新托福阅读长难句120句(分析 译文)
托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总
托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总为了帮助大家备考托福。
托福阅读长难句分析精选篇
托福阅读长难句分析精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读长难句1Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at whichthe invading species can become established. (TPO32, 54)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being asite available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fireor by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)(TPO32, 54)托福阅读长难句分析：这个句子的主干就是：Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)留意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要消失问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site中文：一个平安的地点修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句这个从句有点简单：where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance留意这里有一个并列结构，either oreither removed competing speciesor reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析：这个句子中，convoluted意为“复杂的”，表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂，以至于学生很难理解和跟随。
2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析：这个句子中，despite意为“尽管”，表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作，但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。
3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析：这个句子中，rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”，表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。
4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析：这个句子中，met with意为“遭遇”，表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。
5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析：这个句子中，has the potential to意为“有潜力”，表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。
6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析：这个句子中，plummeted意为“暴跌”，表示由于经济衰退，公司的利润暴跌。
经典托福阅读长难句翻译
1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。
打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。
而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。
2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the earlyindustrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。
3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.【译文】在第二个案例中，传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。
托福阅读长难句分析
托福阅读长难句分析为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读长难句1The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)mercantile /mɜːk(ə)ntaɪl/ adj. 贸易的，商业的exceptional /ɪksɛpʃənl/ adj. 特别的，杰出的，突出的我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)托福阅读长难句100句分析：修饰一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语中文：在进展适合蒸汽船的好港口修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语中文：有杰出的成果修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语中文：由于和德国以及中欧的贸易修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在进展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最终他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并由于和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了杰出的成果。
托福120长难句解析
1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostil e environment to humans主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2. Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second Worl d War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福阅读考试长难句分析
托福阅读考试长难句分析托福阅读长难句分析(1)In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。
(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。
以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。
修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。
(完整word版)新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)1。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space。
(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2。
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
托福长难句分析new
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than atthe earth’s surface, the deep---- ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding严峻的and remote as the void空的of outer space翻译：因为完全没有光和遭受着比地球表面大几百倍的压力，海洋底部有着对于人类危险的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样严峻。
Hundreds of times greater than …. 修饰pressureIn some ways 后面的都是修饰hostile environment主句：the ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans.2.对于什么是基本的Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the SecondWorld War is the country’s impressive population growth.主句：Basic understanding of Canada is the population growth.In the 20 years after the WW 修饰basic understanding翻译：关于对于在二战20年以后的加拿大最基本的理解就是国家人口令人惊人的增长。
3.As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely完全的of organically有机地grownfoods prevents or cures治疗disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized公布and form the basis for folklore风俗.主句：eating a diet have become widely publicized and form the basis for folkloreconsisting entirely of organically grown foods 修dietprevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health 还是修饰diet 他的作用翻译：结果表明，声称吃由完全有机绿色东西组成的食品可以治疗和预防疾病并且可以有助于健康，这个观点已经被多数人肯定（广为人知），并且成为风俗的基础。
托福阅读长难句翻译
托福阅读长难句翻译Photograph1.Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable andundesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.因为较少的了解自然的成因，所以他把期望的或者不期望发生的事情都归因于超自然或者神奇的力量，他们需要寻找一种工具去赢得这些力量的支持。
2.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision,since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.例如，这种情况的其中一个标志就是喜剧观点的出现，因为喜剧需要更充分的脱离，去把那些脱离社会准则的视为荒谬的，而不是把它作为对整个社会福利的威胁。
Glacial /Ice Age1.With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn.因为进一步的融化，再结冰，和不断由新降雪导致不断增加的重量在上层，使得雪到达了一种颗粒状，再结晶的阶段介于冰片和冰的中间阶段被称为积雪。
托福考试阅读120句长难句解析
托福考试阅读120句长难句解析以下就是三立在线小编为大家整理的托福考试阅读120句长难句分析。
希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助：100.Not only did they cater to the governorand his circle,but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital forlegislative sessions of the assembly a nd council and the meetings of the courtsof justice.(特殊结构 notonly...but;倒装 Not only did...) 不仅他们为总督和他的圈子提供服务,而且殖民地各地的公民来首府参加两院和市政会的立法会议以及法庭会议。
分句 1:Not only did they cater to thegovernor and his circle分句 2:but citizens from all over the colonycame to the capital for legislative s essions of the assembly and council andthe meetings of the courts of justice. 1和2并列倒装+省略: 正常语序:They did not only cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony (also) came to the capital for legislativesessi ons of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.102.The motivation derived from thetext,and in the case of singing,the music, in combination with the performer'sskills,personality,and ability to create emp athy will determine the success ofartistic,political,or pedagogic communication(句子主干是the motivation...and...the music...will determine the success...;in co mbinationwith...与...相结合) 从剧本里获得的动力,还有(在演唱的情况下的)音乐,与表演者的技巧、个性和引起共鸣的能力相结合,将决定艺术、政治或者教学等交际活动的成功与否。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析1. 英语中的长难句往往给学习者带来困惑和挑战。
2. 本文将为大家解析120个托福长难句，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的句子。
3. 第一句：Although he had studied hard, he still failed the test.4. 这个句子是一个典型的虽然...但是...的结构，虽然他努力学习，但仍然没有通过考试。
5. 这种结构在托福阅读和听力中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
6. 第二句：Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record.7. 这个句子是一个典型的不仅...而且...的结构，他不仅赢得了比赛，而且还打破了纪录。
8. 在托福写作和口语中，我们也可以使用这种结构来增强句子的表达能力。
9. 第三句：It was not until midnight that he finished his work.10. 这个句子是一个典型的直到...才...的结构，直到午夜他才完成了工作。
11. 这种结构在托福考试中经常出现，所以我们要熟悉并运用这种句子结构。
12. 第四句：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.13. 这个句子是一个典型的越...越...的结构，你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。
14. 在托福阅读和写作中，我们可以使用这种结构来增强句子的比较和对比效果。
15. 第五句：Despite the rain, they still went hiking in the mountains.16. 这个句子是一个典型的尽管...但是...的结构，尽管下雨，他们仍然去爬山。
17. 这种结构在托福听力和口语中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
18. 第六句：As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."19. 这个句子是一个典型的正如谚语所说，"熟能生巧"。
托福阅读长难句
托福阅读长难句为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读长难句1In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessaryto meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。
(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。
以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。
修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。
新托福 TPO 阅读长难句解析
新托福 TPO 阅读长难句解析1. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage：Streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.2. Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised apiston(活塞) in a cylinder(汽缸)，and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum．3. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.4. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well—to—do Londoners grow accustomed to gaslights houses and even streets.5. Iron manufacturers which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal also benefitedfrom ever-increasing supplies of coal; blast furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery．6. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty．7. In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons，with flanged wheels，were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine.8. Another generation passed before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse.9. When he grew older William Smith taught himself surveying from books he bought with his small savings and at the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor of the local parish.10. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well asto determine the best courses for the canals.11. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find．12. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.13. Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago．14. As he collected fossils from strata throughout England, Smith began to see that the fossils told a different story from the rocks particularly in the younger strata the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing the strata, but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart.15. While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in sandstone,the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same.16. Some fossils endured through so many millions of years that they appear in many strata, but others occur only in a few strata, and a few species had their births and extinctions within one particular stratum.17. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence.18. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata but a trilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian—will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.19. The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier.20. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month older than them can remember some events a year later.21. Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression- or holding back- of sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon.22. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later.23. Consistent with this view parents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are about three years old.24. The better able the person is to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.25. The world looks very different to a person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it, 0lder children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally．26. Conversely，improved encoding of whatthey hear may help them better understand and remember stories and thus make the stories more useful for remembering future events.27. Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.28. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old.29. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales.30. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.31. The expansion of desert like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification.32. In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface.33. Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water.34. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.35. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.36. In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions.37. The process may be accelerated in subsequent decades if global warming resulting from air pollution seriously increases.38. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.39. During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.40. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.41. The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.42. The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.43. The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.44. The water evaporates and the salts areleft behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.45. The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.46. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.47. The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.48. For the price of 25 cents (or 5 cents per machine), customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films (or, in the case of famous prizefights, successive rounds of a single fight).49. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual eartubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music.50. He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.51. Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. 52. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.53. Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves ismass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily be reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor.54. Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences or by accompanying them with lectures, their creative control remained limited.55. What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies; the lifelike reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains, of waves striking the shore, and of people walking in the street; and the magic made possible by trick photography and the manipulation of the camera.56. With the advent of projection, theviewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.57. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.58. Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.59. Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations.60. One is that people's capacity to outwit other species, not their aggressiveness, appears to be the dominant factor in human survival.61. Another is that there is too much variation among people to believe that they are dominated by, or at the mercy of, aggressive impulses.62. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.63. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives.64. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.65. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.66. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity.67. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace.68. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.69. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed.70. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.71. Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics ofhigh-speed aircraft.72. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag.73. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours.74. The keels, finlets, and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface in such as way as to reduce resistance (see the figure).75. One potential problem is that opening themouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down.76. Their high, narrow tails with swept-back tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort.77. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddies.78. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.79. Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts."80. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered.81. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.82．What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.83. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work.84. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there.85. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).86. Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.87. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.88. This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.89. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.90. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and business people and bankers on the other.91. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.92. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves.93. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor.94. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.95. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas ofsemi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.96. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. 97. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of tencultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions.98. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction.99. "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions."100. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous.101. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.)102. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by''crow’s feet" wrinkles around the eyes and asubtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings103. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response -- as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension.104. Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.105. Lower mountains tend to be older, and are often the eroded relics of much higher mountain chains.106. Some mountains were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and forcing up the rock at the plate margins.107. Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes, which fracture the Earth's crust and can displace enough rock to produce Block Mountains.108. The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weather processes and gradually broken down into fragments, which are then carried away and later deposited as sediments.109. Rain washes away loose soil and penetrates cracks in the rocks.110. Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris.111. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.112. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.113. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.114. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common.115. They are found wherever fast riverscarrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. 116. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down. 117. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth,fan-shaped slope.118. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.119. In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.120. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards.121. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.122. Much of the water in a sample ofwater-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place.123. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry.124. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.125. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.126. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.127. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.128. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.129. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.130. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.131. Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being.132. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.133. A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds.134. Admiration for the performer’s skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances.135. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, sincecomedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.136. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to theirwell-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.137. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses.138. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.139. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.140. This is particularly true for trees in themiddle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.141. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves.142. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.143. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.144. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.145. At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts146. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface.147. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover.148. The client who pays for the building and defines its function is an important member of the architectural team.149. The mediocre design of many contemporary buildings can be traced to both clients and architects.150. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.151. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and。
托福阅读长难句分析
为帮助同学们更好的备考托福考试,选择了一些经典的托福阅读长难句,希望同学们进行分析和总结后,能够提高阅读能力.1．Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – succession hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。
2．But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。
3．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝的最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调－从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果－的乐器。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.(定语后置in some ways…由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是:原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大,就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1:Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after theSecond World War分句2:is分句3:the country's impressive population growth分句1,2,3共同构成倒装句,正常的语序应该是3,2,1,即:该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.本句是一个简单句,只不过使用了倒装,谓语动词是is.3.As a result,claims that eating a diet consisting entirely oforganically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides otherbenefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basisfor folklore.(同位语从句claims that…结果,那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知,并成为一些民间说法的基础。
分句1:that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句2:claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore分句2嵌套分句1,分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。
因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些观点广为人知,并成为一些民间说法的基础。
同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirelyof organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or providesother benefits to health:只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitaminsare superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs arenutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grainsare better than fumigated grains and the like.(并列同位语从句reports that…,that…,that…关于天然维生素优于人造维生素,受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高,未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜,但都没有得到证实。
分句1:There are numerous unsubstantiated reports分句2:natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones分句3:that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句4:that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like分句1是整个长句的主句,分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系,共同构成分句1的同位语从句。
本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道,然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。
5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact thatreconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North,though less spectacularly.(同位语从句fact that…南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目这一事实显得不太重要。
分句1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact分句2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North分句3.though less spectacularly (省略1和2嵌套1和3并列6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost everymajor city sparked an explosion of real estate development andfueled what we now know as urban sprawl.(宾语从句what we now know as现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地,这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。
分句1:The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almostevery major city sparked an explosion of real estate development andfueled分句2:what we now know as urban sprawl分句1嵌套分句2,即分句1是主句,分句2是宾语从句,主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urbansprawl。
本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel,它作为名词的含义广为人知,是能源、燃料,作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。
7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question ofhow there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaursin a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.(Of结构作定语:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnantichthyosaurs…但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题:为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。
分句1:But these factors do not account for the interesting question分句2:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnantichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time ofgiving birth分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。
8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering aroundthe unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain ofrock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out.(同位语从句rumors that…当时有一些传言,说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动,而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山,其面积达80英里长50英里宽。