英语中的主动与被动
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的转换
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的转换高中英语知识点归纳:被动语态和主动语态的转换被动语态和主动语态是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
被动语态是用来描述动作的接受者,而主动语态则强调动作的执行者。
在这篇文章中,我们将对高中英语中被动语态和主动语态的转换进行归纳总结,帮助大家更好地理解和运用这两种语态。
一、基本概念1. 主动语态:句子的主语是动作的执行者。
例如:- 主动语态:Tom eats an apple.(汤姆吃了一个苹果。
)2. 被动语态:句子的主语是动作的接受者。
例如:- 被动语态:An apple is eaten by Tom.(一个苹果被汤姆吃了。
)二、转换方法1. 把句子中的宾语变成主语,同时在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式,同时需要调整句子时态和语态。
例如:- 主动语态:He sings a song.(他唱了一首歌。
)- 被动语态:A song is sung by him.(一首歌被他唱了。
)2. 如果主动语态的句子包含间接宾语和直接宾语,可以把其中一个宾语变为主语,并在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式。
例如:- 主动语态:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书。
)- 被动语态:I was given a book by him.(我被他给了一本书。
)3. 如果主动语态的句子中有介词短语作状语,需要将介词短语移到句子的末尾,并在谓语动词前加上be动词的相应形式。
例如:- 主动语态:They cut down the trees in the garden.(他们砍掉了花园里的树。
)- 被动语态:The trees in the garden were cut down by them.(花园里的树被他们砍掉了。
)4. 如果主动语态的句子中有连系动词,需要把连系动词变成被动语态的be动词的相应形式。
例如:- 主动语态:She is writing a letter.(她正在写信。
英语中8种时态的主动语态和被动语态
英语中8种时态的主动语态和被动语态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes,every year, every week等连用。
例如:1)The moon moves round the earth..(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if(即使, 虽然),in case(conj.万一, 如果),as long as(和 ... 一样长),as soon as(conj.一 ... 就),the moment(一 ... 就 ..., 这一刻)以及if,unless(conj.除非, 如果不prep.除 ... 外)等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例如:1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart(vt.离开vi.离开, 死亡),arrive(vi.到达, 到来, 成功),begin(v.开始, 着手),leave(v.委托, 离开, 留给, 遗留, 遗赠, 听任n.许可, 准假, 告别vi.生出叶子)等。
例如:1)The plane leaves at three sharp(adv. 正好, (时间)准, 尖锐地).(4)在由why,what,where,whoever(pron. 无论是谁, 不管谁, 任何人),who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例如:1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.2.一般过去时英语中8种时态的主动语态和被动语态(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。
英语八种时态主动形式和被动形式
一、一般现在时态(Simple Present Tense)1. 主动形式:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
例句:He drinks coffee every morning.(他每天早上喝咖啡。
)2. 被动形式:表示动作的承受者或主语受到动作的影响,常与by短语连用。
例句:Coffee is drunk by him every morning.(咖啡每天早上被他喝。
)二、一般过去时态(Simple Past Tense)1. 主动形式:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
例句:She studied English last night.(昨晚她学习了英语。
)2. 被动形式:表示过去某个时间主语受到动作的影响。
例句:English was studied by her last night.(昨晚英语被她学习了。
)三、一般将来时态(Simple Future Tense)1. 主动形式:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或状态。
例句:They will visit their grandparentstomorrow.(他们明天将会去看望他们的祖父母。
)2. 被动形式:表示将来某个时间主语将会受到动作的影响。
例句:The grandparents will be visited by themtomorrow.(明天祖父母将会被他们去看望。
)四、现在进行时态(Present Continuous Tense)1. 主动形式:表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例句:They are playing soccer in the park.(他们正在公园里踢足球。
)2. 被动形式:表示主语正在被动作影响的动作或状态。
例句:Soccer is being played by them in thepark.(他们正在公园里踢足球。
)五、过去进行时态(Past Continuous Tense)1. 主动形式:表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。
英语的主动语态和被动语态
英语的主动语态和被动语态-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1主动语态和被动语态一、被动语态的用法:1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成: was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。
4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成: am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。
5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的对比
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的对比英语语法中的被动语态和主动语态是学习英语的重要知识点之一。
被动语态和主动语态在句子结构和表达方式上有所不同,了解它们的区别可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将对高中英语中的被动语态和主动语态进行详细归纳和对比。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成,其中助动词的形式根据句子的时态和语态而定。
具体来说,被动语态的构成如下:1. 一般现在时的被动语态:肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词?2. 一般过去时的被动语态:肯定句:主语 + was/were + 过去分词否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?3. 一般将来时的被动语态:肯定句:主语 + will be + 过去分词否定句:主语 + will not be + 过去分词疑问句:Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词?二、主动语态的构成主动语态是最常见的语态形式,用于描述主语执行动作的状态。
主动语态的构成较为简单,通常为“主语 + 动词 + 宾语”。
例如:- He writes a letter.(他写信。
)- They eat dinner.(他们吃晚饭。
)主动语态强调主语执行动作的主动性和直接性,是表达意思的常用方式。
三、被动语态与主动语态的对比被动语态和主动语态在表达方式和句子结构上有所不同。
下面将对它们进行对比:1. 动作的执行者- 被动语态:动作的执行者是句子的宾语或者不明确指定。
- 主动语态:动作的执行者是句子的主语。
2. 语态的结构- 被动语态:由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成。
- 主动语态:由“主语 + 动词 + 宾语”构成。
3. 句子的语气- 被动语态:使用被动语态可以表示客观描述或者强调动作的承受者。
英语被动语态与主动语态
英语被动语态与主动语态英语语法中,动词分为主动语态和被动语态,它们经常被使用,而我们也需要了解它们的不同之处和使用方法,以便更好地理解和使用英语语言。
一、主动语态和被动语态的基本概念主动语态表示主语执行动作,而被动语态表示主语是动作的接受者。
例如,“Tom打了足球”是主动语态,“足球被Tom打了”是被动语态。
二、被动语态的构成方式被动语态的构成方式是使用助动词“be”加上过去分词,例如,现在被动语态为“am/is/are + 过去分词”,过去被动语态为“was/were + 过去分词”,将来被动语态为“will be + 过去分词”。
例如,“The cake is made by Tom”,其中“is made”是被动语态,并且被加粗的“made”是过去分词。
三、使用被动语态的情况被动语态通常用于以下情况:1. 当动作的执行者未知或并不需要说明时,例如,“The money was stolen”中并不知道小偷是谁。
2. 当强调做出动作的对象或结果时,例如,“The cake was made by Tom”侧重于强调蛋糕是由Tom制作的。
3. 当在一般情况下,事物的执行者本身并不重要时,例如,“English is spoken all over the world”中强调的是英语被全世界讲。
四、主动语态和被动语态的对比主动语态是更加直接和自然的方式来交流,而被动语态通常用于特殊的语境和情况。
使动词变成被动语态也可能导致句子变得更加复杂和难以理解。
例如,主动语态句子“Tom ate the cake”更加自然,而被动语态句子“the cake was eaten by Tom”更加复杂,因为被动语态中需要更多的字来表达同样的意思。
使用被动语态也需要注意它的正确性和准确性。
使用不当的被动语态可能会导致含义不清或错误的句子。
在写作或口语中,主要应考虑与主语和上下文的配合,以便清晰表达各种意思。
五、总结以上是英语被动语态与主动语态的基本概念、构成方式、使用情况和对比。
英语语法之主动语态和被动语态
英语语法之主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结:一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)结构:主语+ be + 过去分词时态:1. 一般现在时:am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时:was (were) done4. 一般将来时:will (shall) be done5. 现在进行时:am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时:have (has) been done二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1.主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2.主语+ 不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语(S + V+ O)(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this songThis song is often sung by children.(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4.主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V+ IO+ DO)(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。
英语动词的语态
英语动词的语态
在英语中,动词的语态主要分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态是指主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动形式。
例如:I wrote a letter.(我写了一封信。
)
被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词用被动形式。
被动语态的构成是:be + 过去分词。
例如:A letter was written by me.(一封信被我写了。
)
使用被动语态的情况主要有以下几种:
1. 不知道或不需要指出动作的执行者时。
例如:The window was broken.(窗户被打破了。
)
2. 强调动作的承受者时。
例如:She is loved by everyone.(她受到大家的喜爱。
)
3. 当动作的执行者是泛指或不言而喻时。
例如:Books are written by writers.(书是由作家写的。
)
需要注意的是,在使用被动语态时,动词的时态和语态要保持一致。
例如:The letter was being written by me.(我正在写一封信。
)
动词的语态是英语语法中一个重要的概念,正确使用被动语态可以使句子更加准确、清晰。
英语语法中的被动语态与主动语态区别
英语语法中的被动语态与主动语态区别在英语语法中,被动语态和主动语态是我们经常使用的两种语态形式。
被动语态和主动语态的使用不仅影响句子的结构和语序,还会对句子的语义产生一定的影响。
本文将从不同的角度探讨被动语态和主动语态的区别。
一、语法结构被动语态和主动语态在语法结构上有明显的区别。
在主动语态中,主语是执行动作的主体,而在被动语态中,主语成为动作的接受者。
例如,我们可以比较以下两个句子:1. 主动语态:Tom washed the car.2. 被动语态:The car was washed by Tom.在第一个句子中,主语Tom是执行动作的主体,而在第二个句子中,主语The car成为动作的接受者。
这种结构上的差异是被动语态和主动语态的重要区别之一。
二、语义角度被动语态和主动语态在语义上也有所不同。
被动语态强调动作的接受者,而主动语态则强调动作的执行者。
例如,考虑以下两个句子:1. 被动语态:The cake was eaten by John.2. 主动语态:John ate the cake.在第一个句子中,被动语态使得焦点放在了蛋糕被吃的事实上,而不是谁吃了蛋糕。
相比之下,在第二个句子中,主动语态强调的是John这个执行者。
因此,被动语态和主动语态的语义差异也是它们的区别之一。
三、信息重点被动语态和主动语态在信息重点上也有所不同。
被动语态通常用于强调动作的接受者或者对动作的关注度较低,而主动语态则用于强调动作的执行者或者对动作的关注度较高。
例如,考虑以下两个句子:1. 被动语态:The book was written by Mark.2. 主动语态:Mark wrote the book.在第一个句子中,我们更关注的是这本书是由谁写的,而不是关注这个动作本身。
相比之下,在第二个句子中,我们更关注的是Mark这个作者。
因此,被动语态和主动语态在信息重点上也存在差异。
四、语气和语态被动语态和主动语态在语气和语态上也有所不同。
英语各时态的主动句和被动句
一般将来时(Simple Future):主动语态:明天我将会见我的朋友。
(I will meet my friend tomorrow.)被动语态:我的朋友将被我明天见到。
(My friend will be met by me tomorrow.)主动语态:下个月我将搬到一个新的城市。
(I will move to a new city next month.)被动语态:一个新的城市将被我下个月搬到。
(A new city will be moved to by me next month.)主动语态:明年我将开始学习弹钢琴。
(I will start learning to play the piano next year.)被动语态:学习弹钢琴将被我明年开始。
(Learning to play the piano will be started by me next year.)现在进行时(Present Continuous):主动语态:我正在看电视节目。
(I am watching a TV show.)被动语态:电视节目正在被我观看。
(A TV show is being watched by me.)主动语态:他们正在制定新的计划。
(They are making new plans.)被动语态:新的计划正在被他们制定。
(New plans are being made by them.)主动语态:我们正在等待朋友的到来。
(We are waiting for our friend's arrival.)被动语态:朋友的到来正在被我们等待。
(Our friend's arrival is being waited for by us.)现在完成时(Present Perfect):主动语态:我已经完成了我的工作报告。
(I have finished my work report.)被动语态:我的工作报告已经被我完成了。
英语中主动表被动的情况
一、谓语动词主动表被动:1. 当open, close, shut, lock, move,read, write, wash, clean, sell, wear, cook等用作不及物动词表示事物特征、状态而非动作时,用主动形式表示被动意义:The rock can’t move. 这石头挪不动。
The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly.这书卖得很快。
The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。
Pens of this brand write smoothly. 这个牌子的钢笔书写流畅。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft.这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
This shirt will wear very long.这衬衫可以穿很久。
Rice cooks easily in water, but why not in Oil? 大米用水容易做成饭,但为什么用油就不容易呢?His books read easily. 他写的书很容易读。
注:如果不是表示特征而是指动作,则用被动形式表被动意思。
The window won’t shut.这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut.这窗户将不会被关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不会让人关上它) The car sells quickly. 这车卖得很快。
(车受欢迎,销路很好)The car was sold quickly. 这辆车被很快地卖了出去。
(急于脱手,所以赶紧卖掉了)The door opens automatically.这门是自动开的。
The door was opened by the wind. 门被风吹开了。
注:其中有些动词也用作不及物动词表示自身的动作。
这时其实并没有被动含义。
英语的主动语态与被动语态
主动语态变与被动语态一、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1.简单句的主动语态变被动语态(1) 通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
如:Li Lei planted the tree last year. →The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. →The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。
如:He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意:表示“使、让”的动词make, have等,以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等,在主动语态中,接不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式前的to 要省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式,则必须带to。
如:I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。
但一般采用后一种用法。
如(from ):He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
英语语态的用法总结
英语语态的用法总结1. 主动语态(Active Voice)主动语态是最常用的语态,表示主语执行动作。
1.1 句子结构主动语态的句子结构一般为:主语 + 动词 + 宾语。
例如:- Tom eats an apple.(汤姆吃了一个苹果。
)1.2 用法主动语态用于强调执行动作的主体。
主动语态也可以用于描述普遍真理或无法改变的事实。
2. 被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态用于表示主语受动作影响,而非执行动作。
2.1 句子结构被动语态的句子结构一般为:宾语 + 动词 + be + 过去分词 + by + 主语。
例如:- An apple is eaten by Tom.(一个苹果被汤姆吃了。
)2.2 用法被动语态用于强调动作的承受者或描述无具体执行者的动作。
被动语态也可以用于表示客观事实或避免指责。
3. 注意事项3.1 不适用于及物动词某些及物动词无法使用被动语态,常见的包括:have, feel, see, hear等。
3.2 动作执行者的省略当动作执行者不明确或不重要时,可以省略。
例如:- The car was stolen.(车子被盗。
)3.3 变换时态和语态变换时态和语态时,需要调整be动词和过去分词的形式。
例如:I am writing a letter.(我正在写信。
)- Active Voice: I have written a letter.(我已经写了一封信。
)- Passive Voice: A letter has been written by me.(一封信被我写了。
)4. 总结英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态用于表示主语执行动作,强调动作的主体。
被动语态用于表示主语受动作影响,强调动作的承受者或无具体执行者的动作。
在使用时,需要注意动作执行者的省略、及物动词的适用性、以及变换时态和语态的调整。
英语中有主动和被动两种语态
英语中有主动和被动两种语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态的构成:因为不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词/be+过去分词”。
助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。
注意:“be(时态,人称,数)+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。
如: My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。
) The door is open.(门开了。
)被动语态与“连系动词 be+过去分词”结构的区别“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构。
当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态,be是助动词,be后面的过去分词是主要动词,动作的对象是主语;当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,be 是连系动词。
be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。
其区分办法如下:1、如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。
例如:The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。
(系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。
(被动语态)2、如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
如:The magazine is published in Shanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。
(被动语态) The door is locked.门锁着。
(系表结构)The door has already/just been locked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。
(被动语态) The shop is opened.这家商店开门了。
(系表结构)The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。
高考英语中主动表被动现象
7. be addicted (to…) = be strongly interested (in…) 对…上瘾
He was addicted to smoking. 8. be used (to…) 习惯于…
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:
1._D__re_s_s_e_d_( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.
2. After _s_t_a_y_in_g_ (stay) here for 1 year, he __i_s_a_c_c_u__s_to_m__e_d__ (accustom) to the hot weather.
We are all concerned about his health.
We're all concerned for her safety.
This book is concerned with the adolescent crime.
5. be supposed (to…) = should 应该
高考英语中主 动表被动现象
一. 主动形式表被动的含义:
1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve (应 得,值得), be worth (值得),not bear (经不住) 后面 接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法总结
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法总结英语中的谓语动词根据句子的主语和宾语的关系可以分为被动语态和主动语态。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,而主动语态则表示主语是动作的执行者。
在使用被动语态和主动语态时,我们需要注意使用正确的时态和语态形式。
下面是被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法的总结。
一、被动语态被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
它的特点是强调动作的接受者而非执行者。
下面是被动语态的用法总结:1. 当我们不知道或不关心动作执行者时,使用被动语态。
- The book was written by an unknown author.- 这本书是由一位未知的作者写的。
2. 当我们想要强调动作的接受者时,使用被动语态。
- The bridge was destroyed by the flood.- 这座桥梁被洪水冲毁了。
3. 当句子的主语是动作执行者时,可以使用被动语态。
- The house was built by my father.- 这幢房子是我父亲建造的。
4. 被动语态经常用于新闻报道、科学文章等场合。
- The suspect was arrested by the police yesterday.- 嫌疑犯昨天被警方逮捕了。
二、主动语态主动语态是最常用的语态形式,它表示主语是动作的执行者。
下面是主动语态的用法总结:1. 当我们知道并关心动作的执行者时,使用主动语态。
- The student wrote an essay for the English class.- 这名学生为英语课写了一篇文章。
2. 当我们想要强调动作的执行者时,使用主动语态。
- Tom fixed the broken chair for his sister.- 汤姆为他的妹妹修好了破椅子。
3. 主动语态经常用于陈述事实、表达个人观点等场合。
- Dogs are loyal animals.- 狗是忠诚的动物。
英语中的主动语态与被动语态
英语中的主动语态与被动语态英语中的主动语态与被动语态英语中有两种语态即:主动语态和被动语态⼀.概念主动语态:表⽰主语是动作的执⾏者,被动语态表⽰主语是动作的承受者例如:1. Granny takes care of the girl. 奶奶照顾这个⼩⼥孩(Granny是动作take care of 的执⾏者,属主动语态)2. The girl is taken care of by Granny. ⼩⼥孩由奶奶照顾(the girl 是动作take care of 的承受者)⼆.被动语态的构成(1)⼀般现在时的被动语态be 动词(am / is / are)+过去分词(2)⼀般过去时的被动语态was / were + 过去分词(3)⼀般将来时的被动语态will + 过去分词(4)含有情态动词的被动语态Can / may / must / should +过去分词注:在英语中当然不⽌这四种形式的被动语态,它还有现在进⾏时、过去进⾏时、现在完成时、过去完成时等多种形式的被动语态,但在中考中只考⽼师呈现的这四种时态的被动语态三.被动语态的⽤法在将被动语态变为主动语态时,⾸先划分句⼦成分找出句⼦的主语、谓语、宾语,然后将主动语态的宾语拿来做被动语态的主语;接下来看这个句⼦是什么时态,这个句⼦是什么时态就⽤什么时态的被动语态;最后⽤by将主语引出,有时by短语可省略例如:将下列句⼦变为被动语态1.We call him Tom.主谓宾He is called Tom by us.2.Many people speak English.主谓宾English is spoken by many people.3. I asked her some questions.主谓宾She was asked some questions by me.4.She made her room clean and tidy. 主谓宾Her room is made clean and tidy. 5. They took care of the children.主谓宾The children were taken of by them.6.Lucy and Lily will plant many treesMany trees will be planted next Sunday by Lucy and Lily.7.Jim can play the piano.主谓宾The piano can be played by Jim.三.带有双宾语的句⼦被动语态的变法带有双宾语的句⼦变为被动语态时,⾸先划分句⼦成分找出句⼦的主语、谓语、直宾(⼈是直宾)和间宾(物是间宾),然后主动语态中的直宾和间宾都可⽤来作被动语态的主语,接下来如果是将间宾⽤来作被动语态的主语时,还须在直接宾语前加to 或for注意:介词to或for 的选择与谓语动词有关:与to 连⽤的动词有:give / show / send / bring / read /pass / lend / leave / hand / tell / return / write / pay / throw / wish / teach / promise等;与for 连⽤的动词有:make / buy / do / fetch / get / play / save / order / find 等. (常考的⽼师打有下划线)例如:1. She sent me a dictionary on主谓直宾间宾my birthday.I was sent a dictionary on my birthday.A dictionary was sent to me om my birthday.2.My father bought me a radio主谓直宾间宾yesterday.I was bought a radio yesterday.A radio was bought for me by my father yesterday.四:省略了带to的不定式的句⼦的被动语态的变法省略了带to的不定式的句⼦在变为被动语态时,在这个省略没to的动词前要将to还原上.(像这样的句型有:make sb dosth / see sb do sth / hear sb do sth / let sb do sth / watch sb do sth / notice sb do sth等)例如:1. The story made us laugh.主谓宾We were made to laugh by the story.2. The boss makes the workers work 12主谓宾hours a day.The workers are made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.3. I saw the boy play soccer on the主谓宾将下列句⼦改为被动语态1.We plant trees every spring.2.Many foreigners visit the Great Wall every year.3.Lily and Lucy cleaned the classroom yesterday afternoon.4.Most students like Mr. Wang.5.Many people will visit Beijing next year.6.They use wood to make paper.7.Ann looked after the children well.8.Lily invited me to her birthday party last Sunday.9.A writer translated the book into many languages several years ago.10.My brother can work out the math problem easily.11.We should change clothes often to keep healthy. 12.Scientists may clone humans some day.13.People mustn’t throw rubbish into the river.14.Must we plant more trees to protect the environment?15.Did he plant many trees last year?16.Will she visit Beijing next Sunday?17.Jenny put her clothes in the suitcase yesterday evening.18. Tom saw his sister walk into the room just now.19. We must plant many trees and flowers in our hometown every year.20. He can make paper ships.21. Jane will watch TV tomorrow.22. Though the earthquake destroyed many house, people didn’t lose hope.23. Lily often heard her sister sing in the next room.24. I noticed him read a novel in class.25. The teacher made us understand it. ( ) 26. _ Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. _ Sure, many trees ____ every year.A. plantB. is plantC. are plantedD. planted( ) 27. In July, 2016, the 30th Olympic Games _____ in London.A. will be held( ) 28. The task ____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finishedB. will be finishedC. has been finishedD. can’t be finished ( ) 29. _ Where is Betty?_ She ____ on the playground a few minutes ago.A. was seenB. sawC. is seenD. is seeing( ) 30. More than 20 schools ____ in the country next year.A. are builtB. were builtC. have builtD. will be built ( ) 31. Many people learn English because it ____ widely ____ in the world.A. is, usedB. was, usedC. is, usingD. was, using( ) 32. _ People say the subway ____ building in Harbin in a few years.A. will finishB. is finishedC. will be finishD. finished( ) 33. Old people must _____.A. be spoken to politelyB. speak to politeC. be spoken politelyD. speak polite( ) 34. _ What’s wrong with your leg?_ I _____ by a bike when crossing the road.A. hurt( ) 35._ I have some good news to tell you.You _____ as a volunteer for themeeting._ Really? I can’t believe it.( ) 36. _ The shirt looks different from others and it looks nice._ Thanks. It _____ by my mother last month.A. madeB. is madeC. was madeD. makes( ) 37. The young man was often seen_____ by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew( ) 38. _ There is a lot of wind in North China._ Well, more trees ____ every yearto stop the wind.A. must be plantedB. can plantedC. should plantedD. should plant ( ) 38. A lot of meetings were ____ because of the dangerous disease. A. turned off B. set offC. put offD. taken off( ) 39. _ Do you often clean your classroom?_ Yes, our classroom ____ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. was cleaned ( ) 40. Don’t worry. You ____ plenty of time to decide.A. will give4。
被动语态和主动语态的用法
被动语态和主动语态的用法
被动语态和主动语态是英语语法中非常重要的两个概念。
在日常英语交流中,我们经常使用这两种语态。
被动语态用于强调动作的承受者,主动语态则用于强调动作的执行者。
下面我们来看一些具体的用法。
一、被动语态的用法
1. 表示动作的承受者,强调对事物的影响。
例句:The cake was eaten by the children. (蛋糕被孩子们吃了。
)
2. 表示动作的发生者未知或不需要强调。
例句:The window was broken. (窗户破了。
)
3. 表示被动的状态或过程。
例句:The book is being read by her. (这本书正在被她读。
)
二、主动语态的用法
1. 表示动作的执行者,强调动作的主体。
例句:I ate the cake. (我吃了蛋糕。
)
2. 表示动作的发生者已知或需要强调。
例句:John broke the window. (约翰打破了窗户。
)
3. 表示主动的状态或过程。
例句:She is reading the book. (她在读这本书。
)
总之,被动语态和主动语态是英语语法中非常重要的两个概念。
掌握它们的用法可以让我们在英语交流中更加准确和流利。
英语中什么叫主动什么叫被动
英语中什么叫主动什么叫被动
什么是英语中的主动语态和被动语态?
1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时,我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。
We speak English.
我们讲英语。
(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。
)
He is writing a letter.
他下在写一封信。
(writing是主语He发出的动作。
)
2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时,称之为被动语态(被动句):在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打败了。
(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一只野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。
在形式上A hare是was killed的主语,但在意思上,A hare是killed的宾语,即等于:Someone killed a hare.)。
英语中的主动语态与被动语态
英语中的主动语态与被动语态英语中有两种语态即:主动语态和被动语态一.概念主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者例如:1. Granny takes care of the girl. 奶奶照顾这个小女孩(Granny是动作take care of 的执行者,属主动语态)2. The girl is taken care of by Granny. 小女孩由奶奶照顾(the girl 是动作take care of 的承受者)二.被动语态的构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态be 动词(am / is / are)+过去分词(2)一般过去时的被动语态was / were + 过去分词(3)一般将来时的被动语态will + 过去分词(4)含有情态动词的被动语态Can / may / must / should +过去分词注:在英语中当然不止这四种形式的被动语态,它还有现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等多种形式的被动语态,但在中考中只考老师呈现的这四种时态的被动语态三.被动语态的用法在将被动语态变为主动语态时,首先划分句子成分找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语,然后将主动语态的宾语拿来做被动语态的主语;接下来看这个句子是什么时态,这个句子是什么时态就用什么时态的被动语态;最后用by将主语引出,有时by短语可省略例如:将下列句子变为被动语态1.We call him Tom.主谓宾He is called Tom by us.2.Many people speak English.主谓宾English is spoken by many people.3. I asked her some questions.主谓宾She was asked some questions by me.4.She made her room clean and tidy. 主谓宾Her room is made clean and tidy. 5. They took care of the children.主谓宾The children were taken of by them.6.Lucy and Lily will plant many trees主谓宾next Sunday.Many trees will be planted next Sunday by Lucy and Lily.7.Jim can play the piano.主谓宾The piano can be played by Jim.三.带有双宾语的句子被动语态的变法带有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,首先划分句子成分找出句子的主语、谓语、直宾(人是直宾)和间宾(物是间宾),然后主动语态中的直宾和间宾都可用来作被动语态的主语,接下来如果是将间宾用来作被动语态的主语时,还须在直接宾语前加to或for注意:介词to或for 的选择与谓语动词有关:与to 连用的动词有:give / show / send / bring / read /pass / lend / leave / hand / tell / return / write / pay / throw / wish / teach / promise等;与for 连用的动词有:make / buy / do / fetch / get / play / save / order / find 等. (常考的老师打有下划线)例如:1. She sent me a dictionary on主谓直宾间宾my birthday.I was sent a dictionary on my birthday.A dictionary was sent to me om my birthday.2.My father bought me a radio主谓直宾间宾yesterday.I was bought a radio yesterday.A radio was bought for me by my father yesterday.四:省略了带to的不定式的句子的被动语态的变法省略了带to的不定式的句子在变为被动语态时,在这个省略没to的动词前要将to还原上.(像这样的句型有:make sb dosth / see sb do sth / hear sb do sth / let sb do sth / watch sb do sth / notice sb do sth等)例如:1. The story made us laugh.主谓宾We were made to laugh by the story.2. The boss makes the workers work 12主谓宾hours a day.The workers are made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.3. I saw the boy play soccer on the主谓宾playground almost every day.The boy was seen to play soccer on the playground almost everyday.练习题:将下列句子改为被动语态1.We plant trees every spring.2.Many foreigners visit the Great Wall every year.3.Lily and Lucy cleaned the classroom yesterday afternoon.4.Most students like Mr. Wang.5.Many people will visit Beijing next year.6.They use wood to make paper.7.Ann looked after the children well.8.Lily invited me to her birthday party last Sunday.9.A writer translated the book into many languages several years ago.10.My brother can work out the math problem easily.11.We should change clothes often to keep healthy. 12.Scientists may clone humans some day.13.People mustn’t throw rubbish into the river.14.Must we plant more trees to protect the environment?15.Did he plant many trees last year?16.Will she visit Beijing next Sunday?17.Jenny put her clothes in the suitcase yesterday evening.18. Tom saw his sister walk into the room just now.19. We must plant many trees and flowers in our hometown every year.20. He can make paper ships.21. Jane will watch TV tomorrow.22. Though the earthquake destroyed many house, people didn’t lose hope.23. Lily often heard her sister sing in the next room.24. I noticed him read a novel in class.25. The teacher made us understand it. ( ) 26. _ Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful._ Sure, many trees ____ every year.A. plantB. is plantC. are plantedD. planted( ) 27. In July, 2016, the 30th Olympic Games _____ in London.A. will be heldB. be heldC. is heldD. was held( ) 28. The task ____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finishedB. will be finishedC. has been finishedD. can’t be finished ( ) 29. _ Where is Betty?_ She ____ on the playground a few minutes ago.A. was seenB. sawC. is seenD. is seeing( ) 30. More than 20 schools ____ in the country next year.A. are builtB. were builtC. have builtD. will be built ( ) 31. Many people learn English because it ____ widely ____ in the world.A. is, usedB. was, usedC. is, usingD. was, using( ) 32. _ People say the subway ____ building in Harbin in a few years.A. will finishB. is finishedC. will be finishD. finished( ) 33. Old people must _____.A. be spoken to politelyB. speak to politeC. be spoken politelyD. speak polite( ) 34. _ What’s wrong with your leg?_ I _____ by a bike when crossing the road.A. hurtB. was hurtC. am hurtD. will hurt( ) 35._ I have some good news to tell you.You _____ as a volunteer for themeeting._ Really? I can’t believe it.( ) 36. _ The shirt looks different from others and it looks nice._ Thanks. It _____ by my mother last month.A. madeB. is madeC. was madeD. makes( ) 37. The young man was often seen_____ by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew( ) 38. _ There is a lot of wind in North China._ Well, more trees ____ every yearto stop the wind.A. must be plantedB. can plantedC. should plantedD. should plant ( ) 38. A lot of meetings were ____ because of the dangerous disease. A. turned off B. set offC. put offD. taken off( ) 39. _ Do you often clean your classroom?_ Yes, our classroom ____ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. was cleaned ( ) 40. Don’t worry. You ____ plenty of time to decide.A. will giveB. have givenC. will be givenD. are giving学习好资料欢迎下载。
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例4. some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消 化。
3.2.3 转化为汉语无主句
汉语中只有谓语而无主语的句子比比皆是。如: “几年前发现了一种新的彗星”,“市郊建 了许多别墅”等等。英语中不带施动者的被 动句可译为汉语的无主句。如:例1. the matter was never mentioned again.后来 (…)再也没提这件事。
Chapter 3 被动与主动
3.1英汉两种语言中主动与被动的应用比较 汉 语中有一种倾向,就是尽量避免使用“被” 字,在行文中尽量选择能从主动角度恰当表 达其被动含义的词语。
如:我也许是太自私了,也许是被别的东西迷 住了眼睛。 我也许太自私了,也许是别的东西迷住了 我的眼睛。 上身的衣服完全被打湿了 上身的衣服完全打湿了。
例1. he was scared out of his wits. 他吓得魂飞魄散。
例2. the movie will be shown again tomorrow.
这部电影明天还要放映。
例3. the novel has already been translated into many languages.
这本技术词汇小册子是一位工程师编写的。
例2. my first thirty years were spent in Western America.
我的前30年是在美国西部度过的。
3.2.6 用汉语“被”,“受”等词表示被动
着重被动动作的英语被动句,可译成汉语的 完全被动态,用表示被动的助词”被“或跟 “被”意义相同的“受、给、挨、叫、让、 由、使”等构成,或用“加以”、“予以” 等后加谓语动词表示被动。如:
Chapter 3 被动与主动
英语被动结构使用非常广泛,绝大多数及物动 词和相当于及物动词的短语动词(phrasal verbs)都有被动式。另外,被动语态的广泛 应用在科技英语中反映更为突出,因为被动 语态把所要论证的、说明的科技信息放在主 语的位置上,以便使叙述更加开门见山,简 短明快,引起读者注意。此外,被动语态比 主动语态更少主观色彩,更能体现科技语体 的习惯 施动者+“把、给”等+受动者+主动
式谓语
例1. rivers are controlled by dams. 拦河坝把河流控制住了。 例2. the famous hotel had been
practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎完全毁掉了。
如原句未说出施动者,可以补上 “大家、人 们、有人”之类的泛称词作为主语。如:
例3. Mr.Li is considered to be a good teacher. 大家认为李先生是位好老师。
例4. he is believed to be deeply interested in the subject.
made in the exploration of the sea depths.
在海底勘探方面(…) 进行了巨额投资。 3.2.4 转化为汉语的“施动者+主动式谓语+
受动者“等句式
把英语被动句的主语改作为宾语,以原句中 的施动者作主语。这种译法,就是把英语的
被动句转换成汉语的如下句式:
例2. tremendous research work has been done to bring about such fantastic speeds.
为了达到这样神奇的速度,(…)进行了大 量的研究工作。
例3. some pictures were hung on the wall. 墙上(…)挂了一些画。 例4. A considerable investment has been
3.2 英译汉中语态的转换 3.2.1 保留原主语,被动转换为主动 例1. the president was assassinated in a
theatre last night. 总统昨晚在一家剧院遇刺。 例2. many basins were formed by the
subsidence of the earth’s crust. 许多盆地都是因地壳陷落而形成的。 例3. the speed of the molecules is
increased when they are heated.
当分子受热时,分子的速度就增加。
例4. bearing must be lubricated.
轴承必须上油。
3.2.2 无施动者的被动句转换为汉语句中具有 主动形式的简化被动态。
汉语中简化被动语态是由主语和谓语配合起来, 自然表示被动意义,句中不要任何被动的词 语。这种被动态的特点是:不带表示被动态 的词语;不带施动者;受动者多为物,间或 也可以是人或物,主动形式而具有被动意义。 英语中无施动者的被动句一般可以译成汉语 的简化被动态。如:
例3. we are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.
社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。
3.2.5 有些应用被动句可译为汉语的判断句, 即用汉语的“是...的”表示。
例1. this pamphlet of technical glossary is redacted by an engineer.
句式一:施动者+主动式谓语+受动者
例1. yet, only a part of this energy is used by man.
然而,人类只利用了这种能源的一部分。
例2. he is revered and admired by all of us. 我们大家都敬仰他,钦佩他。