汉译英之谓语的选择分解

Isolating/analytic language A language in which word forms do not change, and in which grammatical functions are shown by WORD ORDER and the use of FUNCTION WORDS. Inflecting language A language in which the form of a word changes to show a change in meaning or grammatical function. Often there is no clear distinction between the basic part of the word and the part which shows a grammatical function such as number or tense. Agglutinating language A language in which various AFFIXES may be added to the stem of a word to add to its meaning or to show its grammatical function.
我想吃麦当劳。 历史是人民创造的。 他就会持枪劫车、杀人越货。 He wants to eat at the Macdonald’s. History is made by the people. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.
确定谓语的原则


1. 主谓一致+时态+语气 2. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当 3. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当 4. 根据谓语和状语搭配确定谓语 5. 根据英语表达习惯 6. 谓语的确定应该基于表意的需要 7. 谓语的确定应该基于构句（语法）的需要
1. 主谓一致+时态+语气
2. 谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性


英语谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语充 当，系动词可看成一种特殊为谓语。 英语同一主语下的并列谓语一般不超过三个， 多数句子只有一个谓语动词，其他动作概念以 非谓语动词、介词短语、名词短语或从句的形 式出现。 原文若是形容词、名词、数量词或介词短语作 谓语，译文中常常采用系表结构。

众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。 It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 书到后应立即付款。 You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered． 请您为大家表演一个节目。 You are requested to give us a performance. 流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。 Their friendship was turned into enmity through idle gossip.
谓语应该在人称、数、时态、语态上与主语一致 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemical. 在西方，吃饭用的是刀和叉 。 In the west, fork and knife is used for having dinner. （三中全会的政策）谁想变也变不了。 No one could change this even if he wanted to. 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. 她的独生子让车给轧了。 Her only son was run over by a car.





她的未婚夫都60了。 快餐食品并不健康！ 三星的手机外观很漂亮。 Her fiancé is already 60 years old. Fast food is not wholesome, after all. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful.

3. 谓语的多主动式VS多被动式



无形式标志的被动句，形式主动，意义被动 原文若为有/无形式标志的被动式，译文宜用被动式作谓 语； 若不知原文谓语动作的发出者是谁，或者原文的主语为 “人们”、“大家”等，或者句中含有 “据传”、“据 悉”等字眼，译文的谓语常用以 “it” 为形式主语的被动 句式； 问题解决了。 The problem has been solved. 大家都觉得这样做不妥。 It is generall来自百度文库 considered not advisable to act that way. 必须采取措施来控制水污染。
汉译英之谓语的选择
一、汉英主谓结构的差别


汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS.英语的综合型 (synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓语的多被动式
1. 分析型语言VS综合型语言

汉语分析型语言 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性的词缀 英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式： 英语谓语形态稳定，受语法规范约束，需与主语保持一致关系 table／tables run／ran／run the boy‘s She sings beautifully. 汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性(overtness)