英语四六级考试译文笔记 第16篇

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）

1.那些支持学校把学生的能力作为录取依据的人们认为：如果学校录取过程成为一个“能力择优”的过程，这样可以引入一些竞争因素，从而激励一些学生更加努力。他们还指出一个事实：如果尖子生与落后生混合在一起，授课就很难步调一致。最有才华的学生会觉得课程太容易，而垫底的学生却很吃力。

Those who support schools admitting students on the basis of （1.以……为依据）their ability believe making the school selection process a meritocracy（2.能力择优）introduces an element of （3.一些）competition which motivates some students to try harder. They also point to the fact that if the top students are mixed with the weakest students, it makes teaching at the correct pace very difficult. The most gifted students will find classes too easy while the bottom students

will struggle（4.吃力）.

1- on the basis of

词典释义：

basis

2.N-SING 单数名词（行事的）理由，根据If you say that you are acting on the basis of something, you are giving that as the reason for your action.

【搭配模式】：on N

•McGregor must remain confined, on the basis of the medical reports we have received...根据我们收到的病历报告，麦格雷戈的行动仍然必须受到限制。

•On the basis that recognising the problem is halfway to a solution, Mulcahy's comments yesterday should be well received.鉴于认识到问题的存在就相当于把它解决了一半，马尔卡希昨天的那番话应该会受到欢迎。

外刊例句：

But it is an important failing given that the Fed sets monetary policy,

and the IMF gives countries advice, on the basis of their

forecasts. （）

但鉴于美联储设立了货币规则，而国际货币基金组织根据自己的预测给众多国家

建议，这肯定算是次严重失败。

替换表达：according to / based on

学生错误表达：

（1）consider / take / regard ... as a basis

点评：搭配不当，不存在consider/take/regard something as a basis的表达。

（2）take ... as admission basis

点评：搭配不当，admission不可以与basis搭配，这里应该改为admit students on the basis of…

2- meritocracy

范例中给出的句子中，making the school selection process a meritocracy 作introduces的主语，其中make为动词，the school selection process是宾语，a meritocracy为宾补。

词典释义：

meritocracy

UK[ˌmer.ɪ'tɒk.rə.si] US[-'tɑ:.krə-] noun countable or uncount able

■a social system or society in which people have power because of their abilities, not because of their money or social position 精英领导体制；精英管理的社会

•The prime minister claims he wants to create a

classless meritocracy in Britain.首相称他想在英国建立一个无阶级的精英治国社会。

外刊例句：

A meritocracy sounds positively utopian. After all, what could be fairer than a society in which status is defined by achievement rather than hand-me-downs? But the reality is more

complex. （）

精英社会听起来像是个积极的乌托邦式幻想。毕竟，还有什么社会形式比由成就而不是血统来决定社会地位的社会形式更公平了呢？然而，现实社会要复杂得多。

3-an element of

词典释义：

an element of sth

■a small amount of an emotion or quality 少量；有点，有些

•There was certainly an element of truth in what she said.她说的话当然也有些是真的。

•Don't you think there's an element of jealousy in all of this? 你不觉得所有这一切都是妒嫉在隐隐作祟?

•We walked quietly up to the door to preserve the element of surprise.我们轻手轻脚地走近门口，想制造一个惊喜。

外刊例句：

Most elections have an element of uncertainty about them. Not Russia's. This weekend, barring a miracle, Dmitry Medvedev, Vladimir Putin's handpicked successor, will win the Russian presidency by a landslide. （）

大多数选举都会有不确定因素，但俄罗斯的选举却截然不同。普京束手束脚的继承人梅德韦杰夫在本周将杜绝一切奇迹发生，以压倒性的优势胜选。

替换表达：a small amount of

4- struggle

struggle和我们中文所说的“奋斗、拼搏”不同，它在英文中含有比较负面的意