recent college graduates won places out of a field of2,500 applicants，proving Ms。
Kopp's theory that making the corps selective would enhance its appeal to college students7、人们在家里而不There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices。
8、尽管这位教授Though the professor explained the point in detail，many students still couldn't understand it.9、我们有好几个不同Various projects are in progress, but we do always need your help. If you have good designs, ideas or would kindly give a hand, please contact related project co—ordinators。
10、在她被接受为固定He was taken on for a three-month trial period before being accepted asa permanent member of staff。
11、华盛顿邮报Washington Post has been in slow decline for the past 50 years，which was deteriorated by the Great Depression.12、男人们喜欢追逐Men like to pursue an elusive woman, like a cake of wet soap in a bathtub。
13、孩子们没有花很多It didn’t take the children long to figure out the correct answer，which surprised the teacher very much.14、我们不应该因为穷We shouldn’t complain about being poor—many families are much worse off.15、他们与雇主达成的协议The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week16、仅仅凭一小条轶事It would be wrong to judge any country，let alone one as fractured and complicated as Afghanistan, on an anecdote。
17、他希望把一个童话He hoped to animate a fairy story giving it a kind of magic which live act films could not have。
18、征服畏惧The best and the quickest method to conquer fear and establish confidence is to embark on the most dreadful quest till you obtain the experience for success.19、著名运动员在Well—known sportsmen can earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment。
20、1971年美国The experiment conducted by the US astronauts in 1971 brought conviction to the world that Galileo’s theory of falling objects is true.inaugural speech shrewd and somber as exhortation not to plummet,and interrogation room outlast all of us confluence of several recrimination or run up quite proactive way of assorted nuts sponsor foreign teetering bond to be tipsy flirt and she infiltrate cultural torrid sun throng of d el egates be strewn with upsSplutter out what superseded by ? transfix me rejuvenate himself luscious cake hover in the all revolve around educational be fired up when the glossy coat toreverebacklash against christened by the priest counter the threat extravagance in various ignited by the evening resourceful of her searing pain started hallucination molester was imprisoned gospel truthdelegate to the annual boast that they demonstrated the vacuum dramatic increase generate a simulation and humanity innovation after permanent employee prosper as the company presidential electionPrepared rare of previously even thought suggests question scoring mean disproportionately careers affirm however put down valuing consequence linked subjected paradoxical。