高考英语专题复习：书面表达之议论文写作及范文

高考英语专题复习：书面表达之议论文写作及范文

文体分析

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行逻辑和理论上的论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。议论文写作的要点如下：

1.论点鲜明

一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点，通常在文章的第一段提出。行文中，以议论为主，说明、叙述和描写等为辅。

2.论证合理

论证包括论据选择和论证方式。在论据选择上，可选择的材料有事实、统计数据、引言、案例等。以英语为母语的写作者倾向于“让事实说话”，往往引用事实、统计数据等来作例证。

3.结论简洁

英语议论文的结尾段往往是对前面的论证进行总结性阐述，一般不需要进行较长的论述，更忌讳提出新的论点。

4.写作框架结构

议论文的结构一般分为三部分：

引言：简单阐释要讨论的主题。

主体：一般可提出两、三个论据，并分别进行阐述。

结论：往往用一、两句话提出自己的看法、意见或建议，从而结束文章。要注

意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。

5.文章的展开要注意段落间的有机联系

一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句来确定观点，让人一目了然。行文中适当地运用过渡句可以表现出文章的逻辑性。

6.常用句式

(1) 引言段

①Many students have been faced with the problem of...

②Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

③Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

④Recently the issue has aroused a great concern among...

⑤Nowadays there is a growing concern over...

⑥Faced with…，quite a few people argue that…

⑦According to a recent survey，…

⑧With the rapid development of economy/society…，

⑨Recently we held/have held a discussion about whether…

⑩When it comes to…，…

(2) 主体段

①As is known to all, …play(s) an important part/role in our daily life/modern society. However, different people have different opinions…

②Some people/The majority of the students think it (is) a good idea/important/useful/convenient for…to do…

③Others argue/claim that the opposite is true.

④However, as every coin has two sides, …also has its disadvantages.

(3) 结论段

①There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but…

②From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that…

③It is high time that we took measures to…/We'd better take effective measures to prevent…

④It is necessary that steps should be taken to…

⑤In conclusion, it is important that…

⑥To solve the above­mentioned problem(s), we must…

⑦In summary, if we continue to ignore the issue, more problems will come up.

⑧Taking all these into account, we…

7. 常用写作模板

【模板一】利弊对比型

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ____________ (论题). In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in ____________ (论题). Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ____________ (优点一). Secondly, ____________ (优点二).

Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.”____________ (论题) is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To