写作语法一_五大基本句型+句子成分+名词性从句

1.基本的句子分类和句子核心成分

简单句，复合句（用连词直接连接的两个完整的简单句，“串联句”），复杂句（主从复合句，“并联句”）

不管是什么句子，既然叫做“句子”，那么意味着成分必须完整没有缺失。

既然是句子，不管是主句还是从句，都必须有谓语动词。而且任何一个句子中，有且只有一个谓语动词。

“非谓语动词”---v-ing现在分词，v-ed过去分词，to-do

改错：There are many people claim that education is quite crucial for the young generations.

修改一：who claim that…

修改二：claiming that…

修改三：去掉there are

2.5大基本句型:简单句的分类

主语+谓语（常常在后面接一个副词修饰谓语动词）

Time flies.//I ran.//You jump; I jump.

主语+谓语+宾语

I want you.//I borrow books.//I love you.

主语+系动词(可接名词和形容词):be动词+感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）+get/become/turn/grow/appear/fall(asleep)/keep/stay/remain/maintain/exist(th ere exist…=there be…)…+表语（主语补足语）

主语+谓语+双宾语

主语+谓语+复合宾语（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语补足语是对宾语的进一步说明，一般是名词和形容词）

He gave me a book.

I call him Jack.

I push the door open.

区别双宾语和复合宾语：双宾语的两个宾语之间没有必然的逻辑关系，而复合宾语的两个成分之间是有逻辑关系的，中间可以加be动词来进行甄别。

3.句子基本成分的概念的建立和强化

主语---是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况。最简单的形式是名词。

谓语---是主语的主要情况，可表示动作，也可表示状态。只能是动词。

宾语---表示动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果。最简单的形式就是名词。

表语---也叫主语补足语，和系动词一道构成谓语。

定语---修饰名词、代词。最简单的定语就是形容词：a beautiful flower//a standardized test

状语---修饰动词、形容词或副词。最简单的状语就是副词：increase rapidly//extremely wealthy//very well

4.句子翻译练习：

1)这个经济危机最初在美国爆发。

The economic crisis//depression（衰退）broke out originally in America.

2)跟他讲话就像对牛弹琴。

It is/seems like/is like talking to a wall/deaf that when you talk to him.

It is…(主语)that/who…

Taking to him is like talking to a wall. //Seeing is believing.

3)忽略这个事情可能会导致严重后果。

Ignoring/To ignore/The ignorance of this matter may lead to serious consequences.

4)价格会升高是确定的。

The increasing price is certain.

An increase in the price is certain.

It is certain that the price will increase.

..is certain.

The price will increase.

That the price will increase is certain. = It is certain that the price will increase.

5)送小孩出国留学对于不少家庭来说是个沉重的经济负担.

It is a heavy economic financial burden that sending children to study abroad for many families.

6)大学生做兼职可以减轻父母的经济负担。

减轻：lessen/alleviate//release

7)政府应该意识到他们的首要职责(primary responsibility)是帮助人民消除贫困(poverty/impoverishment )、疾病(illnesses)和文盲(illiteracy)。

Literacy/numeracy skills=be equipped with basic literacy and numeracy skills有文化，有基本的文化素养

8)这个观点是年幼的孩子比青少年更容易掌握一门语言。

This point of view is a language that younger children…

句型：主系表

This point of view is that it is easier for younger children to master/acquire/have a good grasp of a language than teenagers.表语从句

There is a fact that…同位语从句

Some people believe that…宾语从句

That it is easier for younger children to master a language than teenagers is obvious.= It is obvious that…主语从句

名词性从句：表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、主语从句